taxonID	type	description	language	source
3976C509FFFAFF8FFDF2F91CFC08579F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Both sexes Body length 6.2 – 12.0 mm. Antenna with 23 – 27 segments; flagellomeres filiform, medial articles much longer than broad and scarcely thickened. Head in frontal view rounded and broad, but dorsal margin scarcely convex with more or less flattened broad median part (sometimes vertex with a weak median longitudinal depression, thus dorsal margin of head in frontal view slightly notched). Supra-antennal elevation well-developed, in dorsal view triangular to semicircular. Mandibular condyli close to eyes, mandibles sub-laterally attached to head in frontal view. Malar space shorter than antennal pedicel. Occipital carina broadened dorsally and invariably narrow laterally. Maxillary palps with 6 long and slender segments. Last segment of labial palp widened distally, forming an elongate asymmetrical triangle in shape. Metanotal disk, except anterior marginal portion, largely smooth and shiny. Anterior propodeal furrow well-developed with inner longitudinal keels, distinctly broadened in its median part. Propodeal foramen reverse V-shaped, but foramen carina semicircular. Fore trochanter subparallel-sided and distinctly longer than hind trochanter; hind trochantellus sub-posteriorly with vertical groove, forming posterior triangular compartment, seemingly two-segmented. Metasomal tergum I in dorsal view usually much broader than long (more distinct in female; but almost as long in male of J. jiangliae Chen, Archterberg, He & Xu, 2014), anteriorly with large hemi-spherical depression. Wings hyaline but usually with darkened spot covering pterostigma and anterior part of marginal cell below pterostigma, or often also expanding to posterior portion of submarginal cell I, entire submarginal cell II, and entire submarginal cell III. Metasomal sterna simple, without armature. Females Metasoma straight distally, sometimes with posterior two segments obliquely downward-directed. Posterior margin of metasomal sternum VI not forming distinct awl. Ventral margin of metasomal sternum II in lateral view weakly convex. Males Flagellomeres 12 – 18 with rounded or elliptical tyloids. Metasoma straight distally. Paramere tongue-shaped, length-to-width ratio variable. Aedeagus laterally flattened. Taxonomic remarks This genus was established by Tsuneki (1991), who based his description of Jezonogonalos marujamae Tsuneki, 1991 from Japan on a single old and poorly preserved specimen. Lelej (1995) contested this validity and included J. marujamae in the genus Pseudogonalos Schulz, 1906. However, Chen et al. (2014) re-instated Jezonogonalos Tsuneki, 1991, included in the genus two species (J. laeviceps (Tsuneki, 1991) and J. satoi (Tsuneki, 1991 )) initially described by Tsuneki from Taiwan under the genus Taiwanogonalos Tsuneki, 1991, and described a number of new species from China. Other new Chinese species have recently been added (Tan et al. 2017; Chen et al. 2020; Zhang et al. 2022), bringing the number of Jezonogonalos species to 11. We agree with Chen et al (2014) on the validity of this genus. Included species and distribution Among the Trigonalyidae, the genus Jezonogonalos has been notable for its limited distribution, having been recorded only from Japan, continental China and Taiwan. The distribution of the genus is extended to Korea by a new species described in the present study. With 12 species described (Tsuneki 1991; Carmean & Kimsey 1998; Chen et al. 2014, 2020; Tan et al. 2017; Zhang et al. 2022; this study), the genus appears to be well diversified in continental China: Jezonogonalos eburnalva Zhang & Chen, 2022 (China: Yunnan); J. elliptifera Chen, Achterberg, He & Xu, 2014 (China: Sichuan); J. jiangliae (China: Tibet: Ranwu-Chayu); J. koreana sp. nov. (South Korea: Gyeonggi-do, Gangwon-do, Chungcheongnam-do, Chungcheongbuk-do, Daejeon Metropolitan City, Jeollabuk-do, Jeollanam-do, Gyeongsangnam-do); J. laeviceps (Taiwan); J. luteata Chen, Achterberg, He & Xu, 2014 (China: Sichuan); J. mandibularis Tan & Achterberg, 2017 (China: Shaanxi); J. marujamae (Japan); J. nigrata Chen, Achterberg, He & Xu, 2014 (China: Sichuan); J. nyingchinensis Chen & Achterberg, 2020 (China: Tibet); J. shaanxiensis Tan & Achterberg, 2017 (China: Shaanxi); J. satoi (Taiwan).	en	Kim, Jeong-Kyu, Tripotin, Pierre (2026): Descriptions and biological data on three new species of Trigonalyidae (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyoidea) from South Korea. European Journal of Taxonomy 1048: 177-201, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1048.3245, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3245/14365
3976C509FFF8FF8BFDE8FE75FEDA5048.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 44 CEDE 53 - 2 C 06 - 4 AEE- 9 F 5 B- 5 B 3 E 15 CFB 59 A Figs 1 – 2	en	Kim, Jeong-Kyu, Tripotin, Pierre (2026): Descriptions and biological data on three new species of Trigonalyidae (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyoidea) from South Korea. European Journal of Taxonomy 1048: 177-201, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1048.3245, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3245/14365
