identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
80D9725FCFEB5876B2C0DB8A4CFCA1B9.text	80D9725FCFEB5876B2C0DB8A4CFCA1B9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aplopeltura boa (Boie 1828)	<div><p>Aplopeltura boa (Boie, 1828)</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Blunt-headed Slug-eating Snake</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 1 individual; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of Bunawan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.932495&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.2225" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.932495/lat 8.2225)">Barangay San Marcos</a>; 08°13'21"N, 125°55'57"E; KU 314129 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>A long, slender-bodied arboreal snake with smooth dorsal scales in 13 rows at midbody, large eyes with round pupils, a laterally compressed head, unusually squarish, blunt snout, ventral body scales larger than dorsal body scales, tail conical or rounded (Weinell et al. 2019), and dorsal body surfaces irregularly patterned in patches of brown, tan, and black.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species is widely distributed across Mindanao PAIC islands (Leviton et al. 2018) and was encountered climbing in shrub layer vegetation on the forest edge, following heavy rain.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/80D9725FCFEB5876B2C0DB8A4CFCA1B9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
222056F14B82528FA6B3E1EA272FC1E1.text	222056F14B82528FA6B3E1EA272FC1E1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Boiga dendrophila subsp. latifasciata (Boulenger 1896)	<div><p>Boiga dendrophila latifasciata (Boulenger, 1896)</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Gold-ringed Cat-eyed Mangrove Snake</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 2 individuals; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of Talacogon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.86972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.396667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.86972/lat 8.396667)">Barangay La Flora</a>; 08°23'48"N, 125°52'11"E; MBS 2209 –10 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>A medium- to large-sized cat-eyed mangrove snake (SVL 561–964 mm) with a vertical pupil and a black body interspersed with yellow crossbands (each ≥ 2 scale rows wide) from neck to tail, becoming wider on the lateral surfaces of the body (Weinell et al. 2019).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species was encountered at night, perched on the upper branches (crown) of a 3 - m tree in a freshwater swamp. The three other Philippine subspecies of Boiga dendrophila include B. d. divergens (Luzon PAIC islands), B. d. multicincta (Palawan PAIC), and B. d. levitoni (West Visayan PAIC), in addition to four non-Philippine subspecies (Weinell et al. 2019; Uetz et al. 2025) — not all of which are consistently supported as monophyletic by Weinell et al. ’ s (2020) recent multilocus phylogenetic analysis of the genus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/222056F14B82528FA6B3E1EA272FC1E1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
BD26051199BA55F6A9269ACEE1B25725.text	BD26051199BA55F6A9269ACEE1B25725.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Brachymeles orientalis Brown & Rabor 1967	<div><p>Brachymeles orientalis Brown &amp; Rabor, 1967</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Southern Burrowing Skink</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 5 individuals; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of San Francisco, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.876945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.403611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.876945/lat 8.403611)">Barangay Caimpugan</a>; 08°24'13"N, 125°52'37"E; KU 314092–96 • 1 individual; Municipality of Talacogon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.757225&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.423612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.757225/lat 8.423612)">Barangay Zillovia</a>; 08°25'25"N, 125°45'26"E; MBS 1760 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>A large-bodied, elongate, semi-fossorial scincid lizard, with relatively small, similarly-sized limbs, a brown dorsum, lacking stripes, and a pale orange venter; hands and feet each with five small digits (6 scansors under Finger III, and 10 under Toe IV). Paired supranasals and prefrontals separated (not in medial contact); frontoparietals in medial contact; six supralabials, with 4 th or 5 th beneath the eye (Siler and Brown 2010).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species occurs in the Caimpugan and Katigbok peat swamp forests of Agusan Marsh. It is one of the pentadactyl Philippine Brachymeles ( B. taylori, B. schadenbergi, B. vindumi, B. suluensis, B. hilong, B. vulcani, B. tiboliorum), and is syntopic with the non-pentadactyl species B. pathfinderi, B. gracilis, B. samad, and B. boholensis — all of which occur across the larger and adjacent islands comprising the Mindanao faunal region (Siler et al. 2011).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD26051199BA55F6A9269ACEE1B25725	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
EC1C6EA2D010589FB4F3A3EFC02A1C1E.text	EC1C6EA2D010589FB4F3A3EFC02A1C1E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysopelea paradisi H. Boie	<div><p>Chrysopelea paradisi H. Boie in F. Boie, 1827</p><p>Fig. 5 L</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Paradise Tree Snake</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 1 juvenile; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of Talacogon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.86972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.396667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.86972/lat 8.396667)">Barangay La Flora</a>; 08°23'48"N, 125°52'11"E; photographic voucher (juvenile) at FSUU (ID in published dataset: FSUU-BIRC- AMWS -TS-337) .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>A “ flying ” snake with a circular pupil, 17 scale rows sat midbody (the outer one [most ventral] with a prominent notch at the hinged margin with ventral) and a black dorsum interspersed with reddish-yellow transverse bars (Weinell et al. 2019).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>We encountered this species in the freshwater swamp forest of Agusan Marsh, where it was active during the day.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC1C6EA2D010589FB4F3A3EFC02A1C1E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
BCAA3BBDB40D5038B286C2664EFF1C41.text	BCAA3BBDB40D5038B286C2664EFF1C41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coelognathus erythrurus subsp. erythrurus (Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril 1854)	<div><p>Coelognathus erythrurus erythrurus (Duméril, Bibron &amp; Duméril, 1854)</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Philippine Rat Snake</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 1 individual; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of Talacogon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.86972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.396667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.86972/lat 8.396667)">Barangay La Flora</a>; 08°23'48"N, 125°52'11"E; MBS 2211 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>A large-sized Rat Snake (SVL 1.131 m) with a circular pupil, dorsal and ventral body color a combination of generally brownish-olive body, yellowish in the nuchal region (visible dorsolaterally on labials), and reddish-brown from midbody to tail; dorsal midbody scales in 21 longitudinal rows, 219 ventral body scales, and 65 subcaudal scales (Weinell et al. 2019).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species was encountered in the freshwater swamp forest of Agusan Marsh. Apart from two other Philippine subspecies (C. e. manillensis [Luzon and Mindoro PAICs, Babuyan and Batanes islands] and C. e. psephenourus [West Visayan PAIC]), the only non-Philippine populations of this species have been recorded on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi (C. e. celebensis; Leviton 1979; Leviton et al. 2018).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BCAA3BBDB40D5038B286C2664EFF1C41	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
C3774D0FFD855242BFB331C8B1373108.text	C3774D0FFD855242BFB331C8B1373108.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cuora philippinensis Blanck, Gaillard, Protiva, Wheatley, Shi, Liu, Ray & Anders 2023	<div><p>Cuora philippinensis Blanck, Gaillard, Protiva, Wheatley, Shi, Liu, Ray &amp; Anders, 2023</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Philippine Box Turtle</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 1 individual; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of Rosario, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.94611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.342777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.94611/lat 8.342777)">Barangay Novele, Sitio Palibo</a>; 08°20'34"N, 125°56'46"E; BIRC 774 • 1 individual; Municipality of Talacogon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.86972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.396667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.86972/lat 8.396667)">Barangay La Flora</a>; 08°23'48"N, 125°52'11"E; MBS 2208 (salvaged) .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>A freshwater box turtle (plastron length 95–139 mm), carapace with vertebral keels and slightly serrated posterior margin, plastron has prominent black nearly completely closing shell in adult, head uniform dark brown above continuing on the neck, a dorsolateral yellow stripe from point of snout, along canthus rostralis, and through the upper part of the orbit, bordered below by a dark brown line which runs through the eye (Taylor 1920 a, b; Diesmos et al. 2008).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species is widely distributed throughout the Philippines and occurs locally in disturbed and cultivated areas adjacent to the freshwater swamp forest of Agusan Marsh. Individuals are often kept as pets by the local people. Recently distinguished from the widespread Southeast Asian species C. amboinensis, the Philippine freshwater box turtle C. philippinensis appears most closely related to populations from Sulawesi and the Moluccas, Indonesia (Blanck et al. 2023).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C3774D0FFD855242BFB331C8B1373108	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
F9E29FE924F85DFAAA23737888661BAA.text	F9E29FE924F85DFAAA23737888661BAA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyrtodactylus annulatus (Taylor 1915)	<div><p>Cyrtodactylus annulatus (Taylor, 1915)</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Annulate Bent-toed Gecko</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 5 individuals; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of San Francisco, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.876945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.403611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.876945/lat 8.403611)">Barangay Caimpugan</a>; 08°24'13"N, 125°52'37"E; KU 314944–46, BIRC 290, MBS 1985 • 8 individuals; Municipality of Talacogon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.757225&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.423612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.757225/lat 8.423612)">Barangay Zillovia</a>; 08°25'25"N, 125°45'26"E; MBS 1455, 1458–59, 1756–59, 1777 • 3 individuals; Municipality of Talacogon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.86972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.396667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.86972/lat 8.396667)">Barangay La Flora</a>; 08°23'48"N, 125°52'11"E; MBS 2178, 2205–06 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>A small-sized bent-toed gekkonid lizard, possessing slender digits (i. e., lacking widely expanded subdigital scansors) with recurved claws, a pale gray dorsum crossed by three dark brown to purple barbell-shaped transverse dorsal bands between limb insertions, and possessing precloacal pores only (i. e., lacking a separate series of femoral pores; Brown and Alcala 1978; Welton et al. 2009; Welton et al. 2010 a, 2010 b).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species is syntopic with C. agusanensis in eastern Mindanao (Welton et al. 2010 b). In Agusan Marsh, C. annulatus occurs in the peat swamp and freshwater swamp forests, where it was encountered on trunks of saplings and understory trees.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F9E29FE924F85DFAAA23737888661BAA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
