identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
DF6294ACF9DC5991998D10049B2E6DFF.text	DF6294ACF9DC5991998D10049B2E6DFF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oncopodura cavernarum Stach 1934	<div><p>Oncopodura cavernarum Stach, 1934</p><p>Figs 1, 2, 3, 4, 9 A, B, Table 1</p><p>Oncopodura cavernarum Stach, 1934: 12 .</p><p>Oncopodura cavernarum Strouhal 1939: 264.</p><p>Oncopodura cavernarum Strouhal 1940: 410.</p><p>Oncopodura cavernarum Gottstein Matočec et al. 2002: 65.</p><p>Oncopodura cavernarum Polak and Pipan 2021: 5.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>PAO with 1 simple lobe. Unguis elongated, untoothed. Dorsal side of manubrium with 13 + 13 ciliated setae and 4 + 4 long smooth setae. Dens at basal part with 1 dorsointernal hook, at the distal part with 1 dorsoexternal and 1 dorsointernal hook. Mucro with 4 teeth and 2 basal scales.</p><p>Type material. *</p><p>Italy, Trieste, Aurisina, Samatorza, Grotta di Boriano – Vodnica jama (cave), ca. 200 m long, dark zone, 2 specimens, 9. ii. 1928, leg. K. Strasser :</p><p>one permanent slide labeled as ” Italia – Triest, Vodnica jama bei Berje, Nabresina, cca. 200 m länge Höhle, 5. ii. 1928, leg. Strasser ” (inconsistency in the date of record between the slide label and the original description).</p><p>originally as: “ Italien – Vodnica Jama bei Berje (Aurisina = Nabresina, unweit Trieste). Etwa 200 m lange Höhle, ohne Licht, 9. ii. 1928 leg. Karl Strasser (Trieste) ”.</p><p>Slovenia, Divača, Škocjanske jama (cave system), “ Taminzgrotte ”, 300 m from the entrance, at a dripping water pool, 1 specimen, 14. v. 1929, leg. H. J. Stammer :</p><p>one permanent slide labeled as “ Jugoslavia, Krain, St. Cantian Höhle, Taminzgrotte 300 m von Höhleneingang, 14. v. 1929, leg. Stammer ”.</p><p>originally as: “ Italien – Höhlen von San Canziano: Taminzgrotte, 300 m vom Höhleneingang an einem Tropfswasserstümpel, 14. v. 1929, leg. Dr. H. J. Stammer (Breslau) ”.</p><p>Slovenia, Postojna, Postojnska jama (cave system), old cave, “ Tricolore ”, on dripstone with rotting wood, 3 specimens, 19–27. viii. 1930, leg. R. G. Spoecker :</p><p>one permanent slide labeled as “ Italia, Grotta di Postumia, leg. Spoecker ”.</p><p>originally as: “ Grotte di Postumia: Alte Grotte, auf faulendem Holz; Tricolore, auf Tropfsteinen; 19–27. viii. 1930, leg. R. G. Spoecker ”.</p><p>Material used for species redescription.</p><p>Female on slide [CoPJSU 01], Croatia, Perušić, Grabovača, Samograd špilja (cave), touristic cave, final section, organic debris, 1. x. 2016, leg. D. Basara ; 1 specimen on slide, with the same data, leg. R. Ozimec; 8 specimens on slides, Medina špilja (cave), last chamber, organic debris, 1. x. 2016, leg. H. Cvitanović .</p><p>Other material examined.</p><p>Slovenia, • Postojna, Planina, Laze village, Mačkovica jama (cave), 2 specimens on slides, Velika dvorana hall, water surface, 08. x. 2014, leg. A. Rendošová ; Trebnje, Vrhtrebnje, Mala jama (cave), 2 specimens on slides, last chamber, water surface, 08. x. 2014, leg. A. Rendošová .</p><p>Croatia, • Mlakva, Bobići, Kosinj, Pećina u Čakovcu špilja (cave), 1 specimen on slide, near siphon, organic debris, 30. ix. 2016, leg. H. Cvitanović ; Mlakva, Poljane, Kosinj, Pražina Pećina (cave), 1 specimen on slide, at the end of this small cave, twilight zone, under stones, 25. viii. 2016, leg. N. Baković ; Perušić, Pećinski park, Samograd špilja (cave), 2 specimens on slides, a touristic cave, final section, organic debris, 1. x. 2016, leg. D. Basara and R. Ozimec ; Podjelar, Gornji Kosinj, Šojića pećina (cave), 1 specimen on slide, main room, organic debris, 27. ix. 2016, leg. H. Cvitanović .</p><p>Bosnia and Herzegovina, • Tomislavgrad, Omerovići, Dahna (cave), 4 specimens on slides, deep section, water surface, 31. viii. 2017, leg. Ľ. Kováč and R. Ozimec .