taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
421169606031B338FF7B27455AE4BB17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16570620/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16570620	Fig. 1. Sequenced specimens of the Chlosyne palla group from Canada and USA in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views: a–s) C. palla sterope from: a–i) the southern and j–s) the northern parts of the range and t–ac) C. flavula blackmorei: a, d, i) WA, Adams Co., 25 mi SW Ritzville [CSUC]; others in CNC unless indicated: b, c, e–h) OR, Wasco Co., Tygh Valley; k–r) WA, Okanogan Co.: m) Black Canyon, o, p) Pateros, others nr. Brewster; j, s, t, v–z, aa, ac) British Columbia: j, s, w) Osoyoos, t) Keremeos, v) Pavillon Lake, x) Clinton, y) Hedley, z) 100 Mile House, aa) Canim Lake, ac) Jesmond; u) Alberta, Waterton Lakes; ab) ID, Shoshone Co., Wallace. DNA sample numbers are: a) ♂ NVG-21026A09, b) ♂ NVG-24015A12, c) paratype ♂ of Melitaea hewesi Leussler, 1931 (junior subjective synonym of C. palla sterope) NVG-24015B02, d) ♂ NVG-21026A11, e) holotype ♂ of M. hewesi NVG-22098H04 [CAS] (no labels shown for this specimen), f) lectotype ♀ of C. palla sterope NVG- 21011C01 [CMNH] (labels above), g) paratype ♀ M. hewesi NVG-24015B03, h) ♀ NVG-24015B01, i) ♀ NVG-21026A10, j) ♂ NVG-24015A09, k) ♂ NVG-24015B09, l) ♂ NVG-24015B10, m) ♂ NVG-24015C07, n) ♂ NVG-24015C08, o) ♂ NVG- 24015B08, p) ♀ NVG-24015C05, q) ♀ NVG-24015C06, r) ♀ NVG-24015B12, s) ♀ NVG-24015C02, t) ♂ NVG-24014H11, u) ♂ NVG-24014H07, v) ♂ NVG-24015A03, w) ♂ NVG-24014H10, x) ♂ NVG-24014H12, y) ♂ NVG-24015A01, z) ♀ NVG- 24015C03, aa) ♀ NVG-24015C01, ab) ♀ NVG-24015B07, ac) ♀ NVG-24015A05. Additional details in Zhang et al. (2025a).	Fig. 1. Sequenced specimens of the Chlosyne palla group from Canada and USA in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views: a–s) C. palla sterope from: a–i) the southern and j–s) the northern parts of the range and t–ac) C. flavula blackmorei: a, d, i) WA, Adams Co., 25 mi SW Ritzville [CSUC]; others in CNC unless indicated: b, c, e–h) OR, Wasco Co., Tygh Valley; k–r) WA, Okanogan Co.: m) Black Canyon, o, p) Pateros, others nr. Brewster; j, s, t, v–z, aa, ac) British Columbia: j, s, w) Osoyoos, t) Keremeos, v) Pavillon Lake, x) Clinton, y) Hedley, z) 100 Mile House, aa) Canim Lake, ac) Jesmond; u) Alberta, Waterton Lakes; ab) ID, Shoshone Co., Wallace. DNA sample numbers are: a) ♂ NVG-21026A09, b) ♂ NVG-24015A12, c) paratype ♂ of Melitaea hewesi Leussler, 1931 (junior subjective synonym of C. palla sterope) NVG-24015B02, d) ♂ NVG-21026A11, e) holotype ♂ of M. hewesi NVG-22098H04 [CAS] (no labels shown for this specimen), f) lectotype ♀ of C. palla sterope NVG- 21011C01 [CMNH] (labels above), g) paratype ♀ M. hewesi NVG-24015B03, h) ♀ NVG-24015B01, i) ♀ NVG-21026A10, j) ♂ NVG-24015A09, k) ♂ NVG-24015B09, l) ♂ NVG-24015B10, m) ♂ NVG-24015C07, n) ♂ NVG-24015C08, o) ♂ NVG- 24015B08, p) ♀ NVG-24015C05, q) ♀ NVG-24015C06, r) ♀ NVG-24015B12, s) ♀ NVG-24015C02, t) ♂ NVG-24014H11, u) ♂ NVG-24014H07, v) ♂ NVG-24015A03, w) ♂ NVG-24014H10, x) ♂ NVG-24014H12, y) ♂ NVG-24015A01, z) ♀ NVG- 24015C03, aa) ♀ NVG-24015C01, ab) ♀ NVG-24015B07, ac) ♀ NVG-24015A05. Additional details in Zhang et al. (2025a).	2025-07-12	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.		Zenodo	biologists	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.			
421169606031B33DFE2E203C5BB9BE10.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16570628/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16570628	Fig. 2. Phylogenetic trees of Emesis (Mandania) species constructed from protein-coding regions in: a) the nuclear genome (autosomes), based on 826,947 positions, and b) the mitochondrial genome. Different species are colored differently: E. mandaca (violet), E. furor A. Butler and H. Druce, 1872 (olive), E. mandora (blue), E. manduza (brown), E. mandana (green), E. mandarina sp. n. (magenta), E. mandela sp. n. (orange), E. mantunga (cyan), and E. russula Stichel, 1910 (black). Labels of specimens from Venezuela are highlighted in yellow in (a).	Fig. 2. Phylogenetic trees of Emesis (Mandania) species constructed from protein-coding regions in: a) the nuclear genome (autosomes), based on 826,947 positions, and b) the mitochondrial genome. Different species are colored differently: E. mandaca (violet), E. furor A. Butler and H. Druce, 1872 (olive), E. mandora (blue), E. manduza (brown), E. mandana (green), E. mandarina sp. n. (magenta), E. mandela sp. n. (orange), E. mantunga (cyan), and E. russula Stichel, 1910 (black). Labels of specimens from Venezuela are highlighted in yellow in (a).	2025-07-12	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.		Zenodo	biologists	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.			
421169606031B33DFE2E203C5BB9BE10.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16570632/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16570632	Fig. 3. Type specimens of Emesis (Mandania) mandarina sp. n. from Brazil: Santa Catarina in dorsal (above or left of the panel letter) and ventral (below or right of the letter) views, data in text: a) holotype ♂ NVG-18044E12; b) paratype ♀ NVG-24032A05; c) paratype ♂ NVG-25013H04.	Fig. 3. Type specimens of Emesis (Mandania) mandarina sp. n. from Brazil: Santa Catarina in dorsal (above or left of the panel letter) and ventral (below or right of the letter) views, data in text: a) holotype ♂ NVG-18044E12; b) paratype ♀ NVG-24032A05; c) paratype ♂ NVG-25013H04.	2025-07-12	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.		Zenodo	biologists	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.			
