taxonID	type	description	language	source
3E2187B4F552FFD5FFF8F935FB61F926.taxon	description	Desmopsis biseriata is recognized by its large leaves 17 – 42 by 9 – 17 cm, fruiting pedicels 20 – 25 mm long, basal and upper scale-like bracts, and by its relatively large monocarps (12 – 30 by 12 – 20 mm) with seeds arranged in two rows, borne on relatively long stipes (10 – 25 mm long). — Type: Nee & Hansen 14106 (holo MO), Panama, Bocas del Toro, on Fila Almirante, along trail to Risco Abajo, 3 km SW of town of Almirante, 100 – 200 m, 3 Jan. 1975. Tree or shrub 2.5 – 5 m tall, c. 5 cm diam; young twigs and petiole glabrous. Leaves: petiole 5 – 15 mm long, 1 – 2 mm diam; lamina elliptic, 17 – 42 by 9 – 17 cm, chartaceous, verruculose on both sides, glabrous above, glabrous below, except for some hairs along primary vein, base obtuse, apex obtuse to acuminate (acumen 10 – 15 mm long), primary vein impressed above, secondary veins 5 – 10 on either side of primary vein, raised above, tertiary veins slightly raised above, reticulate. Inflorescence and flower indument: pedicels and outer side of bracts sparsely covered with appressed hairs to glabrous. Inflorescences: flowers not seen. Infructescence bearing 1 fruit, leaf-opposed; fruiting pedicels 20 – 25 mm long, 2 – 4 mm diam; basal and upper bract scale-like, broadly ovate-triangular, 1 – 2 mm long. Monocarps 5 – 20, green to yellow, maturing dark purple, ellipsoid-oblongoid to spherical, 12 – 30 by 12 – 20 mm, glabrous, apex rounded, slightly constricted between the seeds upon drying, wall c. 0.5 mm thick, stipes 10 – 25 mm long, 1 – 2 mm diam. Seeds 2 – 14, in two rows, hemidiscoid or quartispherical, 9 – 12 by 6 – 8 by 3 mm, grooved and slightly pitted. Distribution — Costa Rica, Panama. Habitat & Ecology — In forest. At elevations of 0 – 600 m. Flowering: unknown; fruiting: July, October, December. Vernacular names — Not recorded. Other specimens examined. COSTA RICA, Limón, Talamanca, Bajo Telire, Río Telire, 400 – 600 m, Gómez P. 24132 (MO); Hitoy Cerere reserve, SW of Valle La Estrella, ridge between Río Cerere and Quebrada Barrera, 150 – 550 m, Grayum et al. 5814 (MO); Cordillera de Talamanca, along ridge between Quebrada Camagre and Río Barbilla, 180 – 480 m, Grayum et al. 8906 (MO); Reserva Indígena Talamanca Sukut, desembocadura del Río Sukut en el Río Urén, 350 – 550 m, Hammel et al. 17556 (MO). – PANAMA, Bocas del Toro, c. 15 km S of the town of Changuinola, vicinity of Changuinola 1 dam site, 900 – 1500 ft, Antonio 3140 (MO); on hill above RR station at Milla, 7.5, Croat & Porter 16414 (MO); Distr. Changuinola, a 1.5 km de la casa del Sr. Justo Perez, cerca Rancho Quemado, a orillas de la Quebrada Bonyic, 200 m, Hernández et al. 663 (PMA). Note — Desmopsis biseriata can be recognized by its relatively large monocarps (12 – 30 by 12 – 20 mm) with seeds arranged in two rows, borne on relatively long stipes (10 – 25 mm long), combined with large leaves up to 42 cm long, and relatively short pedicels (20 – 25 mm long).	en	Schatz, G. E., Maas, P. J. M., Kamer, H. Maas-van de, Westra, L. Y. T., Wieringa, J. J. (2018): Revision of the Neotropical genus Desmopsis (Annonaceae). Blumea 63 (1): 67-86, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07
3E2187B4F552FFD4FCA2F90FFE8AF955.taxon	description	Desmopsis brachypoda is recognized by its leaves which are verruculose on both sides and rather densely to sparsely covered with appressed hairs below, relatively small number of secondary veins (6 – 8 per side), short pedicels (10 – 15 mm long) with scale-like basal and upper bracts. — Type: Monro & Cafferty 4904 (holo MO; iso BM 2 sheets, INB, MEXU, PMA), Panama, Bocas del Toro, Caribbean slope of Cerro Fábrega at foot of ‘ Falso Fábrega’ in Palo Seco Reserve, second northernmost tributary of Culubre River, Pavón Camp, 1300 m, 23 Mar. 2005. Tree 2 – 8 m tall, c. 10 cm diam; young twigs and petiole rather densely covered with appressed, brown hairs, soon glabrous. Leaves: petiole 5 – 10 mm long, c. 1 mm diam; lamina elliptic, 10 – 16 by 4 – 7 cm, chartaceous, verruculose on both sides, glabrous above, except for some hairs along primary vein, rather densely to sparsely covered with appressed hairs below, base obtuse and slightly attenuate, apex acute to acuminate (acumen 5 – 10 mm long), primary vein impressed above, secondary veins 6 – 8 on either side of primary vein, slightly raised above, tertiary veins slightly raised above, reticulate. Inflorescence and flower indument: pedicels and outer side of bracts, sepals, and petals densely to rather densely covered with appressed hairs. Inflorescences 1 – 2 (– 8) - flowered, leaf-opposed; pedicels 10 – 15 mm long, c. 1 mm diam; basal and upper bract scale-like, broadly ovate-triangular, 1 – 3 mm long; sepals broadly triangular, 4 – 6 by 4 – 6 mm, reflexed; petals pale green to pale yellow, subequal, narrowly triangular, 15 – 21 by 3 – 4 mm, margins revolute. Monocarps 3 – 9, yellow-green, maturing bright orange, oblongoid-ellipsoid, 10 – 22 by 7 – 15 mm, glabrous, apex rounded, slightly constricted between the seeds upon drying, wall c. 0.3 mm thick, stipes 4 – 11 mm long, 1 – 3 mm diam. Seeds 2 – 5, in one row, discoid or hemispherical, 9 – 11 by 2 – 3 mm, smooth to slightly grooved. Distribution — Panama. Habitat & Ecology — In semi-evergreen forest. At elevations of 980 – 1300 m. Flowering: March; fruiting: March. Vernacular names — Not recorded. Other specimens examined. PANAMA, Bocas del Toro, Caribbean slope of Cerro Fábrega at foot of ‘ Falso Fábrega’ in Palo Seco Reserve, second northernmost tributary of Culubre River, Pavón Camp, 980 m, Monro & Cafferty 4692 (BM, MO, PMA), 1300 m, Monro & Cafferty 4882 (PMA); Parque Internacional La Amistad, faldas del Cerro Falso Fabrega, 1020 m, Santamaria et al. 7708 (PMA); Changuinola, Parque Internacional La Amistad, 999 m, Solano et al. 5817 (PMA). Note — Desmopsis brachypoda is distinguished by its relatively short pedicels (10 – 15 mm long), hence the specific name. It is also characterized by an indument of appressed hairs on the lower leaf side, and a relatively low number of secondary veins (only 6 – 8).	en	Schatz, G. E., Maas, P. J. M., Kamer, H. Maas-van de, Westra, L. Y. T., Wieringa, J. J. (2018): Revision of the Neotropical genus Desmopsis (Annonaceae). Blumea 63 (1): 67-86, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07
3E2187B4F553FFD4FFF8F923FA2EFB58.taxon	description	Desmopsis colombiana is recognized by its relatively short pedicels (10 – 30 mm long) bearing scale-like basal and upper bracts, small, reflexed sepals (1 – 2 by 1 – 2 mm), and a small number of monocarps (2 – 4) with 1 – 3 seeds. — Type: Cogollo 893 (holo MO), Colombia, Antioquia, San Luis, Parque ecológico, Cañón del Río Claro, sector nor-oriental, margen derecha, 325 – 475 m, 28 Oct. 1983. Shrub or tree 3 – 12 m tall, diam not recorded; young twigs and petiole rather densely covered with appressed hairs, soon glabrous. Leaves: petiole 5 – 10 mm long, c. 2 mm diam; lamina narrowly elliptic to elliptic, sometimes narrowly ovate-elliptic, 11 – 20 by 4 – 8 cm, chartaceous, shiny and glabrous above, subglabrous below, base acute to obtuse, apex acuminate (acumen 5 – 20 mm long), primary vein impressed above, secondary veins 8 – 10 on either side of primary vein, raised above, tertiary veins raised above, reticulate. Inflorescence and flower indument: pedicels, outer side of bracts, sepals and petals sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed hairs. Inflorescences 1 – 3 - flowered (sometimes up to 15 - flowered), leaf-opposed; flowering and fruiting pedicels 10 – 30 mm long, 0.5 – 1 mm diam; basal and upper bract scale-like, broadly ovate, 1 – 2 mm long; sepals broadly ovate-triangular, 1 – 2 by 1 – 2 mm, reflexed; petals yellow, subequal, narrowly triangular, 15 – 30 by 3 – 5 mm, margins revolute. Monocarps 2 – 4, maturing red, spherical to ellipsoid, 13 – 20 by 12 – 20 mm, sparsely covered with appressed hairs, soon glabrous, apex rounded, slightly constricted between the seeds upon drying, wall c. 0.5 mm thick, stipes 5 – 15 mm long, c. 1 mm diam. Seeds 1 – 3, in one row, spherical, discoid or hemispherical, 10 – 11 by 3 – 6 mm, grooved. Distribution — Colombia (Antioquia). Habitat & Ecology — In forest. At elevations of 300 – 600 m. Flowering: June, July, September, October; fruiting: January, March, July, September, October. Vernacular names — Not recorded. Other specimens examined. COLOMBIA, Antioquia, San Luis, Parque ecológico, Cañón del Río Claro, 350 – 475 m, Cogollo & Borja 477 (MO), 325 – 360 m, Cogollo & Borja 507 (MO), 330 – 400 m, Cogollo & Borja 741 (MO), 340 – 500 m, Cogollo 1080 (MO), 325 m, Cogollo & Borja 1220 (MO), 325 – 500 m, Cogollo 1438 (MO), 350 – 400 m, Cogollo 1469 (MO); Río Claro, carretera al Cairo, 600 m, Rentería A. & Cogollo 2745 (MO); Reserva Natural Río Claro, trail up steep slope, 449 m, Maas et al. 10483 (COL). Notes — Desmopsis colombiana occurs in the Río Claro region in Antioquia. It is characterized by minute, scale-like bracts, relatively short pedicels (10 – 30 mm long), few monocarps (2 – 4), and small sepals (1 – 2 mm long). In some of the collections we found old remnants of pedicels which showed up to 15 flowers or more (Cogollo 1080)!	en	Schatz, G. E., Maas, P. J. M., Kamer, H. Maas-van de, Westra, L. Y. T., Wieringa, J. J. (2018): Revision of the Neotropical genus Desmopsis (Annonaceae). Blumea 63 (1): 67-86, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07