3A496CC91A34590DA741319C03D08C07.text	3A496CC91A34590DA741319C03D08C07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dendrelaphis marenae Vogel & Van Rooijen 2008	<div><p>Dendrelaphis marenae Vogel &amp; Van Rooijen, 2008</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Maren’s Bronze-back Tree Snake</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 1 individual; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of San Francisco, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.876945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.403611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.876945/lat 8.403611)">Barangay Caimpugan</a>; 08°24'13"N, 125°52'37"E; KU 314130 • 1 individual; Municipality of Rosario, Barangay Novele, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.94611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.342777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.94611/lat 8.342777)">Sitio Palibo</a>; 08°20'34"N, 125°56'46"E; BIRC 862 • 1 ♀; Municipality of Bunawan, Barangay San Marcos; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.918884&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.236112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.918884/lat 8.236112)">confluence of Simulao and Agusan Rivers</a>; 08°14'10"N, 125°55'08"E; BIRC 595 • 1 individual; Municipality of Talacogon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.757225&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.423612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.757225/lat 8.423612)">Barangay Zillovia</a>; 08°25'25"N, 125°45'26"E; MBS 1766 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>A species of Dendrelaphis (SVL 471–683 mm) with a bronze- and black-greenish dorsum, 15 longitudinal rows of dorsal scales at midbody, and vertebral scales that are enlarged relative to other dorsal body scales (Weinell et al. 2019).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This widespread Philippine species occurs throughout the Mindanao PAIC islands of Mindanao, Samar, Leyte, and Bohol (and smaller islands associated with these landmasses (Leviton et al. 2018) and was observed at the edges of peat swamp and freshwater swamp forests of Agusan Marsh.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3A496CC91A34590DA741319C03D08C07	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
3A0F465668D4521EB7CB1BE1BC02E681.text	3A0F465668D4521EB7CB1BE1BC02E681.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dendrelaphis philippinensis (Gunther 1879)	<div><p>Dendrelaphis philippinensis (Günther, 1879)</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Philippine Bronze-back Tree Snake</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 2 ♂, 1 ♀; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of Bunawan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.918884&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.236112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.918884/lat 8.236112)">Barangay San Marcos; confluence of Simulao and Agusan Rivers</a>; 08°14'10"N, 125°55'08"E; BIRC 594, 596, 878 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>A species of Dendrelaphis (SVL 601–660 mm) with 13 longitudinal rows of dorsal scales at midbody, a pale ventrolateral body stripe, and two black longitudinal stripes at midbody: the 1 st between ventral scales and first row of dorsal body scales, and the 2 nd on anterior one-fifth of the body along the border of second and third dorsal body scale rows (Leviton 1968; Weinell et al. 2019).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This widespread southeastern island arc (Mindanao faunal region; it is replaced north of Samar Island by D. luzonensis, the Luzon faunal region endemic) Philippine species (Leviton et al. 2018) occurs in disturbed areas adjacent to peat swamp and freshwater swamp forests of Agusan Marsh.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3A0F465668D4521EB7CB1BE1BC02E681	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
F2B685269710539981FE61D89657B75F.text	F2B685269710539981FE61D89657B75F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Draco bimaculatus (Gunther 1864)	<div><p>Draco bimaculatus (Günther, 1864)</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Two-spotted Flying Lizard</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 3 individuals; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of San Francisco, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.876945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.403611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.876945/lat 8.403611)">Barangay Caimpugan</a>; 08°24'13"N, 125°52'37"E; KU 314088–89, MBS 1971 • 1 individual; Municipality of Talacogon, Lake Kasawangan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.86972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.396667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.86972/lat 8.396667)">Barangay La Flora</a>; 08°23'48"N, 125°52'11"E; MBS 2212 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>A flying lizard with laterally expanded patagia (“ wings ”) on either side of relatively small body (≤ 70 mm SVL), five free ribs support each patagium; a pair of large black spots on either side of head (with white tubercle at the center), and dorsal coloration of the patagia appearing as a blend of green, yellow, and dark brown (Taylor 1922 a; McGuire and Alcala 2000).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>We encountered individuals of this species in the peat swamp forest of Agusan Marsh. This species is one of the five Draco species from Mindanao Island. It occurs sympatrically and syntopically with D. cyanopterus, D. ornatus, and D. guentheri . Draco bimaculatus perches closer to the ground than most other sympatric species and occupies disturbed vegetation such as regenerating forest and coconut palm plantations. Thus, it may be sympatric but not syntopic with the forest species Draco mindanensis (McGuire and Alcala 2000) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F2B685269710539981FE61D89657B75F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
CFB81A0760455BAC9A5024ED0469AFAD.text	CFB81A0760455BAC9A5024ED0469AFAD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Emoia ruficauda Taylor 1915	<div><p>Emoia ruficauda Taylor, 1915</p><p>Fig. 5 F</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Redtail Emo Skink</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 9 individuals; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of Rosario, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.94611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.342777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.94611/lat 8.342777)">Barangay Novele, Sitio Palibo</a>; 08°20'34"N, 125°56'46"E; BIRC 859–60, 863, 866–67, 870, 873–75 • 1 individual; Municipality of Talacogon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.757225&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.423612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.757225/lat 8.423612)">Barangay Zillovia</a>; 08°25'25"N, 125°45'26"E; MBS 1778 • 1 individual; Municipality of Talacogon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.86972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.396667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.86972/lat 8.396667)">Barangay La Flora</a>; 08°23'48"N, 125°52'11"E; MBS 2125 • 5 individuals; Municipality of Loreto, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.868614&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.205555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.868614/lat 8.205555)">Barangay Poblacion</a>; 08°12'20"N, 125°52'07"E; MBS 2243, 2268–71 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>A small-bodied terrestrial skink, hindlimbs substantially larger than forelimbs, possessing a black dorsum, with a golden yellow vertebral stripe from tip of snout to base of tail (which does not merge with the tail color), and a slender, very bright reddish-orange tail (Taylor 1922 a; Brown 1991; Gaulke and Alcala 2009).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species occurs in disturbed areas, with thick vegetation, adjacent to freshwater swamps and in the peat swamp forest (see: Gamalinda et al. 2024) of Agusan Marsh. It is one of the two species of Emoia ( E. atrocostata; see Richmond et al. 2021) that occurs in the Philippines, with a disjunct distribution based on occurrence records from the provinces in southern and western portions of the Mindanao faunal region (Brown and Alcala 1980; Gaulke and Alcala 2009; Sy and Buday 2014; Pitogo et al. 2021).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CFB81A0760455BAC9A5024ED0469AFAD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
23B7D787A81A56B5B865A0C81583DD7C.text	23B7D787A81A56B5B865A0C81583DD7C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eutropis caraga Barley, Diesmos, Siler, Martinez & Brown 2020	<div><p>Eutropis caraga Barley, Diesmos, Siler, Martinez &amp; Brown, 2020</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Caraga Sun Skink</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 4 individuals; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of Bunawan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.932495&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.2225" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.932495/lat 8.2225)">Barangay San Marcos</a>; 08°13'21"N, 125°55'57"E; KU 314105–07, 314098 • 1 juvenile; Municipality of Talacogon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.757225&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.423612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.757225/lat 8.423612)">Barangay Zillovia</a>; 08°25'25"N, 125°45'26"E; MBS 1755 • 1 individual; Municipality of Talacogon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.86972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.396667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.86972/lat 8.396667)">Barangay La Flora</a>; 08°23'48"N, 125°52'11"E; MBS 2184 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>A medium-sized terrestrial sun skink of the E. multicarinata complex (Brown and Alcala 1980), hindlimbs more robust than forelimbs, with a slender iridescent bronze dorsum, dark lateral coloration, and ≥ 5 keels on each dorsal trunk scale; this species has a combined total of 80–90 subdigital lamellae on the ventral surfaces of fingers and toes (Barley et al. 2020).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species occurs in disturbed areas with sparse vegetation adjacent to freshwater swamps and was also encountered in peat swamp forests of Agusan Marsh. Although some species in the E. multicarinata species complex (including E. caraga) can be difficult to distinguish from one another without genetic data or reliable occurrence data (known localities), the suite of non-overlapping morphological characteristics evident in our series of E. caraga from Agusan Marsh clearly distinguishes this population from species in the E. indeprensa complex (including E. lapulapu, below; Brown and Alcala 1980). Additionally, some of our specimens have been genetically identified (as an independent validation of the identifications we made based on morphological characters) and were designated by Barley et al. (2020) as paratypes in the descriptions of E. caraga . Lastly, populations from Dinagat and Siargao (small separate islands of eastern Mindanao) are demonstrably genetically distinct (Barley et al. 2020) and should be the focus of future taxonomic scrutiny.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/23B7D787A81A56B5B865A0C81583DD7C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
