identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
09BB9190BE9B545A91A8AB92ECEEF61D.text	09BB9190BE9B545A91A8AB92ECEEF61D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nipponomyia Alexander 1924	<div><p>Nipponomyia Alexander, 1924</p><p>Nipponomyia Alexander 1924: 158, 159; Alexander 1958: 292; Ishida 1958: 37 (key), 39. Savchenko and Krivolutskaya 1976: 24 (key), 25; Savchenko 1983: 33; Savchenko 1989: 33; Kolcsár et al. 2020: 74–79.</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Tricyphona kuwanai Alexander, 1913 . Type locality. Japan (East Palaearctic).</p><p>Examined material.</p><p>N. flavicollis Edwards, 1933 . Malaysia • Holotype: ♂ (tip of abdomen broken) (pinned); B. N. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=116.55858&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.08661" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 116.55858/lat 6.08661)">Borneo</a>, Mt. Kinabalu, Pakka; [6.08661°N, 116.55858°E]; alt. 3048 m; 26 March 1929; H. M. Pendlebury leg.; NHMUK 010397780. Paratypes: • 1 ♀ (slide mounted wing (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.16385&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.74946" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.16385/lat 37.74946)">Fig.</a> 1)); B. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.16385&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.74946" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.16385/lat 37.74946)">No. Borneo</a>, Mt. Kinabalu, Pakka; [37.74946°N, 127.16385°E]; alt. 3048 m; 23 March 1929; at light; USNM • 1 ♀ (pinned); B. N. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.16385&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.74946" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.16385/lat 37.74946)">Borneo</a>, Mt. Kinabalu; [37.74946°N, 127.16385°E]; alt. 2134 m; 27 March 1929; NHMUK • 1 ♀ (pinned); B. N. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.16385&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.74946" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.16385/lat 37.74946)">Borneo</a>, Mt. Kinabalu; [37.74946°N, 127.16385°E]; 28 March 1929; NHMUK • 1 ♀ (pinned); B. N. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.16385&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.74946" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.16385/lat 37.74946)">Borneo</a>, Mt. Kinabalu; [37.74946°N, 127.16385°E]; 29 March 1929; NHMUK • 1 ♀ (pinned); B. N. Borneo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.16385&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.74946" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.16385/lat 37.74946)">Mt. Kinabalu</a>, Pakka; [37.74946°N, 127.16385°E]; 29 March 1929; NHMUK.</p><p>N. joshii Alexander, 1957 . Nepal • Holotype: ♀ (pinned, wing and hind leg slide mounted); Nepal, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=85.0846&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.59082" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 85.0846/lat 27.59082)">Simbhanjang Pass</a>; [27.59082°N, 85.08460°E]; alt. 2496 m; 1 October 1956; E. I. Coher leg.; USNM. India. Non types: • 1 ♀ (pinned); Sikkim; F. Schmid leg.; USNM • 1 ex. (pinned); Sikkim; 1959; F. Schmid leg.; USNM • 1 ex. (pinned); Sikkim; 30 April 1959; F. Schmid leg.; USNM • 1 ex. (pinned); Sikkim, Lathong; alt. 2000 m; May 1959; F. Schmid leg.; USNM • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (on same pin); Sikkim, Lathong; F. Schmid leg.; USNM • 1 ex. (pinned); Sikkim, Lachung; 3 July 1959; F. Schmid leg.; USNM • 1 ex. (pinned); Sikkim, Lachung; 1959; F. Schmid leg.; USNM • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (on same pin); Sikkim; 1959; F. Schmid leg.; USNM • 1 ex. (pinned); Assam, Khasi-Jaint; F. Schmid leg.; USNM • 1 ♂ (head, wing (Fig. 2), fore and hind legs, and terminalia slide mounted); Sikkim, Mangalbarey; alt. 853 m; 30 April 1959; F. Schmid leg.; USNM • 1 ♂ (antenna, wing, fore, middle and hind legs, and terminalia slide mounted); Assam, Khasi-Jainvia, Serrarim; alt. 1768 m; 3 October 1960; F. Schmid leg.; USNM.</p><p>N. kamengensis Alexander, 1967 . India • Holotype: ♂ (pinned, head, wing (Fig. 3), leg and terminalia slide mounted); Assam, North East Frontier Agency, Kameng, Foothills; alt. 2134 m [slide label says 213 m, original description 2134 m]; 5 February 1961; F. Schmid leg.; USNM. Paratype: • 1 ♀ (on same pin as holotype); Assam, North East Frontier Agency, Kameng, Foothills; alt. 2134 m [slide label says 213 m, original description 2134 m]; 5 February 1961; F. Schmid leg.; USNM.</p><p>N. khasiana Alexander, 1936 . India • Holotype: ♂ (pinned, wing (Fig. 4), leg and terminalia slide mounted); Assam, Cherrapunji, Khasi Hills; alt. 1219 m; August 1935; S. Sircar leg.; USNM. Paratypes: • 1 ♀ (pinned); Assam, Cherrapunji; alt. 1219 m; August 1935; S. Sircar leg.; NHMUK 010397781 • 1 ♀ (pinned); Assam, Cherrapunji; alt. 1219–1524 m; S. Sircar leg.; NHMUK 010397781. Allotype: • 1 ♀ (pinned); Assam, Cherrapunji; alt. 1219 m; August 1935; S. Sircar leg.; USNM. Non types: • 1 ♀ (pinned); Assam, Khasi-Jainvia; F. Schmid leg.; USNM • 1 ♀, 1 ex. (on same pin); Assam, Khasi-Jainvia; F. Schmid leg.; USNM • 2 ♀ (on same pin); Assam, Khasi-Jainvia; F. Schmid leg.; USNM • 1 ♀ (pinned); Assam, Khasi-Jainvia; F. Schmid leg.; USNM • 1 ♀ (pinned); Assam, Khasi-Jainvia; F. Schmid leg.; USNM.</p><p>N. kulingensis Alexander, 1937 . China • Holotype: ♀ (both antennae, wing (Fig. 5) and hind leg slide mounted); Kuling, Kiangsi; alt. 1000 m; 18 August 1935; O. Piel leg.; USNM. Non type: • 1 ♂ (pinned); Mountain Kuling, Kiu Kiang; 23 July; Y. W. Djou leg.; USNM.</p><p>N. kuwanai (Alexander, 1913) . Japan • Holotype: ♀ (wing slide mounted (Fig. 6)); Japan, Tokyo; 7 May 1912; USNM. Allotype: • 1 ♂ (pinned); R. Takahashi leg.; USNM. Non types: • 1 ♂ (pinned, antenna, wing, hind leg, and terminalia slide mounted); Tokyo; 7 April 1919; R. Takahashi leg.; USNM • 1 ♂ (pinned, wing and terminalia slide mounted); Meguro, Tokyo; 15 April 1919; R. Takahashi leg.; USNM • 1 ♂ (pinned, antenna, wing (Fig. 7), two legs, and terminalia slide mounted); Honshiu, Iwate-gun, Iwate-ken; alt. 914 m; 28 June 1935; H. Yamamoto leg.; USNM.