3E2187B4F553FFD6FCA2FAD6FA6FFDED.taxon	description	Desmopsis confusa is recognized by its leaves which are densely covered with long-persisting erect hairs, long pedicels (50 – 70 mm long, expanding to 120 mm in fruit) bearing a leafy basal bract and scale-like upper bract, and a relatively large number of monocarps (10 – 25) with thin walls (0.1 – 0.2 mm thick) borne on slender stipes (c. 1 mm diam). — Type: Busey 650 (holo MO; iso DUKE, INIREB, LL, MEXU, NY, PMA, RB, U), Panama, Chiriquí, 2 – 8 km N of Cañas Gordas, 1000 – 1100 m, 26 Feb. 1973. Shrub or tree 2 – 10 m tall, diam not recorded; young twigs and petiole densely covered with long-persisting, erect, brownish hairs 0.2 – 0.5 mm long (velutinous). Leaves: petiole 3 – 10 mm long, 1 – 2 mm diam; lamina elliptic to ovate or narrowly so, 8 – 19 (– 22) by 3 – 7 (– 9) cm, chartaceous, glabrous above, but primary vein mostly covered with erect, brown hairs, densely covered with long-persisting, erect, brownish hairs 0.2 – 0.4 mm long below (velutinous), base acute to obtuse, apex acute to acuminate (acumen 5 – 10 mm long), the extreme tip mostly obtuse, primary vein impressed above, secondary veins 6 – 10 on either side of primary vein, slightly raised above, tertiary veins slightly raised above, reticulate to slightly percurrent. Inflorescence and flower indument: pedicels and outer side of bracts, and sepals densely to rather densely covered with erect hairs (velutinous), petals densely to rather densely covered with mainly appressed hairs. Inflorescences 1 - or 2 - flowered, leaf-opposed, but sometimes produced from the main trunk; pedicels 50 – 70 mm long, 0.5 – 1 mm diam, to 60 – 120 mm long and 1 – 2 mm diam in fruit; basal bract leafy, broadly ovate to broadly ovate-cordate, 2 – 25 by 3 – 20 mm, upper bract scale-like, mostly <1 mm long, hardly observable; sepals ovate-triangular, 4 – 6 (– 9) by 3 – 4 mm; petals green, maturing yellow, equal, narrowly triangular to ovate-triangular, 10 – 20 by 4 – 9 mm. Monocarps 10 – 25, green to yellow, maturing red to finally dark purple to black, oblongoid-ellipsoid to spherical, 5 – 25 by 5 – 15 mm, sparsely covered with appressed hairs, soon glabrous, apex rounded, slightly constricted between the seeds upon drying, wall 0.1 – 0.2 mm thick, stipes 5 – 15 mm long, c. 1 mm diam. Seeds 1 – 5, in one row, speroid, discoid or hemispherical, 6 – 10 by 2 – 3 mm, pale brown, grooved. Distribution — Costa Rica, Panama. Habitat & Ecology — In premontane wet forest. At elevations of 1000 – 1800 m, sometimes going down to 100 m. Flowering: January to March, and May; fruiting: all year through. Vernacular names — Not recorded. Field observations — ‘ Flowers smell like ripe bananas’ (Burger & Mata 4446, Schatz 1061, Costa Rica). Other specimens examined. COSTA RICA, Puntarenas, Reserva Forestal Golfo Dulce, entrada a Chocuaco, Rincón, 100 m, Aguilar 629 (MO); Cuenca Terraba-Sierpe, Las Melliza, Cafrosa, 1200 m, Alfaro 1936 (MO); Cerro Pando, ridges above the Río Coton and the Río Negro, 1000 – 1800 m, Barringer & Gómez 1635 (CR, F, MO); Forested slopes E of Las Cruces and 5 – 6 km S of San Vito on and around the property of Mr. Robert Wilson, 1100 – 1200 m, Burger & Matta 4446 (F), 4468 (F), 4492 (F, GH, LL, US); forest remnant on slopes NE of Sabalito along road to La Union, 800 m, Burger & Matta 4539 (BM, F, MO, NY); Cantón de Buenos Aires, Ujarrás, cabeceras del Río Kuiyé, siguiendo la fila que lleva a Olán, 1400 m, Chacón 369 (CR, F, MO); Finca Loma Linda, 1 mile SW of Cañas Gordas, 1150 m, Croat 22234 (MO, NY); vicinity of first large concrete culvert before Finca Las Alturas at Cotón, Río Cotón, 1300 m, Croat 44378 (MO, U); 6 km S of San Vito de Java at Finca las Cruces, Gillis & Plowman 10149 (F, U); Cotón, base SW Cerro Pando, 1300 m, Gómez et al. 18132 (CR); La Tigra – Las Mellizas, 1280 m, Gómez et al. 21968 (F, MO, U); Coto Brus, San Vito, Las Cruces, Jardín Botánico R. & S. Wilson, sendero principal alrededor de la Estación, 1200 m, Gómez­Laurito et al. 11925 (CR, F, MO); Cuenca Térraba-Sierpe, Altamira, Finca de ASOPROLA, 1100 m, González et al. 431 (INB, MO); along Río Marzo, near crossing of road c. 3 km SW of Las Alturas de Coto Brus, 1310 m, Grayum & Hammel 5658 (MO); Jardín Botánico Wilson, primary forest on slopes and ridges to W of Río Jaba, 1.5 – 2 km SW of Las Cruces de Coto Brus, 1140 m, Grayum 9272 (MO); above La Tigra, Talamanca Mts, 1400 – 1600 m, Hazlett 5068 (F); Cantón de Golfito Jiménez, Dos Brazos de Río Tigre, cuenca superior del Río Madrigal, 300 m, Herrera 4694 (CR, MO); Cuenca Terraba-Sierpe, hacienda la Amistad, Zona Protectora Las Tablas, 1256 m, Kriebel 3 (INB); Las Alturas de Cotón N of San Vito de Java, 4000 ft, Las Cruces Tropical Botanical Garden 74 ­ 225 (MO); Zona Protectora Las Tablas Sector Río Negro abajo, 1600 – 1800 m, Mora 239 (CR, INB, MO); N of La Lucha on road to Progresso, 1200 m, Murphy 1228 (DUKE), Murphy 1246 (DUKE); Coto Brus, Finca Cafrosa, 1220 m, Navarro 265 (INB, MO); around Wilson’s finca, 6 km S of San Vito de Java, 4000 ft, Raven 20924 (F); along Río Jaba, S of San Vito de Coto Brus, 1150 m, Schatz 1001 (MO); Las Cruces Botanical Garden, about 5 km S of San Vito along road to Villa Neily, 1100 – 1200 m, Schatz 1061 (MO, WIS); alrededores de La Amistad Lodge, 1400 – 1600 m, Solano & Kriebel 807 (INB); S of San Vito de Java, in the area immediately around Las Cruces Gardens, 1200 – 1300 m, Taylor 3536 (DUKE); N of San Vito near Panamanian border between La Lucha and Progresso at third river crossing, 1250 m, Taylor 3584 (DUKE). – PANAMA, Chiriquí, along road between Volcán and Río Sereno, 13.7 miles W of Volcán, 1200 m, Croat 66322 (MO, U); 19 km W of Río Chiriquí Viejo on road to San Sereno, 1200 m, D’Arcy 10833 (MO, U); Finca Ojo de Aqua, 1300 m, Knapp 1583 (MO, U). Veraguas, Cerro Hoya, subiendo por Cobachón, 750 m, Deago et al. 196 (MO, PMA, U), 199 (PMA); El Pantano, Parque Nacional Santa Fé, Alto Los Gonzales, 918 m, Espinosa et al. 6127 (MO, PMA); forest along Río Gatu above Chitra Bajo, NW of Laguna La Yeguada, 650 m, McPherson 8013 (MO, PMA, U); Parque Nacional Cerro Hoya, 900 m, Rivera 321 (PMA). Note — Desmopsis confusa has often been misidentified as D. oerstedii, a species occurring only in Costa Rica. Because of that confusion we have named it D. confusa. Both species are densely covered with erect hairs on most vegetative parts. It differs from D. oerstedii by its thin-walled monocarps (0.1 – 0.2 mm vs 2 – 4 mm), and thinner stipes (c. 1 mm vs 2 – 4 mm thick).	en	Schatz, G. E., Maas, P. J. M., Kamer, H. Maas-van de, Westra, L. Y. T., Wieringa, J. J. (2018): Revision of the Neotropical genus Desmopsis (Annonaceae). Blumea 63 (1): 67-86, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07
3E2187B4F551FFD6FCA2FD43FB43F841.taxon	description	Desmopsis dolichopetala R. E. Fr. (1941) 106. — Type: Yuncker et al. 6155 (holo S; iso F, MO, NY, U), Honduras, near the summit of the ridge above El Achote, in cloud zone, above the plains of Siguatepeque, 1800 m, 28 July 1936. Tree 6 – 8 m tall, 10 – 12 cm diam; young twigs and petiole rather densely covered with appressed hairs, soon glabrous. Leaves: petiole 2 – 7 mm long, c. 1 mm diam; lamina narrowly elliptic, 8 – 22 by 3 – 7 cm, membranous, glabrous above, sparsely covered with appressed hairs, mainly along primary vein below to subglabrous below, base acute to obtuse and slightly attenuate, apex acute to acuminate (acumen 5 – 10 mm long), primary vein impressed above, secondary veins 9 – 12 on either side of primary vein, slightly raised above, tertiary veins slightly raised above, reticulate. Inflorescence and flower indument: pedicels sparsely covered with appressed hairs, outer side of bracts densely so, outer side of sepals and petals densely to sparsely so. Inflorescences 1 - or 2 - flowered, leaf-opposed or produced from the main trunk; pedicels 60 – 90 mm long, c. 1 mm diam, slightly increasing in diameter from base to apex, to c. 3 mm diam in fruit; basal and upper bracts scale-like, broadly ovate-triangular, 1 – 2 mm long, soon falling; sepals shallowly ovate-triangular, 1 – 2 by 2 – 3 mm; petals yellow to yellow-bluff, tinged with pink, subequal, narrowly triangular, 30 – 55 by 3 – 6 mm. Monocarps 3 – 12, red, orange inside in vivo, spherical to oblongoid-ellipsoid, 15 – 45 by 15 – 25 mm, sparsely covered with appressed hairs, soon glabrous, apex rounded, not constricted between the seeds upon drying, wall c. 1 mm thick, stipes 3 – 6 mm long, 2 – 3 mm diam. Seeds 2 – 4, in one row, discoid or hemispherical, 20 – 21 by 6 – 10 mm, smooth to slightly grooved. Distribution — Honduras. Habitat & Ecology — In forests in cloud zone. At elevations of 1400 – 1800 m. Flowering: May, July; fruiting: May, July. Vernacular names — Not recorded. Field observations — ‘ Flowers green, then yellow with a banana odor’ (Walker 431, Honduras). Note — Desmopsis dolichopetala, so far only known from two collections from Honduras, is very close to D. schippii, differing in: more numerous secondary veins (9 – 12 vs 6 – 8), larger monocarps (15 – 45 vs 10 – 27 mm), and larger seeds (20 – 21 by 6 – 10 vs 8 – 15 by 3 – 5 mm). Moreover, D. dolichopetala occurs at higher altitudes (1400 – 1800 m), whereas D. schippii normally grows at much lower elevations.	en	Schatz, G. E., Maas, P. J. M., Kamer, H. Maas-van de, Westra, L. Y. T., Wieringa, J. J. (2018): Revision of the Neotropical genus Desmopsis (Annonaceae). Blumea 63 (1): 67-86, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07