BDD3289957C556CBB4E60EB4993748F3.text	BDD3289957C556CBB4E60EB4993748F3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eutropis lapulapu Barley, Diesmos, Siler, Martinez & Brown 2020	<div><p>Eutropis lapulapu Barley, Diesmos, Siler, Martinez &amp; Brown, 2020</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Lapu – lapu’s Sun Skink</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 1 individual; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of San Francisco, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.876945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.403611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.876945/lat 8.403611)">Barangay Caimpugan</a>; 08°24'13"N, 125°52'37"E; KU 314104 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>A small- to medium-sized terrestrial sun skink of the E. indeprensa complex (Brown and Alcala 1980), with hindlimbs more robust than forelimbs, and a bronze to olive dorsum, ≤ 9 keels per dorsal body scales, and with a combined total of 70–80 subdigital lamellae on ventral surfaces of fingers and toes (Barley et al. 2020).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species occurs in the peat swamp forests of Agusan Marsh. It is widespread in the Mindanao faunal region, but it also occurs on southern Luzon, Cebu, and Panay (Barley et al. 2020). Although some species in the E. indeprensa species complex (including E. lapulapu) can be difficult to distinguish from one another without genetic data or reliable occurrence data (known localities), the suite of non-overlapping morphological characteristics evident in our series of E. lapulapu from Agusan Marsh clearly distinguishes this population from species in the E. multicarinata complex (including E. caraga, above; Brown and Alcala 1980). Additionally, a portion of our specimens from Agusan Marsh have had their identifications genetically confirmed (as an independent check, or validation of our identification, which were based on morphology), and were designated by Barley et al. (2020) as paratypes in the descriptions of E. lapulapu .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BDD3289957C556CBB4E60EB4993748F3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
C40154BD62BC58DF8671562FDDF9D508.text	C40154BD62BC58DF8671562FDDF9D508.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eutropis multifasciata (Kuhl 1820)	<div><p>Eutropis multifasciata (Kuhl, 1820)</p><p>Fig. 5 G</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Common Sun Skink</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 1 individual; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of San Francisco, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.876945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.403611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.876945/lat 8.403611)">Barangay Caimpugan</a>; 08°24'13"N, 125°52'37"E; KU 314099 • 2 individuals; Municipality of Bunawan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.932495&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.403611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.932495/lat 8.403611)">Barangay San Marcos</a>; 08°13'21"N, 125°55'57"E; KU 314100, 314103 ; 2 individuals; same locality as for preceding; 08°24'13"N, 125°55'57"E; KU 314101–02 • 1 individual; Municipality of Rosario, Barangay Novele, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.94611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.342777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.94611/lat 8.342777)">Sitio Palibo</a>; 08°20'34"N, 125°56'46"E; BIRC 872 • 2 individuals; Municipality of Talacogon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.757225&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.423612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.757225/lat 8.423612)">Barangay Zillovia</a>; 08°25'25"N, 125°45'26"E; MBS 1456, 1460 • 5 individuals; Municipality of Talacogon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.86972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.396667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.86972/lat 8.396667)">Barangay La Flora</a>; 08°23'48"N, 125°52'11"E; MBS 2121, 2126, 2146, 2165, 2184 • 3 individuals; Municipality of Loreto, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.868614&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.205555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.868614/lat 8.205555)">Barangay Poblacion</a>; 08°12'20"N, 125°52'07"E; MBS 2236, 2254–55 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>A very large-bodied terrestrial sun skink, hindlimbs larger than forelimbs, with a robust, thickened body, and proportionally long tail. Dorsum olive brown to gray, with dark dorsolateral stripes; venter cream to pale gray; most dorsal and lateral body scales with three weak keels (Barley et al. 2020).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species is common in disturbed areas adjacent to, and in freshwater swamps, and individuals were also encountered in the peat swamp forest of Agusan Marsh. It is widespread throughout the various islands of the Philippine archipelago (Brown and Alcala 1980; Barley et al. 2014, 2015).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C40154BD62BC58DF8671562FDDF9D508	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
B1DFECBAADD05047A6B1CFEC4A4C33BE.text	B1DFECBAADD05047A6B1CFEC4A4C33BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fejervarya vittigera (Weigmann 1824)	<div><p>Fejervarya vittigera (Weigmann, 1824)</p><p>Fig. 4 D</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Philippine Pond Frog</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 3 individuals; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of Bunawan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.924995&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.206667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.924995/lat 8.206667)">Barangay San Marcos; confluence of Simulao and Agusan Rivers</a>; 08°13'21"N, 125°55'57"E; KU 314051–53 ; 4 individuals; same locality data as for preceding; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.924995&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.206667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.924995/lat 8.206667)">Sitio Mambalili</a>; 08°12'24"N, 125°55'30"E; BIRC 834, 840–42 • 6 individuals; same locality data as for preceding; 08°12'24"N, 125°55'30"E; BIRC 599–601, 627–29 • 7 individuals; Municipality of Loreto, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.868614&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.205555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.868614/lat 8.205555)">Barangay Poblacion</a>; 08°12'20"N, 125°52'07"E; MBS 2232–35, 2237–39 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>An olive gray dorsum, a pale vertebral line from snout to cloaca occasionally present (absent in most individuals), visible bright yellow bars on hindlimbs or groin region surfaces, dorsal surface of digits smooth, and the absence (vs present in F. moodiei) of a flap of skin on the outer surface of the tarsus and outer (fifth) toe (Taylor 1920 a; Inger 1954; Alcala and Brown 1998; Diesmos et al. 2015).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>In Agusan Marsh, individuals occur in and along irrigation channels of rice fields, and in quiet pools of water adjacent to small creeks and rivers.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B1DFECBAADD05047A6B1CFEC4A4C33BE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
AB478A9C3FB95FCFB9389D3FD5FD81DC.text	AB478A9C3FB95FCFB9389D3FD5FD81DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gehyra mutilata (Wiegmann 1834)	<div><p>Gehyra mutilata (Wiegmann, 1834)</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Stump-tailed Gecko</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 1 individual; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of Rosario, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.94611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.342777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.94611/lat 8.342777)">Barangay Novele, Sitio Palibo</a>; 08°20'34"N, 125°56'46"E; BIRC 871 • 2 individuals; Municipality of Talacogon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.86972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.396667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.86972/lat 8.396667)">Barangay La Flora</a>; 08°23'48"N, 125°52'11"E; MBS 2147–48 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>A small-bodied house gecko, readily identified by its chubby tail (subcylindrical in cross section; ventral surface of tail flattened), which lacks spinose tubercles, homogeneous dorsal body scalation, dorsum pinkish brown, and possesses expanded subdigital scansors underneath the surfaces of fingers and toes configured into a rounded distal adhesive pad when viewed in ventral aspect (Brown and Alcala 1978).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species possesses a distinctive microhabitat preference; it is typically observed in darker areas, on tree trunks or branches, or on man-made structures, but away from lights (unlike other house geckos). In Agusan Marsh, we encountered this species on an abandoned floating house in the freshwater swamp forest.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AB478A9C3FB95FCFB9389D3FD5FD81DC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
766BD89ABD7657BBABF25BC84A71FC51.text	766BD89ABD7657BBABF25BC84A71FC51.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gonocephalus semperi (Peters 1867)	<div><p>Gonocephalus semperi (Peters, 1867)</p><p>Fig. 5 A</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Southern Philippine Angle-head Forest Dragon</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 1 individual; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of Talacogon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.757225&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.423612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.757225/lat 8.423612)">Barangay Zillovia</a>; 08°25'25"N, 125°45'26"E; MBS 1457 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>This is a moderate-sized species, typical appearance to other taxa in the G. belli group: it possesses a large head with hypertrophied jaw closure musculature, powerful hindlimbs larger than forelimbs, a large nuchal crest, consisting of enlarged, variably elongated, pointed, and sometimes recurved scales, and which is usually separated by a gap (crest scales absent, or interrupted), from a second, lower vertebral crest (consisting of smaller, less enlarged, dorsal pointed scales), which extends for some length of the trunk. Tail with alternating dark and pale pigmentation, occurring in bands, for the first proximal 50 % of its length. Large, mature males typically exhibit bright blue eye coloration (Taylor 1922 a; Welton et al. 2017).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species is active during the day but is typically encountered at night while sleeping in a head-up position while grasping trunks of saplings, typically in the vicinity of streams and rivers. In Agusan Marsh, we encountered this species in the Katigbok peat swamp forest.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/766BD89ABD7657BBABF25BC84A71FC51	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
9D04A1CCD6EA56E6A79C395513A90720.text	9D04A1CCD6EA56E6A79C395513A90720.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemidactylus frenatus (Dumeril & Bibron 1836)	<div><p>Hemidactylus frenatus (Duméril &amp; Bibron, 1836)</p><p>Fig. 5 C</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Common House Gecko</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 2 individuals; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of Rosario, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.94611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.342777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.94611/lat 8.342777)">Barangay Novele, Sitio Palibo</a>; 08°20'34"N, 125°56'46"E; BIRC 876, 780 • 1 individual; Municipality of Bunawan, Barangay San Marcos; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.918884&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.236112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.918884/lat 8.236112)">confluence of the Simulao and Agusan Rivers</a>; 08°14'10"N, 125°55'08"E; BIRC 805 • 5 individuals; Municipality of Talacogon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.86972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.396667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.86972/lat 8.396667)">Barangay La Flora</a>; 08°23'48"N, 125°52'11"E; MBS 2163–64, 2175–77 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>A small-bodied house gecko, with a grayish brown to pale brown body, dorsum with small scales and enlarged flat tubercles, and a cylindrical tail (in cross section) with spinose dorsal tail tubercles, and subdigital lamellae underneath fingers and toes forming an elongate, oblong adhesive pad (Taylor 1922 a; Brown and Alcala 1978).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species is widespread in the Philippine archipelago and is commonly found in disturbed forested areas close to or inside houses and other artificial structures within human habitations, and typically under electric lights, where they forage for insects. We encountered individuals of this species on an abandoned house and vegetation in the freshwater swamp forest of Agusan Marsh.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9D04A1CCD6EA56E6A79C395513A90720	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