</p><p>N. mannheimsiana Alexander, 1969 . India • Holotype: ♂ (pinned, antenna, palpus, wing (Fig. 8), both hind legs and distal part of abdomen slide mounted); Assam, NEFA – Kameng. Bomdi La; alt. 2682 m; 15 July 1961; F. Schmid leg.; USNM. Allotype: • 1 ♀ (on same pin as holotype, wing and fore leg slide mounted); Assam, NEFA – Kameng. Bomdi La; alt. 2682 m; 15 July 1961; F. Schmid leg.; USNM.</p><p>N. nigrocorporis Alexander, 1944 . Indonesia • Holotype: ♂ (pinned, wing (Fig. 9), fore leg and gonocoxite with gonostyli slide mounted); N. Sumatra, Atjen, Mt. Leuser; alt. 2000–3500 m; 30 January 1937; A. Hoogerwert leg.; USNM.</p><p>N. novempunctata (Senior-White, 1922) . India • Holotype: ♂ (pinned); Assam, Shillong; 9 October 1920; R. Senior White leg.; in scrub in shade; NHMUK 010397782. Non types: • 3 ♀ (pinned); Assam, Shillong; September – October 1918; I. Fletcher leg.; USNM • 1 ♂ (pinned); Assam; alt. 1524 m; USNM • 1 ♂ (wing (Fig. 10) and terminalia slide mounted); Shillong; 17 August 1914; I. Fletcher leg.; USNM.</p><p>N. pentacantha Alexander, 1958 . Japan • Holotype: ♂ (pinned, antenna, fore leg, wing and terminalia slide mounted); Honshu, Mt. Amakazari-Echigo; 25 June 1955; K. Baba leg.; USNM. Paratype: • 1 ♂ (pinned, head, wing (Fig. 11), fore leg, and terminalia slide mounted); Honshu, Mt. Amakazari-Echigo; 26 June 1955; K. Baba leg.; USNM.</p><p>N. symphyletes (Alexander, 1923) . Taiwan (as Formosa) • Holotype: ♂ (pinned, wing and terminalia slide mounted); Musha; alt. 1067 m; 20 August 1921; T. Esaki leg.; USNM. Non types: • 2 ♂ (pinned, antenna, wing (Fig. 12), leg, and terminalia of 1 ♂ slide mounted); Hassensan; alt. 1707 m; 22 October 1929; S. Issiki leg.; USNM • 1 ♂ (pinned); Hassensan; alt. 800 m; 26 June 1934; Gressit leg.; USNM.</p><p>N. szechwanensis Alexander, 1935 . China • Holotype: ♂ (pinned, wing (Fig. 13), hind leg and gonocoxite with gonostylus slide mounted); Szechwan, Kwanhsien; alt. 610–1219 m; 15–31 May 1933; D. C. Grahan leg.; USNM.</p><p>N. trispinosa (Alexander, 1920) . Japan • Holotype: ♂ (two wings (Fig. 14), legs and terminalia mounted on three slides); A. Nohira leg.; USNM. Non types: • 2 ♂ (pinned, two wings and terminalia of 1 ♂ slide mounted); Honshiu, Otsu; 9 October 1915; N. Annandale leg.; dancing in a small swarm about 1.5 ft above the ground in a shady lane at dusk; USNM • 1 ♂ (pinned, antenna, wing, fore leg and terminalia slide mounted); Honshu, Kure-Aki; 16 October 1955; K. Baba leg.; USNM • 1 ♂ (head, thorax and abdomen slide mounted); Honshu, Gifu; 15 November 1931; S. Kariya leg.; USNM • 2 ♂ (three wings and four legs slide mounted); Honshu, Gifu; 15 November 1931; S. Kariya leg.; USNM • 1 ♂ (pinned, head, wing, hind leg and terminalia slide mounted); Shikoku, Mt. Sara, Iyo; alt. 800 m; 6 September 1953; T. Yano leg.; USNM • 1 ex. (pinned); Honshu, Gifu; alt. 800 m; 15 September 1921; Takeuchi leg.; USNM. Russia • 1 ♂ (pinned); Kunashir, Tretjakovo; 6 September 1972; E. Savchenko leg.; NBC.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Eye glabrous, with only a few scattered submarginal setae. Antenna short, not exceeding the length of the head. Wing distinctly patterned, with a yellow stripe extending along the anterior margin, usually bordered by narrow dark brown margins or spots; a dark area usually surrounds the base of Rs and extends to the distal part of M, reaching the cord, which is also surrounded by a dark area. Another oblique dark stripe extends through the base of cell r 3 and the basal part of R 5, and continues through the base of cell m 1, sometimes reaching the wing margin at the tip of M 3. In this case, cross-vein m-m is very oblique, reaching M 3 close to the wing margin. Male terminalia with elongate gonocoxite bearing a large apical lobe armed with numerous small black spines. This lobe is sometimes referred to as the second gonostylus, or the outer lobe of a single gonostylus. One pair of gonostyli present. Gonostylus with a large rostral lobe armed with a few strong, black, often arched spines. Ovipositor elongate; hypogynial valve with a few strong setae curved caudad along the dorsal margin.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Medium-sized Pediciidae crane flies with body length 10.0–16.0 mm and wing length 8.5–13.5 mm. General body colour is yellow (Fig. 16), often with black markings; only N. nigrocorporis from Sumatra is a black species.</p><p>Head. Slightly extended posteriorly, covered with erect setae; vertex wide in both sexes. Eyes generally without setae between ommatidia, except for a very few at the margin. Antenna (Fig. 17) short, reaching slightly beyond the frontal margin of the presutural scutum when bent backwards. Scape up to 2 × as long as the pedicel, usually less than that. Flagellum 11–14 - segmented, flagellomeres slightly elongate or oval, covered with short pubescence, longest verticils just slightly exceeding the length of the respective segments. Apical antennomere comparatively large, longer than the preceding segment. Rostrum short.</p><p>Thorax. Dorsum of the thorax with distinct polished black spots or uniformly yellow, except completely black in N. nigrocorporis . Cervical sclerite spindle shaped. Pronotum large, bearing erect setae dorsally. Mesonotal prescutum with an indistinct pseudosutural fovea, often with a few distinct dark spots, or uniformly brownish or yellow, sometimes with indistinct longitudinal stripes. Katepisternum without setae. Meron very small, thus middle and posterior coxae are close to each other. Wing (Figs 1–14, 18) moderately wide to narrow, 3.2–4.0 × as long as wide, similar in both sexes. Wing with a distinct pattern of dark spots, dots, and yellow stripes. Costal cell often with numerous small dots, sometimes fewer but elongate spots or a complete stripe. Veins Sc and R surrounded by a distinct yellow area reaching the wing margin, the yellow area along Cu is less distinct, but usually reaches the wing margin along CuA. A dark area surrounds the cord, a dark oblique line starts at the base of R 2 + 3 and extends, depending on species, either a short distance along the R branches, reaching m-m, or even to the wing margin. Venation: bases of R, M and Cu veins reach each other at the base, thus the arculus is very short or missing. Vein Sc long, reaching the wing margin at or often beyond