</p><p>Redescription.</p><p>Body appearance. Body length 1.2–1.4 mm. Colour white, occasionally with very scattered orange pigmentation, the body covered with hyaline scales.</p><p>Antennae. It is slightly longer than the head, without apical bulb and scales (Fig. 1 A – D). Ratio Ant I: II: III: IV as 0.30: 0.46: 0.69: 1. Ant I (Fig. 1 B) with 6 thick ventral setae and 8 ordinary setae (smaller than those of Ant II – III). Ant II (Fig. 1 B) with 1 small wrinkled subapical sensillum similar to those of Ant III, 2 pointed sensilla, 15 dorsal and 11 ventral setae. Ant III (Fig. 1 B) with sensory organ formed by 2 wrinkled subapical sensilla with 2 blunt, basal sensilla (one dorsally shorter and slightly thicker at base of wrinkled sensilla and another ventrally long and rod-shaped in the same direction a little lower), 13 dorsal setae, and 21 ventral setae. Ant IV with a row of 4 short and thick sensilla (Fig. 1 A – C), equally distant from each other, and 1 apical modified seta near apical sensillum (Fig. 1 B). Also, there is a sensillum at base of Ant IV (Fig. 1 C). Ventral side of Ant IV with ordinary setae, dorsal part with ordinary and elongated setae.</p><p>Head. Eyes absent. PAO with 1 simple lobe located near base of Ant I (Fig. 2 B). Labrum with 4 prelabral setae and 3 rows of 5, 5, 4 setae on papillae (Fig. 2 C). Left mandible with 4 teeth and right mandible with 3 teeth.</p><p>Ventral head without scales, setal pattern as in Fig. 2 E, all ventral setae smooth. Head dorsally with 5 + 5 inter-antennal and 4 lateral setae on each side placed around PAO (2 long and 2 short setae posterior to PAO). Two rows of 5 and 6 setae, respectively, in front of prelabral setae. Head dorsally with scales, dorsal microsetae as in Fig. 2 A. Labial triangle with 8 smooth setae. Labium and labial triangle as in Fig. 2 D.</p><p>Body. The setal pattern follows the general pattern described for the genus (Szeptycki 1977; Jordana et al. 2012). Mesothorax extended forward slightly over the head, distally with a row of smooth spine-like setae, laterally with 1 trichobothrium. Metathorax with 2 + 2 trichobothria. Abd II with 1 + 1 trichobothria. Abd V with 3 + 3 anterior sensilla, 2 + 2 short medial sensilla and 4 + 4 ordinary posterior setae (Fig. 9 A, B). Medial pseudopores are present on Th II – Abd IV.</p><p>Ventral tube (collophore) without prominent papillae, with 4 + 4 setae on lateral lobes. Tenaculum with 4 + 4 teeth, with 1 seta (broad at the base).</p><p>Legs. Without scales, setal pattern as in Fig. 3 A – C. Leg I: trochanter with 5 setae, femur with 7 setae, Ti with 29 setae. Leg II: trochanter with 5 setae, femur with 8 setae, Ti with 28 setae, and 1 clavate (apically expanded) macroseta. Leg III: trochanter with 4 setae, femur with 11 setae; Ti with 25 setae. Most Ti setae large, acuminate, and extremely finely ciliated; tenent hair slender and acuminate. Pretarsus with 2 lobes and 2 short setae (1 internal, 1 external). Unguis (Fig. 3 D – F) elongated (50 μm), untoothed; unguis basal lamella present, shorter than or equal to half the length of the unguis. Ratio claw length: width (at basal part) as 5.2: 1. Unguiculus acuminate.</p><p>Furca. Ratio manubrium: dens: mucro as 1: 0.52: 0.56. Ventral side of manubrium with scales, dorsal side with 4 + 4 long smooth setae, 5 + 5 ciliated macrosetae; 7 + 7 ciliated mesosetae, 1 + 1 ciliated distal macrosetae reaching toward the dens (Fig. 4 A). Ventral side of dens with scales; setal pattern of dorsal side of dens subdivided into basal and distal part (Fig. 4 B). Basal part dorsointernally with 1 dentated hook, 1 smooth conical spine (broad at the base and strongly tapered at the top), 3 ciliated macrosetae (basal tubercle in dorsal side with 2 ciliated macrosetae and 1 long smooth seta). Dorsoexternally with 2 smooth