421169606035B33CFE1326015DF4B91A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16570628/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16570628	Fig. 2. Phylogenetic trees of Emesis (Mandania) species constructed from protein-coding regions in: a) the nuclear genome (autosomes), based on 826,947 positions, and b) the mitochondrial genome. Different species are colored differently: E. mandaca (violet), E. furor A. Butler and H. Druce, 1872 (olive), E. mandora (blue), E. manduza (brown), E. mandana (green), E. mandarina sp. n. (magenta), E. mandela sp. n. (orange), E. mantunga (cyan), and E. russula Stichel, 1910 (black). Labels of specimens from Venezuela are highlighted in yellow in (a).	Fig. 2. Phylogenetic trees of Emesis (Mandania) species constructed from protein-coding regions in: a) the nuclear genome (autosomes), based on 826,947 positions, and b) the mitochondrial genome. Different species are colored differently: E. mandaca (violet), E. furor A. Butler and H. Druce, 1872 (olive), E. mandora (blue), E. manduza (brown), E. mandana (green), E. mandarina sp. n. (magenta), E. mandela sp. n. (orange), E. mantunga (cyan), and E. russula Stichel, 1910 (black). Labels of specimens from Venezuela are highlighted in yellow in (a).	2025-07-12	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.		Zenodo	biologists	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.			
421169606035B33CFE1326015DF4B91A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16570638/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16570638	Fig. 4. Specimens of Emesis (Mandania) in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views, data in text or below: a) E. mandela sp. n. holotype ♂ NVG-24033B06 from Venezuela and b–c) E. mantunga from Ecuador: b) holotype ♂ NVG- 24092B10 Tungurahua, Topo, 18-20-Jun-1990, I. A. Villafuerte leg. [MGCL] and c) the first confirmed ♀ NVG-25013E02.	Fig. 4. Specimens of Emesis (Mandania) in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views, data in text or below: a) E. mandela sp. n. holotype ♂ NVG-24033B06 from Venezuela and b–c) E. mantunga from Ecuador: b) holotype ♂ NVG- 24092B10 Tungurahua, Topo, 18-20-Jun-1990, I. A. Villafuerte leg. [MGCL] and c) the first confirmed ♀ NVG-25013E02.	2025-07-12	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.		Zenodo	biologists	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.			
421169606035B331FE9920855CACBB60.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16570642/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16570642	Fig. 5. Phylogenetic trees of Telegonus (Rhabdoides) species from the alector group constructed from protein-coding regions in: a) the nuclear genome (autosomes), based on 7,793,130 positions, b) the Z chromosome, based on 187,920 positions, c) the mitochondrial genome, and d) a BioNJ (Gascuel 1997) dendrogram constructed from COI barcodes using the phylogeny.fr server (Dereeper et al. 2008). Different taxa are colored differently: T. alector (green, with the T. alector obscuratus ssp. n. branch in olive and the T. alector ecuadoricus clade in cyan), T. hopfferi (purple), T. missionus (red), and T. gilberti (blue). Primary type specimens are labeled in magenta and specimens from the U.S. are highlighted in yellow.	Fig. 5. Phylogenetic trees of Telegonus (Rhabdoides) species from the alector group constructed from protein-coding regions in: a) the nuclear genome (autosomes), based on 7,793,130 positions, b) the Z chromosome, based on 187,920 positions, c) the mitochondrial genome, and d) a BioNJ (Gascuel 1997) dendrogram constructed from COI barcodes using the phylogeny.fr server (Dereeper et al. 2008). Different taxa are colored differently: T. alector (green, with the T. alector obscuratus ssp. n. branch in olive and the T. alector ecuadoricus clade in cyan), T. hopfferi (purple), T. missionus (red), and T. gilberti (blue). Primary type specimens are labeled in magenta and specimens from the U.S. are highlighted in yellow.	2025-07-12	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.		Zenodo	biologists	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.			
421169606035B331FE9920855CACBB60.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16570650/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16570650	Fig. 6. Subspecies of Telegonus (Rhabdoides) alector in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views, data in text of below: a) T. (R.) alector obscuratus ssp. n. holotype ♂ NVG-24073H04 from Costa Rica; b) T. (R.) alector alector ♂ NVG-24021D08 from Ecuador: Morona-Santiago, San Isidro, Macas, 1250 m, GPS −02.12, −78.10, 19-Oct-2012, J.-C. Petit leg. [SMF]; and c) T. (R.) alector ecuadoricus holotype ♂ NVG-19071H10 from Ecuador: Esmeraldas, Río Chuchuví, km 12.5 of Lita–San Lorenzo Road, 800–900 m, GPS 0.8835, −78.5150, Mar-2001, I. Aldas leg. [USNM].	Fig. 6. Subspecies of Telegonus (Rhabdoides) alector in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views, data in text of below: a) T. (R.) alector obscuratus ssp. n. holotype ♂ NVG-24073H04 from Costa Rica; b) T. (R.) alector alector ♂ NVG-24021D08 from Ecuador: Morona-Santiago, San Isidro, Macas, 1250 m, GPS −02.12, −78.10, 19-Oct-2012, J.-C. Petit leg. [SMF]; and c) T. (R.) alector ecuadoricus holotype ♂ NVG-19071H10 from Ecuador: Esmeraldas, Río Chuchuví, km 12.5 of Lita–San Lorenzo Road, 800–900 m, GPS 0.8835, −78.5150, Mar-2001, I. Aldas leg. [USNM].	2025-07-12	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.		Zenodo	biologists	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.			
421169606038B330FF56222D5AD0BCA2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16570642/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16570642	Fig. 5. Phylogenetic trees of Telegonus (Rhabdoides) species from the alector group constructed from protein-coding regions in: a) the nuclear genome (autosomes), based on 7,793,130 positions, b) the Z chromosome, based on 187,920 positions, c) the mitochondrial genome, and d) a BioNJ (Gascuel 1997) dendrogram constructed from COI barcodes using the phylogeny.fr server (Dereeper et al. 2008). Different taxa are colored differently: T. alector (green, with the T. alector obscuratus ssp. n. branch in olive and the T. alector ecuadoricus clade in cyan), T. hopfferi (purple), T. missionus (red), and T. gilberti (blue). Primary type specimens are labeled in magenta and specimens from the U.S. are highlighted in yellow.	Fig. 5. Phylogenetic trees of Telegonus (Rhabdoides) species from the alector group constructed from protein-coding regions in: a) the nuclear genome (autosomes), based on 7,793,130 positions, b) the Z chromosome, based on 187,920 positions, c) the mitochondrial genome, and d) a BioNJ (Gascuel 1997) dendrogram constructed from COI barcodes using the phylogeny.fr server (Dereeper et al. 2008). Different taxa are colored differently: T. alector (green, with the T. alector obscuratus ssp. n. branch in olive and the T. alector ecuadoricus clade in cyan), T. hopfferi (purple), T. missionus (red), and T. gilberti (blue). Primary type specimens are labeled in magenta and specimens from the U.S. are highlighted in yellow.	2025-07-12	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.		Zenodo	biologists	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.			