the branching point of R 2 + 3 and R 4, sc-r is located a long distance before the origin of Rs, in some species approximately at the middle between the origin of Rs and the humeral vein, in other closer to the origin of Rs; R 1 up to 4 × as long as R 2. Radial sector long, several times as long as m-cu, branches into R 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 and r-m. Cell r 4 with a short stem. Discal cell very long, up to 5 × as long as wide, occasionally absent due to reduction of vein m-m ( N. khasiana Alexander, 1936). Cell m 1 without a stem, cross vein m-m often on M 2. M 4 usually branches out before the middle of the discal cell. Cross-vein m-cu usually at, sometimes a short distance from, the branching point of M. Veins CuP and A 1 strongly divergent, CuP nearly straight, A 1 slightly arched at the apex and reaching the wing margin before or approximately at the level of the base of Rs. Anal cell long and narrow. Wing squama with a few setae. Tibial spurs short, but present on all legs. Claw simple, without spines or teeth.</p><p>Abdomen. Male terminalia (Figs 19, 20) enlarged, slightly wider than preceding abdominal segments. Epandrium distinctly wider than longer, comparatively simple, posterior margin slightly raised and extended caudally, slightly rounded without additional projections; postero-dorsal area densely setose. Posterior margin of hypandrium nearly straight, without projections. Epandrium and hypandrium fused, forming a complete genital ring. Gonocoxite elongate, ~ 2 × as long as wide, usually with a small subbasal enlargement mesally. Apical lobe of the gonocoxite (sometimes referred to as a separate gonostylus) wide and fleshy, covered with abundant small dark spines (Figs 21, 22). Interbase (Fig. 23) large, sometimes with darkened subapical spines. A single pair of gonostyli (the apical lobe of the gonocoxite is sometimes also referred to as a gonostylus). Gonostylus (Figs 21, 22) with a long rostral lobe bearing a few large subbasal teeth. Aedeagus (Figs 23, 24) long and straight, paramere short but bearing a long lateral branch. Ovipositor with a long narrow and arched cercus (Fig. 25), tip raised upwards, apex blunt. Hypogynial valve (Figs 26, 27) straight and narrow, dorsal margin with a few long setae pointing caudally; apex of the valve reaching to about the middle of the cercus. Spermathecae three, small, subglobular.</p><p>Larva. Overall appearance typical for the subfamily Pediciinae . Body covered with short white pubescence. General appearance of the head capsule as in other Pediciinae: well sclerotised, dorsally depressed, narrow, and elongate in shape with curved dorsal sutures and a slightly curved frontoclypeal suture. Antenna short with two long apical papillae. Mandible large, sickle-shaped with well-developed three dorsal and four ventral teeth. Maxilla sclerotised and consisting of well-developed inner (galea) and outer (palpiger) lobes, and with an elongated, distinctly arched cardo at the base. Hypostoma consisting of two plates, each bearing three teeth. Push-button connection at the base of the innermost teeth not visible. Abdominal segments IV – VII with inconspicuous ventral creeping welts. Terminal segment with two spiracular lobes, which are almost 3 × as long as their basal width. Anus surrounded by four white, elongated, fleshy and segmented anal papillae. Spiracular field bare, not covered with setae. Spiracles small, oval in shape, close to each other and at the same level as the spiracular field.</p><p>The genus includes only 17 species worldwide (Oosterbroek 2026), 11 of which are Oriental in distribution, while six occur in the East Palaearctic. The genus has no recognised subgenera, is unknown from other biogeographic regions, and is not represented in the fossil record (Evenhuis 2014). Japanese species have been grouped into two morphological species groups, the N. kuwanai and N. trispinosa species groups (Kolcsár et al. 2020). The N. kuwanai species group is characterised by the presence of dark transverse dashes in the costal cell of the wing. The N. trispinosa species group lacks transverse dashes in the costal cell and is characterised by a comparatively shorter last palpomere, a gonocoxite with a more prominent ventro-basal lobe, and an acute aedeagus. Non-Japanese species can also be assigned to these morphological species groups, but with some reservations. Thus, the N. kuwanai species group includes N. joshii (Fig. 2), N. kamengensis (Fig. 3), N. kulingensis (Fig. 5), N. kuwanai (Figs 6, 7), N. nigrocorporis (Fig. 9), N. novempunctata (Fig. 10), N. okinawensis, N. pentacantha (Fig. 11), N. symphyletes (Fig. 12); however, the small spots in the costal cell of N. kamengensis, N. kulingensis, and especially N. nigrocorporis more closely resemble dots than “ typical ” transverse dashes. The N. trispinosa species group includes N. flavicollis (Fig. 1), N. gracilis, N. khasiana (Fig. 4), N. mannheimsiana (Fig. 8), N. sumatrana, N. szechwanensis (Fig. 13), N. trispinosa (Fig. 14), N. yakushimensis; however, the costal cells of N. khasiana and N. szechwanensis have three larger transverse spots, which are absent in N. trispinosa .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/09BB9190BE9B545A91A8AB92ECEEF61D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Podenas, Sigitas;Podeniene, Virginija;Havelka, Jekaterina	Podenas, Sigitas, Podeniene, Virginija, Havelka, Jekaterina (2026): First larval description of Nipponomyia Alexander (Diptera, Pediciidae) with a new species from South Korea. ZooKeys 1293: 95-119, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1293.201884