conical spines (1 medial, 1 distal) and 2 ciliated macrosetae that are located between them. Distal part of dens with 2 dorsal short, smooth medial spine-like setae; dorsointernally with 1 distal dentated hook, 1 ciliated macroseta, 1 short smooth conical spine; dorsoexternally with 1 long and strong distal dentated hook and 1 ciliated macroseta. Dens apically with 5 smooth ventral setae (Fig. 4 B). Mucro slightly longer than dens with 4 teeth: 2 apical, 1 medial and 1 basal (basal teeth very sharp and pointed), with 2 basal scales extending beyond the tip of the mucro (Fig. 4 C).</p><p>Both sexes are known.</p><p>Discussion.</p><p>The authors had a chance to study type specimens of this species mounted on permanent slides, kindly provided by Prof. Wanda M. Weiner from the Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals PAS, Kraków, Poland. However, most of the specimens were dried out, and only one of them showed visible details of the foot complex. Therefore, the redescription of O. cavernarum is based on freshly mounted specimens collected in caves of Grabovača karst area near the town of Perušić in Croatia, where a complete set of diagnostic morphological characters could be observed. We reached this decision based on a study of recent specimens from several populations in Slovenia and Croatia (see “ Other material examined ”), in which the diagnostic characters were shown to be stable.</p><p>Some minor discrepancies were observed between the present redescription and the original description by Stach (1934). For instance, broadened setae on Ant I were not illustrated in the original figures since Stach provided only drawings of its dorsal side, whereas these setae are located on the ventral side. Similarly, slightly broader and longer setae on the ventral side of Ant II were not included in the original drawings, presumably for the same reason. In the dens, the original illustrations also appear to be incomplete. The smooth dorsointernal conical spine in the basal part was not depicted, and only 2 of 5 ciliated macrosetae (3 internal and 2 external) were illustrated. In the distal part, the 2 dorsal smooth medial spine-like setae were omitted, as well as the 5 smooth ventroapical setae. In addition, basal scales of mucro were not shown in the original figures. These characters are generally stable across most species of Oncopodura, and their absence are most likely related to the limitations of optical resolution and the difficulty of observing delicate and easily detachable setae and scales, which may be lost or overlooked during slide preparation and examination.</p><p>Taxonomic remarks.</p><p>Regarding morphologically similar taxa, there are four species worldwide with one single lobe in PAO, specifically O. cavernarum, O. gledensis Baquero, Vadell &amp; Jordana, 2007, O. ochokochi Mehrafrooz Mayvan &amp; Kováč, 2025, and O. siquierae Seminario-Córdova, Baquero, Jordana &amp; Vadell, 2018 . Among these species, O. ochokochi differs from the remaining three in lacking the basal sensillum on Ant IV, which is present in all others. Oncopodura cavernarum and O. gledensis have basal lamella shorter than or equal to half the length of the unguis, but O. siquierae has this lamella longer than half the length of the unguis. Moreover, there is a difference between O. cavernarum and O. gledensis in the length of the unguis: O. cavernarum has a very long and slender unguis without internal tooth, while O. gledensis has unguis of normal length with a small internal tooth (see Figs 7, 8 in original description).</p><p>Geographic distribution.