421169606038B330FF56222D5AD0BCA2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16570794/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16570794	Fig. 7. A female of Telegonus (Rhabdoides) missionus sequenced as NVG-24073G04, Mexico: Nuevo Leon, Villa Santiago, Hacienda Vista Hermosa,1500 ft, 17-Jun-1940, Hoogstraal & Knight leg. [MGCL].	Fig. 7. A female of Telegonus (Rhabdoides) missionus sequenced as NVG-24073G04, Mexico: Nuevo Leon, Villa Santiago, Hacienda Vista Hermosa,1500 ft, 17-Jun-1940, Hoogstraal & Knight leg. [MGCL].	2025-07-12	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.		Zenodo	biologists	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.			
421169606039B336FECA226A5B75BC4D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16570662/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16570662	Fig. 8. Phylogenetic trees of selected Telegonus (Rhabdoides) species from the creteus group constructed from protein-coding regions in: a) the Z chromosome, based on 240,963 positions, and b) the mitochondrial genome. Different species are colored differently: T. chiapus (maroon), T. chiriquensis (blue), T. colotrix (purple), T. erana (orange), T. flavimargo (green), T. flavifimbro sp. n. (magenta; data lines are folded above (HT) and below (PT) to fit the page), T. creteus (olive), and T. sobrasus (cyan).	Fig. 8. Phylogenetic trees of selected Telegonus (Rhabdoides) species from the creteus group constructed from protein-coding regions in: a) the Z chromosome, based on 240,963 positions, and b) the mitochondrial genome. Different species are colored differently: T. chiapus (maroon), T. chiriquensis (blue), T. colotrix (purple), T. erana (orange), T. flavimargo (green), T. flavifimbro sp. n. (magenta; data lines are folded above (HT) and below (PT) to fit the page), T. creteus (olive), and T. sobrasus (cyan).	2025-07-12	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.		Zenodo	biologists	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.			
421169606039B336FECA226A5B75BC4D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16570664/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16570664	Fig. 9. Type specimens of Telegonus (Rhabdoides) in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views, data below or in text: a) T. (R.) flavimargo holotype ♀ NVG-14105A05 from Costa Rica: Limón Province, Guapiles, elevation 850’ and b–c) T. (R.) flavifimbro sp. n. ♀♀ from Colombia: b) holotype NVG-24028C10 and c) paratype NVG-24039F01.	Fig. 9. Type specimens of Telegonus (Rhabdoides) in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views, data below or in text: a) T. (R.) flavimargo holotype ♀ NVG-14105A05 from Costa Rica: Limón Province, Guapiles, elevation 850’ and b–c) T. (R.) flavifimbro sp. n. ♀♀ from Colombia: b) holotype NVG-24028C10 and c) paratype NVG-24039F01.	2025-07-12	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.		Zenodo	biologists	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.			
42116960603FB336FF002505590CBAB4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16570670/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16570670	Fig. 10. Phylogenetic trees of Telegonus (Rhabdoides) species from the parmenides group constructed from protein-coding regions in: a) the Z chromosome, based on 267,339 positions, and b) the mitochondrial genome. Different species are colored differently: T. parmenides (olive), T. panamus (purple), T. tatus (maroon), T. cretatus (blue), T. adoba stat. nov. (green), T. chuchuvianus (magenta), T. meretrix (orange), and T. fulvimargo (cyan). Gaps in terminal branches indicate that a segment of a branch was cut out to reduce its length (to allow an increase in the font size), i.e., a branch with a gap is longer than shown.	Fig. 10. Phylogenetic trees of Telegonus (Rhabdoides) species from the parmenides group constructed from protein-coding regions in: a) the Z chromosome, based on 267,339 positions, and b) the mitochondrial genome. Different species are colored differently: T. parmenides (olive), T. panamus (purple), T. tatus (maroon), T. cretatus (blue), T. adoba stat. nov. (green), T. chuchuvianus (magenta), T. meretrix (orange), and T. fulvimargo (cyan). Gaps in terminal branches indicate that a segment of a branch was cut out to reduce its length (to allow an increase in the font size), i.e., a branch with a gap is longer than shown.	2025-07-12	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.		Zenodo	biologists	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.			
42116960603FB335FF25207A5CD4B9E6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16570662/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16570662	Fig. 8. Phylogenetic trees of selected Telegonus (Rhabdoides) species from the creteus group constructed from protein-coding regions in: a) the Z chromosome, based on 240,963 positions, and b) the mitochondrial genome. Different species are colored differently: T. chiapus (maroon), T. chiriquensis (blue), T. colotrix (purple), T. erana (orange), T. flavimargo (green), T. flavifimbro sp. n. (magenta; data lines are folded above (HT) and below (PT) to fit the page), T. creteus (olive), and T. sobrasus (cyan).	Fig. 8. Phylogenetic trees of selected Telegonus (Rhabdoides) species from the creteus group constructed from protein-coding regions in: a) the Z chromosome, based on 240,963 positions, and b) the mitochondrial genome. Different species are colored differently: T. chiapus (maroon), T. chiriquensis (blue), T. colotrix (purple), T. erana (orange), T. flavimargo (green), T. flavifimbro sp. n. (magenta; data lines are folded above (HT) and below (PT) to fit the page), T. creteus (olive), and T. sobrasus (cyan).	2025-07-12	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.		Zenodo	biologists	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.			
42116960603FB335FF25207A5CD4B9E6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16570670/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16570670	Fig. 10. Phylogenetic trees of Telegonus (Rhabdoides) species from the parmenides group constructed from protein-coding regions in: a) the Z chromosome, based on 267,339 positions, and b) the mitochondrial genome. Different species are colored differently: T. parmenides (olive), T. panamus (purple), T. tatus (maroon), T. cretatus (blue), T. adoba stat. nov. (green), T. chuchuvianus (magenta), T. meretrix (orange), and T. fulvimargo (cyan). Gaps in terminal branches indicate that a segment of a branch was cut out to reduce its length (to allow an increase in the font size), i.e., a branch with a gap is longer than shown.	Fig. 10. Phylogenetic trees of Telegonus (Rhabdoides) species from the parmenides group constructed from protein-coding regions in: a) the Z chromosome, based on 267,339 positions, and b) the mitochondrial genome. Different species are colored differently: T. parmenides (olive), T. panamus (purple), T. tatus (maroon), T. cretatus (blue), T. adoba stat. nov. (green), T. chuchuvianus (magenta), T. meretrix (orange), and T. fulvimargo (cyan). Gaps in terminal branches indicate that a segment of a branch was cut out to reduce its length (to allow an increase in the font size), i.e., a branch with a gap is longer than shown.	2025-07-12	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.		Zenodo	biologists	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.			