4D170FBFA43559F0A0F6B95AF4899A3D.text	4D170FBFA43559F0A0F6B95AF4899A3D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nipponomyia kalbongsanica Podenas & Podeniene 2026	<div><p>Nipponomyia kalbongsanica Podenas &amp; Podeniene sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40</p><p>Type material.</p><p>(Fig. 15) South Korea • Holotype: (Fig. 16) ♂ (pinned); Gyeonggi-do, Gapyeong-gun, Gapyeong-eup, Gyeongbanan-ro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.465&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.83667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.465/lat 37.83667)">Kalbongsan Natural Recreational Forest</a>; 37.83667°N, 127.46500°E; alt. 170 m; 21 June 2025 (2); S Podenas leg.; NIBR . Paratypes: • 1 ♀ (pinned); # 9, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.16385&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.74946" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.16385/lat 37.74946)">Central National Forest</a>, 29 km NE Seoul [Gyeonggi-do, Pocheon-si, Soheul-eup, Jikdong-ri, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.16385&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.74946" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.16385/lat 37.74946)">Korea National Arboretum</a>]; [37.74946°N, 127.16385°E]; alt. 122–152 m; 29 May 1954; GW Byers leg.; SMEK • 1 ♂ (pinned, genitalia in microvial with glycerol on the same pin); # 17, Central National Forest, 29 km NE Seoul; alt. 107–152 m; 20 June 1954; GW Byers leg.; SMEK • 1 ♂ (pinned); # 20, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.18075&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.74719" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.18075/lat 37.74719)">Central National Forest Area</a> [Gyeonggi-do, Namyangju-si, Jinjeop-eup]; [37.747189°N, 127.18075°E]; 11 July 1954; GW Byers leg.; USNM • 1 ex. (pinned, abdomen broken); # 20, 3 km S. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.1807&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.72192" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.1807/lat 37.72192)">Pup’yong-ni</a>, 26 km NE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.1807&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.72192" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.1807/lat 37.72192)">Seoul</a> [Gyeonggi-do, Namyangju-si, Jinjeop-eup, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.1807&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.72192" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.1807/lat 37.72192)">Bupyeong-ri</a>]; [37.72192°N, 127.18070°E]; alt. 91–137 m; 11 July 1954; GW Byers leg.; SMEK • 1 ♂ (pinned); # 24, Central National Forest, 29 km NE Seoul; alt. 122–152 m; 27 July 1954; GW Byers leg.; SMEK • 2 ♂, 1 ♀ (pinned); # 25, Central National Forest, 29 km NE Seoul; alt. 122–152 m; 14 August 1954; GW Byers leg.; SMEK • 1 ♂ (pinned); Gyeonggi-do, Gapyeong-gun, Buk-myeon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.52676&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.98402" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.52676/lat 37.98402)">Hwaak-ri</a>; 37.98402°N, 127.52676°E; alt. 579 m; 20 August 2014 (2); S Podenas, S Kim leg.; NIBR • 1 ♂ (pinned); Gyeonggi-do, Gapyeong-gun, Buk-myeon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.4431&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.02982" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.4431/lat 38.02982)">Jeokmok-ri</a>; 38.02982°N, 127.44310°E; alt. 560 m; 20 August 2014 (3); S Podenas, S Kim leg.; NIBR • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (pinned); Jeollanam-do, Gurye-gun, Toji-myeon, Naeseo-ri, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.58096&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.2659" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.58096/lat 35.2659)">Piagol valley</a>; 35.26590°N, 127.58096°E; alt. 446 m; 24 August 2014 (1); S Podenas leg.; net; NIBR • 1 ♂ (pinned, genitalia in microvial with glycerol on the same pin); Jeollanam-do, Gurye-gun, Toji-myeon, Naeseo-ri, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.58269&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.2555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.58269/lat 35.2555)">Piagol valley</a>; 35.25550°N, 127.58269°E; alt. 284 m; 25 April 2015 (1); S Podenas leg.; NIBR • 1 ♂ (pinned, genitalia in microvial with glycerol on the same pin); Jeollanam-do, Gurye-gun, Toji-myeon, Naeseo-ri, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.57146&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.27177" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.57146/lat 35.27177)">Piagol valley</a>; 35.27177°N, 127.57146°E; alt. 490 m; 27 April 2015 (2); S Podenas leg.; NIBR • 3 ♂ (pinned, genitalia of 1 ♂ in microvial with glycerol on the same pin, wing slide mounted); Jeollanam-do, Gurye-gun, Toji-myeon, Naeseo-ri, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.58096&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.2659" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.58096/lat 35.2659)">Piagol valley</a>; 35.26590°N, 127.58096°E; alt. 446 m; 26 June 2015; S Podenas leg.; NIBR • 1 ♂ (pinned); Jeollanam-do, Gurye-gun, Toji-myeon, Naeseo-ri, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.57146&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.27177" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.57146/lat 35.27177)">Piagol valley</a>; 35.27177°N, 127.57146°E; alt. 490 m; 27 June 2015 (1); S Podenas leg.; NIBR • 1 ♂ (pinned); Jeollanam-do, Gurye-gun, Toji-myeon, Naeseo-ri, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.57146&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.27177" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.57146/lat 35.27177)">Piagol valley</a>; 35.27177°N, 127.57146°E; alt. 490 m; 28 June 2015 (1); S Podenas leg.; NIBR • 1 ♂ (pinned); Jeollanam-do, Gurye-gun, Toji-myeon, Naeseo-ri, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.57146&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.27177" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.57146/lat 35.27177)">Piagol valley</a>; 35.27177°N, 127.57146°E; alt. 490 m; 28 June 2015 (2); S Podenas leg.; NIBR • 3 ♂, 1 ♀ (pinned), 2 ♂, 1 ♀ (in ethanol, wings slide-mounted); Jeollanam-do, Gurye-gun, Toji-myeon, Naeseo-ri, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.57146&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.27177" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.57146/lat 35.27177)">Piagol valley</a>; 35.27177°N, 127.57146°E; alt. 490 m; 29 June 2015 (1); S Podenas leg.; NIBR; GenBank Accession No: PZ 235368 • 2 ♂, 1 ♀ (in ethanol); Jeollanam-do, Gurye-gun, Toji-myeon, Naeseo-ri, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.58208&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.25825" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.58208/lat 