taxonID	type	description	language	source
63A16D77191C55C8986E2628E872C376.taxon	description	Figs 2, 3 A, 4; Suppl. Figs S 1 A, S 2 A; Table 3	en	Zhang, Tierui, Xu, Yuhao, Nguyen, Tan Van, Poyarkov, Nikolay A., Vogel, Gernot, Wang, Xinge, Huang, Song (2025): A new species of the genus Calamaria H. Boie in F. Boie, 1827 (Squamata, Calamariidae) from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China. ZooKeys 1253: 255-275, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1253.161412
63A16D77191C55C8986E2628E872C376.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Calamaria synergis sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other congeners by the following combination of morphological characters: eight enlarged maxillary teeth; rostral higher than wide; prefrontal shorter than frontal and contacting the first two supralabials; mental not in contact with anterior chin shields; single preocular and postocular; four supralabials, with the 2 nd and 3 rd contacting the eye; five infralabials; five scales surrounding the paraparietal; ventrals 161 – 166; subcaudals 20 – 23, paired; dorsal scales reduced to six rows at the tail base and further to four rows near the terminal subcaudals; tail relatively short (6.6 – 9.2 % of total length), abruptly tapering at the tip; dorsum blackish-brown with a distinct pale nuchal ring; two outermost dorsal scale rows pale khaki with upper margins darkened; ventral surface uniform pale khaki.	en	Zhang, Tierui, Xu, Yuhao, Nguyen, Tan Van, Poyarkov, Nikolay A., Vogel, Gernot, Wang, Xinge, Huang, Song (2025): A new species of the genus Calamaria H. Boie in F. Boie, 1827 (Squamata, Calamariidae) from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China. ZooKeys 1253: 255-275, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1253.161412
63A16D77191C55C8986E2628E872C376.taxon	description	Description of the holotype (Fig. 2). Specimen ANU ZR 24046 is in excellent condition. Body slender and cylindrical (SVL 258 mm, TL 284 mm); body thickness ~ 4.3 – 5.9 mm; tail not as thick as body, base of tail 3.6 mm thick. Tail short (TaL 26 mm, TaL / TL 9.2 %); tail uniformly cylindrical in the anterior part, then abruptly tapering at tip; tip of tail obtusely pointed; head small, elliptical in dorsal view (HL 7.3 mm, HW 4.6 mm, HH 3.7 mm); eye small and round (EyeD 1.2 mm), larger than eye-mouth distance (Eye-MouthD 0.9 mm), ED / HL 16.4 %. Rostral higher than wide (width 1.4 mm, height 1.6 mm), portion visible from dorsal aspect almost equal to the length of the prefrontal suture; prefrontal (length 1.8 mm) shorter than frontal (length 3.1 mm), not entering orbit, in contact with 1 st and 2 nd supralabial; frontal hexagonal, longer (length 3.1 mm) than wide (width 2.4 mm), ~ 3.0 times maximum width (0.8 mm) of supraocular; paraparietal surrounded by five scales; preocular 1 / 1 (left / right, hereinafter), higher than wide, slightly higher than postocular, not as high as eye diameter; postocular 1 / 1, higher than wide; nasals small, barely surrounding nostrils, surrounded by the 1 st supralabial, rostral and prefrontal; supralabials 4 / 4, 2 nd and 3 rd entering orbit, 4 th largest, relative supralabial width 4> 2> 1> 3; mental triangular, not in contact with the anterior chin shields; infralabials 5 / 5, the first three pairs touching anterior chin shields, the first pair meeting in the midline, 4 th largest; anterior chin shields longer than wide (length 2.1 mm, width 1.1 mm), pentagonal, meeting in the midline; posterior chin shields shorter than the anterior ones (length 1.6 mm), touching anteriorly and separated posteriorly by the first gular scales. Dorsal scales in 13 rows throughout the body, reducing to six rows above the 7 th subcaudal and to four rows above the penultimate pair of subcaudals. Dorsal scales homogeneous in size and entirely smooth; vertebral row not enlarged. Ventrals 161. Anal plate undivided. Subcaudals 20, paired, smooth; terminal scale single and rigid.	en	Zhang, Tierui, Xu, Yuhao, Nguyen, Tan Van, Poyarkov, Nikolay A., Vogel, Gernot, Wang, Xinge, Huang, Song (2025): A new species of the genus Calamaria H. Boie in F. Boie, 1827 (Squamata, Calamariidae) from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China. ZooKeys 1253: 255-275, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1253.161412
63A16D77191C55C8986E2628E872C376.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name synergis is a Latin noun given in the apposition, derived from the Greek synergos (συνεργός), meaning “ working together ”. It emphasises that the resolution of the taxonomic status of the new species is the outcome of coordinated international scientific cooperation. The name is given in reference to both the collaborative effort involved in describing this new species and the broader need for joint action to address the complex taxonomic problems within the genus Calamaria in the future. We suggest the following common names: “ Mountain Jinuo reed snake ” (English), “ 基诺两头蛇 ” (Chinese), “ R ắn mai g ầm hi ệp l ực ” (Vietnamese), and “ Цзинхунская карликовая змея ” (Tszinhunskaya karlikovaya zmeya, Russian).	en	Zhang, Tierui, Xu, Yuhao, Nguyen, Tan Van, Poyarkov, Nikolay A., Vogel, Gernot, Wang, Xinge, Huang, Song (2025): A new species of the genus Calamaria H. Boie in F. Boie, 1827 (Squamata, Calamariidae) from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China. ZooKeys 1253: 255-275, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1253.161412
63A16D77191C55C8986E2628E872C376.taxon	distribution	Natural history, distribution, and conservation status. Calamaria synergis sp. nov. is currently known only from tropical evergreen forest at its type locality (see Fig. 5), at an elevation of ca 1,050 m asl. This region is characterised by high herpetofaunal diversity, with several snake species occurring sympatrically in the same habitat, including Oligodon fasciolatus (Günther), Lycodon fasciatus (Anderson), Plagiopholis nuchalis Boulenger, and Trimeresurus lanna Idiiatullina, Nguyen, Pawangkhanant, Suwannapoom, Chanhome, Mirza, David, Vogel & Poyarkov (see also Idiiatullina et al. 2024; Vogel et al. 2024). It seems highly likely that the new species also occurs in the adjacent mountainous areas of eastern Myanmar, northern Laos, and northeastern Vietnam. Due to the limited information available on the ecology and potential threats of Calamaria synergis sp. nov., we recommend that the new species be classified as Data Deficient (DD) according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2025).	en	Zhang, Tierui, Xu, Yuhao, Nguyen, Tan Van, Poyarkov, Nikolay A., Vogel, Gernot, Wang, Xinge, Huang, Song (2025): A new species of the genus Calamaria H. Boie in F. Boie, 1827 (Squamata, Calamariidae) from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China. ZooKeys 1253: 255-275, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1253.161412