</p><p>Taking into account the basic biogeographical regionalization of the Dinaric Mountains karst (Sket 2012), O. cavernarum has northwest and central merodinaric distribution (Fig. 10). It has been recorded in caves of Eastern Alps and western and central Dinarides, specifically northeastern Italy (Stach 1934), southwestern Austria (Eggerloch Cave – Strouhal 1939, 1940), western Slovenia (Stach 1934; Polak and Pipan 2021), Croatia – regions of Istria (Gottstein Matočec et al. 2002, cave location not specified) and Lika (recent data), and southwestern Herzegovina (recent data). Within the Dinaric Karst, O. cavernarum occurs in allopatry with another Dinaric congener, O. jugoslavica (see section geographic distribution provided in its redescription below). The wide geographic range of O. cavernarum, which covers several more or less separate karst units, may indicate that this taxon actually represents a species complex. However, this assumption can only be clarified by a thorough examination of these populations at the molecular level.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DF6294ACF9DC5991998D10049B2E6DFF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Mehrafrooz Mayvan, Mahmood;Ozimec, Roman;Kováč, Ľubomír	Mehrafrooz Mayvan, Mahmood, Ozimec, Roman, Kováč, Ľubomír (2026): Redescription of two subterranean species of the genus Oncopodura Carl & Lebedinsky, 1905 (Hexapoda, Collembola) from the Balkan Peninsula. Subterranean Biology 56: 103-125, DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.56.182808
4A9FE2784DE25A1E9E5902EF5C774BE1.text	4A9FE2784DE25A1E9E5902EF5C774BE1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oncopodura jugoslavica Absolon & Kseneman 1932	<div><p>Oncopodura jugoslavica Absolon &amp; Kseneman, 1932</p><p>Figs 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 C, D, Table 2</p><p>Oncopodura jugoslavica Absolon &amp; Kseneman, 1932: 8 .</p><p>Oncopodura jugoslavica Ćurčić et al. 2008: 52.</p><p>Oncopodura jugoslavica Lukić and Deharveng 2008: 125.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>PAO with 4 short, equal single lobes. Unguis elongated, untoothed, unguiculus acuminate. Dorsal side of manubrium with 17 + 17 ciliated setae and 4 + 4 long smooth setae. Dens at basal part with 1 dorsointernal hook, at the distal part with 1 dorsoexternal big and strong dentated hook and 2 dorsointernal hooks. Mucro with 4 teeth and 2 basal scales.</p><p>Type material</p><p>(not seen). Bosnia and Herzegovina, • Rogatica, Vran Do, Golubovići, Konjokrad, Golubina pećina (cave), bat droppings, 1 specimen, 12. x. 1908, leg. K. Absolon .</p><p>originally as: “ Bosnien: Locus Nr. 4 Golubina pećina. Hoch ober der Prača in Südbosnien. 12. x. 1908, 1 exemplar in Fledermauskot mit anderen Collembolen und Lycoria absoloni, we auch anderen Dipteren sowie ihren Maden. Es ist dies ein Locus classicus, wo der verdienstvolle Altmeister der balkanischen Höhlenforschung Viktor Apfelbeck im Jahre 1888 den ersten bosnischen Höhlenkäfer Antrohepron cylindricolle entdeckt hat. ”</p><p>Rogatica, Sočice, Banja Stijena, Govještica – Govednica pećina (cave), a large water cave with dry passages, 20 specimens, on sinter walls, 2. vii. 1912, leg. K. Absolon.</p><p>originally as: “ Bosnien: Locus Nr. 38. Govednica pećina bei Banja Stijena im Prača-défilé. 2. vii. 1912. 20 Exemplare auf Höhlentropfsteinwänden mit dem Käfer Pholeunopsis setipennis Apfelbeck und der Spinne Taranucnus patellatus Kultcz. Große Wassergrotte in Verbindung mit trockenen, nur scheinbar isoliert liegenden Gängen (von Dr. Absolon im J. 1908, 1912 durchforscht) ”.</p><p>Gacko, Avtovac, Korita, Kobilja glava, Đatlo pećina (cave), 1 specimen, deep in the giant cave, on sinter walls, viii. 1913, leg. K. Absolon.</p><p>originally as: “ Herzegowina: Locus Nr. 302 Gjatlo pećina bei Korito, viii. 1913. 1 Exemplar, tief in der Riesenhöhle an Stalagmitenwänden ”.</p><p>Popovo Polje, Ravno, Baba pećina – Čvaljina (cave), on stalagmites, 2 specimens, 12. vii. 1913; ibidem, 1 specimen, 1. viii. 1913, leg. K. Absolon.