3E2187B4F551FFD9FCA2F82FFD57F8DA.taxon	description	Desmopsis dukei is recognized by its leaves and pedicels which are densely covered with long-persisting erect hairs, relatively short flowering pedicels (10 – 16 mm long), with a leafy often soon falling basal bract, and a scale-like or leafy upper bract, and 10 – 20 monocarps borne on relatively long and slender stipes (12 – 25 mm long, 0.5 – 1 mm diam). — Type: Duke 8777 (holo MO; iso MO, US), Panama, Darién, Río Balsa, between Río Areti and Manane, 14 Sept. 1966. Tree or shrub 4 – 20 m tall, 5 – 7.5 cm diam; young twigs and petiole densely covered with long-persisting, pale brown, erect hairs to c. 0.5 mm long. Leaves: petiole 2 – 6 mm long, c. 1 mm diam; lamina elliptic, 8 – 18 by 4 – 9 cm, chartaceous, shiny and glabrous above, but often with a row of erect hairs along the primary vein, densely covered with long-persisting, pale brown, erect hairs to c. 0.3 mm long (velutinous) below, base acute to obtuse, apex acuminate (acumen 5 – 10 mm long), primary vein impressed above, secondary veins 7 – 9 on either side of primary vein, slightly raised above, tertiary veins flat to slightly raised above, reticulate. Inflorescence and flower indument: pedicels and sepals densely covered with long-persisting, pale brown, erect hairs to c. 0.5 mm long, outer side of bracts and petals densely to rather densely covered with appressed hairs. Inflorescences 1 - or 2 - flowered, leaf-opposed; pedicels 10 – 16 mm long, c. 1 mm diam, to c. 25 mm long and c. 2 mm diam in fruit; basal bract usually leafy, ovate, 2 – 12 by 1.5 – 8 mm, often soon falling, upper bract scale-like to comparable in size and shape to basal bract; sepals broadly triangular, 5 – 8 by 3 – 7 mm; petals yellow, subequal, narrowly triangular, 10 – 30 by 4 – 7 mm. Monocarps 10 – 20, yellow, orange, red, maturing purple-black, spherical to oblongoid, 9 – 18 by 7 – 14 mm, sparsely covered with appressed hairs, soon glabrous, apex rounded, sometimes slightly constricted between the seeds upon drying, wall c. 0.5 mm thick, stipes 12 – 25 mm long, 0.5 – 1 mm diam. Seeds 1 – 5, in one row, spherical, discoid or hemispherical, 7 – 9 by 4 – 6 mm, pitted. Distribution — Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia (Antioquia, Chocó). Habitat & Ecology — Tropical wet forest. At elevations of 0 – 500 m. Flowering: March, June, July, September; fruiting: February to April, June to September, November, December. Vernacular names — Not recorded. Other specimens examined. COLOMBIA, Antioquia, Turbo, Corregimiento Lomas Aisladas, Finca Las Aisladas, 30 m, Alzate & Cardona 1070 (U), 1258 (MO); 11 km despues de Barranquillita, 80 m, Brand & Cogollo 48 (JAUM, MO); 12 km despues de Barranquillita, 80 m, Brand & Cogollo 61 (JAUM, MO); 14 kms despues de Barranquillita, 80 m, Brand & Cogollo 138 (JAUM, MO); Carretera Tapón del Darién, sector Río León-lomas aisladas, km 37, 20 m, Brand & Lozano 912 (MO), 1063 (MO). Chocó, Riosuccio, orillas del Río Truando, en Teresita, Arcizia 159 (COL); Región de Urabá, Cerro del Cuchillo, Sector Noreste, 50 – 200 m, Cárdenas 815 (MO), Región de Urabá, Cerro del Cuchillo, Sector Noreste, 400 – 500 m, Cárdenas 855 (MO), 859 (MO), 863 (MO); Camino de Cidón a la Cumbre Sureste, 50 – 100 m, Cárdenas 2083 (HUA, JAUM, MO, U); Zona de Urabá, Cerros del Cuchillo, Sector Cuchillo Blanco (Piedemonte), 50 – 100 m, Cárdenas 2272 (MO); near Madurex Logging Camp above Teresita and below the rapids on R. Truando, Duke 9917 (MO, US); Parque Natural Nacional Los Katyos, Tilupo, camino quebrada del Medio, 250 – 330 m, León 487 (MO). – COSTA RICA, Limón, bosques cercanos al sitio de exploración petrolera, Suretka, 200 m, GomezLaurito 8808 (F). – PANAMA, Darién, parallel to Río Tucutí on ridge upstream c. 2 hrs (piragua) above Tucutí, 160 m, Duke 5266 (MO); Río Balsa, between Río Areti and Manene, 105 – 130 m, Duke 8798 (MO). Note — Desmopsis dukei can be recognized by the long-persisting indument of erect hairs on the pedicels and lower side of leaves and relatively short pedicels (10 – 25 mm long).	en	Schatz, G. E., Maas, P. J. M., Kamer, H. Maas-van de, Westra, L. Y. T., Wieringa, J. J. (2018): Revision of the Neotropical genus Desmopsis (Annonaceae). Blumea 63 (1): 67-86, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07
3E2187B4F55EFFD9FFF8F850FA97F986.taxon	distribution	Distribution — Belize and Guatemala. Habitat & Ecology — Semi-evergreen forest, on limestone soil. At elevations of 45 – 420 m. Flowering: May, June, August; fruiting: March, May. Vernacular names — Guatemala: Anona (Contreras 5976), Anonilla, Cabo de Hacha. Note — Desmopsis erythrocarpa is recognized by long-acuminate leaves, non-foliaceous scale-like bracts, and small (8 – 15 by 6 – 12 mm), 1 - or 2 - seeded monocarps.	en	Schatz, G. E., Maas, P. J. M., Kamer, H. Maas-van de, Westra, L. Y. T., Wieringa, J. J. (2018): Revision of the Neotropical genus Desmopsis (Annonaceae). Blumea 63 (1): 67-86, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07
3E2187B4F55EFFD8FCA2F9ECFF65FA75.taxon	description	Desmopsis guerrerensis Gonz. - Martínez & J. Jiménez Ram. in Jiménez-Ramírez & González-Martínez (2016) 51. — Type: C. A. González­Martínez & S. Rios­Carrasco 892 (holo FCME; iso FCME, NY), Mexico, Guerrero, Mun. Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Acahuizotla, en ladera cerca de rio, 20 Feb. 2015. Tree 3 – 4 m tall, diam not recorded; young twigs covered with appressed, yellow hairs or glabrescent. Leaves: petiole 3 – 7 mm long, 1 mm diam, sparsely to moderately covered with appressed hairs or glabrescent; lamina elliptic, (3.6 –) 4.5 – 13.5 by (1.6 –) 2 – 4.5 cm, chartaceous to membranous, glabrous above, sparsely covered with appressed hairs or glabrescent below and with evident oil bodies (glands), non-verrucose, base cuneate to obtuse, apex acuminate (acumen to 20 mm long), the extreme tip slightly rounded, primary vein impressed above, glabrous, raised below, sparsely covered with appressed hairs, secondary veins 8 – 11 on either side of primary vein, flat above, slightly raised below, tertiary veins flat above, slightly raised below, reticulate. Inflorescence and flower indument: pedicels and outer side of bracts, outer side of sepals, and outer side of petals sparsely to densely covered with appressed yellowish to white hairs. Inflorescences 1 - flowered, sub-leaf-opposed or terminal; pedicels 26 – 43 mm long, elongating to 44 – 51 mm in fruit, 0.5 – 1.3 mm diam; basal bracts 1 or 2, leafy, ovate, 14 – 17 (– 20) by 9 – 13 mm, base cordate to obtuse, apex acute, sometimes soon falling off, upper bract scale-like, 1.25 – 2 mm long, lanceo- late; sepals ovate, 3 – 4 by 3 – 3.2 mm at anthesis, accrescent and persistent in fruit, (5 –) 7 – 9 by 5 – 6.5 (– 7) mm; petals green, subequal, ovate to narrowly ovate, 5.5 – 10.7 by 2.7 – 3.3 mm, the margin sometimes revolute, the apex incurved. Monocarps 5 – 10, red at maturity, subspherical to ovoid, 8 – 17 mm long, 8 – 15 mm diam, sparsely covered with appressed white hairs near the base, base and apex rounded, not constricted between the seeds upon drying, wall 0.4 – 0.5 mm thick, stipes 6 – 8 mm long, c. 1.5 mm diam. Seeds 2 or 3, in one row, discoid or hemispherical, 9 – 10.5 by 2 – 5.5 mm, finely grooved. Distribution — Mexico. Habitat & Ecology — Semi-deciduous forest. At elevations of c. 800 m. Flowering: February; fruiting: March. Vernacular names — Not recorded. Note — Desmopsis guerrerensis is recognized by its leaves with evident glandular oil bodies on the upper and lower surface, a leafy lower bract on the pedicel, persistent and accrescent sepals in fruit, and subspherical to ovoid monocarps with 2 or 3 seeds.	en	Schatz, G. E., Maas, P. J. M., Kamer, H. Maas-van de, Westra, L. Y. T., Wieringa, J. J. (2018): Revision of the Neotropical genus Desmopsis (Annonaceae). Blumea 63 (1): 67-86, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07
3E2187B4F55FFFD8FFF8F9C3FB6AFA9B.taxon	description	Desmopsis heteropetala R. E. Fr. (1931) 316. — Type: Pittier 7967 (holo BR), Costa Rica, San José, ‘ Forêts de Tablazo’, Mar. 1893. Shrub or tree 2 – 7 m tall, 5 – 10 cm diam; young twigs and petiole glabrous. Leaves: petiole 3 – 8 mm long (but often appearing subsessile because of the cordate base of the lamina), 2 – 4 mm diam; lamina elliptic to narrowly elliptic, 15 – 40 by 6 – 17 cm, coriaceous, shiny on both sides, glabrous above and below, base cordate, apex acute to acuminate (acumen 10 – 25 mm long), primary vein slightly impressed above, raised and strongly keeled below, secondary veins 10 – 15 on either side of primary vein, slightly raised above, tertiary veins raised above, reticulate. Inflorescence and flower indument: pedicels and outer side of bracts glabrous, outer side of sepals and petals sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed hairs. Inflorescences 1 - or 2 - flowered, leaf-opposed; pedicels 45 – 80 mm long, 1 – 3 mm diam, 80 – 140 mm long and 2 – 5 mm diam in fruit; basal bract leafy, broadly ovate to circular, 15 – 40 by 15 – 40 mm, upper bract scale-like, 1 – 2 mm long; sepals shallowly ovate-triangular, 3 – 5 by 3 – 4 mm, spreading; petals cream, unequal, outer petals narrowly ovate-triangular to ovate-triangular, 8 – 20 by 5 – 12 mm, inner ones narrowly ovate-triangular, 8 – 20 by 3 – 5 mm. Monocarps 5 – 10, yellow or orange, finally shiny red to purple-black, spherical to ellipsoid, 20 – 38 by 16 – 27 mm, glabrous, apex rounded, not constricted between the seeds upon drying, wall 2 – 4 mm thick, stipes 2 – 10 by 2 – 6 mm. Seeds 2 – 8, in two rows, hemidiscoid or quartispherical, 6 – 15 by 2 – 4 mm, grooved. Distribution — Costa Rica. Habitat & Ecology — In primary or secondary lowland rain forest. At elevations of 0 – 500 m. Flowering: February to April, September, October; fruiting: May, September to November. Vernacular names — Not recorded. Note — Desmopsis heteropetala is easily recognizable by its large leaves with a cordate base, and primary vein strongly keeled on the lower side. The monocarps are large (20 – 38 mm long), spherical to ellipsoid, and without any constriction between the two rows of seeds. Moreover, the monocarps are very thick-walled (wall to 4 mm thick).	en	Schatz, G. E., Maas, P. J. M., Kamer, H. Maas-van de, Westra, L. Y. T., Wieringa, J. J. (2018): Revision of the Neotropical genus Desmopsis (Annonaceae). Blumea 63 (1): 67-86, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07