80A9EE645F2B523F8C1C301D8253D70C.text	80A9EE645F2B523F8C1C301D8253D70C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemiphyllodactylus typus Bleeker 1860	<div><p>Hemiphyllodactylus typus Bleeker, 1860</p><p>Indo-Pacific Slender Gecko Fig. 5 D</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 3 individuals; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of San Francisco, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.876945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.403611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.876945/lat 8.403611)">Barangay Caimpugan</a>; 08°24'13"N, 125°52'37"E; KU 314090–91, MBS 1995 • 1 individual; Municipality of Bunawan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.918884&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.236112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.918884/lat 8.236112)">Barangay San Marcos; confluence of Simulao and Agusan Rivers</a>; 08°14'10"N, 125°55'08"E; BIRC 877 • 9 individuals (5 ♀, 4 unsexed) Municipality of Talacogon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.86972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.396667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.86972/lat 8.396667)">Barangay La Flora</a>; 08°23'48"N, 125°52'11"E; MBS 2189–97 • 2 individuals; Municipality of Loreto, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.868614&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.205555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.868614/lat 8.205555)">Barangay Poblacion</a>; 08°12'20"N, 125°52'07"E; MBS 2221, 2252 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>A very small bodied forest gecko, with a conspicuously elongate, slender body, a prominent lateral stripe from eye to anterior trunk, a dusky tan dorsum (becomes darker when disturbed) with dark blotches in middorsal and postsacral regions, bordered by pale beige transverse bar, creating a distinct coloration transition between the trunk and tail; dorsal scalation homogeneous, and distal subdigital scansors divided (Taylor 1922 a; Brown and Alcala 1978; Zug 2010).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>During our surveys, we found this species to be common in the freshwater swamp forest of Agusan Marsh. Like other gekkonids (e. g., Hemidactylus, Gehyra), H. typus successfully spread via human transport in many islands in the Indo-Pacific Region (Zug 2010; Deso et al. 2020). The Agusan population has been included in a phylogenetic analysis, based on mitochondrial gene sequences, which confirmed its identification as “ true ” H. typus (Grismer et al. 2013) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/80A9EE645F2B523F8C1C301D8253D70C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
D7469D7B76C95DCB8EC02ECE81369872.text	D7469D7B76C95DCB8EC02ECE81369872.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hoplobatrachus rugulosus (Osbeck 1765)	<div><p>Hoplobatrachus rugulosus (Osbeck, 1765)</p><p>Fig. 4 E</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Taiwanese Bullfrog</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 1 individual; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of Talacogon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.757225&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.423612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.757225/lat 8.423612)">Barangay Zillovia</a>; 08°25'25"N, 125°45'26"E; MBS 1461 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>A stocky body and dark yellowish-brown dorsum covered with numerous short ridges (Diesmos et al. 2006, 2015).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Like other invasive alien species, H. rugulosus occurs in areas converted for agriculture, at sites surrounding peat swamp forest, and freshwater swamps of Agusan Marsh.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D7469D7B76C95DCB8EC02ECE81369872	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
3BB0E5D9ECEB59459853EAFC71400DD0.text	3BB0E5D9ECEB59459853EAFC71400DD0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydrosaurus pustulatus (Eschscholtz 1829)	<div><p>Hydrosaurus pustulatus (Eschscholtz, 1829)</p><p>Fig. 5 B</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Philippine Sailfin Lizard</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 1 juvenile; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of Rosario, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.894165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.328055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.894165/lat 8.328055)">Sitio Sabang – Gibong; Agusan River</a>; 08°19'41"N, 125°53'39"E; BIRC 0777 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>A large agamid lizard (SVL 95 mm) with hindlimbs larger than forelimbs, greatly expanded subdigital lamellae underneath the toes, and possessing a unique, prominent, laterally compressed dorsal fin (“ sail ”) with serrated dorsal edges, extending variably, from above the hips to ≥ 25 % proximal length of the tail (Taylor 1922 a).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>A riparian corridor and mangrove forest species (Siler et al. 2014), H. pustulatus occurs in overhanging trees, along banks of tributary streams and rivers adjacent to agricultural areas surrounding the freshwater swamp forest of Agusan Marsh.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3BB0E5D9ECEB59459853EAFC71400DD0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
06EB928D8C725220A6735915DC5CF739.text	06EB928D8C725220A6735915DC5CF739.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Indosylvirana nicobariensis (Stoliczka 1870)	<div><p>Indosylvirana nicobariensis (Stoliczka, 1870)</p><p>Fig. 4 J, K</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Nicobar Island Frog</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 1 individual; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of San Francisco, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.876945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.403611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.876945/lat 8.403611)">Barangay Caimpugan</a>; 08°24'13"N, 125°52'37"E; MBS 1970 • 9 individuals; Municipality of Rosario, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.894165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.328055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.894165/lat 8.328055)">Sitio Sabang – Gibong</a>; 08°19'41"N, 125°53'39"E; BIRC 587–88, 591–93, 817–20 • 10 individuals; Municipality of Bunawan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.918884&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.236112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.918884/lat 8.236112)">Barangay San Marcos; confluence of Simulao and Agusan Rivers</a>; 08°14'10"N, 125°55'08"E; BIRC 0610, 825–29, 850–53 • 4 individuals; Municipality of Talacogon, Lake Kasawangan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.86972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.396667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.86972/lat 8.396667)">Barangay La Flora</a>; 08°23'48"N, 125°52'11"E; MBS 2142–43, 2150, 2188 • 2 individuals; Municipality of Loreto, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.868614&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.205555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.868614/lat 8.205555)">Barangay Poblacion</a>; 08°12'20"N, 125°52'07"E; MBS 2219, 2241 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>A highly pointed snout, a bronze-brown dorsum, bright white markings present on the upper lip, prominent humeral glands positioned on the anteroventral surface of arms, and a creamy venter (Inger 1954; Diesmos et al. 2015; Chandramouli et al. 2020).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This introduced species is now very common, apparently ubiquitously distributed, and was observed in dense aggregations actively calling from floating vegetation in freshwater swamps. It also occurs in the peat swamp forest of the Agusan Marsh, where it was observed in smaller choruses of fewer individuals. It is widespread in Southeast Asia, with historical records from the Palawan PAIC (Dumaran Island; Inger 1954) and the Sulu faunal regions (Diesmos et al. 2015), and apparently has been introduced into Agusan Marsh at some point over the last century, from an unknown source; this species is widespread on the land masses of the Sunda Shelf (Malaysia, Indonesia). Recent recognition of the species as a distinct genus Bijurana (Chandramouli et al. 2020) has been refuted (Oliver et al. 2015; Chan et al. 2020 a), and the newly proposed genus has been placed in synonymy with Indosylvirana . Thus, we recognize I. nicobariensis (Frost 2025; Chan et al. 2020 b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/06EB928D8C725220A6735915DC5CF739	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
D119AECB0BF15F1897D4DBB70198EC88.text	D119AECB0BF15F1897D4DBB70198EC88.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kalophrynus sinensis Peters 1867	<div><p>Kalophrynus sinensis Peters, 1867</p><p>Fig. 4 G</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Philippine Sticky Frog</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 2 individuals; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of San Francisco, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.876945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.403611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.876945/lat 8.403611)">Barangay Caimpugan</a>; 08°24'13"N, 125°52'37"E; KU 314054–55 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Municipality of Talacogon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.757225&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.423612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.757225/lat 8.423612)">Barangay Zillovia</a>; 08°25'25"N, 125°45'26"E; MBS 1775–76 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>A creamy, brownish dorsum, possessing a dark X-shaped color pattern from each eyelid to the opposite groin region, two dark circular inguinal spots present, and a tan to pink venter with scattered dark pigmentation (Taylor 1920 a; Inger 1954; Alcala and Brown 1998; Diesmos et al. 2015).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species occurs in the Katigbok and Caimpugan peat swamp forests of Agusan Marsh.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D119AECB0BF15F1897D4DBB70198EC88	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
44EBEE54414F5DFFA18F701745A63C9D.text	44EBEE54414F5DFFA18F701745A63C9D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kaloula picta (Dumeril & Bibron 1841)	<div><p>Kaloula picta (Duméril &amp; Bibron, 1841)</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Philippine Narrowmouth Toad</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines – Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province • Municipality of Bunawan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.932495&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.2225" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.932495/lat 8.2225)">Barangay San Marcos</a>; 08°13'21"N, 125°55'57"E; KU 314056–57 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>An olive brown dorsum, possessing a distinct, large, irregular, variable dark medial blotch or irregular, elongate marking, a pale brown to pinkish-tan venter, and webbed toes with non-expanded to only slightly expanded terminal discs (Taylor 1920 a; Inger 1954; Alcala and Brown 1998; Diesmos et al. 2015).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species occurs in areas adjacent to open river systems in the swamps of Agusan Marsh.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/44EBEE54414F5DFFA18F701745A63C9D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
CA423D71057D5277ADE38F0936B4566B.text	CA423D71057D5277ADE38F0936B4566B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kaloula pulchra Gray 1831	<div><p>Kaloula pulchra Gray, 1831</p><p>Fig. 4 H</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Malaysian Narrowmouth Toad</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 1 individual; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of Bunawan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.918884&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.236112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.918884/lat 8.236112)">Barangay San Marcos; confluence of Simulao and Agusan Rivers</a>; 08°14'10"N, 125°55'08"E; BIRC 831 • 1 individual; Municipality of Talacogon, Lake Kasawangan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.86972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.396667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.86972/lat 8.396667)">Barangay La Flora</a>; 08°23'48"N, 125°52'11"E; MBS 2159 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>A variable, dark brown dorsum with darker and paler areas, beige-colored dorsolateral bands on each side of the body extending from behind the eye to the inguinal area, and a mottled venter (Sengupta et al. 2009; Diesmos et al. 2015).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>In Agusan Marsh, individuals of this species occur in agricultural areas adjacent to peat swamp forest and freshwater swamps. This invasive alien species is widespread in the Philippines (Diesmos et al. 2015), with an expanding population trend (Diesmos et al. 2006; Pili et al. 2019).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CA423D71057D5277ADE38F0936B4566B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