35.25825)">Piagol valley</a>; 35.25825°N, 127.58208°E; alt. 310 m; 29 June 2015 (2); S Podenas leg.; NIBR • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (pinned); Jeollanam-do, Gurye-gun, Toji-myeon, Naeseo-ri, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.57146&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.27177" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.57146/lat 35.27177)">Piagol valley</a>; 35.27177°N, 127.57146°E; alt. 490 m; 2 July 2015 (2); S Podenas leg.; NIBR • 2 ♂, 2 ♀ (pinned, ♂ genitalia in microvials with glycerol on the same pins); Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gyeongju, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.34274&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.78755" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.34274/lat 35.78755)">Jinnhyeon-dong</a>; 35.78755°N, 129.34274°E; alt. 320 m; 27 May 2016 (1); S Podenas, H Baek leg.; NIBR • 1 ♂ (in ethanol); Jeollanam-do, Gurye-gun, Toji-myeon, Naeseo-ri, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.57146&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.27177" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.57146/lat 35.27177)">Piagol valley</a>; 35.27177°N, 127.57146°E; alt. 490 m; 3 June 2016 (2); S Podenas leg.; NIBR • 1 larva (in ethanol); Gyeongsangnam-do, Hadong-gun, Hwagae-myeon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.6335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.29953" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.6335/lat 35.29953)">Daeseong-ri</a>; 35.29953°N, 127.63350°E; alt. 547 m; 27 June 2019 (2); V Podeniene leg.; NIBR; GenBank accession no. PZ 235369 • 4 ♂, 3 ♀ (pinned); Gyeonggi-do, Gapyeong-gun, Gapyeong-eup, Gyeongbanan-ro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.465&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.83667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.465/lat 37.83667)">Kalbongsan Natural Recreational Forest</a>; 37.83667°N, 127.46500°E; alt. 170 m; 21 June 2025 (2); S Podenas leg.; NIBR .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Yellow species with contrasting, narrow black fronto-lateral margins of abdominal tergites, with white tibiae and basitarsi. The wing is translucent, with a yellow stripe along the anterior margin, surrounded by small longitudinal dark brown dashes; a brownish area surrounding the cord, and an oblique brownish stripe extending to the distal margin of the discal cell nearly reaching the wing margin. Epandrium of male terminalia with a nearly straight posterior margin, gonocoxite with a large rounded apical lobe covered with abundant small spines, gonostylus with a long narrow rostral prolongation and three large spines on the dorsal (caudal) margin. Interbase large, plate-shaped, curved at the base, aedeagus long, extending beyond the tip of the interbase.</p><p>Description.</p><p>General body colouration is yellow (Fig. 16). Body length of the male 10.1–14.3 mm, of the female 11.6–15.7 mm. Wing length of the male 8.8–11.7 mm, of the female 8.9–11.3 mm.</p><p>Head. Brownish yellow, sparsely dusted with grey, especially anteriorly, covered with rather dense yellowish setae. Eyes widely separated, the distance between them at the base of the antenna approximately equals the length of the scape. Vertex with a small tubercle, the tip of which in some specimens bears a small dark spot resembling an ocellus. Antenna (Fig. 17) short, 0.9–1.1 mm long in the male, 1.0– 1.2 mm in the female, reaching only the frontal margin of the prescutum when bent backwards. Scape elongate, brown with a yellowish distal part, sparsely dusted with grey; pedicel obscure yellow to brownish yellow, elongate, nearly as long as the scape, slightly dilated ventrally, covered with a few yellowish setae. Flagellum 12 - segmented, greyish yellow, flagellomeres, except the apical one, short, just slightly longer than wide, covered with whitish pubescence, longest verticils up to 2 × as long as the respective segments. Apical segment ~ 3 × as long as the preceding one, probably composed of two fused segments, the 12 th and 13 th, darker than the other flagellomeres, apex with three long verticils approximately as long as the apical flagellomere itself. Rostrum short, dark brown, sparsely dusted with greyish brown. Palpus dark brown except for the pale brown distal palpomere, covered with long yellowish setae. Labellum dark brown.</p><p>Thorax. Semi-polished brownish yellow. Cervical sclerite brown dorsally, turning pale postero-ventrally. Pronotum yellow with a pale postpronotum, posterior margin with a line of strong, arched, erect brownish setae. Presutural scutum yellow with four indistinct longitudinal semi-polished stripes, not darker than the surrounding matte yellow area, sparsely covered with pruinosity. Posterior margin of the presutural area with six strong erect dark brown setae. Tubercular pit missing, pseudosutural fovea slightly paler than the surrounding area. Prothoracic spiracle surrounded by a whitish membrane. Scutal lobe yellow, area between the scutal lobes concolourous with the scutal lobe. Scutellum pale yellow. Mediotergite brownish yellow. Pleuron brownish yellow, paler ventrally. Metathoracic spiracle surrounded by a white rim. Wing (Fig. 18) comparatively broad for the genus, 3.3 × as long as wide, similar in both sexes. Wing pattern with a distinct longitudinal yellow stripe along vein R, bordered by brownish shading in cells c and r, and interrupted by diffuse dark brown marks. A dark brown spot with a yellowish central area extends from R 2 through R 3, the distal part of R 4, and crosses the tip of R 5. A narrower dark stripe extends from the base of R 2 + 3 through m-m and reaches the wing margin in some specimens but extends just a short distance beyond M 3 not reaching the wing margin in others. Dark areas surround r-m and m-cu. Most veins are brownish, veins Sc, R, Cu and A 1 are yellow. Venation: bases of veins R, M and Cu reach each other, thus the arculus is very short or missing, vein Sc long, reaching the wing margin at the branching point of R 2 + 3 and R 4, sc-r located a long distance before the base of Rs; R 1 2.2 × as long as R 2. Radial sector long, 4.5 × as long as m-cu, branching into R 