42116960603CB334FF0C20D459DABDB1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16570670/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16570670	Fig. 10. Phylogenetic trees of Telegonus (Rhabdoides) species from the parmenides group constructed from protein-coding regions in: a) the Z chromosome, based on 267,339 positions, and b) the mitochondrial genome. Different species are colored differently: T. parmenides (olive), T. panamus (purple), T. tatus (maroon), T. cretatus (blue), T. adoba stat. nov. (green), T. chuchuvianus (magenta), T. meretrix (orange), and T. fulvimargo (cyan). Gaps in terminal branches indicate that a segment of a branch was cut out to reduce its length (to allow an increase in the font size), i.e., a branch with a gap is longer than shown.	Fig. 10. Phylogenetic trees of Telegonus (Rhabdoides) species from the parmenides group constructed from protein-coding regions in: a) the Z chromosome, based on 267,339 positions, and b) the mitochondrial genome. Different species are colored differently: T. parmenides (olive), T. panamus (purple), T. tatus (maroon), T. cretatus (blue), T. adoba stat. nov. (green), T. chuchuvianus (magenta), T. meretrix (orange), and T. fulvimargo (cyan). Gaps in terminal branches indicate that a segment of a branch was cut out to reduce its length (to allow an increase in the font size), i.e., a branch with a gap is longer than shown.	2025-07-12	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.		Zenodo	biologists	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.			
421169606023B32AFF4726165A70BEBF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16570678/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16570678	Fig. 11. Phylogenetic trees of selected Urbanus species constructed from protein-coding regions in: a) the Z chromosome, based on 548,172 positions, and b) the mitochondrial genome. Species discussed in the text are colored differently: U. elma (red), U. elmina (blue), U. viridis (green), U. dolus sp. n. (magenta), and U. esta (cyan). Gaps in branches indicate where vertical slices of the tree were removed to reduce its horizontal dimension (to allow an increase in the font size), i.e., branches with gaps are longer than shown.	Fig. 11. Phylogenetic trees of selected Urbanus species constructed from protein-coding regions in: a) the Z chromosome, based on 548,172 positions, and b) the mitochondrial genome. Species discussed in the text are colored differently: U. elma (red), U. elmina (blue), U. viridis (green), U. dolus sp. n. (magenta), and U. esta (cyan). Gaps in branches indicate where vertical slices of the tree were removed to reduce its horizontal dimension (to allow an increase in the font size), i.e., branches with gaps are longer than shown.	2025-07-12	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.		Zenodo	biologists	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.			
421169606023B32FFE14208059D1BED8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16570678/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16570678	Fig. 11. Phylogenetic trees of selected Urbanus species constructed from protein-coding regions in: a) the Z chromosome, based on 548,172 positions, and b) the mitochondrial genome. Species discussed in the text are colored differently: U. elma (red), U. elmina (blue), U. viridis (green), U. dolus sp. n. (magenta), and U. esta (cyan). Gaps in branches indicate where vertical slices of the tree were removed to reduce its horizontal dimension (to allow an increase in the font size), i.e., branches with gaps are longer than shown.	Fig. 11. Phylogenetic trees of selected Urbanus species constructed from protein-coding regions in: a) the Z chromosome, based on 548,172 positions, and b) the mitochondrial genome. Species discussed in the text are colored differently: U. elma (red), U. elmina (blue), U. viridis (green), U. dolus sp. n. (magenta), and U. esta (cyan). Gaps in branches indicate where vertical slices of the tree were removed to reduce its horizontal dimension (to allow an increase in the font size), i.e., branches with gaps are longer than shown.	2025-07-12	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.		Zenodo	biologists	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.			
421169606023B32FFE14208059D1BED8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16570684/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16570684	Fig. 12. Urbanus (Urbanoides) females in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views, data in text or in Zhang et al. (2025a): a) U viridis NVG-19013F10, b) U. dolus sp. n. holotype NVG-24111A06, and c) U. elma holotype NVG-19064C09.	Fig. 12. Urbanus (Urbanoides) females in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views, data in text or in Zhang et al. (2025a): a) U viridis NVG-19013F10, b) U. dolus sp. n. holotype NVG-24111A06, and c) U. elma holotype NVG-19064C09.	2025-07-12	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.		Zenodo	biologists	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.			
421169606023B32FFE14208059D1BED8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16570690/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16570690	Fig. 13. Female genitalia of Urbanus (Urbanoides) dolus sp. n. holotype NVG-24111A06 in ventral view, data in text: without bursa copulatrix (left, scale on the left) and complete (right, reduced to half the size, scale on the right).	Fig. 13. Female genitalia of Urbanus (Urbanoides) dolus sp. n. holotype NVG-24111A06 in ventral view, data in text: without bursa copulatrix (left, scale on the left) and complete (right, reduced to half the size, scale on the right).	2025-07-12	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.		Zenodo	biologists	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.			
421169606026B32EFE01279B5D93BB41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16570692/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16570692	Fig. 14. Phylogenetic trees of Burnsius communis specimens constructed from protein-coding regions in: a) the nuclear genome (autosomes), based on 10,128,060 positions, and b) the Z chromosome, based on 303,834 positions. The mitochondrial genome tree is not shown because it does not separate several species of Burnsius. Different subspecies are colored differently: B. communis tenebrunis ssp. n. (green), B. communis altus ssp. n. (magenta), B. communis communis (blue), and B. communis albescens (red). Labels of specimens from different clades collected in El Dorado and Tuolumne Counties, California, are highlighted in orange and yellow, respectively.	Fig. 14. Phylogenetic trees of Burnsius communis specimens constructed from protein-coding regions in: a) the nuclear genome (autosomes), based on 10,128,060 positions, and b) the Z chromosome, based on 303,834 positions. The mitochondrial genome tree is not shown because it does not separate several species of Burnsius. Different subspecies are colored differently: B. communis tenebrunis ssp. n. (green), B. communis altus ssp. n. (magenta), B. communis communis (blue), and B. communis albescens (red). Labels of specimens from different clades collected in El Dorado and Tuolumne Counties, California, are highlighted in orange and yellow, respectively.	2025-07-12	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.		Zenodo	biologists	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.			