D5FD6300037F5AF0B2D1A8354D43A589.text	D5FD6300037F5AF0B2D1A8354D43A589.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kurixalus appendiculatus (Gunther 1858)	<div><p>Kurixalus appendiculatus (Günther, 1858)</p><p>Fig. 4 L</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Frilled Tree Frog</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 1 individual; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of San Francisco, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.876945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.403611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.876945/lat 8.403611)">Barangay Caimpugan</a>; 08°24'13"N, 125°52'37"E; KU 314087 • 2 individuals; Municipality of Rosario, Barangay Novele, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.94611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.342777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.94611/lat 8.342777)">Sitio Palibo</a>; 08°20'34"N, 125°56'46"E; BIRC 584, 815 • 14 individuals; Municipality of Bunawan, Barangay San Marcos; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.918884&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.236112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.918884/lat 8.236112)">confluence of Simulao and Agusan Rivers</a>; 08°14'10"N, 125°55'08"E; BIRC 612–15, BIRC 822–24, 843–49 • 1 individual; Municipality of Loreto, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.868614&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.205555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.868614/lat 8.205555)">Barangay Poblacion</a>; 08°12'20"N, 125°52'07"E; MBS 2231 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>A pale brown, pale gray, or dark gray dorsum, cream to yellow venter, and frilled dermal projections or slight fringes along lateral edges of forearms, tarsi, and feet (Inger 1954; Brown and Alcala 1994; Alcala and Brown 1998; Haas et al. 2018).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Numerous individuals of this species occur in areas adjacent to open river systems in freshwater swamps in Agusan Marsh. Populations of this species occur in the eastern island arc of the Philippines (Gonzalez et al. 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D5FD6300037F5AF0B2D1A8354D43A589	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
E55CA15E2432524886A89BFB1B594043.text	E55CA15E2432524886A89BFB1B594043.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lamprolepis smaragdina (Lesson 1829)	<div><p>Lamprolepis smaragdina (Lesson, 1829)</p><p>Fig. 5 H</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Green Tree Skink</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 2 individuals; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of Bunawan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.932495&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.2225" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.932495/lat 8.2225)">Barangay San Marcos</a>; 08°13'21"N, 125°55'57"E; KU 314108–09 • 1 individual; Municipality of Rosario, Barangay Novele, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.94611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.342777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.94611/lat 8.342777)">Sitio Palibo</a>; 08°20'34"N, 125°56'46"E; BIRC 768 • 1 ♀; Municipality of Bunawan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.918884&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.236112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.918884/lat 8.236112)">Barangay San Marcos; confluence of Simulao and Agusan Rivers</a>; 08°14'10"N, 125°55'08"E; BIRC 626 • 1 individual; Municipality of Talacogon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.757225&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.423612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.757225/lat 8.423612)">Barangay Zillovia</a>; 08°25'25"N, 125°45'26"E; MBS 1454 • 7 individuals; Municipality of Talacogon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.86972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.396667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.86972/lat 8.396667)">Barangay La Flora</a>; 08°23'48"N, 125°52'11"E; MBS 2116, 2124, 2179–83 • 2 individuals; Municipality of Loreto, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.868614&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.205555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.868614/lat 8.205555)">Barangay Poblacion</a>; 08°12'20"N, 125°52'07"E; MBS 2256–57 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>A large-bodied arboreal skink, with a slender, elongate body, long tail, and acutely pointed snout, and a uniquely enlarged, bright orange heel scale present in males; this species has an emerald green anterior half of the body, fading to gray or brown posteriorly, on dorsal surfaces of trunk and hindlimbs; venter pale greenish cream (Taylor 1922 a; Brown and Alcala 1980).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species inhabits disturbed areas adjacent to freshwater swamp and peat swamp forests of Agusan Marsh. Taylor (1922 a) previously recognized this species as Dasia smaragdinum (in addition to two other subspecies: D. olivaceum olivaceum and D. olivaceum semicincta), but it has since been revised to L. smaragdina (Brown and Alcala 1980), which is known to consist of two deeply divergent clades (not each other’s closest relatives), most likely representing two separate invasions of the archipelago. Our specimen likely belongs to the clade documented from Mindanao, Palawan, Camiguin Sur, Siquijor, and the Indonesian island of Salibabu (Linkem et al. 2013); the other monophyletic and phylogenetically distinct clade is widely distributed throughout most of the remaining islands spanning the archipelago (Linkem et al. 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E55CA15E2432524886A89BFB1B594043	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
A1429FD55EE251F6BB33D5E32046CD4A.text	A1429FD55EE251F6BB33D5E32046CD4A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lepidodactylus aureolineatus Taylor 1915	<div><p>Lepidodactylus aureolineatus Taylor, 1915</p><p>Fig. 5 E</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Goldenscaly-toed Gecko</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 6 individuals; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of Talacogon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.86972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.396667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.86972/lat 8.396667)">Barangay La Flora</a>; 08°23'48"N, 125°52'11"E; MBS 2117, 2122, 2169–71, 2207 • 4 individuals; Municipality of Loreto, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.868614&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.205555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.868614/lat 8.205555)">Barangay Poblacion</a>; 08°12'20"N, 125°52'07"E; MBS 2261 –64 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>A small-bodied mourning gecko, with a prominent white stripe from snout to forelimb insertion, a yellow dorsum (changes to brown when disturbed), and a tail with denticulate ventrolateral fringes, consisting of slightly enlarged, laterally pointed scales (Taylor 1922 a; Brown and Alcala 1978).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>During our surveys, this species appeared to be common in the freshwater swamp forest of Agusan Marsh, where it was found perched on trunks, branches, or concealed among leaves of dense vines, covering tree trunks, surrounded by swamp water.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A1429FD55EE251F6BB33D5E32046CD4A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
65A2753EA2845D388CB844185BE1E8CB.text	65A2753EA2845D388CB844185BE1E8CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnonectes leytensis (Boettger 1893)	<div><p>Limnonectes leytensis (Boettger, 1893)</p><p>Fig. 4 F</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Leyte Fanged Frog</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 7 individuals; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of Rosario, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.94611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.342777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.94611/lat 8.342777)">Barangay Novele; Sitio Palibo</a>; 08°20'34"N, 125°56'46"E; BIRC 807–13 • 3 individuals; Municipality of Bunawan, Barangay San Marcos; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.918884&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.236112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.918884/lat 8.236112)">confluence of Simulao and Agusan Rivers</a>; 08°14'10"N, 125°55'08"E; KU 314059–61 • 11 individuals; same locality data as for preceding; 08°14'10"N, 125°55'08"E; BIRC 611, 630, 632–34, 836, 854–58 • 4 individuals; Municipality of Talacogon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.757225&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.423612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.757225/lat 8.423612)">Barangay Zillovia</a>; 08°25'25"N, 125°45'26"E; MBS 1753, 1771–73 • 2 individuals; Municipality of Loreto, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.868614&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.205555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.868614/lat 8.205555)">Barangay Poblacion</a>; 08°12'20"N, 125°52'07"E; MBS 2220, 2240 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>A dark olive brown or gray dorsum, a distinct inverted V-shaped fold in the scapular region, a bar of dark pigmentation spanning the space between the upper eyelids, dorsal surface of digits with a groove / fold, and dark transverse crossbars on hindlimbs (Taylor 1920 a; Inger 1954; Alcala and Brown 1998; Diesmos et al. 2015).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>In Agusan Marsh, individuals occur in converted and abandoned agricultural areas contiguous with peat swamps with Terminalia trees and in freshwater swamps adjacent to rivers and creeks.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/65A2753EA2845D388CB844185BE1E8CB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
F544B0F8743A55038E2945E8735C2CB5.text	F544B0F8743A55038E2945E8735C2CB5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lipinia pulchella (Gray 1845)	<div><p>Lipinia pulchella (Gray, 1845)</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Beautiful Lipinia</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 3 individuals; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of Bunawan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.932495&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.2225" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.932495/lat 8.2225)">Barangay San Marcos</a>; 08°13'21"N, 125°55'57"E; KU 314121–23 • 14 individuals; Municipality of San Francisco, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.876945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.403611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.876945/lat 8.403611)">Barangay Caimpugan</a>; 08°24'13"N, 125°52'37"E; KU 314110–20, MBS 1972 –73, 1984 • 3 individuals; Municipality of Rosario, Barangay Novele, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.94611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.342777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.94611/lat 8.342777)">Sitio Palibo</a>; 08°20'34"N, 125°56'46"E; BIRC 861, 868–69 • 1 individual; Municipality of Loreto, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.868614&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.205555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.868614/lat 8.205555)">Barangay Poblacion</a>; 08°12'20"N, 125°52'07"E; MBS 2224 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>A small-bodied arboreal tree skink, with an elongate, slender body, thin limbs (hindlimbs larger), acutely pointed snout, pale brown dorsum with a yellow middorsal stripe, and with long slender digits (24–31 subdigital lamellae under toe IV) and an exposed tympanum (external auricular opening visible) (Taylor 1922 a; Brown and Alcala 1980; Das and Austin 2007).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species occurs in the peat swamp forest of Agusan Marsh, where it can be found among branches or hiding among leaves of vines covering small trees, surrounded by water.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F544B0F8743A55038E2945E8735C2CB5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