3E2187B4F55FFFDBFCA2FA90FA08F883.taxon	description	Desmopsis izabalensis Standl. & Steyerm. (1944) 157. — Type: Steyermark 41543 (holo F; iso US), Guatemala, Izabal, on ridge top, along Río Frío, Cerro San Gil, 75 – 150 m, 18 Dec. 1941. Shrub or tree 2.5 – 6 m tall, diam not recorded; young twigs and petiole densely covered with erect and appressed, golden brownish hairs. Leaves: petiole 2 – 8 mm long, c. 1 mm diam; lamina narrowly elliptic, 4 – 10 by 1 – 3.5 cm, chartaceous, shiny, sometimes the primary vein covered with some erect hairs to glabrous above, sparsely covered with appressed and erect hairs below, but primary vein densely so to glabrous, base acute, apex acute to obtuse, sometimes shortly acuminate (acumen to c. 5 mm long), the extreme tip rounded, primary vein impressed above, secondary veins 6 – 10 on either side of primary vein, raised to flat above, tertiary veins flat to slightly raised above, reticulate. Inflorescence and flower indument: pedicels and outer side of bracts and sepals densely to rather densely covered with erect and appressed hairs, outer side of petals rather densely covered with appressed hairs. Inflorescences 1 - or 2 - flowered, leaf-opposed; pedicels 15 – 20 by c. 1 mm diam, to c. 25 mm long and c. 1 mm diam in fruit; basal bract leafy, broadly ovate to circular, 12 – 20 by 8 – 15 mm, upper bract scale-like, broadly ovate-triangular, 1 – 2 mm long; sepals broadly ovate-triangular, 2 – 10 by 2 – 4 mm, reflexed; petals yellow, outer ones pale orange at the inner base, subequal, narrowly triangular, 10 – 20 by 2 – 4 mm. Monocarps 2 – 10 (– 15), orange to dull red, spherical to oblongoid-ellipsoid, 4 – 12 by 4 – 12 mm, sparsely covered with appressed hairs, soon glabrous, apex rounded, rarely constricted between the seeds upon drying, wall c. 0.5 mm thick, stipes 2 – 8 mm long, c. 1 mm diam. Seeds 1 or 2, in one row, subspherical or hemispherical, 6 – 9 by 4 – 7 mm, strongly grooved. Distribution — Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca), Guatemala. Habitat & Ecology — In evergreen and semi-evergreen tropical forest. At elevations of 75 – 2000 m. Flowering: November to January, March; fruiting: January, March, June, September. Vernacular names — Not recorded. Note — Desmopsis lanceolata is characterized by its small narrow leaves (4 – 10 by 1 – 3.5 cm), its small and often spherical, 1 - or 2 - seeded monocarps (4 – 11 by 4 – 10 mm), and a dense indument of erect and appressed hairs on the young twigs.	en	Schatz, G. E., Maas, P. J. M., Kamer, H. Maas-van de, Westra, L. Y. T., Wieringa, J. J. (2018): Revision of the Neotropical genus Desmopsis (Annonaceae). Blumea 63 (1): 67-86, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07
3E2187B4F55CFFDAFCA2F8EFFECFFB15.taxon	description	Desmopsis maxonii Saff. (1916) 188, pl. 8. — Type: Pittier 3154 (holo US; iso US 2 sheets), Panama, Chiriquí, near El Boquete, 1000 – 1300 m, 16 Mar. 1911. Tree or shrub 1.5 – 10 m tall, 3 – 12 cm diam; young twigs and petiole glabrous. Leaves: petiole 3 – 8 mm long, c. 1 mm diam; lamina ovate to elliptic or narrowly so, 8 – 22 by 3 – 8 cm, chartaceous, glabrous above, glabrous or rarely sparsely covered with appressed hairs below, base acute to obtuse, rarely attenuate, apex acuminate (acumen 5 – 15 mm long), primary vein impressed above, secondary veins 6 – 8 on either side of primary vein, slightly raised above, tertiary veins raised to flat above, reticulate. Inflorescence and flower indument: pedicels and outer side of bracts glabrous or sometimes sparsely covered with appressed hairs, outer side of sepals and petals sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed hairs. Inflorescences 1 – 4 - flowered, leaf-opposed; pedicels 25 – 110 mm long, 0.5 – 1 mm diam, to 1.5 – 2 mm diam in fruit; basal bract leafy, broadly ovate, 5 – 25 by 5 – 20 mm, soon falling, upper bract scale-like, broadly ovate-triangular, 1 – 2 mm long; sepals broadly ovate-triangular, 3 – 8 by 3 – 6 mm, verruculose, spreading to reflexed; petals green, maturing yellow, subequal, inner ones slightly narrower than the outer ones, narrowly triangular, 15 – 35 by 3 – 9 mm, margins revolute. Monocarps 5 – 30, green, yellow, orange, maturing red and finally purple-black, spherical to oblongoid-ellipsoid, 7 – 21 by 7 – 16 mm, glabrous, apex rounded, slightly constricted between the seeds upon drying, wall 0.3 – 0.5 mm thick, stipes 10 – 27 by 0.5 – 1 mm. Seeds 1 – 5, in one row, spherical, discoid or hemispherical, 7 – 13 by 2 – 5 mm, grooved. Distribution — Costa Rica, Panama. Habitat & Ecology — In lower montane or premontane wet forests. At elevations of 600 – 2000 m. Flowering: all year through; fruiting: all year through. Vernacular names — Not recorded. Field observations — ‘ Old flowers emit strong banana smell’ (Mori & Kallunki 5317, Panama); ‘ flores muy aromaticas’ (Rodríguez et al. 11801, Costa Rica). Note — Desmopsis maxonii is recognizable by its mostly completely glabrous vegetative parts, usually very long pedicels (to 110 mm long) bearing a leafy lower bract, and often many monocarps (to 30) borne on relatively long and slender stipes (10 – 22 by 0.5 – 1 mm).	en	Schatz, G. E., Maas, P. J. M., Kamer, H. Maas-van de, Westra, L. Y. T., Wieringa, J. J. (2018): Revision of the Neotropical genus Desmopsis (Annonaceae). Blumea 63 (1): 67-86, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07
3E2187B4F55DFFDAFFF9FB62FCDCFEDF.taxon	description	Desmopsis mexicana R. E. Fr. (1948) 14, t. 6 c, d. — Type: Hinton 15836 (holo US; iso K 2 sheets, LL, MICH, NY, UC), Mexico, Michoacan, Distr. Coalcoman, Aquila, shady barranca, 21 – 24 Mar. 1941. Shrub or tree 2 – 5 m tall, diam not recorded; young twigs and petiole rather densely covered with brown, appressed hairs. Leaves: petiole 3 – 5 mm long, 1 – 2 mm diam; lamina elliptic, 7 – 15 by 3 – 6 cm, chartaceous, shiny and glabrous above, soon glabrous below, but sparsely covered with appressed hairs mainly along primary vein, base obtuse to rounded, rarely acute, apex obtuse to acute to rarely acuminate, the extreme tip rounded, primary vein impressed above, secondary veins 6 – 10 on either side of primary vein, raised above, tertiary veins raised above, reticulate. Inflorescence and flower indument: pedicels and outer side of bracts, sepals, and petals sparsely to densely covered with appressed hairs. Inflorescences 1 - or 2 - flowered, leaf-opposed; pedicels 20 – 35 mm long, 0.5 – 1 mm diam; basal bract scale-like, broadly ovate-triangular, c. 1 by 1 mm, upper bract scale-like, 1 by 0.8 mm; sepals broadly ovate-triangular, 1 – 1.5 by 1 – 1.5 mm, soon reflexed; petals green, subequal, narrowly oblong-linear, 10 – 25 by 2 – 4 mm, margins slightly revolute. Monocarps 3 – 11, red, spherical to obovoid, 10 – 18 by 8 – 10 mm, apex rounded, slightly constricted between the seeds upon drying, sparsely covered with appressed hairs to glabrous, wall c. 0.2 mm thick, stipes 3 – 5 by 1 mm. Seeds 1 or 2, in one row, spherical to ellipsoid or hemispherical, c. 10 by 8 mm, smooth to slightly pitted. Distribution — Mexico (Michoacan). Habitat & Ecology — In semi-evergreen forest. At elevations of 220 – 250 m. Flowering: March; fruiting: March. Vernacular names — Not recorded. Note — Desmopsis mexicana can be recognized by its leaves with an obtuse to rounded base and usually obtuse apex, the extreme tip rounded, scale-like bracts on the pedicel, very small and reflexed sepals (1 – 1.5 by 1 – 1.5 mm), and 1 - or 2 - seeded monocarps borne on relatively short stipes (3 – 5 mm long).	en	Schatz, G. E., Maas, P. J. M., Kamer, H. Maas-van de, Westra, L. Y. T., Wieringa, J. J. (2018): Revision of the Neotropical genus Desmopsis (Annonaceae). Blumea 63 (1): 67-86, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07
3E2187B4F55DFFDAFCA2FE56FBD5F7E3.taxon	description	Desmopsis microcarpa R. E. Fr. (1930) 23, f. 3 c. — Type: Pittier 16014 (holo B; iso F, GH, K, NY, Z), Costa Rica, ‘ le long de la côte entre Limon et Moin’, Sept. 1899. Desmopsis glabrata Schery in Woodson & Schery (1941) 428. — Type: Von Wedel 279 (holo MO), Panama, Bocas del Toro, vicinity of Bocas del Toro, alt. near sea level, 1 Aug. 1940. Shrub or tree 2 – 8 m tall, diam not recorded; young twigs and petiole rather densely to sparsely covered with appressed hairs, soon glabrous. Leaves: petiole 4 – 10 mm long, 1 – 2 mm diam; lamina narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 6 – 25 by 2 – 9 cm, chartaceous, both sides often verruculose, shiny and glabrous above, except for erect hairs along primary vein, subglabrous below, base acute to obtuse, or slightly attenuate, apex acuminate (acumen 5 – 25 mm long), the extreme tip obtuse, primary vein slightly impressed above, secondary veins 6 – 10 on either side of primary vein, slightly raised above, tertiary veins raised above, reticulate. Inflorescence and flower indument: pedicels sparsely covered with appressed hairs to glabrous, outer side of bracts, sepals and petals sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed hairs. Inflorescences 1 - flowered, leaf-opposed; pedicels 20 – 100 mm long, 0.5 – 1 mm diam, to c. 2 mm diam in fruit; basal bract leafy, broadly obovate to circular, 5 – 20 by 4 – 20 mm, upper bract leafy, broadly ovate-triangular, 2 – 5 by 2 – 5 mm, or scale-like; sepals with distinct venation, broadly ovate-triangular, 5 – 