</p><p>originally as: “ Herzegowina: Locus Nr. 83. Baba pećina. 12. viii. 1913, 2 Exemplare, auf Stalagmiten mit Typhlopoduren, einer neuen Tomocerusart und Reymondyonomus ganglbaueri, einem polycavernicolen blinde Curculioniden – Nr. 117 derselbe Fundort, 12. viii. 1913. 1 exemplar ”.</p><p>Popovo Polje, Trebinje, Lastva, Babić pećina (cave), deep section, on stalagmites, 1 specimen, 15. viii. 1917, leg. K. Absolon.</p><p>originally as: “ Herzegowina: Locus Nr. 679. Babić pećina hinter Laštva, 15. viii. 1917. 1 Exemplar tief in der Höhle auf Stalagmiten mit Typhlopoduren und zahlreichen anderen Grottentierchen. ( Travunia troglodytes Roewer.) ”.</p><p>Croatia</p><p>Konavle, Cavtat, Šipun špilja (cave), on stalagmites, 1 adult and 2 juveniles, 8. vii. 1917; 1 specimen, 12. viii. 1917, leg. K. Absolon</p><p>originally as: “ Süddalmatien: Locus Nr. 652. Šipun špilja bei Ragusa V. 8. vii. 1917. 1 ad., 2 juv. mit Bathyscien, Bythinus neumanni, Pseudosinella heteromuroides n. sp. in litt., Campodeen, Cyphoniscellus hercegovinensis Verh. ( Isopoda) und anderen zusammen an Stalagmiten. Nr. 676. 12. viii. 1917. 1 Exemplar unter denselben Umständen gesammelt ”.</p><p>Material from type locality.</p><p>Female on slide [CoPJSU 02], Bosnia and Herzegovina, Rogatica, Sočice village, Mračna pećina (cave), Golubina pećina – Govještica – Mračna cave system, dark zone, cave floor, pitfall trap, 7. viii. 2023 – 16. x. 2024, leg. D. Čeplík ; ibidem, 5 specimens on slides, 6 specimens in 96 % ethyl alcohol.</p><p>Other material examined.</p><p>Bosnia and Herzegovina, • Fojnica, Dusina village, Dusina pećina (cave), 10 specimens on slides, dark zone, cave floor, pitfall trap, 6. viii. 2023 – 15. x. 2024, leg. D. Čeplík ; Sanski Most, Kamičak village, Pećina u Sani (cave), 7 specimens on slides, dark zone, cave floor, pitfall trap, 5. viii. 2023 – 19. x. 2024, leg. D. Čeplík .</p><p>Croatia, • Konavle, Cavtat, Dubravka, Gusarska jama (cave), 4 specimens on slides, main hall, under stones, 23. ix. 2014, leg. H. Cvitanović and R. Ozimec ; Kuna Konavoska, Špilja Jezero (cave), 1 specimen on slide, deep section, under stones, 26. ix. 2014, leg. H. Cvitanović ; Dubrovnik, Gromača, Špilja za Gromačkom vlakom (cave), deep section, under stones, 1 specimen on slide, 25. ix. 2014, leg. H. Cvitanović ; Doli, Visočani, Vranja peć (cave), 1 specimen on slide, deep section, organic debris, 20. ix. 2014, leg. T. Dražina ; Metković, Vidonje, Velika jama poviše Tornja (cave), 3 specimens on slides, dark zone on the bottom of pit, organic debris, 11. xi. 2014, leg. D. Basara .</p><p>Montenegro, • Virpazar, Trnovo, Babatuša (cave), 1 specimen on slide, sinter pool, water surface, 06. vi. 2015, leg. Ľ. Kováč .</p><p>Redescription.</p><p>Body appearance. Body length 1.4–2.2 mm. Colour white, sometimes with very scattered orange pigmentation, the body covered with hyaline scales.</p><p>Antennae. Slightly longer than head, without apical bulb and scales (Fig. 5 A – D). Ratio Ant I: II: III: IV as 0.2: 0.52: 0.67: 1. Ant I (Fig. 5) with 8 thick ventral setae and 7 ordinary setae (smaller than those of Ant II – III). Ant II with 1 small wrinkled subapical sensillum similar to those of Ant III, 6 pointed sensilla, 18 dorsal and 16 ventral setae. Ant III with sensory organ formed by 2 small wrinkled sensilla with 2 blunt, basal sensilla (1 laterodorsally at base of wrinkled sensilla and another ventrally in the same direction a little lower), 11 thick setae at their base, and 27 slender, long setae. Ant IV (Fig. 5 A) with a row of 4 thick and oval sensilla (Fig. 5 C), equally distant from each other, and 1 apical modified seta (Fig. 5 B). Also, there is a sensillum at base of Ant IV. Ventral side of Ant IV with ordinary setae, dorsal part with ordinary and elongated setae.