88E3D6BF1DBD5D1C8759D2504FD7D837.text	88E3D6BF1DBD5D1C8759D2504FD7D837.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lipinia quadrivittata (Peters 1867)	<div><p>Lipinia quadrivittata (Peters, 1867)</p><p>Fig. 5 I</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Four-striped Lipinia</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 2 individuals; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of San Francisco, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.876945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.403611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.876945/lat 8.403611)">Barangay Caimpugan</a>; 08°24'13"N, 125°52'37"E; KU 314124–25 • 8 individuals; Municipality of Talacogon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.86972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.396667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.86972/lat 8.396667)">Barangay La Flora</a>; 08°23'48"N, 125°52'11"E; MBS 2119–20, 2123, 2161, 2201–04 • 9 individuals; Municipality of Loreto, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.868614&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.205555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.868614/lat 8.205555)">Barangay Poblacion</a>; 08°12'20"N, 125°52'07"E; MBS 2213–14, 2223, 2225–26, 2244–47 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>A small-bodied arboreal tree skink, with an elongate, slender body, thin limbs (hindlimbs larger), moderately pointed snout, and a brown dorsum marked with four distinct dark longitudinal stripes (two each on each side of the spine, from eye to base of tail), a hidden tympanum (external auricular opening absent), and 15 or 16 lamellae under toe IV (Taylor 1922 a; Brown and Alcala 1980).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species is found on the bark of trees in the peat swamp forest of Agusan Marsh and was frequently observed and / or captured among the ferns of trees inundated by swamp water.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/88E3D6BF1DBD5D1C8759D2504FD7D837	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
41CD0E73283253809507289FB7F4730D.text	41CD0E73283253809507289FB7F4730D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lipinia semperi (Peters 1867)	<div><p>Lipinia semperi (Peters, 1867)</p><p>Fig. 5 J</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Semper’s Lipinia</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 6 individuals; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province; Municipality of Loreto, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.868614&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.205555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.868614/lat 8.205555)">Barangay Poblacion</a>; 08°12'20"N, 125°52'07"E; MBS 2248 –50, 2272–74 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>A small arboreal tree skink (relatively large for a species of Lipinia), with a more robust, broader trunk and thicker limbs (hindlimbs larger), dorsum brown-olive to dark brown with four dorsolateral black stripes (2 on each side of the spine), extending from tip of snout, or the eyes, narrowing posteriorly, to a point ~ ¾ the length of the axilla-groin region, then fading to become indistinguishable from background pigmentation. Prefrontals not in contact, tympanum exposed, four supraoculars, and seven supralabials (5 th beneath the center of eye), 24 pad-like lamellae beneath toe IV, and a pale brown venter (Taylor 1922 a; Brown and Alcala 1980).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species appears to be common in the freshwater swamp forest of the Agusan Marsh, where it was frequently observed and / or captured among branches or while hiding on vines covering small understory saplings inundated by swamp water.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41CD0E73283253809507289FB7F4730D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
5187C1D2337154F1B34F772C5BE8A14B.text	5187C1D2337154F1B34F772C5BE8A14B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Naja samarensis Peters 1861	<div><p>Naja samarensis Peters, 1861</p><p>Fig. 5 N</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Samar Cobra</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 2 individuals; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of Talacogon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.86972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.396667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.86972/lat 8.396667)">Barangay La Flora</a>; 08°23'48"N, 125°52'11"E; MBS 2144 –45 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>A large-sized snake with a distinctly expandable flattened “ hood ” when threatened in life, and with a black dorsum interspersed with yellow anterior ventral body scales followed by black bands that gradually fade posteriorly, three postocular scales, a postnasal scale that is separate from the prefrontal scale, 17–19 longitudinal rows of dorsal scales at midbody, and 162–168 ventral body scales (Leviton 1964; Weinell et al. 2019).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species is widespread among Mindanao PAIC landmasses and was encountered and captured in forest and agricultural areas — but was also observed twice swimming in the water of seasonally inundated freshwater swamp forests of Agusan Marsh.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5187C1D2337154F1B34F772C5BE8A14B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
E842214836BB55F1923B990E2EB9F74E.text	E842214836BB55F1923B990E2EB9F74E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nyctixalus spinosus (Taylor 1920)	<div><p>Nyctixalus spinosus (Taylor, 1920)</p><p>Fig. 4 R</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Spiny Philippine Tree Frog</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 1 individual; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of Talacogon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.757225&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.423612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.757225/lat 8.423612)">Barangay Zillovia</a>; 08°25'25"N, 125°45'26"E; MBS 1751 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>An orange- to cinnamon-colored dorsum, covered with numerous, white-tipped asperities and occasional white spots; ventral surfaces bright orange (Taylor 1920 a; Brown and Alcala 1994; Alcala and Brown 1998; Diesmos et al. 2015).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>We encountered a single individual of this species in the Katigbok peat swamp.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E842214836BB55F1923B990E2EB9F74E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
4968306B6BD956418E6676A4C66E028C.text	4968306B6BD956418E6676A4C66E028C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oreophryne anulata (Stejneger 1908)	<div><p>Oreophryne anulata (Stejneger, 1908)</p><p>Fig. 4 I</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Mindanao Cross Frog</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 13 individuals; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of Rosario, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.94611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.342777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.94611/lat 8.342777)">Barangay Novele, Sitio Palibo</a>; 08°20'34"N, 125°56'46"E; BIRC 569–75, 578–83 • 10 individuals; Municipality of Bunawan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.918884&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.236112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.918884/lat 8.236112)">Barangay San Marcos; confluence of Simulao and Agusan Rivers</a>; 08°14'10"N, 125°55'08"E; BIRC 616–25 , • 3 individuals; Municipality of Talacogon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.757225&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.423612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.757225/lat 8.423612)">Barangay Zillovia</a>; 08°25'25"N, 125°45'26"E; MBS 1743–44, 1754 • 6 individuals; Municipality of Talacogon, Lake Kasawangan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.86972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.396667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.86972/lat 8.396667)">Barangay La Flora</a>; 08°23'48"N, 125°52'11"E; MBS 2136–41 • 3 individuals; Municipality of Loreto, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.868614&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.205555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.868614/lat 8.205555)">Barangay Poblacion</a>; 08°12'20"N, 125°52'07"E; MBS 2216, 2242, 2281 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>A stocky body, pale to dark brown dorsum with few irregular tubercles (absent in some individuals), mottled venter, and tips of fingers and toes expanded, with circummarginal grooves (Inger 1954; Alcala and Brown 1998; Diesmos et al. 2015).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species appears to be common in the peat swamp forest and freshwater swamps (actively calling from floating vegetation) of Agusan Marsh.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4968306B6BD956418E6676A4C66E028C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
39C1F7C3F54B50029157F6C27241E565.text	39C1F7C3F54B50029157F6C27241E565.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oxyrhabdium modestum (Dumeril 1853)	<div><p>Oxyrhabdium modestum (Duméril, 1853)</p><p>Fig. 5 M</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Philippine Shrub Snake</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 1 individual; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of Rosario, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.94611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.342777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.94611/lat 8.342777)">Barangay Novele, Sitio Palibo</a>; 08°20'34"N, 125°56'46"E; BIRC 763 • 1 individual; Municipality of Bunawan, Barangay San Marcos; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.918884&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.236112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.918884/lat 8.236112)">confluence of Simulao and Agusan Rivers</a>; 08°14'10"N, 125°55'08"E; BIRC 879 • 4 individuals; Municipality of Talacogon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.757225&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.423612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.757225/lat 8.423612)">Barangay Zillovia</a>; 08°25'25"N, 125°45'26"E; MBS 1761–64 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>A medium-sized snake with a distinctly pointed (narrow, elongate) snout, protruding round eyes, anterior chin shields much larger than posterior chin shields, loreal scale separate from the second supralabial, eight supralabial scales (5 th and 6 th bordering eye), 15 longitudinal dorsal scale rows at midbody and dorsum with smooth, reddish-brown scales throughout (Leviton 1964; Weinell et al. 2019).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species is widespread on Mindanao and southern Luzon PAIC landmasses (Leviton et al. 2018) and occurs in disturbed areas adjacent to freshwater swamp, or on the forest floor of peat swamp forests in Agusan Marsh.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/39C1F7C3F54B50029157F6C27241E565	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
4D8A8186C2225BAA891721EDFC0592D1.text	4D8A8186C2225BAA891721EDFC0592D1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parvoscincus steerei (Stejneger 1908)	<div><p>Parvoscincus steerei (Stejneger, 1908)</p><p>Fig. 5 K</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 2 individuals; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of San Francisco, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.876945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.403611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.876945/lat 8.403611)">Barangay Caimpugan</a>; 08°24'13"N, 125°52'37"E; KU 314126–27 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>A very small – sized forest skink (26.4 to 36.0 mm for mature males; 27.5 to 35.5 for mature females; Brown and Alcala 1980), with a blunt, short snout, and a relatively large eye. Coloration is homogeneous dark brown, with paler dorsolateral stripes or a series of pale blotches. Ventral coloration pale cream; tail coloration indistinguishable from overall dark brown body color. This species has four supraoculars, seven upper labials, 28–32 midbody scale rows, and 10–13 subdigital lamellae beneath toe IV (Brown and Alcala 1980).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This secretive and inconspicuous forest floor species is encountered underneath leaf litter or forest floor debris, beneath logs, and occasionally underneath rocks in the vicinity of streams; it has been recorded from both primary and original, regenerating forest (Brown and Alcala 1980), consistent with our own observations within the peat swamp forest in Agusan Marsh.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4D8A8186C2225BAA891721EDFC0592D1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