421169606026B32EFE01279B5D93BB41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16570696/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16570696	Fig. 15. Selected specimens of Burnsius communis in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views, data in text or below. a–d) Burnsius communis tenebrunis ssp. n.: a–b) types from USA, Oregon, Klamath Co.: a) holotype ♂ NVG-24064E07 and b) paratype ♀ NVG-23058A06 and c–d) non-type ♂♂ from Canada, British Columbia: c) NVG-24012E08 (slightly aberrant) and d) NVG-24012E09. e–f) Burnsius communis communis ♂♂ from Canada, Alberta, E. M. Pike leg. [CNC]: e) NVG-24012E07 Green Is., 18-Aug-1981 and f) NVG-24012E06 Finnegan, 18-Aug-1986. g–k) Burnsius communis altus ssp. n. from USA, California: g–i) Tuolumne Co.: g) holotype ♂ NVG-23057F09 and h–i) paratypes: h) ♀ NVG-23032C12 and i) ♀ NVG- 23032C11 and j–k) El Dorado Co. paratypes: j) ♂ NVG-24012E04 and k) ♂ NVG-24012E05. l–m) Burnsius communis communis specimens sympatric or collected near B. communis altus ssp. n. from USA, California: l) ♀ NVG-23032D01, WRD 22433 Tuolumne Co. (data exactly as NVG-23032C12, see text) and m–n) ♂♂ from El Dorado Co., S of Lake Tahoe, Cold Creek, D. L. Bauer leg., 8-Sep-1988 [MGCL]: m) NVG-23058C05 and n) NVG-23058C06.	Fig. 15. Selected specimens of Burnsius communis in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views, data in text or below. a–d) Burnsius communis tenebrunis ssp. n.: a–b) types from USA, Oregon, Klamath Co.: a) holotype ♂ NVG-24064E07 and b) paratype ♀ NVG-23058A06 and c–d) non-type ♂♂ from Canada, British Columbia: c) NVG-24012E08 (slightly aberrant) and d) NVG-24012E09. e–f) Burnsius communis communis ♂♂ from Canada, Alberta, E. M. Pike leg. [CNC]: e) NVG-24012E07 Green Is., 18-Aug-1981 and f) NVG-24012E06 Finnegan, 18-Aug-1986. g–k) Burnsius communis altus ssp. n. from USA, California: g–i) Tuolumne Co.: g) holotype ♂ NVG-23057F09 and h–i) paratypes: h) ♀ NVG-23032C12 and i) ♀ NVG- 23032C11 and j–k) El Dorado Co. paratypes: j) ♂ NVG-24012E04 and k) ♂ NVG-24012E05. l–m) Burnsius communis communis specimens sympatric or collected near B. communis altus ssp. n. from USA, California: l) ♀ NVG-23032D01, WRD 22433 Tuolumne Co. (data exactly as NVG-23032C12, see text) and m–n) ♂♂ from El Dorado Co., S of Lake Tahoe, Cold Creek, D. L. Bauer leg., 8-Sep-1988 [MGCL]: m) NVG-23058C05 and n) NVG-23058C06.	2025-07-12	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.		Zenodo	biologists	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.			
421169606027B323FEC222095DD8BE68.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16570692/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16570692	Fig. 14. Phylogenetic trees of Burnsius communis specimens constructed from protein-coding regions in: a) the nuclear genome (autosomes), based on 10,128,060 positions, and b) the Z chromosome, based on 303,834 positions. The mitochondrial genome tree is not shown because it does not separate several species of Burnsius. Different subspecies are colored differently: B. communis tenebrunis ssp. n. (green), B. communis altus ssp. n. (magenta), B. communis communis (blue), and B. communis albescens (red). Labels of specimens from different clades collected in El Dorado and Tuolumne Counties, California, are highlighted in orange and yellow, respectively.	Fig. 14. Phylogenetic trees of Burnsius communis specimens constructed from protein-coding regions in: a) the nuclear genome (autosomes), based on 10,128,060 positions, and b) the Z chromosome, based on 303,834 positions. The mitochondrial genome tree is not shown because it does not separate several species of Burnsius. Different subspecies are colored differently: B. communis tenebrunis ssp. n. (green), B. communis altus ssp. n. (magenta), B. communis communis (blue), and B. communis albescens (red). Labels of specimens from different clades collected in El Dorado and Tuolumne Counties, California, are highlighted in orange and yellow, respectively.	2025-07-12	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.		Zenodo	biologists	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.			
421169606027B323FEC222095DD8BE68.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16570706/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16570706	Fig. 16. Male genitalia of Burnsius communis subspecies, holotypes in: a, c) left lateral and b, d) dorsal views, data in text: a–b) B. communis tenebrunis ssp. n. NVG-24064E07 and c–d) B. communis altus ssp. n. NVG- 23057F09.	Fig. 16. Male genitalia of Burnsius communis subspecies, holotypes in: a, c) left lateral and b, d) dorsal views, data in text: a–b) B. communis tenebrunis ssp. n. NVG-24064E07 and c–d) B. communis altus ssp. n. NVG- 23057F09.	2025-07-12	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.		Zenodo	biologists	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.			
421169606027B323FEC222095DD8BE68.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16570696/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16570696	Fig. 15. Selected specimens of Burnsius communis in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views, data in text or below. a–d) Burnsius communis tenebrunis ssp. n.: a–b) types from USA, Oregon, Klamath Co.: a) holotype ♂ NVG-24064E07 and b) paratype ♀ NVG-23058A06 and c–d) non-type ♂♂ from Canada, British Columbia: c) NVG-24012E08 (slightly aberrant) and d) NVG-24012E09. e–f) Burnsius communis communis ♂♂ from Canada, Alberta, E. M. Pike leg. [CNC]: e) NVG-24012E07 Green Is., 18-Aug-1981 and f) NVG-24012E06 Finnegan, 18-Aug-1986. g–k) Burnsius communis altus ssp. n. from USA, California: g–i) Tuolumne Co.: g) holotype ♂ NVG-23057F09 and h–i) paratypes: h) ♀ NVG-23032C12 and i) ♀ NVG- 23032C11 and j–k) El Dorado Co. paratypes: j) ♂ NVG-24012E04 and k) ♂ NVG-24012E05. l–m) Burnsius communis communis specimens sympatric or collected near B. communis altus ssp. n. from USA, California: l) ♀ NVG-23032D01, WRD 22433 Tuolumne Co. (data exactly as NVG-23032C12, see text) and m–n) ♂♂ from El Dorado Co., S of Lake Tahoe, Cold Creek, D. L. Bauer leg., 8-Sep-1988 [MGCL]: m) NVG-23058C05 and n) NVG-23058C06.	Fig. 15. Selected specimens of Burnsius communis in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views, data in text or below. a–d) Burnsius communis tenebrunis ssp. n.: a–b) types from USA, Oregon, Klamath Co.: a) holotype ♂ NVG-24064E07 and b) paratype ♀ NVG-23058A06 and c–d) non-type ♂♂ from Canada, British Columbia: c) NVG-24012E08 (slightly aberrant) and d) NVG-24012E09. e–f) Burnsius communis communis ♂♂ from Canada, Alberta, E. M. Pike leg. [CNC]: e) NVG-24012E07 Green Is., 18-Aug-1981 and f) NVG-24012E06 Finnegan, 18-Aug-1986. g–k) Burnsius communis altus ssp. n. from USA, California: g–i) Tuolumne Co.: g) holotype ♂ NVG-23057F09 and h–i) paratypes: h) ♀ NVG-23032C12 and i) ♀ NVG- 23032C11 and j–k) El Dorado Co. paratypes: j) ♂ NVG-24012E04 and k) ♂ NVG-24012E05. l–m) Burnsius communis communis specimens sympatric or collected near B. communis altus ssp. n. from USA, California: l) ♀ NVG-23032D01, WRD 22433 Tuolumne Co. (data exactly as NVG-23032C12, see text) and m–n) ♂♂ from El Dorado Co., S of Lake Tahoe, Cold Creek, D. L. Bauer leg., 8-Sep-1988 [MGCL]: m) NVG-23058C05 and n) NVG-23058C06.	2025-07-12	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.		Zenodo	biologists	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.			