15 by 4 – 10 mm, reflexed; petals yellow, subequal, black in sicco, narrowly triangular, 20 – 40 by 5 – 12 mm, apex incurved. Monocarps 10 – 25, green, maturing yellow, orange, red, to black, ellipsoid to oblongoid-ellipsoid, 7 – 30 by 6 – 18 mm, sparsely covered with appressed hairs, soon glabrous, apex rounded, slightly constricted between the seeds upon drying, wall c. 0.5 mm thick, stipes 7 – 25 mm long, 0.5 – 1 mm diam. Seeds 1 – 5, in one row, spherical, discoid or hemispherical, 7 – 13 by 2 – 5 mm, strongly grooved, pitted. Distribution — Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama. Habitat & Ecology — In wet, evergreen, tropical rain forests or premontane forests. At elevations of 0 – 1400 m. Flowering: January to August, November; fruiting: all year through. Vernacular names — Nicaragua: Palanco (Salick 8046), Uva (Rueda et al. 2685). Field observations — ‘ Flores con olor a banano’ (Chávez 532, Costa Rica); ‘ flowers full of staphilinid beetles’ (Chatrou et al. 96, Costa Rica); ‘ flowers exhaling an aroma of green ap- ples or ripe bananas’ (Grayum et al. 7700, Costa Rica); ‘ flowers fragrant’ (Penneys et al. 300, Costa Rica); ‘ wood used for houses’ (Salick 8046, Nicaragua). Note — Desmopsis microcarpa differs from D. bibracteata by various features: 1. The leaf apex is acuminate (acumen 5 – 25 mm long) in D. microcarpa vs acute to shortly acuminate with the extreme tip distinctly rounded in D. bibracteata (acumen to c. 5 mm long). 2. In D. microcarpa the sepals are larger (5 – 15 mm long vs 2 – 4 mm in D. bibracteata). 3. In D. microcarpa the petals (20 – 40 mm long) are acute, thin and black in sicco whereas in D. bibracteata the petals (11 – 25 mm long) are distinctly rounded at the extreme tip, thicker and brown in sicco.	en	Schatz, G. E., Maas, P. J. M., Kamer, H. Maas-van de, Westra, L. Y. T., Wieringa, J. J. (2018): Revision of the Neotropical genus Desmopsis (Annonaceae). Blumea 63 (1): 67-86, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07
3E2187B4F55AFFDDFFF8FF73FECAFAFC.taxon	description	Desmopsis neglecta (A. Rich.) R. E. Fr. (1927) 3. — Uvaria neglecta A. Rich. (1841 ‘ 1845 ’) 44. — Type: de la Sagra s. n. (holo P), Cuba, ‘ Crescit frequens in sylvis diversarum insulae partium, et specialiter in parte occidentali’. Asimina rhombifolia Griseb. (1866) 4. — Type: Wright 1852 (lecto GOET, se- lected here; isolecto B, BM, G 3 sheets, GH, HAC, K, MA, MO, NY 2 sheets, P, S 2 sheets, US), Cuba, Pinar del Río, Viñales (‘ in collibus pr. S. José’), 30 June 1860 – 1864. Shrub or tree 1 – 2 m tall, diam not recorded; young twigs and petiole rather densely covered with erect, brownish hairs. Leaves: petiole 1 – 4 mm long, c. 1 mm diam; lamina broadly rhombic-obovate to circular, 2 – 8 by 1.5 – 5 cm, subcoriaceous, margins slightly revolute, shiny and glabrous on both sides, but with some soon falling erect hairs along primary vein below, base acute to obtuse, slightly oblique, apex acuminate (acumen 5 – 20 mm long), the extreme tip obtuse to rounded, often curved to one side, primary vein slightly impressed above, secondary veins 5 – 13 on either side of primary vein, raised above, tertiary veins raised above, reticulate. Inflorescence and flower indument: pedicels and outer side of bracts, sepals densely covered with erect and appressed hairs, petals rather densely covered with appressed hairs. Inflorescences 1 - or 2 - flowered, leaf-opposed, pedicels 5 – 10 mm long, c. 1 mm diam, to c. 15 mm long in fruit, basal and upper bracts at nearly the same level, scale-like, broadly ovate-triangular, 1 – 2 by 1 – 2 mm; sepals broadly ovate-triangular, 1 – 2.5 by 1 – 2.5 mm; petals subequal, linear, 13 – 19 by 3 – 5 mm. Monocarps 6 – 15, colour not recorded, ellipsoid, to c. 20 by 15 mm, densely covered with brown, erect and appressed hairs when young, finally glabrous, apex rounded, not constricted between the seeds upon drying, wall c. 0.5 mm thick, stipes 0 – 3 mm long, c. 1 mm diam. Seeds 2, in one row, hemispherical, 8 – 13 by 8 mm, smooth. Distribution — Cuba (Pinar del Río). Habitat & Ecology — In tropical moist gallery forests. Pre- sumably at low elevation. Flowering: June; fruiting: June. Vernacular names — Not recorded. Note — Desmopsis neglecta is very peculiar in being the only species of the genus occurring in the Caribbean on Cuba. It is distinguished by its small, almost rhombic leaves, short pedicels bearing scale-like bracts at nearly the same level, and subsessile monocarps.	en	Schatz, G. E., Maas, P. J. M., Kamer, H. Maas-van de, Westra, L. Y. T., Wieringa, J. J. (2018): Revision of the Neotropical genus Desmopsis (Annonaceae). Blumea 63 (1): 67-86, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07
3E2187B4F55AFFDCFFF8FA7AFE26FEBF.taxon	description	Desmopsis nigrescens is recognized by its relatively large glabrous lamina (15 – 30 by 5 – 14 cm) that dry black, relatively long pedicels (20 – 60 mm long, to c. 80 mm in fruit) bearing a large, leafy basal bract and scale-like upper bract, and relatively large sepals (4 – 10 by 3 – 6 mm) that are accrescent (expanding to 22 by 14 mm) and often persistent in fruit. — Type: Liesner 1038 (holo MO; iso F, NA, NY), Panamá, Colón, 10 mi SW of Portobelo, 2 – 4 mi from coast, 10 – 200 m, 24 Mar. 1973. Tree 2 – 12 m tall, c. 6 cm diam; young twigs and petioles glabrous. Leaves: petiole 3 – 11 mm long, 2 – 3 mm diam; lamina generally drying black, narrowly elliptic to elliptic, sometimes narrowly obovate, 15 – 30 by 5 – 14 cm, coriaceous, glabrous above, glabrous below, except for some scattered hairs along primary vein, base acute to obtuse, apex acuminate (acumen 10 – 25 mm long), primary vein impressed above, secondary veins 9 – 12 on either side of primary vein, raised above, tertiary veins raised above, reticulate. Inflorescence and flower indument: outer side of bracts glabrous, pedicels and outer side of sepals sparsely to rather densely covered with brown, curly hairs, outer side of petals rather densely to sparsely covered with appressed hairs. Inflorescences 1 - or 2 - flowered, leaf-opposed; pedicels 20 – 60 mm long, c. 1 mm diam, to c. 80 mm long and 1 – 3 mm diam in fruit; basal bract leafy, broadly ovate, 15 – 50 by 10 – 50 mm, upper bract scale-like, broadly ovate-triangular, c. 1 mm long; sepals ovate-triangular, 4 – 10 by 3 – 6 mm at anthesis, accrescent and often persistent in fruit, expanding to c. 22 by 14 mm; petals pale green, maturing yellow, subequal, narrowly triangular, 17 – 25 by 4 – 6 mm. Monocarps 10 – 25, green, yellow, yellow-orange, orange, to red-black, oblongoid-ellipsoid to subspherical, 9 – 25 by 8 – 15 mm, glabrous, apex rounded, slightly constricted between the seeds upon drying, wall 0.5 – 1 mm thick, stipes 7 – 35 mm long, 1 – 2 mm diam. Seeds 2 – 6, in one row, discoid or hemispherical, 7 – 12 by 2 – 5 mm, strongly grooved. Distribution — Panama. Habitat & Ecology — In primary rain forests. At elevations of 0 – 750 m. Flowering: January to May; fruiting: January to March, June, July, November. Vernacular names — Not recorded. Other specimens examined. PANAMA, Coclé, area between Caño Blanco del Norte, Caño Sucio and Chorro del Río Tife, 200 – 400 m, Davidse & Hamilton 23556 (MO); El Valle, 800 – 1000 m, Duke 13184 (MO); La Pintada, Parque Nacional G. D. Omar Torrijos, 158 m, Martínez 1354 (PMA); between Río Blanco and Caño Susio 1 hr hike to the west, Río Blanco is c. 5 hr hike north down from the continental Divide above El Copé and El Petroso saw- mill, 350 – 400 ft, Sytsma et al. 2491 (MO). Colón, Proyecto Minero Cobre Panama, 116 m, Batista 304 (PMA); en la carretera a la zona de Santa Rita, Correa et al. 1822 (PMA); San Juan del General, de Gracia 779 (MO); East Ridge, Duke 15278 (MO); Donoso, helipat C 02, 124 m, Espinosa 5711 (MO); Donoso, Belen, 47 m, Espinosa 5963 (MO); Río Buenaventura, near Portobello, Foster 1694 (DUKE); Aguacate, 0 – 200 ft, Hammel 4433 (MO, U); Teck Cominco Petaquilla mining concession, 184 m, McPherson 19564 (MO, PMA, WAG), idem, 11 m, McPherson 20042 (MO), idem, 300 m, McPherson 20610 (MO, PMA, WAG), idem, 50 m, McPherson 20636 (MO, PMA, WAG); Río Guanche, Mori & Kallunki 3013 (MO); Santa Rita Ridge Road, 18 – 20 km from Transisthmian Hwy, 100 – 1200 ft, Sytsma 2042 (MO); Cerro La Gloria, Nombre de Dios, Valdespino et al. 432 (PMA, U); Teck Cominco Petaquilla mining concession, 296 m, van der Werff & McPherson 22210 (MO, WAG). Panama, Cerro Jefe region, c. 1.5 miles along Río Pacora road from junc- tion with Cerro Jefe road, 750 m, McPherson & Merello 8129 (MO, U). San Blas, 12 miles from Pan-American Highway on Cartí Road, 1100 ft, Antonio 4850 (MO, U); El Llano-Cartí road, km 12.2, 350 m, De Nevers & Herrera 4348 (MO, PMA), Km 26.5, De Nevers et al. 5281 (MO); trail to Cerro Óbu (Habu of maps) from Río Urgandi (Río Sidra), 100 – 300 m, De Nevers et al. 7976 (MO); road from El Llano to Cartí, Pacific side, 200 – 300 m, Hamilton & Stockwell 2940 (MO); 8.2 miles from the Pan-American Highway on the El Llano-Cartí road, 450 m, Knapp 5899 (MO); along El Llano-Cartí-Tupile road, 10 – 12 km N of the Interamerican Hwy, 500 m, Luteyn & Wilbur 4659 (DUKE, F, MO); boundary trail on Llano-Cartí road, 350 m, McPherson & Merello 8168 (MO); near El Llano-Cartí road, NW of Nusagandi on Sendero Wedar, 150 – 250 m, McPherson 11054 (MO, U); El Llano-Cartí Road, 5 miles from highway, 350 m, McPherson 11281 (MO). Veraguas, along banks of first river on road between Alto Piedra School and Río Colovebora, 1.8 miles beyond School, 500 m, Croat 34104 (MO). Note — Desmopsis nigrescens is very well marked by its large leaves (15 – 30 by 5 – 14 cm) drying black (hence the specific name), and relatively large sepals (to 22 by 14 mm in fruit) which are often persistent in fruit. It might be confused with D. maxonii, which, however, has smaller, non-accrescent sepals (3 – 8 by 3 – 6 mm) that are not persistent in fruit. Moreover, D. nigrescens occurs at lower elevations (0 – 750 m) than D. maxonii (600 – 2000 m).	en	Schatz, G. E., Maas, P. J. M., Kamer, H. Maas-van de, Westra, L. Y. T., Wieringa, J. J. (2018): Revision of the Neotropical genus Desmopsis (Annonaceae). Blumea 63 (1): 67-86, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07