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 and r-m. Cell r 4 with a short stem. Discal cell very long, nearly 5 × as long as wide. Cell m 1 without a stem, cross vein m-m on M 2. M 4 arising before the middle of the discal cell. Cross-vein m-cu at the branching point of M. Veins CuP and A 1 strongly divergent, CuP nearly straight, A 1 slightly arched at the apex and reaching the wing margin approximately at the level of the base of Rs. Anal cell long and narrow. Wing squama with a few setae. Halter long, whitish with a slightly infuscate distal margin of the knob. Length of the male halter 1.3–1.5 mm, of the female 1.7–1.8 mm. Coxae yellow, fore coxa somewhat paler. Trochanters yellow to pale yellow. Male femora yellow with indistinctly infuscate apices, female femora pale. Tibiae whitish with narrow dark brown tips. Basitarsi whitish basally, turning yellow distally, remaining tarsomeres turning dark brown towards the apex. Male femur I: 5.7–6.1 mm long, II: 5.8–7.3 mm, III: 6.4–7.6 mm, tibia I: 6.1–6.7 mm, II: 5.8–7.2 mm, III: 6.4–7.9 mm, tarsus I: 8.1–9.0 mm, II: 6.1–7.6 mm, III: 7.1–8.3 mm. Female femur I: 5.8 mm long, II: 6.0 mm, III: 5.6–6.6 mm, tibia I: 5.8 mm, II: 6.0 mm, III: 6.0– 6.5 mm, tarsus I: 6.1 mm, II: 6.2 mm, III: 5.5–5.7 mm. Claw just slightly arched, simple, without spines, arolium distinct.</p><p>Male abdomen. Tergites brownish yellow, covered with erect dark brown setae; sternites pale yellow, covered with erect pale-yellow setae. Tergites II – VI with a distinct narrow dark brown to black line along the anterolateral margin; sternites II – V each with a dark spot below that line. The spots on sternites II and III are elongate, whereas those on sternites IV and V are triangular. Pregenital segment and male terminalia (Figs 16, 19, 20) brownish. Epandrium simple, distinctly wider than long; posterior margin evenly convex, slightly raised and extended caudally, without additional projections, and covered posterocaudally with long, dense setae. Posterior margin of hypandrium nearly straight, without projections. Epandrium and hypandrium fused, forming a complete genital ring. Gonocoxite elongate, 2.2 × as long as wide, with a rather prominent ventrobasal lobe. Apical lobe of gonocoxite (Figs 19–22, a l gonx) large and rounded, with a long posteromesal lobe; entire lobe covered with numerous small dark spines, especially dense caudally. Apical lobe with a narrow membranous area separating it from the rest of the gonocoxite (Fig. 20); therefore, it more closely resembles the outer lobe or branch of the gonostylus than an extension of the gonocoxite (Fig. 21). Gonostylus itself (or inner branch of the gonostylus, depending on interpretation) with a long rostral lobe bearing a few fine setae apically (Figs 21, 22); caudal margin with a low hump bearing three large, black, slightly arched spines. Interbase large, plate-shaped, with the caudal angle slightly extended, the basal portion widened and convex, and the mesal surface covered with fine setae (Fig. 23). Aedeagus (Figs 23, 24) long, narrow, straight, and rod-shaped, reaching approximately the tip of the interbase. Paramere short but bearing a long posterolateral branch. Seminal vesicle small.</p><p>Female abdomen. Pale yellow, with a dark pattern similar to that of the male; posterior segments and ovipositor (Fig. 25) brownish, tip of the cercus pale. Cercus long and narrow; distal part only slightly upcurved, apex blunt. Hypogynial valve (Figs 26, 27) long, narrow, and straight, with only the very tip distinctly upcurved. The tip of the valve reaches slightly beyond the middle of the cercus; dorsal margin with five short, fine setae basally and five long, strong setae with enlarged bases, directed caudally but not reaching the tip of the valve. Bases of the strong setae are situated on the basal half of the dorsal margin. Distal part of sclerite bare, without setae. Spermathecae three, small, subglobular.</p><p>Larva. Last-instar larvae. Length 15.8 mm; width 2.6 mm. Larvae hemicephalic, metapneustic (Figs 28–32). Body covered with short white pubescence, which gives the body a whitish colour. The first thoracic segment and abdominal segments III – VII are longer than wider. The length of the two remaining thoracic segments and the first two abdominal segments exceeds their width. Abdominal segments IV – VII with inconspicuous ventral creeping welts. Creeping welts on segments V – VII considerably wider than on segment IV, and their width increases gradually towards the posterior end (Figs 29, 30). Their apical part bears short, pale spinulae.</p><p>Head capsule. Length 1.3 mm, width 0.47 mm. Well-sclerotised, massive, dorsally depressed, narrow, and elongate in shape, partially retracted within the thorax. Lateral margins of the head capsule parallel, posterior parts of the genae are heavily sclerotised (Figs 33, 34). Dorsal sutures short, arched and directed outward. Frontoclypeal suture straight with lateral parts raised. There are two very long setae at the base of each side. Six sensory pits are located around them and one pit near the middle line (Fig. 35). Two sensory pits are located on either side near the middle of the frons (Figs 35, 36). Clypeus wide and trapezoidal, with rounded margins. Labrum saddle-shaped with several sensory structures: one long seta, five short sensory papillae and two pits on the apical part on each side, a short papilla present in the middle (Fig. 36). Epipharynx covered with short dense bristles. Antenna short, reaching to about one fifth of the length of the mandible (Fig. 33). Basal segment cylindrical, twice as long as wide, with sensory pit near the base. There are two very long (slightly longer than the basal segment itself) apical papillae (the inner seta is one third longer than the outer seta) and two very short sensory structures on the apex of the basal segment of the antenna (Fig. 37). Mandible large, heavily sclerotised and sickle-shaped, with three dorsal and four ventral teeth, the apical tooth being the largest (Fig. 38). The first dorsal tooth is very small. The second dorsal tooth is triangular in shape and well developed. The third dorsal tooth is triangular and more than twice as long as the second tooth. The fourth dorsal tooth is large, more than twice as long