42116960602AB323FE11272F5A50B8CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16570692/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16570692	Fig. 14. Phylogenetic trees of Burnsius communis specimens constructed from protein-coding regions in: a) the nuclear genome (autosomes), based on 10,128,060 positions, and b) the Z chromosome, based on 303,834 positions. The mitochondrial genome tree is not shown because it does not separate several species of Burnsius. Different subspecies are colored differently: B. communis tenebrunis ssp. n. (green), B. communis altus ssp. n. (magenta), B. communis communis (blue), and B. communis albescens (red). Labels of specimens from different clades collected in El Dorado and Tuolumne Counties, California, are highlighted in orange and yellow, respectively.	Fig. 14. Phylogenetic trees of Burnsius communis specimens constructed from protein-coding regions in: a) the nuclear genome (autosomes), based on 10,128,060 positions, and b) the Z chromosome, based on 303,834 positions. The mitochondrial genome tree is not shown because it does not separate several species of Burnsius. Different subspecies are colored differently: B. communis tenebrunis ssp. n. (green), B. communis altus ssp. n. (magenta), B. communis communis (blue), and B. communis albescens (red). Labels of specimens from different clades collected in El Dorado and Tuolumne Counties, California, are highlighted in orange and yellow, respectively.	2025-07-12	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.		Zenodo	biologists	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.			
42116960602AB323FE11272F5A50B8CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16570706/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16570706	Fig. 16. Male genitalia of Burnsius communis subspecies, holotypes in: a, c) left lateral and b, d) dorsal views, data in text: a–b) B. communis tenebrunis ssp. n. NVG-24064E07 and c–d) B. communis altus ssp. n. NVG- 23057F09.	Fig. 16. Male genitalia of Burnsius communis subspecies, holotypes in: a, c) left lateral and b, d) dorsal views, data in text: a–b) B. communis tenebrunis ssp. n. NVG-24064E07 and c–d) B. communis altus ssp. n. NVG- 23057F09.	2025-07-12	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.		Zenodo	biologists	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.			
42116960602AB323FE11272F5A50B8CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16570696/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16570696	Fig. 15. Selected specimens of Burnsius communis in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views, data in text or below. a–d) Burnsius communis tenebrunis ssp. n.: a–b) types from USA, Oregon, Klamath Co.: a) holotype ♂ NVG-24064E07 and b) paratype ♀ NVG-23058A06 and c–d) non-type ♂♂ from Canada, British Columbia: c) NVG-24012E08 (slightly aberrant) and d) NVG-24012E09. e–f) Burnsius communis communis ♂♂ from Canada, Alberta, E. M. Pike leg. [CNC]: e) NVG-24012E07 Green Is., 18-Aug-1981 and f) NVG-24012E06 Finnegan, 18-Aug-1986. g–k) Burnsius communis altus ssp. n. from USA, California: g–i) Tuolumne Co.: g) holotype ♂ NVG-23057F09 and h–i) paratypes: h) ♀ NVG-23032C12 and i) ♀ NVG- 23032C11 and j–k) El Dorado Co. paratypes: j) ♂ NVG-24012E04 and k) ♂ NVG-24012E05. l–m) Burnsius communis communis specimens sympatric or collected near B. communis altus ssp. n. from USA, California: l) ♀ NVG-23032D01, WRD 22433 Tuolumne Co. (data exactly as NVG-23032C12, see text) and m–n) ♂♂ from El Dorado Co., S of Lake Tahoe, Cold Creek, D. L. Bauer leg., 8-Sep-1988 [MGCL]: m) NVG-23058C05 and n) NVG-23058C06.	Fig. 15. Selected specimens of Burnsius communis in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views, data in text or below. a–d) Burnsius communis tenebrunis ssp. n.: a–b) types from USA, Oregon, Klamath Co.: a) holotype ♂ NVG-24064E07 and b) paratype ♀ NVG-23058A06 and c–d) non-type ♂♂ from Canada, British Columbia: c) NVG-24012E08 (slightly aberrant) and d) NVG-24012E09. e–f) Burnsius communis communis ♂♂ from Canada, Alberta, E. M. Pike leg. [CNC]: e) NVG-24012E07 Green Is., 18-Aug-1981 and f) NVG-24012E06 Finnegan, 18-Aug-1986. g–k) Burnsius communis altus ssp. n. from USA, California: g–i) Tuolumne Co.: g) holotype ♂ NVG-23057F09 and h–i) paratypes: h) ♀ NVG-23032C12 and i) ♀ NVG- 23032C11 and j–k) El Dorado Co. paratypes: j) ♂ NVG-24012E04 and k) ♂ NVG-24012E05. l–m) Burnsius communis communis specimens sympatric or collected near B. communis altus ssp. n. from USA, California: l) ♀ NVG-23032D01, WRD 22433 Tuolumne Co. (data exactly as NVG-23032C12, see text) and m–n) ♂♂ from El Dorado Co., S of Lake Tahoe, Cold Creek, D. L. Bauer leg., 8-Sep-1988 [MGCL]: m) NVG-23058C05 and n) NVG-23058C06.	2025-07-12	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.		Zenodo	biologists	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.			
42116960602BB322FEA326015C7DBDCF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16570710/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16570710	Fig. 17. Phylogenetic trees of selected Heliopetes (Heliopetes) alana relatives constructed from protein-coding regions in: a) the nuclear genome (autosomes), based on 887,994 positions, b) the Z chromosome, based on 261,456 positions, and c) the mitochondrial genome. Different species are colored differently: H. acuta (red), H. lana (blue), H. alana (green), H. chimbo (purple), H. petrus (Hübner, [1819]) (olive), H. ochroleuca J. Zikán, 1938 (cyan), and H. leucola (Hewitson, 1868) (black).	Fig. 17. Phylogenetic trees of selected Heliopetes (Heliopetes) alana relatives constructed from protein-coding regions in: a) the nuclear genome (autosomes), based on 887,994 positions, b) the Z chromosome, based on 261,456 positions, and c) the mitochondrial genome. Different species are colored differently: H. acuta (red), H. lana (blue), H. alana (green), H. chimbo (purple), H. petrus (Hübner, [1819]) (olive), H. ochroleuca J. Zikán, 1938 (cyan), and H. leucola (Hewitson, 1868) (black).	2025-07-12	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.		Zenodo	biologists	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.			
42116960602BB322FEA326015C7DBDCF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16570716/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16570716	Fig. 18. Male genitalia of Heliopetes (Heliopetes) acuta specimen NVG-23114F07 from Mexico: Oaxaca, Candelaria Loxicha, 31-Aug-1971, E. C. Welling leg., genitalia NVG241118-79 [CMNH] in left lateral (left) and dorsal (right) views.	Fig. 18. Male genitalia of Heliopetes (Heliopetes) acuta specimen NVG-23114F07 from Mexico: Oaxaca, Candelaria Loxicha, 31-Aug-1971, E. C. Welling leg., genitalia NVG241118-79 [CMNH] in left lateral (left) and dorsal (right) views.	2025-07-12	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.		Zenodo	biologists	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.			