</p><p>Head. Eyes absent. PAO well developed and located near base of Ant I, very distinct, about 15 µm in diameter, with 4 equal lobes formed around a central circle (Fig. 6 B). Labrum with 4 prelabral setae and 3 rows of 5, 5, 4 setae on papillae (Fig. 6 C). Left mandible with 4 teeth and right mandible with 3 teeth.</p><p>Ventral head without scales, setal pattern as in Fig. 6 E, all ventral setae smooth. Head dorsally with 3 + 3 inter-antennal and 3 lateral setae on each side placed around PAO. Two rows of 10 and 11 macrosetae, respectively, in front of prelabral setae. Dorsal head with scales, dorsal microsetae as in Fig. 6 A. Labium and labial triangle as in Fig. 6 D.</p><p>Body. The setal pattern follows the general pattern described for the genus (Szeptycki 1977; Jordana et al. 2012). Mesothorax extended forward slightly over the head, distally with a row of smooth spine-like setae, laterally with 1 trichobothrium. Metathorax with 2 + 2 trichobothria. Abd II with 1 + 1 trichobothria. Abd V with 3 + 3 anterior sensilla, 2 + 2 short medial sensilla and 3 + 3 ordinary posterior setae (Fig. 9 C, D). Medial pseudopores are present on Th II – Abd IV.</p><p>Ventral tube (collophore) without prominent papillae, with 3 + 3 setae on lateral lobes. Tenaculum with 4 + 4 teeth, with 1 seta (broad at the base).</p><p>Legs. Setal pattern as in Fig. 7 A – C. Leg I: coxa with 3 setae, trochanter with 7 setae, femur with 15 setae, Ti with 26 setae. Leg II: coxa with 3 setae, trochanter with 6 setae, femur with 16 setae, Ti with 25 setae and 1 stout, clavate (apically expanded) macroseta. Leg III: coxa with 8 setae, trochanter with 6 setae, femur with 15 setae, Ti with 29 setae. Most Ti setae large, acuminate, and extremely finely ciliated; tenent hair slender and acuminate. Pretarsus with 3 lobes and 2 short setae (1 internal, 1 external). Unguis (Fig. 7 D – F) elongated (73 μm), untoothed; basal lamella present, longer than half of the unguis. Ratio claw length: width (at basal part) as 4: 1. Unguiculus acuminate.</p><p>Furca. Ratio manubrium: dens: mucro as 1: 0.57: 0.76. Ventral side of manubrium with scales, dorsal side with 4 + 4 long smooth setae and 1 + 1 smooth conical laterodistal setae (broad at the base and strongly tapered at the top), 12 + 12 ciliated mesosetae; 4 + 4 ciliated macrosetae, 1 + 1 ciliated distal macrosetae reaching toward the dens (Fig. 8 A). Ventral side of dens with scales; setal pattern of dorsal side of dens (Fig. 8 B) subdivided into basal and distal part. Basal part dorsointernally with 1 dentated hook, 1 smooth conical spine, 3 ciliated macrosetae (basal tubercle in dorsal side with 2 ciliated macrosetae and 1 long smooth seta). Dorsoexternally with 2 smooth conical spines (1 medial, 1 distal) and 2 ciliated macrosetae that are located between them. Distal part of dens with 2 dorsal short, smooth medial spine-like setae; dorsointernally with 2 short dentated hooks (1 medial, 1 distal) and 1 ciliated macroseta; dorsoexternally with 1 big and strong dentated hook and 1 ciliated macroseta. Dens apically with 5 smooth ventral setae. Mucro slightly longer than dens with 4 teeth: 2 apical, 1 medial and 1 basal, mucro with 2 basal scales which are shorter than the length of the mucro (Fig. 8 C).</p><p>Discussion.</p><p>The deposition of the type material of O. jugoslavica is unknown; it has probably been lost. Therefore, the species redescription is based on specimens recently collected in Mračna, which is part of the large cave system Golubina pećina – Govještica – Mračna located in Bosnia near the Prača River. This is the northernmost type locality of the species.