8DB82AF626205755A2053BAC90F2B961.text	8DB82AF626205755A2053BAC90F2B961.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Philautus acutirostris (Peters 1867)	<div><p>Philautus acutirostris (Peters, 1867)</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Pointed-snout Shrub Frog</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 13 individuals; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of San Francisco, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.876945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.403611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.876945/lat 8.403611)">Barangay Caimpugan</a>; 08°24'13"N, 125°52'37"E; KU 314065–77 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>A pointed snout in males, and a sharply angular canthal ridge, and possessing gray, brown, or variably patterned, lightly granular dorsum, with dark cruciform markings absent (Brown and Alcala 1994; Alcala and Brown 1998); venter smooth to finely granular.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>We encountered individuals of this species in the peat swamp forest of Agusan Marsh. The species is also known to occur in montane and disturbed secondary-growth forests in the Mindanao faunal region (Brown and Alcala 1994; Diesmos et al. 2015; Sanguila et al. 2016).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8DB82AF626205755A2053BAC90F2B961	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
5455130404B05A3DBE1D086B8502CDE1.text	5455130404B05A3DBE1D086B8502CDE1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Philautus leitensis (Boulenger 1897)	<div><p>Philautus leitensis (Boulenger, 1897)</p><p>Fig. 4 M – P</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Leyte Shrub Frog</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 8 individuals; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of San Francisco, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.876945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.403611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.876945/lat 8.403611)">Barangay Caimpugan</a>; 08°24'13"N, 125°52'37"E; BIRC 288, MBS 1977 –82, 1987 • 2 individuals; Municipality of Rosario, Barangay Novele, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.94611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.342777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.94611/lat 8.342777)">Sitio Palibo</a>; 08°20'34"N, 125°56'46"E; BIRC 576, 814 • 1 individual; Municipality of Bunawan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.918884&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.236112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.918884/lat 8.236112)">Barangay San Marcos; confluence of Simulao and Agusan Rivers</a>; 08°14'10"N, 125°55'08"E; BIRC 833 • 5 individuals; Municipality of Talacogon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.757225&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.423612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.757225/lat 8.423612)">Barangay Zillovia</a>; 08°25'25"N, 125°45'26"E; MBS 1462–66 • 6 individuals; Municipality of Talacogon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.86972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.396667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.86972/lat 8.396667)">Barangay La Flora</a>; 08°23'48"N, 125°52'11"E; MBS 2127–32 • 2 individuals; Municipality of Loreto, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.868614&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.205555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.868614/lat 8.205555)">Barangay Poblacion</a>; 08°12'20"N, 125°52'07"E; MBS 2217–18 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>Either a yellowish-brown, grayish-green, or dark brown dorsum, with or without a distinct dorsal dark cruciform marking, and few dorsal tubercles, a finely granular venter, and hindlimbs usually with dark transverse crossbars (Inger 1954; Brown and Alcala 1994; Alcala and Brown 1998; Diesmos et al. 2015).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species is morphologically variable (possessing many variable color morphs) and appears to be common in the Katigbok and Caimpugan peat swamp forests of Agusan Marsh.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5455130404B05A3DBE1D086B8502CDE1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
E2382EDD281A5EA6858768CFA6B30560.text	E2382EDD281A5EA6858768CFA6B30560.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pinoyscincus jagori (Peters 1864)	<div><p>Pinoyscincus jagori (Peters, 1864)</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 1 individual; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of Rosario, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.94611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.342777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.94611/lat 8.342777)">Barangay Novele, Sitio Palibo</a>; 08°20'34"N, 125°56'46"E; BIRC 880 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>A medium-sized terrestrial forest skink, with hindlimbs substantially more robust than forelimbs, dorsum medium brown with irregular black markings and, in some specimens, a broken (disrupted) black vertebral stripe; venter ivory to cream colored. Body scales unkeeled and relatively uniform throughout; prefrontals separate, frontoparietals and parietal pairs both in medial contact. This species has four supraoculars (1 st and 2 nd in contact with frontal, 3 rd and 4 th with frontoparietal), nuchals undifferentiated, paravertebral scales in 56–80 rows, midbody scales in 30–44 rows, and 17–26 subdigital lamellae beneath toe IV (Taylor 1922 a; Linkem et al. 2010).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>In their definition of P. jagori, Brown and Alcala (1980) emphasized (and illustrated) two vertical black bars crossing the last supralabial scales, beneath the eyes, as the key characteristic for identifying the species. However, with much larger sample sizes (and a molecular phylogeny to confirm identifications), Linkem et al. (2010) demonstrated a gradual, continuous range of color pattern variation, from some populations with two bold bars beneath the eyes to others with immaculate white upper labial scales (dark bars absent), and some exhibiting intermediate states in these color patterns. Nevertheless, using Brown and Alcala’s (1980) key and relying on their reported scalation characters, we confidently arrive at the identification of our specimens as P. jagori . Mindanao specimens of this species included in the Linkem et al. (2010) phylogenetic analysis had strong support in their “ jagori Clade 4 " — which we emphasize here, to maximize future reproducibility of our results, given that specimens (from islands other than Mindanao) identified by Linkem et al. (2010) using the Brown and Alcala (1980) key came out in three highly divergent clades, which Linkem et al. (2010) interpreted as the probable existence of unrecognized diversity (likely morphologically cryptic new species).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E2382EDD281A5EA6858768CFA6B30560	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
1CFCAB1F87EE5B5D82C004506713AE29.text	1CFCAB1F87EE5B5D82C004506713AE29.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platymantis corrugatus (Dumeril 1853)	<div><p>Platymantis corrugatus (Duméril, 1853)</p><p>Fig. 4 B</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Corrugated Tagomukhus Forest Frog</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 3 individuals; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of San Francisco, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.89694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.403333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.89694/lat 8.403333)">Barangay Caimpugan</a>; 08°24'12"N, 125°53'49"E; KU 314062–64 • 10 individuals; same locality data as for preceding; 08°24'13"N, 125°52'37"E; MBS 1967 –68, 1974–76, 1989–93 • 2 individuals; Municipality of Talacogon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.757225&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.423612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.757225/lat 8.423612)">Barangay Zillovia</a>; 08°25'25"N, 125°45'26"E; MBS 1742, 1752 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>A gray, tan, or brown dorsum interspersed with irregular longitudinal folds; most individuals possess distinct dark “ face masks ” with dark pigmentation from the nares, through the loreal region, the pre- and post-ocular region, to the tympanic region (Taylor 1920 a; Inger 1954).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Individuals of this crepuscular species were heard actively calling, hiding underneath leaf litter on the forest floor in the Katigbok and Caimpugan peat swamp forests of Agusan Marsh. It occurs throughout the Philippine archipelago except in Palawan and Sulu PAICs (Diesmos et al. 2015). Populations in the Mindanao faunal region often possess a less darkly pigmented lateral head surface (Alcala and Brown 1998, 1999; Brown et al. 2012 b; Diesmos et al. 2015; Cobb 2016).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1CFCAB1F87EE5B5D82C004506713AE29	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
664C56BE06355E1CBEC3E7647A78CE0E.text	664C56BE06355E1CBEC3E7647A78CE0E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platymantis guentheri (Boulenger 1882)	<div><p>Platymantis guentheri (Boulenger, 1882)</p><p>Fig. 4 C</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Understory Tahananpuno Rainfrog</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 4 individuals; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of San Francisco, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.876945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.403611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.876945/lat 8.403611)">Barangay Caimpugan</a>; 08°13'21"N, 125°55'57"E; MBS 1966, 1983 , same locality data as for preceding; 08°24'13"N, 125°52'37"E; MBS 1986, 1994 • 3 individuals; Municipality of Talacogon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.757225&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.423612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.757225/lat 8.423612)">Barangay Zillovia</a>; 08°25'25"N, 125°45'26"E; MBS 1749 –50, 1774 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>A visible tympanum, a prominent series of irregularly variable tubercular ridges on its dorsum, and expanded terminal digits of fingers and toes (Alcala and Brown 1998, 1999; Diesmos et al. 2015).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species actively calls while perched 1–3 m high, in shrubs or on branches or leaves of understory trees, often covered with moss, in peat swamp forests of Agusan Marsh.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/664C56BE06355E1CBEC3E7647A78CE0E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