3E2187B4F55BFFDCFFF8FEB5FD8FFA41.taxon	description	Desmopsis oerstedii Saff. (1916) 191. — Type: Oersted 148 (holo C; iso S (fragment), US 2 sheets, W), Costa Rica, Alajuela, ‘ auf dem Berg Agua- cate’, Nov. 1847. Shrub or tree 2 – 10 m tall, c. 15 cm diam; young twigs and petiole densely covered with long-persisting, brownish, erect hairs (velutinous) 0.2 – 0.3 mm long. Leaves: petiole 4 – 7 mm long, c. 1 mm diam; lamina narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 5 – 14 by 3 – 6 cm, chartaceous, glossy and glabrous above, except for erect hairs along primary vein, densely covered with long-persisting, brownish, erect hairs (velutinous) 0.2 – 0.4 mm long below, base acute, apex acute to acuminate (acumen 5 – 10 mm long), primary vein impressed above, secondary veins 8 – 11, slightly raised above, tertiary veins flat to slightly raised above, reticulate. Inflorescence and flower indument: pedicels and outer side of bracts densely covered with brownish, erect hairs (velutinous) 0.2 – 0.3 mm long. Inflorescence: flowers not seen. Infructescence bearing 1 fruit, leaf-opposed; fruiting pedicels 20 – 40 mm long, c. 2 mm diam; basal bract leafy, broadly ovate to ovate, 7 – 25 by 5 – 15 mm, upper bract leafy, ovate-triangular, 3 – 6 by 2 – 4 mm. Monocarps 5 – 10, yellow, maturing purplered, ellipsoid to subspherical, 15 – 30 by 10 – 20 mm, sparsely covered with erect hairs c. 0.1 mm long, soon glabrous, base attenuate, apex rounded, not constricted between seeds upon drying, wall 2 – 4 mm thick, stipes 5 – 12 mm long, 2 – 4 mm diam. Seeds 3 – 5, in one row, discoid or hemispherical, 8 – 11 by 2 – 3 mm, grooved to slightly pitted. Distribution — Costa Rica (Alajuela, San José). Habitat & Ecology — In mid-altitude evergreen forests. At elevations of 700 – 1300 m. Flowering: unknown; fruiting: October to December. Vernacular names — Not recorded. Note — Desmopsis oerstedii is easily recognizable by the combination of a long-persisting indument of erect hairs on young twigs and lower side of the leaves, and large, thick-walled monocarps (wall 2 – 4 mm thick) with an attenuate base borne on relatively thick stipes (2 – 4 mm diam).	en	Schatz, G. E., Maas, P. J. M., Kamer, H. Maas-van de, Westra, L. Y. T., Wieringa, J. J. (2018): Revision of the Neotropical genus Desmopsis (Annonaceae). Blumea 63 (1): 67-86, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07
3E2187B4F55BFFDCFFF8FA2FFBA3FC42.taxon	description	Desmopsis panamensis (B. L. Rob.) Saff. (1916) 185, pl. 7. — Unona panamensis B. L. Rob. (in Robinson & Greenman 1895) 175. — Type: Hayes s. n. (468 in some duplicates) (holo GH; iso EAP, F, GH, K, NY 2 sheets, S 2 sheets, US 3 sheets, VT), Panama, ‘ woods near Gatún Station on the old Panama Railway’, 20 – 30 m, 30 Jan. 1860. Tree or shrub 2 – 15 m tall, diam not recorded; young twigs and petiole densely covered with erect and some appressed, brown to white, often curly hairs. Leaves: petiole 2 – 6 mm long, 1 – 2 mm diam; lamina narrowly elliptic, 10 – 20 by 4 – 8 cm, chartaceous, glabrous, but primary vein mostly covered with erect hairs above, sparsely covered with appressed and erect, often curly hairs below, the primary vein mostly densely so, base acute to obtuse, apex acuminate (acumen 5 – 10 mm long), the extreme tip obtuse, primary vein impressed above, secondary veins 8 – 12 on either side of primary vein, slightly raised above, tertiary veins slightly raised to flat above, reticulate. Inflorescence and flower indument: pedicels and outer side of bracts, sepals, and petals rather densely covered with erect and appressed hairs. Inflorescences 1 – 6 - flowered, leaf-opposed; pedicels 30 – 70 mm long, c. 1 mm diam, to c. 100 m long and 1.5 – 2 mm diam in fruit; basal bract leafy, broadly ovate to circular, 3 – 42 by 2 – 26 mm, upper bract scale-like, broadly ovate-triangular, 1 – 3 mm long; sepals ovate-triangular to broadly so, 2 – 5 by 2 – 5 mm, sometimes reflexed; petals yellow, subequal, narrowly triangular, 8 – 31 by 3 – 7 mm, margins strongly revolute, apex incurved. Monocarps 5 – 25, green, maturing orange, red to purple, ellipsoid-oblongoid to spherical, 10 – 30 by 9 – 16 mm, glabrous, occasionally rather densely covered with long-persisting, appressed and erect, white, curly hairs, apex rounded, sometimes slightly constricted between the seeds upon drying, wall 0.2 – 0.5 mm thick, stipes 5 – 12 mm long, 1 – 1.5 mm diam. Seeds 2 – 7, in one row, discoid or hemispherical, 6 – 11 by 2 – 5 mm, slightly grooved and pitted. Distribution — Panama (Panama, Veraguas). Habitat & Ecology — In lowland rain forests. At elevations of 0 – 800 m. Flowering: September to April; fruiting: all year through. Vernacular name — Panama: Anonilla. Field observations — ‘ Fruit eaten by white-faced monkeys’ (Croat 1978: 401, Panama). Notes — Desmopsis panamensis is characterized by a brown to white indument of appressed and erect more or less curly hairs on the young twigs, small sepals (2 – 5 mm long), and relatively long pedicels (30 – 100 mm long). On Barro Colorado Island the monocarps have a rather long-persisting indument.	en	Schatz, G. E., Maas, P. J. M., Kamer, H. Maas-van de, Westra, L. Y. T., Wieringa, J. J. (2018): Revision of the Neotropical genus Desmopsis (Annonaceae). Blumea 63 (1): 67-86, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07
3E2187B4F55BFFDFFCA2FC2BFDFDFDB0.taxon	description	Desmopsis schippii Standl. (1932) 130. — Type: Schipp 960 (holo F; iso A, BM, F, G, GH, K, MICH, MO, NY, UC, Z), Belize, Nineteen Mile, Stann Creek Valley, along creek bank in forest, 75 m, 28 June 1932. Desmopsis brevipes R. E. Fr. (1941) 107. — Type: Standley & Valerio 44576 (holo US; iso S (fragment )), Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Tilarán, El Silencio, moist forest, 13 Jan. 1926. Tree or shrub 1.5 – 20 m tall, 5 – 30 cm diam; young twigs glabrous or sparsely covered with appressed hairs. Leaves: petiole 2 – 8 mm long, 1 – 2 mm diam; lamina narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 8 – 22 by 3 – 9 cm, chartaceous, glabrous above, glabrous, but sparsely covered with appressed hairs along the primary vein below, base acute to obtuse, rarely attenuate, apex acute to acuminate (acumen 5 – 20 mm long), the extreme tip obtuse, primary vein impressed above, secondary veins 6 – 8 on either side of primary vein, slightly raised above, tertiary veins slightly raised above, reticulate. Inflorescence and flower indument: pedicels and outer side of bracts, sepals, and petals sparsely to densely covered with appressed hairs. Inflorescences 1 - or 2 - flowered, leaf-opposed, sometimes produced from the main trunk; pedicels 10 – 80 mm long, 0.5 – 1 mm diam, 1 – 2 mm diam in fruit; basal and upper bracts scale-like, broadly ovate-triangular, 1 – 2 mm long; sepals broadly ovate-triangular, 1 – 3 by 1.5 – 4 mm, spreading; petals green, maturing yellow, subequal, narrowly triangular to linear, 15 – 45 by 4 – 6 mm, apex often incurved, margins revolute. Monocarps 2 – 8 (– 11), green, maturing red to purple-black, pulp orange, spherical, broadly ellipsoid, less often oblongoid-ellipsoid, 10 – 27 by 10 – 25 mm, rather densely to sparsely covered with appressed hairs, soon glabrous, apex rounded, rarely slightly constricted between the seeds upon drying, wall 0.5 – 1 mm thick, stipes 1 – 5 mm long, 1 – 3 mm diam. Seeds 1 – 4, in one row, spherical, discoid or hemispherical, 8 – 15 by 3 – 5 mm, strongly grooved. Distribution — Mexico (Tabasco), Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia. Habitat & Ecology — In lowland, evergreen or premontane forests. At elevations of 0 – 1400 m. Flowering: all year through; fruiting: all year through. Vernacular names — Guatemala: Anona. Nicaragua: Anono (Rueda et al. 3779), Botín de reina (Little 25180), Canjura (Grijalva 3776), Palanca (Sandino 3349), Palanco (Rueda & Coronado 6461). Field observations — ‘ Flowers with peculiar ‘ plastic’ scent’ (Nee & Vega 27898, Nicaragua); ‘ pulp of fruits orange and sweet’ (W. D. Stevens 4783, Nicaragua); ‘ flores aromáticas’ (G. Herrera 2066, Costa Rica). Note — Desmopsis schippii is distinguished by a low number (2 – 5) of shortly stipitate (1 – 5 mm long) monocarps, minute bracts, short sepals (1 – 3 mm long), and the almost complete absence of hairs on the vegetative parts. Material from Costa Rica tends to have relatively shorter pedicels.	en	Schatz, G. E., Maas, P. J. M., Kamer, H. Maas-van de, Westra, L. Y. T., Wieringa, J. J. (2018): Revision of the Neotropical genus Desmopsis (Annonaceae). Blumea 63 (1): 67-86, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07