</p><p>Some differences were observed between the present redescription and the original illustrations. Internal rod-like sensilla on Ant III were not illustrated in the original figures since only its dorsal side was drawn. Basal part of dens includes 5 ciliated macrosetae (3 internal and 2 external), of which only 1 internal and 1 external were depicted in the original figures. This is most likely because the ciliated hairs may have been overlooked during examination of the specimen, or they may have been lost during the slide preparation due to their fragility and tendency to break off easily. Similarly, in the original illustrations, 2 smooth dorsomedial spine-like setae and 5 smooth ventroapical setae on distal part of dens were not provided, as only its dorsal side was depicted in the original figures.</p><p>Taxonomic remarks.</p><p>Oncopodura jugoslavica belongs to 11 species characteristic with 4 simple lobes in PAO: O. arecibena Mari Mutt, 1984, O. cruciata Bonet, 1943, O. hyleana Arlé, 1960, O. indica Yosii, 1966, O. iowae Christiansen, 1961, O. japonica Yosii, 1956, O. mala Christiansen &amp; Bellinger, 1996, O. meridionalis Cassagnau, 1959, O. nana Thibaud &amp; Najt, 1987, O. subhoffi Christiansen &amp; Bellinger, 1998, and O. vioreli Gruia, 1989 .</p><p>Oncopodura japonica and O. subhoffi differ from O. jugoslavica and other 9 species by mucro with more than 4 teeth. Among nine species with 4 teeth on mucro, O. nana and O. meridionalis have 7 broad sensilla at midline of Ant IV, while other species have 4 such sensilla. Oncopodura jugoslavica, O. cruciata and O. indica have a broad sensillum at the base of Ant IV, but it is missing in the other species, namely O. arecibena, O. iowae, O. hyleana, O. mala and O. vioreli . The presence of basal scale on mucro, and 6 broad sensilla on Ant II separate O. jugoslavica from O. cruciata and O. indica . Moreover, O. cruciata has 3 broad sensilla, which are absent in O. indica .</p><p>Regarding the setal pattern of the dorsal side of dens, O. jugoslavica, O. cruciata, O. indica and O. japonica are placed in the same group. Oncopodura jugoslavica is distinguished from the other three species by having unguis basal lamella longer than half the length of the unguis, while O. cruciata lacks this character and it is shorter than or equal to half the length of the unguis in O. indica and O. japonica .</p><p>Geographic distribution.</p><p>Like the previous species, O. jugoslavica has a broad geographical distribution with a southeastern merodinaric range (Fig. 10). It has been recorded in caves in the southeastern Dinarides, specifically in central and southern Dalmatia in Croatia-Biokovo (Lukić and Deharveng 2008), Lower Neretva (recent data), Dubrovnik Primorje (recent data) and Konavle (Absolon and Kseneman 1932 and recent data), eastern and central Bosnia and Herzegovina (Absolon and Kseneman 1932 and recent data), and Montenegro (Ćurčić et al. 2008 – cave location not specified, and recent data). Oncopodura jugoslavica generally occurs in allopatry with another Dinaric congener, O. cavernarum (see the section on distribution of this species), but a record of O. cavernarum in Dahna Cave in southwestern Bosnia suggests a possible overlap in its range with O. jugoslavica in the central Dinarides. Like O. cavernarum, O. jugoslavica inhabits several isolated karst areas, suggesting that its cave populations may in fact constitute a species complex. However, as in previous species, this question requires further investigation at the molecular level.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4A9FE2784DE25A1E9E5902EF5C774BE1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Mehrafrooz Mayvan, Mahmood;Ozimec, Roman;Kováč, Ľubomír	Mehrafrooz Mayvan, Mahmood, Ozimec, Roman, Kováč, Ľubomír (2026): Redescription of two subterranean species of the genus Oncopodura Carl & Lebedinsky, 1905 (Hexapoda, Collembola) from the Balkan Peninsula. Subterranean Biology 56: 103-125, DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.56.182808