00EF7711137E5F65AB3EF80AB79DC411.text	00EF7711137E5F65AB3EF80AB79DC411.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polypedates leucomystax (Gravenhorst 1829)	<div><p>Polypedates leucomystax (Gravenhorst, 1829)</p><p>Fig. 4 Q</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Common Tree Frog</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 1 individual; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of San Francisco, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.876945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.403611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.876945/lat 8.403611)">Barangay Caimpugan</a>; 08°24'13"N, 125°52'37"E; KU 314078, BIRC 291 • 5 individuals; Municipality of Rosario, Barangay Novele, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.94611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.342777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.94611/lat 8.342777)">Sitio Palibo</a>; 08°20'34"N, 125°56'46"E; BIRC 577, 585–86, 816, 821 • 8 individuals; Municipality of Bunawan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.918884&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.236112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.918884/lat 8.236112)">Barangay San Marcos; confluence of Simulao and Agusan Rivers</a>; 08°14'10"N, 125°55'08"E; KU 314079, 314080–86 • 8 individuals; Municipality of Bunawan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.918884&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.236112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.918884/lat 8.236112)">Barangay San Marcos; confluence of Simulao and Agusan Rivers</a>; 08°14'10"N, 125°55'08"E; BIRC 0603–09, 830 • 1 juvenile; Municipality of Bunawan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.924995&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.206667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.924995/lat 8.206667)">Sitio Mambalili</a>; 08°12'24"N, 125°55'30"E; BIRC 0631 • 1 individual; Municipality of Talacogon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.86972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.396667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.86972/lat 8.396667)">Barangay La Flora</a>; 08°23'48"N, 125°52'11"E; MBS 2198 • 1 individual; Municipality of Loreto, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.868614&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.205555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.868614/lat 8.205555)">Barangay Poblacion</a>; 08°12'20"N, 125°52'07"E; MBS 2282 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>A pale to dark brown dorsum, often with four longitudinal stripes (vague to absent in some individuals), expanded terminal discs of fingers and toes, and a white to cream venter (Brown and Alcala 1994; Alcala and Brown 1998; Diesmos et al. 2015).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>In Agusan Marsh, individuals of the species occur in the peat swamp forest and in freshwater swamps (actively calling from floating vegetation, grassy banks of pools, and understory branches of small trees and shrubs overhanging these bodies of water).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/00EF7711137E5F65AB3EF80AB79DC411	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
27BA5A7567125FAAA0E884A9AD87A718.text	27BA5A7567125FAAA0E884A9AD87A718.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psammodynastes pulverulentus (Boie 1827)	<div><p>Psammodynastes pulverulentus (Boie, 1827)</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Common Mock Viper</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 1 individual; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of San Francisco, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.876945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.403611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.876945/lat 8.403611)">Barangay Caimpugan</a>; 08°24'13"N, 125°52'37"E; KU 314132 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>A medium-sized snake with variably brown with scattered, black, gray, cream, and white markings, loreal and preocular scales present, pupil round, supraoculars greatly enlarged (resulting in a general, pit viper-like appearance), nasal scales undivided, dorsal body scales smooth, in 17 longitudinal rows at midbody, and subcaudal scales paired (Weinell et al. 2019).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species is widespread on all major Philippine islands (Leviton et al. 2018) and was observed in the peat swamp forests of Agusan Marsh.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/27BA5A7567125FAAA0E884A9AD87A718	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
E111BCB2B11C5A74BF9A354DFE0BB210.text	E111BCB2B11C5A74BF9A354DFE0BB210.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhabdophis lineatus (Peters 1861)	<div><p>Rhabdophis lineatus (Peters, 1861)</p><p>Fig. 5 O</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Zigzag-lined Water Snake</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 1 individual; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of Rosario, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.94611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.342777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.94611/lat 8.342777)">Barangay Novele, Sitio Palibo</a>; 08°20'34"N, 125°56'46"E; BIRC 767 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>A medium-sized snake (SVL 390–440 mm) with a dark gray, reddish-brown, or brown dorsum, 17 longitudinal rows of strongly keeled dorsal scales at midbody, two preocular scales, a distinct white stripe across supralabials, one anterior temporal scale in contact with the sixth supralabial scale, and venter pale cream to white (Weinell et al. 2019).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species is widely distributed across the Mindanao PAIC faunal region (Leviton et al. 2018) and was observed at night, actively hunting in a dry stream bed.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E111BCB2B11C5A74BF9A354DFE0BB210	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
7D6631E099F55B1A9EEFC2FDC18E184F.text	7D6631E099F55B1A9EEFC2FDC18E184F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhinella marina (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Rhinella marina (Linnaeus, 1758)</p><p>Fig. 4 A</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>American Toad</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 1 individual; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of Rosario, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.94611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.342777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.94611/lat 8.342777)">Barangay Novele, Sitio Palibo</a>; 08°20'34"N, 125°56'46"E; BIRC 761 • 1 individual; Municipality of Bunawan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.924995&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.206667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.924995/lat 8.206667)">Sitio Mambalili</a>; 08°12'24"N, 125°55'30"E; BIRC 602 • 1 individual; Municipality of Talacogon, Lake Kasawangan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.86972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.396667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.86972/lat 8.396667)">Barangay La Flora</a>; 08°23'48"N, 125°52'11"E; MBS 2160 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>The combination of a brown, tuberculate, and leathery dorsum, a dirty cream venter with dark blotches, and a pair of parotoid glands located behind the eyes.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This invasive alien species occurs in dense aggregations, typically numbering quite a few (&gt; 10) individuals, in agricultural areas surrounding the peat swamp forest and in freshwater swamps with mixed vegetation of shrubs, Terminalia, and other marsh-dwelling trees.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7D6631E099F55B1A9EEFC2FDC18E184F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
02C7390B74D158C8AED5A0AB12428AA6.text	02C7390B74D158C8AED5A0AB12428AA6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sphenomorphus fasciatus (Gray 1845)	<div><p>Sphenomorphus fasciatus (Gray, 1845)</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Banded Forest Skink</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 1 individual; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of Loreto, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.868614&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.205555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.868614/lat 8.205555)">Barangay Poblacion</a>; 08°12'20"N, 125°52'07"E; MBS 2253 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>A medium-sized terrestrial forest skink, with proportionally elongate trunk, unkeeled dorsal scales, a brownish-black dorsum crossed by thin, yellow, white, or pale blue transverse bands; venter immaculate ivory. This species is also uniquely identified by its proximally thickened tail base and gradually tapering distal portions of its tail (Taylor 1922 a; Brown and Alcala 1980).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This Mindanao PAIC endemic species appears to have evolved because of dispersal and colonization of the southern Philippines from New Guinea by way of eastern Indonesia (Linkem et al. 2011).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/02C7390B74D158C8AED5A0AB12428AA6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
E06C52A7F7575B63B2B3E81E0508D3C7.text	E06C52A7F7575B63B2B3E81E0508D3C7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tropidolaemus subannulatus (Gray 1842)	<div><p>Tropidolaemus subannulatus (Gray, 1842)</p><p>Fig. 5 P</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Eastern Temple Pit viper</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 1 individual; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of San Francisco, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.876945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.403611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.876945/lat 8.403611)">Barangay Caimpugan</a>; 08°24'13"N, 125°52'37"E; BIRC 289 • 1 individual; Municipality of Talacogon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.757225&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.423612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.757225/lat 8.423612)">Barangay Zillovia</a>; 08°25'25"N, 125°45'26"E; MBS 1765 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>A small but robust, heavy-bodied pit viper (SVL 250–339 mm), with flat, broadly triangular head, scales on lateral and ventral head surfaces strongly keeled, a grayish blue postocular stripe, and 9–16 head scales between supraoculars, dorsum pale to yellowish-green, interspersed with red and white crossbands, 22 longitudinal midbody scale rows, second supralabial scale not in contact with scale forming anterior border of heat sensing pit, and third supralabial separated from subocular by two scales (Weinell et al. 2019).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species is widely distributed throughout the southeastern Philippines (Leviton et al. 2018) and was encountered perched in understory trees of peat swamp forests of Agusan Marsh.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E06C52A7F7575B63B2B3E81E0508D3C7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
EC84F783E76B53ABAFAC89E19926BB68.text	EC84F783E76B53ABAFAC89E19926BB68.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Varanus cumingi Martin 1839	<div><p>Varanus cumingi Martin, 1839</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Cuming’s Water Monitor Lizard</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • 1 individual; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur Province, Municipality of Bunawan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.932495&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.2225" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.932495/lat 8.2225)">Barangay San Marcos</a>; 08°13'21"N, 125°55'57"E; KU 314128 .</p><p>Identification.</p><p>This large-bodied, robust monitor lizard possesses the typical attributes of monitor lizards: a robust body, extremely developed, powerful limbs, strongly recurved claws, a long, muscular neck, and an enlarged head with big eyes and an alert disposition. Varanus cumingi is average-sized for Philippine members of the V. salvator group, but is strikingly colored / patterned, possessing uniquely bright yellow coloration, especially on the head, and entirely unlike species to the north (Gaulke 1991, 1992; Welton et al. 2014).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Philippine species of the Varanus salvator group (Gaulke 1991, 1992) have been the subject of continued taxonomic study, resulting in the recognition of five Philippine endemic species (Koch et al. 2007, 2010; Welton et al. 2013, 2014). Welton et al. (2014) elevated the former subspecies Varanus cumingi samarensis (Koch et al. 2007, 2010) to the full-species level, based on multilocus genetic data and statistical species delimitation analyses. Welton et al. (2014) also diagnosed populations from Samar and Leyte islands as Varanus samarensis (based on discrete, discontinuous, color patterns character state differences), a distinct species that is readily distinguished from Varanus cumingi, the Mindanao-endemic species, which we encountered in Agusan Marsh.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC84F783E76B53ABAFAC89E19926BB68	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sanguila, Marites B.;Labaja, Ana Cristina O.;Bernstein, Justin M.;Brown, Rafe M.	Sanguila, Marites B., Labaja, Ana Cristina O., Bernstein, Justin M., Brown, Rafe M. (2026): An updated herpetological inventory of the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1272: 203-251, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1272.167304