as the third tooth, triangular in shape, with the apex abruptly narrowed and sharply pointed. Three ventral teeth small and blunt, the fourth tooth long and acute. There are two long setae at the base of the mandible. Maxilla well developed and consist of an outer lobe (palpiger) and inner lobe (galea) (Fig. 39). Palpiger is cylindrical and more prominent, with a large sclerite at the base. Its apical part surrounded by a sclerotised ring. Palpus button-shaped, with a few sensory structures (exact number difficult to determine). There are two sensory pits on the outer margin and one sensory pit on the inner margin of the apical part of the palpiger. Galea finger-shaped, with a large sclerite at the base. Its apical part sclerotised, bearing two long setae and one papilla. Cardo arched, well developed with very long setae and a sensory pit. Hypostoma heavily sclerotised, divided into two plates each of which bears three sharp teeth (Figs 34, 40). Connection between the two plates of the hypostoma without clear separation into push-buttons. The innermost and outermost teeth are similar in size; the middle tooth is significantly shorter. Prementum a flattened plate with protruding lateral lobes and apically bearing short teeth.</p><p>Spiracular disc. Spiracular disc bears two conical, elongate ventral lobes, each almost 3 × as long as its basal width, apically pointed with four long and one medium-long seta on the apex (Fig. 31). Spiracles very small, oval in shape. The distance between them is almost equal to the width of a spiracle. Spiracular disc not covered with setae.</p><p>Anal field. Anus surrounded by four long, segmented, white and fleshy anal papillae (Fig. 32). Papillae finger-shaped and equal in size, almost the same length as the spiracular lobes.</p><p>Elevation.</p><p>From ~ 100–600 m.</p><p>Period of activity.</p><p>Adults fly from late April through the end of August.</p><p>Habitats.</p><p>The larva was collected from mud accumulated on stones beneath leaf litter in a stream. Adults fly close to small fast running springs, small and medium-sized mountainous streams running through rocks, covered with mosses or algae. Usually these streams are surrounded by mixed forests or just pine groves, with sparse grassy vegetation on the ground. They were also found flying around a small spring on a mountainous slope under pine and oak groves.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Currently known only from South Korea (Table 1).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species is named after the type locality, Kalbongsan Natural Recreational Forest.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Adult</p><p>Only six species of Nipponomyia are recorded from the Eastern Palaearctic. They belong to two species groups, the N. kuwanai group and the N. trispinosa group. Based on adult morphology, the new species, together with four other species, belongs to the N. trispinosa species group. Two of these species, N. trispinosa (Alexander, 1920) and N. yakushimensis (Kolcsár &amp; Kato, 2020), can be easily distinguished by the presence of dark spots on the thoracic dorsum. They also differ from N. kalbongsanica Podenas &amp; Podeniene, sp. nov. in wing pattern and venation, as well as in male genitalia. N. gracilis Savchenko, 1983 and N. szechwanensis Alexander, 1935 lack dark spots on the thoracic dorsum, which is brownish yellow to yellow, similar to that of N. kalbongsanica Podenas &amp; Podeniene, sp. nov. N. szechwanensis is known only from Sichuan Province, China. In N. szechwanensis, the wing is narrower and its venation and pattern are distinctly different from those of N. kalbongsanica Podenas &amp; Podeniene, sp. nov.; N. szechwanensis has a shorter Rs, a shorter discal cell, cross-vein m-m transverse and reaching M 2 slightly beyond its base, and the dark stripe extending along the distal margin of the discal cell reduced to a dark spot at the base of R 2 + 3. The male genitalia of N. szechwanensis have a lower apical lobe of the gonocoxite and a very different interbase, which tapers towards the apex, whereas in N. kalbongsanica Podenas &amp; Podeniene, sp. nov. the interbase is wide and flat. N. gracilis is known from the Russian Far East, close to the border with North Korea, and was described from a single specimen. In general, it resembles N. kalbongsanica Podenas &amp; Podeniene, sp. nov., but differs in the wing, male terminalia, and other structures. It has a 15 - segmented antenna, whereas that of N. kalbongsanica Podenas &amp; Podeniene, sp. nov. is 14 - segmented, although the distal segment is probably formed by the fusion of two apical flagellomeres. The wing of N. szechwanensis is narrower; it has a shorter Rs and dark spots at the tips of M, CuA, and CuP on the wing margin, which are absent in N. kalbongsanica Podenas &amp; Podeniene, sp. nov. The male genitalia of N. szechwanensis have the caudal margin of the gonostylus slightly swollen, without a hump, and bear only two large black teeth, whereas those of N. kalbongsanica Podenas &amp; Podeniene, sp. nov. have a hump armed with three strong spines. The distal part of the interbase of N. szechwanensis resembles a bird’s head, with two strong black teeth, whereas in N. kalbongsanica Podenas &amp; Podeniene, sp. nov. it is wide, flat, and plate-shaped. The antennal scape is darker in N. kalbongsanica Podenas &amp; Podeniene, sp. nov., and the tibiae and basitarsi are whitish, whereas in N. szechwanensis they are yellow. In the key of Kolcsár et al. (2020), the new species runs to couplet 7. It differs from N. szechwanensis by having darkened tips of the tibiae. A gonostylus with three spines and the femora are uniformly yellow in both species.</p><p>Larva</p><p>The overall appearance of the larva is similar to that of Heterangaeus and Tricyphona . The body setae vary in length and colouration within Pediciinae, but in Nipponomyia the entire body is covered with very short white pubescence. This character distinguishes it from Heterangaeus .