421169606028B326FE46261D592ABE9F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16570720/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16570720	Fig. 19. A map of sequenced specimens from the Ochlodes sylvanoides group. Species are shown as symbols of different shapes and subspecies are denoted by color: O. santacruza (stars), O. sylvanoides (squares), and O. napa (circles); O. santacruza santacruza (red), O. santacruza catalina (orange), O. sylvanoides sylvanoides including orecoasta, bonnevilla, and omnigena (green), O. sylvanoides dempwolfi ssp. n. (violet), O. sylvanoides paranapa ssp. n. (magenta), O. napa kaibab (blue), and O. napa napa (yellow). The type localities are marked with tiny white circles inside symbols, and names of corresponding subspecies are placed nearby.	Fig. 19. A map of sequenced specimens from the Ochlodes sylvanoides group. Species are shown as symbols of different shapes and subspecies are denoted by color: O. santacruza (stars), O. sylvanoides (squares), and O. napa (circles); O. santacruza santacruza (red), O. santacruza catalina (orange), O. sylvanoides sylvanoides including orecoasta, bonnevilla, and omnigena (green), O. sylvanoides dempwolfi ssp. n. (violet), O. sylvanoides paranapa ssp. n. (magenta), O. napa kaibab (blue), and O. napa napa (yellow). The type localities are marked with tiny white circles inside symbols, and names of corresponding subspecies are placed nearby.	2025-07-12	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.		Zenodo	biologists	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.			
421169606028B326FE46261D592ABE9F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16570726/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16570726	Fig. 20 (see the previous two pages). Phylogenetic trees of the Ochlodes sylvanoides group species constructed from proteincoding regions in: a) the nuclear genome (autosomes), based on 312,678 positions, and b) the mitochondrial genome. Different	Fig. 20 (see the previous two pages). Phylogenetic trees of the Ochlodes sylvanoides group species constructed from proteincoding regions in: a) the nuclear genome (autosomes), based on 312,678 positions, and b) the mitochondrial genome. Different	2025-07-12	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.		Zenodo	biologists	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.			
42116960602FB325FE9B245159E2BD29.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16570720/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16570720	Fig. 19. A map of sequenced specimens from the Ochlodes sylvanoides group. Species are shown as symbols of different shapes and subspecies are denoted by color: O. santacruza (stars), O. sylvanoides (squares), and O. napa (circles); O. santacruza santacruza (red), O. santacruza catalina (orange), O. sylvanoides sylvanoides including orecoasta, bonnevilla, and omnigena (green), O. sylvanoides dempwolfi ssp. n. (violet), O. sylvanoides paranapa ssp. n. (magenta), O. napa kaibab (blue), and O. napa napa (yellow). The type localities are marked with tiny white circles inside symbols, and names of corresponding subspecies are placed nearby.	Fig. 19. A map of sequenced specimens from the Ochlodes sylvanoides group. Species are shown as symbols of different shapes and subspecies are denoted by color: O. santacruza (stars), O. sylvanoides (squares), and O. napa (circles); O. santacruza santacruza (red), O. santacruza catalina (orange), O. sylvanoides sylvanoides including orecoasta, bonnevilla, and omnigena (green), O. sylvanoides dempwolfi ssp. n. (violet), O. sylvanoides paranapa ssp. n. (magenta), O. napa kaibab (blue), and O. napa napa (yellow). The type localities are marked with tiny white circles inside symbols, and names of corresponding subspecies are placed nearby.	2025-07-12	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.		Zenodo	biologists	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.			
42116960602FB325FE9B245159E2BD29.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16570726/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16570726	Fig. 20 (see the previous two pages). Phylogenetic trees of the Ochlodes sylvanoides group species constructed from proteincoding regions in: a) the nuclear genome (autosomes), based on 312,678 positions, and b) the mitochondrial genome. Different	Fig. 20 (see the previous two pages). Phylogenetic trees of the Ochlodes sylvanoides group species constructed from proteincoding regions in: a) the nuclear genome (autosomes), based on 312,678 positions, and b) the mitochondrial genome. Different	2025-07-12	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.		Zenodo	biologists	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.			
42116960602FB325FE9B245159E2BD29.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16570728/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16570728	Fig. 21. Selected specimens of Ochlodes (Ochluma) sylvanoides group from USA in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views, data in text or below [MGCL unless indicated]: a) O. sylvanoides sylvanoides ♂ NVG-24126B08 MT, Missoula Co., Nine Mile Creek, 8-Aug-1988, S. Kohler leg.; b–d) O. sylvanoides paranapa ssp. n.: b) holotype ♂ NVG-24126C06 WY, Washakie Co. and paratypes: c) ♂ NVG-24126B10 MT, Big Horn Co. and d) ♂ NVG-24127A08 SD, Butte Co.; e–f) O. sylvanoides dempwolfi ssp. n. from ND, Slope Co.: e) holotype ♂ NVG-23032D05 and f) paratype ♀ NVG-23032D03 [WRD]; g–h) O. napa kaibab from WY: g) ♂ NVG-24126C02 Park Co., Front, Dead Indian Hill, 6400’, 3-Aug-2000, E. H. Williams leg. and h) ♀ NVG-24126C07 Teton Co., Yellowstone National Park, Mammoth Hot Springs, 16-Aug-1972, D. L. Lindsley leg.; i–j) O. napa napa: i) ♂ NVG-24126C04 WY, Carbon Co., Saratoga, 3-Aug-1981, D. L. Eiler leg. and j) ♀ NVG-24127A05 CO, El Paso Co., Garden of Gods, 12-18-Jul-1986, J. Hyatt leg.	Fig. 21. Selected specimens of Ochlodes (Ochluma) sylvanoides group from USA in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views, data in text or below [MGCL unless indicated]: a) O. sylvanoides sylvanoides ♂ NVG-24126B08 MT, Missoula Co., Nine Mile Creek, 8-Aug-1988, S. Kohler leg.; b–d) O. sylvanoides paranapa ssp. n.: b) holotype ♂ NVG-24126C06 WY, Washakie Co. and paratypes: c) ♂ NVG-24126B10 MT, Big Horn Co. and d) ♂ NVG-24127A08 SD, Butte Co.; e–f) O. sylvanoides dempwolfi ssp. n. from ND, Slope Co.: e) holotype ♂ NVG-23032D05 and f) paratype ♀ NVG-23032D03 [WRD]; g–h) O. napa kaibab from WY: g) ♂ NVG-24126C02 Park Co., Front, Dead Indian Hill, 6400’, 3-Aug-2000, E. H. Williams leg. and h) ♀ NVG-24126C07 Teton Co., Yellowstone National Park, Mammoth Hot Springs, 16-Aug-1972, D. L. Lindsley leg.; i–j) O. napa napa: i) ♂ NVG-24126C04 WY, Carbon Co., Saratoga, 3-Aug-1981, D. L. Eiler leg. and j) ♀ NVG-24127A05 CO, El Paso Co., Garden of Gods, 12-18-Jul-1986, J. Hyatt leg.	2025-07-12	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.		Zenodo	biologists	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.			