3E2187B4F558FFDFFFF8FDBEFC67FEBF.taxon	description	Desmopsis subnuda (R. E. Fr.) G. E. Schatz & Maas, comb. nov. — Desmopsis galeottiana (Baill.) Saff. var. subnuda R. E. Fr. (1930) 22. — Type: Liebmann 4 (holo C), Mexico, Veracruz, Mirador, Oct. 1841. Tree or shrub 1 – 12 m tall, 7 – 10 cm diam; young twigs and petiole densely to sparsely covered with brown, appressed hairs, soon glabrous. Leaves: petiole 2 – 10 mm long, c. 1 mm diam; lamina elliptic or narrowly so, sometimes ovate, 7 – 12 by 2.5 – 6 cm, chartaceous, shiny and glabrous above, but the primary vein often covered with appressed or erect hairs, glabrous below, except for appressed hairs along primary vein, base obtuse, acute, sometimes attenuate, rarely cordate, apex bluntly acute, primary vein impressed to flat above, secondary veins 5 – 10 on either side of primary vein, slightly raised above, tertiary veins slightly raised above, reticulate. Inflorescence and flower indument: pedicels and outer side of bracts, sepals, and petals sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed hairs to glabrous. Inflorescences 1 - or 2 - flowered, leaf-opposed, occasionally produced from the main trunk; flowering and fruiting pedicels 15 – 50 mm long, 0.5 – 1 mm diam; basal bract leafy or less often scale-like, broadly ovate-triangular, 1 – 25 by 1 – 15 mm, upper bract scale-like to sometimes leafy, broadly ovate, 1 – 7 by 1 – 7 mm; sepals broadly ovate-triangular, 3 – 6 by 3 – 5 mm, spreading; petals greenish yellow to yellow, subequal, sometimes distinctly veined, ovate-triangular or narrowly so, 9 – 20 by 3 – 7 mm. Monocarps 2 – 8, green, maturing red, pulp yellow to orange, spherical, ellipsoid to oblongoid-ellipsoid, 8 – 17 by 8 – 15 mm, sparsely covered with appressed hairs, soon glabrous, apex rounded, sometimes slightly constricted between the seeds upon drying, wall 0.3 – 0.5 mm thick, stipes 3 – 7 mm long, c. 1 mm diam. Seeds 1 – 4, in one row, spherical, discoid or hemispherical, c. 8 by 4 – 5 mm, grooved, slightly pitted. Distribution — Mexico (Oaxaca, Veracruz). Habitat & Ecology — In deciduous and evergreen forest with Bernoullia sp., Brosimum sp., Bursera simaruba, Calophyllum sp., Cedrela sp., Dialium sp., Ficus sp., Manilkara sp., Poulsenia sp., Pouteria sapota, Robinsonella mirandae, Spondias sp., Stemmadenia donnellsmithii, Schizolobium sp., Tapirira sp., Terminalia sp., and Vatairea sp., often on rocky soil. At elevations of 0 – 1050 m. Flowering: March to December; fruiting: all year through. Vernacular names — Not recorded. Field observations — ‘ Flor con olor a anona verde’ (Hernández G. 116, Mexico). Notes — Whereas D. galeottiana (Baill.) Saff. (basionym: Trigynaea galeottiana Baill. typified by Liebmann 7) is considered a synonym of D. trunciflora, the taxon D. galeottiana var. subnuda described by Fries (1931) is typified by Liebmann 4, and is here considered to represent a distinct species for which the combination D. subnuda is proposed. Desmopsis subnuda is characterized by glabrous leaves (except for appressed hairs along the primary vein), the presence of usually two leafy bracts, sepals 3 – 6 mm long, 2 – 8 monocarps, the wall of the monocarps 0.3 – 0.5 mm thick, and stipes 3 – 7 mm long.	en	Schatz, G. E., Maas, P. J. M., Kamer, H. Maas-van de, Westra, L. Y. T., Wieringa, J. J. (2018): Revision of the Neotropical genus Desmopsis (Annonaceae). Blumea 63 (1): 67-86, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07
3E2187B4F558FFDFFCA2FEB6FC4EF94C.taxon	description	Desmopsis talamancana is recognized by its relatively small, glabrous leaves (5 – 9 by 2 – 5 cm), and a small number (5) of large monocarps (20 – 30 by 14 – 20 mm) with seeds in two rows. — Type: Aguilar & Jiménez Madrigal 4317 (holo MO; iso INB, U), Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Cantón de Buenas Aires, R. I. Ujarrás, Cordillera de Talamanca, Reserva Biológica Dúrika, 1500 m, 6 Sept. 1995. Tree 4 – 7 m tall, diam not recorded; young twigs and petiole sparsely covered with appressed hairs, very soon glabrous. Leaves: petiole 3 – 5 mm long, 0.5 – 1 mm diam; lamina narrowly elliptic, 5 – 9 by 2 – 5 cm, chartaceous, verruculose below, dull (but ‘ brillantes’ in vivo), greenish above, greenish below, glabrous above, except for some hairs along the primary vein above, glabrous below, base attenuate, apex acute to acuminate (acumen c. 5 mm long), primary vein strongly impressed above, secondary veins indistinct, 6 – 10 on either side of primary vein, flat to slightly raised above, smallest distance between loops and margin 1 – 2 mm, tertiary veins flat to slightly raised above, reticulate. Inflorescence and flower indument: outer side of bracts and pedicels sparsely covered with appressed hairs to glabrous. Inflorescence: flowers not seen. Infructescence bearing 1 fruit, leaf-opposed; fruiting pedicels 30 – 40 mm long, 1 – 2 mm diam; basal bract leafy, ovate, 10 – 15 by 8 – 10 mm, usually absent in fruit, upper bract scale-like, 1 – 1.5 mm long. Monocarps c. 5, green, maturing orange in vivo, black in sicco, ellipsoid to slightly ovoid, 20 – 30 by 14 – 20 mm, sparsely cover- ed with appressed hairs when young, soon glabrous, apex rounded, not constricted between seeds upon drying, wall 1 – 1.5 mm thick, stipes 3 – 7 mm long, 2 – 3 mm diam. Seeds c. 10, in two rows, hemidiscoid or quartispherical, 10 by 3 – 5 mm, pale brown, slightly grooved. Distribution — Costa Rica. Habitat & Ecology — In submontane forest. At elevations of 1450 – 1500 m. Flowering: not recorded; fruiting: September. Vernacular names — Not recorded. Other specimen examined. COSTA RICA, Puntarenas, Cantón de Buenas Aires, Ujarrás, cabeceras de Río Kuiyé, siguiendo las Filas que dan a Olán, 1450 m, 20 Sept. 1989, G. Herrera 3498 (U 2 sheets). Note — Desmopsis talamancana can be distinguished by its relatively small (5 – 9 by 2 – 5 cm), glabrous leaves with an attenuate base and acuminate apex, a leafy lower bract on the pedicel, and fruits with seeds in two rows. Its leaves are much smaller than other species with biseriate ovules, and it occurs at much higher elevation in Costa Rica than D. biseriata and D. heteropetala.	en	Schatz, G. E., Maas, P. J. M., Kamer, H. Maas-van de, Westra, L. Y. T., Wieringa, J. J. (2018): Revision of the Neotropical genus Desmopsis (Annonaceae). Blumea 63 (1): 67-86, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07
3E2187B4F558FFC1FCA2F927FEF5FED2.taxon	description	Desmopsis trunciflora (Schltdl. & Cham.) G. E. Schatz (1994) 419. — Xylopia trunciflora Schltdl. & Cham. (1831) 417. — Xylopicrum trunciflorum (as ‘ truncifolium ’) (Schltdl. & Cham.) Kuntze (1891) 8. — Unonopsis trunciflora (Schltdl. & Cham.) R. E. Fr. (1900) 27. — Type: Schiede 1287 (holo B; iso BM, HAL), Mexico, ‘ Inter Colipam et litora maris. Reg. cal. Mart. ’, Mar. 1829. Annona? bibracteata Hook. (1841) t. 328. — Guatteria bibracteata (Hook.) Hemsl. (1878) 1. — Type: Galeotti 7083 (holo G), Mexico, Veracruz, Xalapa. Trigynaea (as ‘ Trigyneia ’) galeottiana Baill. (1868) 181. — Unonopsis galeottiana (Baill.) R. E. Fr. (1900) 28. — Desmopsis galeottiana (Baill.) Saff. (1916) 187. — Type: Liebmann 7 (lecto, designated by Safford (1916), C; iso P 2 sheets), Mexico, Veracruz, Palenque, Mar. 1841. Note — Desmopsis trunciflora is very well characterized among the species from Mexico by a dense indument of erect, long-persisting hairs on most parts of the plant. In the youngest leaves this indument is almost silvery coloured. In addition, the relatively low number of monocarps (c. 5) are borne on short stipes (2 – 3 mm long).	en	Schatz, G. E., Maas, P. J. M., Kamer, H. Maas-van de, Westra, L. Y. T., Wieringa, J. J. (2018): Revision of the Neotropical genus Desmopsis (Annonaceae). Blumea 63 (1): 67-86, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07
3E2187B4F546FFC1FFF8FE5EFBD0FEDC.taxon	description	Desmopsis uxpanapensis is recognized by its young twigs and petiole densely covered with long-persisting, brownish, erect hairs, its pedicels (15 – 40 mm long) usually bearing a leafy basal bract, its relatively large sepals (6 – 12 by 3 – 4 mm), and equal, narrowly triangular to linear petals (15 – 50 by 3 – 8 mm). — Type: Schatz & Wendt 977 (holo MEXU; iso CHAPA, F, MO, NY, U, WIS, XAL), Mexico, Veracruz, Mun. Jesus Carranza, Zona Uxpanapa, 2 km N of Poblado, 120 m, 13 Apr. 1984. Tree or shrub 1.5 – 8 m tall, diam not recorded; young twigs and petiole densely covered with long-persisting, brownish, erect hairs to c. 0.5 mm long. Leaves: petiole 5 – 10 mm long, 1 – 2 mm diam; lamina narrowly elliptic, 10 – 20 by 3 – 8 cm, chartaceous, shiny and glabrous above, except for some hairs along primary vein, sparsely covered with appressed hairs to glabrous below, base attenuate to acute, sometimes obtuse, apex acuminate (acumen 5 – 20 mm long), sometimes acute, the extreme tip obtuse, primary vein impressed above, secondary veins 6 – 8 on either side of primary vein, raised above, tertiary veins raised above, reticulate. Inflorescence and flower indument: pedicels and outer side of bracts, sepals, and petals rather densely covered with appressed to erect hairs to subglabrous. Inflorescences 1 - or 2 - flowered, leaf-opposed; pedicels 15 – 40 mm long, c. 0.5 mm diam, to c. 2 mm diam in fruit; basal bract scale-like to usually leafy, ovate-triangular to narrowly so, 4 – 30 by 3 – 17 mm, upper bract scale-like or rarely somewhat leafy, 1 – 6 by 1 – 3 mm; sepals narrowly triangular, 6 – 12 by 3 – 4 mm, spreading to reflexed; petals yellowish green to yellow, equal, narrowly triangular to linear, 15 – 50 by 3 – 8 mm, margins revolute. Monocarps 8 – 15, green, to orange, maturing dark purple, spherical to ellipsoid, 10 – 17 by 7 – 15 mm, glabrous, apex rounded, not constricted between the seeds upon drying, wall 0.2 – 0.5 mm thick, stipes 5 – 13 mm long, c. 1 mm diam. Seeds 1 – 3, in one row, subspherical, discoid or hemispherical, 7 – 10 by 4 – 6 mm, grooved, slightly pitted. Distribution — Mexico (S part of Veracruz). Habitat & Ecology — In medium to tall evergreen to semi-evergreen forest in deeper soil pockets within karstic limestone. At elevations of 100 – 250 m. Flowering: January to May, October; fruiting: February to April, July, October. Vernacular name — Mexico: Anonacia. Field observations — ‘ Flowers fruity fragrant’ (Schatz & Wendt 977, 980, 981, Mexico); ‘ flores con olor fuerte a plátano Maduro’ (Wendt et al. 4827, 4838, Mexico). Other specimens examined. MEXICO, Veracruz, km 0 – 1 del camino plan de Arroyos-Alvaro Obregon, 140 m, Dorantes et al. 2895 (F, MEXU, MO, U, XAL); 0 – 2 km S del Campo Cedillo-Rumbo a Río Alegre, 140 m, Dorantes et al. 2932 (F, U, WIS, XAL); km 0 – 3 camino Plan de Arroyo-Río Alegre, 140 m, Dorantes et al. 3069 (XAL 2 sheets); km 3 – 5 camino a Río Alegre, 150 m, Dorantes et al. 3653 (XAL); camino Cedillo Carolino Maya, 150 m, Dorantes et al. 4170 (XAL); camino a Obregon a 5 km del Campamento Hnos. Cedillos, 150 m, Juan & Avendano 34 (BM, MO, XAL 2 sheets); vicinity of Campamento La Laguna, 100 m, Nee et al. 29732 (F, MO, WIS, XAL); 3 km SW of Campamento La Laguna, 100 m, Nee 30016 (F, K, MO, PRA, U, US, WIS, XAL); 3 km del Campamento Hnos. Cedillos, 150 m, Ortiz 85 (F, MEXU 2 sheets, US, XAL); Zona Uxpanapa, 2 km N of Poblado, 120 m, Schatz & Wendt 977 (MO, WIS), 980 (CHAPA, MO, WIS, XAL), 981 (CHAPA, MO, WIS, XAL); 2 km N del Poblado 2, Ejido F. J. Mina, 120 m, Vázquez et al. 2461 (MO), 2618 (MO), Villalobos et al. 15 (CHAPA, MO, WIS); 2 km al N de Uxpanapa (Pob. 12) en camino al Pob. 13, 150 m, Wendt et al. 4827 (MO); Lomas al S del Pob. 11, c. 27 km. al E. de La Laguna, cañón arriba de ‘ La Cascada’, 250 m, Wendt et al. 4838 (MO). Note — Desmopsis uxpanapensis is readily recognized by its young twigs and petiole densely covered with long-persisting, brownish, erect hairs to c. 0.5 mm long, its pedicels (15 – 40 mm long) usually bearing a leafy basal bract, its relatively long, narrowly triangular sepals (6 – 12 mm long), and monocarps with 1 – 3 seeds in a single row.	en	Schatz, G. E., Maas, P. J. M., Kamer, H. Maas-van de, Westra, L. Y. T., Wieringa, J. J. (2018): Revision of the Neotropical genus Desmopsis (Annonaceae). Blumea 63 (1): 67-86, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07
3E2187B4F546FFC1FCA2FE57FBBFF91E.taxon	description	Desmopsis verrucipes Chatrou, G. E. Schatz & N. Zamora in Erkens et al. (2006) 216, t. 4. — Type: Chatrou, Oosterhof & Aguilar 102 (holo U; iso CR, INB, MO), Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Cantón Osa, 5 km from Bahia Chal, near mouth of Río Rincón, 50 m, 29 Nov. 1998. Tree or shrub 3 – 8 m tall, 2 – 4 cm diam; young twigs and petiole glabrous. Leaves: petiole 5 – 20 mm long, 1 – 3 mm diam; lamina narrowly elliptic, sometimes elliptic, 16 – 40 by 5 – 17 cm, chartaceous, densely verruculose and shiny on both sides, glabrous above, glabrous below, but primary vein sometimes covered with some appressed hairs, base acute, rarely obtuse or attenuate, apex acuminate (acumen 5 – 20 mm long), primary vein slightly impressed above, secondary veins 7 – 14 on either side of primary vein, raised above, tertiary veins flat to slightly raised above, reticulate to somewhat percurrent. Inflorescence and flower indument: pedicels and outer side of bracts, sepals, and petals sparsely covered with appressed hairs to glabrous. Inflorescences 1 – 6 - flowered perennating contracted rhipidia bearing 1 flower at a time, leaf-opposed or often produced from the main trunk; pedicels 10 – 40 mm long, c. 1 mm diam, 1 – 4 mm diam in fruit; basal bract usually scale-like or rarely leafy, 1 – 8 by 1 – 4 mm, upper bract scale-like, broadly ovate-triangular, 1 – 4 by 2 – 4 mm; sepals white with pink to red base, maturing red in fruit, ovate-triangular, 6 – 20 by 4 – 10 mm, distinctly veined; petals greenish yellow to white, subequal, narrowly triangular, 15 – 35 by 5 – 9 mm. Monocarps 5 – 40, green, yellow, orange, maturing red, ellipsoid-oblongoid to spherical, 8 – 30 by 8 – 15 mm, sparsely covered with appressed hairs, soon glabrous, apex rounded, sometimes slightly constricted between the seeds upon drying, wall 0.3 – 0.5 mm thick, stipes 5 – 20 mm long, 1 – 2 mm diam. Seeds 2 – 7, in one row, discoid or hemispherical, 8 – 11 by 2 – 3 mm, slightly grooved, pitted. Distribution — Costa Rica, Panama. Habitat & Ecology — In primary or secondary forests. At elevations of 0 – 500 m. Flowering: January, February and August to November; fruiting: August to January. Vernacular names — Not recorded. Field observations — ‘ Flowers visited by small beetles’ (Neill 5049 A, Costa Rica). Note — Desmopsis verrucipes is recognizable by its shiny, large leaves (16 – 40 by 5 – 17 cm) and large, persistent sepals of up to 20 mm long.	en	Schatz, G. E., Maas, P. J. M., Kamer, H. Maas-van de, Westra, L. Y. T., Wieringa, J. J. (2018): Revision of the Neotropical genus Desmopsis (Annonaceae). Blumea 63 (1): 67-86, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07
3E2187B4F546FFC0FCA2F911FEE3FB37.taxon	description	Desmopsis wendtii is recognized by its strictly trunciflorous inflorescences, relatively long pedicels (30 – 50 mm long) bearing scale-like basal and upper bracts, unequal petals, the inner petals narrower, and 12 – 17 ovules in two rows. — Type: Wendt et al. 4053 (holo CHAPA; iso MEXU, MO, NY, U, WIS, XAL), Mexico, Veracruz, Mun. Minatitlán, 12 km NE of Uxpanapa, along road to Díaz Ordaz, loma SW of Díaz Ordaz and NW of Poblado, 200 m, 13 May 1983. Tree 10 – 14 m tall, 25 – 40 cm diam; young twigs sparsely cover- ed with appressed hairs, soon glabrous. Leaves: petiole 7 – 15 mm long, 1 – 3 mm diam; lamina oblong-elliptic to oblongobovate, 10 – 30 by 3 – 10 cm, chartaceous, shiny and glabrous above, glabrous below, base acute, apex acuminate (acumen 5 – 15 mm long), primary vein impressed above, secondary veins 8 – 12 on either side of primary vein, raised above, tertiary veins raised above, reticulate. Inflorescence and flower indument: pedicels and outer side of bracts, sepals, and petals sparsely covered with appressed hairs to glabrous. Inflorescences 1 – 3 - flowered, borne on the main trunk from near the base to 2 m high; pedicels 30 – 50 mm long, c. 1 mm diam; basal and upper bracts scale-like, broadly ovate, 1 – 2 mm long; sepals broadly ovate, 3 – 6 by 3 – 6 mm, spreading; petals greenish yellow to yellow, with a red blush inside at the base at anthesis, unequal, outer petals elliptic to ovate, 20 – 30 by 8 – 14 mm, inner ones oblong-elliptic, 24 – 25 by 7 – 9 mm; carpels 5 – 10, ovaries 2 – 2.5 mm long, densely covered with appressed, silvery hairs, stigma spherical to obpyriform, c. 1 mm diam, sparsely covered with appressed hairs, ovules 12 – 17, in two rows. Monocarps and seeds unknown. Distribution — Mexico (Veracruz). Habitat & Ecology — In tropical wet forest with Acacia usamacintensis, Brosimum sp., Compsoneura sprucei, Dialium sp., Guarea sp., Guatteria grandiflora, Pouteria sapota, Terminalia sp., Zuelania sp., etc. At an elevation of c. 200 m. Flowering: April, May; fruiting: not known. Vernacular names — Not recorded. Field observations — ‘ Flowers with a fragrance of ripe banana, with an element of formalin’ (Wendt et al. 4053, Mexico). Other specimens examined. MEXICO, Veracruz, Mun. Minatitlán, 12 km NE of Uxpanapa, along road to Díaz Ordaz, loma SW of Díaz Ordaz and NW of Poblado, 200 m, Schatz & Wendt 988 (MEXU, MO, WIS). Note — The strictly trunciflorous habit distinguishes D. wendtii. The flower closely resembles those of the genus Guatteria, which, however, possess a single basal ovule, imbricate petals, and axillary inflorescences. The biseriate condition of the ovules is shared with a number of species from Costa Rica including D. biseriata (also from Panama), D. heteropetala, and D. talamancana.	en	Schatz, G. E., Maas, P. J. M., Kamer, H. Maas-van de, Westra, L. Y. T., Wieringa, J. J. (2018): Revision of the Neotropical genus Desmopsis (Annonaceae). Blumea 63 (1): 67-86, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07
3E2187B4F545FFC2FDC8FAF6FBC8FA26.taxon	description	heteropetala R. E. Fr. 10 verrucipes Chatrou, G. E. Schatz & N. Zamora izabalensis Standl. & Steyerm. 11 24	en	Schatz, G. E., Maas, P. J. M., Kamer, H. Maas-van de, Westra, L. Y. T., Wieringa, J. J. (2018): Revision of the Neotropical genus Desmopsis (Annonaceae). Blumea 63 (1): 67-86, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07
3E2187B4F545FFC2FDC8FA76FAA5F9F5.taxon	description	maxonii Saff. 12 Guatteria bibracteata (Hook.) Hemsl. 22 mexicana R. E. Fr. 13 Trigynaea galeottiana Baill. 22 microcarpa R. E. Fr. 14 Unona bibracteata B. L. Rob. 1 neglecta (A. Rich.) R. E. Fr. 15 panamensis B. L. Rob. 18 nigrescens G. E. Schatz 16 Unonopsis galeottiana (Baill.) R. E. Fr. 22 oerstedii Saff. 17 trunciflora (Schltdl. & Cham.) R. E. Fr. 22 panamensis (B. L. Rob.) Saff. 18 Uvaria neglecta A. Rich. 15	en	Schatz, G. E., Maas, P. J. M., Kamer, H. Maas-van de, Westra, L. Y. T., Wieringa, J. J. (2018): Revision of the Neotropical genus Desmopsis (Annonaceae). Blumea 63 (1): 67-86, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07
3E2187B4F545FFC2FFF8FA99FB6FFAA6.taxon	description	LIST OF VERNACULAR NAMES Desmopsis (cont.) Desmopsis (cont.)	en	Schatz, G. E., Maas, P. J. M., Kamer, H. Maas-van de, Westra, L. Y. T., Wieringa, J. J. (2018): Revision of the Neotropical genus Desmopsis (Annonaceae). Blumea 63 (1): 67-86, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07
3E2187B4F545FFC2FDC8F9AAFBD0F82C.taxon	description	Anona (eryt, schi) Anonacia (uxpa) Anonilla (eryt, pana) Anono (schi) Botín de reina (schi) Cabo de Hacha (eryt) Canjura (schi) Flor de Guineo (bibr) Guinea (bibr) Palanca (schi) Palanco (micr, schi) Posa de los Indios (bibr) Uva (micr)	en	Schatz, G. E., Maas, P. J. M., Kamer, H. Maas-van de, Westra, L. Y. T., Wieringa, J. J. (2018): Revision of the Neotropical genus Desmopsis (Annonaceae). Blumea 63 (1): 67-86, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.07