</p><p>Head</p><p>The general structure of the larval head capsule of Nipponomyia is similar to that of other genera in the subfamily, with differences evident in several details. In most known larvae of Pediciinae, the dorsal sutures are short and straight, whereas in Nipponomyia and Heterangaeus they are curved and directed outward. The frontoclypeal suture of Nipponomyia is slightly curved, more curved than in Pedicia and Tricyphona, but less so than in Dicranota . The labrum is saddle-shaped in all Pediciinae, but the number and arrangement of sensory structures differ among genera and species. Two types of antennal length occur in the subfamily: long antennae reaching the apical part of the labrum, and short antennae extending only slightly beyond the base of the mandible. The antennae of Nipponomyia, as well as those of Heterangaeus, Nasiternella, and Pedicia, belong to the latter type. Within Pediciinae, the number and length of apical antennal papillae vary among species within the same genus and therefore cannot be used for generic diagnosis. Mandibles of Pediciinae larvae are large and generally similar in shape. Four ventral teeth of varying sizes and shapes are present in all known species. The dorsal teeth may be well developed or inconspicuous. Nipponomyia, as well as Heterangaeus, Tricyphona, and Nasiternella varinervis, possesses three well-developed dorsal teeth. The structure of the maxilla is generally similar throughout Pediciinae . Differences occur in the size of the cardo and in the degree of reduction of the galea. The cardo is less reduced in Nipponomyia, Heterangaeus, and Pedicia than in Dicranota, Tricyphona, and Nasiternella . The galea is less reduced in Nipponomyia, Heterangaeus, Pedicia, and Tricyphona than in Dicranota and Nasiternella . The hypostoma of Pediciinae larvae consists of two plates, each bearing three (or occasionally four) teeth. These plates may be connected either by a push-button – like articulation or by a continuous connection without a distinct push-button separation. Nipponomyia, Heterangaeus, and some species of Dicranota and Pedicia possess the latter condition.</p><p>Abdomen</p><p>Nipponomyia, as well as Heterangaeus and Tricyphona, possesses four creeping welts on abdominal segments IV – VII. However, in Nipponomyia the welts are inconspicuous and only slightly elevated, whereas in Heterangaeus and Tricyphona all four welts are laterally elevated into distinct humps. Two types of spiracular field occur within Pediciinae . In one type, the spiracular field is entirely covered with long setae; in the other, the area surrounding the spiracles bears short setae, usually much shorter than those covering the spiracular lobes. Nipponomyia, as well as Heterangaeus and Pedicia, belongs to the latter type, with the spiracular field covered with very short setae. In contrast, Tricyphona, Nasiternella regia, and Dicranota possess spiracular fields covered with long setae. In Pediciinae, the spiracles may be situated either on small elevations or at the same level as the spiracular field. In Nipponomyia, as well as in Heterangaeus, Tricyphona, and Nasiternella, the spiracles are located at the same level as the spiracular field. All known larvae of Pediciinae have two ventral spiracular lobes, the length of which varies among genera. Spiracular lobes of Nipponomyia are similar in length to those of Heterangaeus, Pedicia, and Dicranota, being almost 3 × as long as their basal width. In contrast, the spiracular lobes of Tricyphona and Nasiternella are considerably shorter. Larvae of Nipponomyia, Heterangaeus, and Tricyphona possess four segmented anal papillae, but in Nipponomyia these structures are considerably longer.</p><p>Habitats</p><p>Larvae of Nipponomyia, Heterangaeus, and Tricyphona develop in very similar habitats, typically in mud accumulated on stones beneath leaf litter in streams. In contrast, Dicranota usually develops in running water in streams and springs, Pedicia develops in the benthic zone of springs and Nasiternella can be found in rotten wood or water-filled tree holes.</p><p>Phylogenetic analysis</p><p>The South Korean larval specimen and the putative adult specimen were grouped into one cluster in the maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree (Fig. 41). This association is further supported by the low Kimura 2 - parameter (K 2 P) genetic distance between the sequences (0.0163; Table 2).</p><p>Abbreviations: KR 01 Nipponomyia kalbongsanica Podenas, Podeniene, sp. nov. male, GenBank accession no. PZ 235368; KR 26 Nipponomyia kalbongsanica Podenas, Podeniene, sp. nov. larva, GenBank accession no. PZ 235369; MT 874511 Nipponomyia kuwanai voucher Pr 101 (Japan: Hokkaido • 1 ♂; Higashikawa, Asahidake, River Yukomabetsu; alt. 1120 m; 43°39.14'N, 142°48.14'E; 23 Jul. 2019); MT 874512 Nipponomyia trispinosa voucher Pr 102 (Japan: [Hokkaido] • 1 ♂; Hokkaido, Sobetsu, River Benkei; alt. 238 m; 42°33.52'N, 140°59.29'E; 29 Jul. 2019); MT 874513 Nipponomyia trispinosa voucher Pr 103 (Japan: [Shikoku] • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Ehime, Toon, Shiraino waterfall; alt. 685 m; 33°45.54'N, 132°58.16'E; 16 Sep. 2019); MT 874514 Nipponomyia pentacantha voucher Pr 110 (Japan: [Honshu] • 1 ♀; Aomori, Nishimeya, Shirakami Nature observation garden, Kawaratai; alt. 255 m; 40°31.13'N, 140°12.89'E; 4 Jul. 2013); MW 114536 Nipponomyia sp. Nippnew 44.</p><p>Based on morphological evidence, N. kalbongsanica Podenas &amp; Podeniene, sp. nov. belongs to the N. trispinosa species group, whereas the clustering pattern in the ML tree shows a closer relationship with species of the N. kuwanai species group (Fig. 41).</p><p>Moreover, both the K 2 P distances (Table 2) and the ML phylogenetic reconstruction (Fig. 41) indicate that the genetic divergence between the two analysed N. trispinosa sequences representing a male and a female is comparable to the interspecific distances observed among other Nipponomyia species. This result raises additional questions regarding the taxonomic status and possible hidden diversity within N. trispinosa .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4D170FBFA43559F0A0F6B95AF4899A3D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Podenas, Sigitas;Podeniene, Virginija;Havelka, Jekaterina	Podenas, Sigitas, Podeniene, Virginija, Havelka, Jekaterina (2026): First larval description of Nipponomyia Alexander (Diptera, Pediciidae) with a new species from South Korea. ZooKeys 1293: 95-119, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1293.201884