42116960602DB31BFEA2261D5A08BEBC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16570720/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16570720	Fig. 19. A map of sequenced specimens from the Ochlodes sylvanoides group. Species are shown as symbols of different shapes and subspecies are denoted by color: O. santacruza (stars), O. sylvanoides (squares), and O. napa (circles); O. santacruza santacruza (red), O. santacruza catalina (orange), O. sylvanoides sylvanoides including orecoasta, bonnevilla, and omnigena (green), O. sylvanoides dempwolfi ssp. n. (violet), O. sylvanoides paranapa ssp. n. (magenta), O. napa kaibab (blue), and O. napa napa (yellow). The type localities are marked with tiny white circles inside symbols, and names of corresponding subspecies are placed nearby.	Fig. 19. A map of sequenced specimens from the Ochlodes sylvanoides group. Species are shown as symbols of different shapes and subspecies are denoted by color: O. santacruza (stars), O. sylvanoides (squares), and O. napa (circles); O. santacruza santacruza (red), O. santacruza catalina (orange), O. sylvanoides sylvanoides including orecoasta, bonnevilla, and omnigena (green), O. sylvanoides dempwolfi ssp. n. (violet), O. sylvanoides paranapa ssp. n. (magenta), O. napa kaibab (blue), and O. napa napa (yellow). The type localities are marked with tiny white circles inside symbols, and names of corresponding subspecies are placed nearby.	2025-07-12	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.		Zenodo	biologists	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.			
42116960602DB31BFEA2261D5A08BEBC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16570726/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16570726	Fig. 20 (see the previous two pages). Phylogenetic trees of the Ochlodes sylvanoides group species constructed from proteincoding regions in: a) the nuclear genome (autosomes), based on 312,678 positions, and b) the mitochondrial genome. Different	Fig. 20 (see the previous two pages). Phylogenetic trees of the Ochlodes sylvanoides group species constructed from proteincoding regions in: a) the nuclear genome (autosomes), based on 312,678 positions, and b) the mitochondrial genome. Different	2025-07-12	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.		Zenodo	biologists	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.			
42116960602DB31BFEA2261D5A08BEBC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16570728/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16570728	Fig. 21. Selected specimens of Ochlodes (Ochluma) sylvanoides group from USA in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views, data in text or below [MGCL unless indicated]: a) O. sylvanoides sylvanoides ♂ NVG-24126B08 MT, Missoula Co., Nine Mile Creek, 8-Aug-1988, S. Kohler leg.; b–d) O. sylvanoides paranapa ssp. n.: b) holotype ♂ NVG-24126C06 WY, Washakie Co. and paratypes: c) ♂ NVG-24126B10 MT, Big Horn Co. and d) ♂ NVG-24127A08 SD, Butte Co.; e–f) O. sylvanoides dempwolfi ssp. n. from ND, Slope Co.: e) holotype ♂ NVG-23032D05 and f) paratype ♀ NVG-23032D03 [WRD]; g–h) O. napa kaibab from WY: g) ♂ NVG-24126C02 Park Co., Front, Dead Indian Hill, 6400’, 3-Aug-2000, E. H. Williams leg. and h) ♀ NVG-24126C07 Teton Co., Yellowstone National Park, Mammoth Hot Springs, 16-Aug-1972, D. L. Lindsley leg.; i–j) O. napa napa: i) ♂ NVG-24126C04 WY, Carbon Co., Saratoga, 3-Aug-1981, D. L. Eiler leg. and j) ♀ NVG-24127A05 CO, El Paso Co., Garden of Gods, 12-18-Jul-1986, J. Hyatt leg.	Fig. 21. Selected specimens of Ochlodes (Ochluma) sylvanoides group from USA in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views, data in text or below [MGCL unless indicated]: a) O. sylvanoides sylvanoides ♂ NVG-24126B08 MT, Missoula Co., Nine Mile Creek, 8-Aug-1988, S. Kohler leg.; b–d) O. sylvanoides paranapa ssp. n.: b) holotype ♂ NVG-24126C06 WY, Washakie Co. and paratypes: c) ♂ NVG-24126B10 MT, Big Horn Co. and d) ♂ NVG-24127A08 SD, Butte Co.; e–f) O. sylvanoides dempwolfi ssp. n. from ND, Slope Co.: e) holotype ♂ NVG-23032D05 and f) paratype ♀ NVG-23032D03 [WRD]; g–h) O. napa kaibab from WY: g) ♂ NVG-24126C02 Park Co., Front, Dead Indian Hill, 6400’, 3-Aug-2000, E. H. Williams leg. and h) ♀ NVG-24126C07 Teton Co., Yellowstone National Park, Mammoth Hot Springs, 16-Aug-1972, D. L. Lindsley leg.; i–j) O. napa napa: i) ♂ NVG-24126C04 WY, Carbon Co., Saratoga, 3-Aug-1981, D. L. Eiler leg. and j) ♀ NVG-24127A05 CO, El Paso Co., Garden of Gods, 12-18-Jul-1986, J. Hyatt leg.	2025-07-12	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.		Zenodo	biologists	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.			
421169606012B31AFE50247C5D67BC8F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16570734/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16570734	Fig. 22. Phylogenetic trees of Thespieus dalman relatives constructed from protein-coding regions in: a) the nuclear genome (autosomes), based on 9,744,243 positions, b) the Z chromosome, based on 373,431 positions, and c) the mitochondrial genome. Different species are colored differently: T. guerreronis Dyar, 1913 (cyan), T. dalman (purple), T. mandal (green), T. grandosul sp. n. (magenta), and T. ethemides (blue).	Fig. 22. Phylogenetic trees of Thespieus dalman relatives constructed from protein-coding regions in: a) the nuclear genome (autosomes), based on 9,744,243 positions, b) the Z chromosome, based on 373,431 positions, and c) the mitochondrial genome. Different species are colored differently: T. guerreronis Dyar, 1913 (cyan), T. dalman (purple), T. mandal (green), T. grandosul sp. n. (magenta), and T. ethemides (blue).	2025-07-12	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.		Zenodo	biologists	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.			
421169606012B31AFE50247C5D67BC8F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16570738/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16570738	Fig. 23. Thespieus grandosul sp. n. holotype ♂ NVG-23109G03 in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views.	Fig. 23. Thespieus grandosul sp. n. holotype ♂ NVG-23109G03 in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views.	2025-07-12	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.		Zenodo	biologists	Zhang, Jing;Cong, Qian;Shen, Jinhui;Song, Leina;Grishin, Nick V.			