3976C509FFF8FF8BFDE8FE75FEDA5048.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Both sexes of this new species can be distinguished from the other Jezonogonalos by the following combination of structural and color characters: broadened dorsal occipital carina with a pair of fovea-like depressions medially; arcuate, layered striae on the area above the propodeal foramen carina (Fig. 1 G); elongated metasomal sternum III, measuring slightly more than half as long as metasomal sternum II (Fig. 1 J); weakly fuscous, small spot on the fore wing, restricted to the pterostigma, anterior portion of the marginal cell, submarginal cell II and submarginal cell III (Fig. 1 E); extensive pale yellow facial markings, covering supra-antennal elevation, larger lateral parts of the clypeus (paired large rounded spots), proximal portion of the mandible, inner orbits and the malar space (Fig. 2 C).	en	Kim, Jeong-Kyu, Tripotin, Pierre (2026): Descriptions and biological data on three new species of Trigonalyidae (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyoidea) from South Korea. European Journal of Taxonomy 1048: 177-201, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1048.3245, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3245/14365
3976C509FFF8FF8BFDE8FE75FEDA5048.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific epithet is an adjective derived from its origin, Korea.	en	Kim, Jeong-Kyu, Tripotin, Pierre (2026): Descriptions and biological data on three new species of Trigonalyidae (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyoidea) from South Korea. European Journal of Taxonomy 1048: 177-201, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1048.3245, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3245/14365
3976C509FFF8FF8BFDE8FE75FEDA5048.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype SOUTH KOREA – Chungcheongnam-do • ♀; Changdong 2 - gu, Daedeok-gu; 19 Jun. – 24 Jul. 2007; P. Tripotin leg.; MT set on tombs and gardens on small forested hills; NIBR. Paratypes SOUTH KOREA – Gyeonggi-do • 1 ♀; Yeogi-san, Suwon-si; 29 Jun. 1994; D. S. Gu leg.; DHU. – Gangwon-do • 2 ♀♀; along Hongcheon river, Magok-ri, Nam-myeon, Chuncheon-si; P. Tripotin; 70 m a. s. l.; 12 Jun. – 11 Jul. 2004; MT at sunlit in clearing in a planted resinous forest; DHU • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; PTC • 1 ♀; Nodong valley, Nodong-ri, Yongpyeong-myeon, Pyeongchang-gun; 37 ° 42.08 ′ N, 128 ° 28.89 ′ E; 26 Aug. – 1 Oct. 2006; P. Tripotin leg.; 3 MTs in shaded forest area; PTC • 1 ♂; near Dongdaesa, Mt Odaesan; 37 ° 44.31 ′ N, 128 ° 35.71 ′ E; 800 m a. s. l.; 1 Oct. – 11 Nov. 2006; P. Tripotin leg.; MT in old Korean fir forest; PTC. – Chungcheongnam-do • 1 ♂; near Boseoksa, Geumsan-gun; 15 Jun. 1998; P. Tripotin leg.; PTC • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 20 – 27 Jun. 1999; P. Tripotin leg.; MT on forest path; PTC • 2 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 27 – 30 Jun. 1999; P. Tripotin leg.; MT under canopy; PTC • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 7 – 10 Jul. 1999; P. Tripotin leg.; DHU • 1 ♂; near Poyeonsa, Seokdong-ri, Nami-myeon, Geumsan-gun; 6 – 24 Jun. 2005; P. Tripotin leg.; MT in forested area; PTC. – Chungcheongbuk-do • 1 ♂; Yangji-ri, Cheongsong-myeon, Okcheon-gun; 36 ° 18.92 ′ N, 127 ° 41.99 ′ E; 26 May – 12 Jun. 2021; P. Tripotin leg.; MT in clearing at edge of forest; DHU • 2 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 19 Jun. – 1 Jul. 2021; P. Tripotin leg.; PTC • 1 ♂; Hapgeum-ri, Dongi-myeon, Okcheon-gun; 36 ° 18.28 ′ N, 127 ° 58.97 ′ E; 6 – 19 Jun. 2021; P. Tripotin leg.; MT in deciduous forest along brooklet; DHU • 1 ♀, 5 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 19 Jun. – 1 Jul. 2021; P. Tripotin leg.; PTC • 1 ♂; Giotong-ri, Okcheon-up, Okcheon-gun; 36 ° 19.85 ′ N, 127 ° 35.71 ′ E; 20 – 24 Jun. 2021; P. Tripotin leg.; MT in clearing in deciduous forest; DHU • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 24 – 29 Jun. 2021; P. Tripotin leg.; PTC. – Daejeon Metropolitan City • 2 ♂♂; Wa-dong; 36 ° 24.02 ′ N, 127 ° 25.98 ′ E; 28 May – 19 Jun.; 2006; P. Tripotin leg.; MT on wild Rosa L. patch; PTC • 3 ♀♀; Changdong 2 - gu, Daedeok-gu; 25 Sep. – 17 Nov. 2021; P. Tripotin leg.; MT on tombs and gardens; PTC. – Jeollabuk-do • 4 ♂♂; Bukjangri, Jeoksang-myeon, Muju-gun; 35 ˚ 98.15 ′ N, 127 ° 69.01 ′ E; 12 Jun. – 2 Jul. 2022; P. Tripotin leg.; MT on small terrace in deciduous forest; DHU • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 35 ˚ 09.87 ′ N, 127 ˚ 68.0937 ′ E; 250 m a. s. l.; 21 Jun. – 2 Jul. 2022; P. Tripotin leg.; MT in deciduous forest on Rubus L.; PTC • 2 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 35.96194 N, 127.69717 E; 515 m a. s. l.; 12 Jun. – 2 Jul. 2022; P. Tripotin leg.; MT on rivulet in deciduous forest; PTC • 3 ♂♂; same data as for proceding; 2 Jul. – 22 Aug. 2022; P. Tripotin leg.; DHU. – Jeollanam-do • 1 ♀; Oryang-ri, Sadeung-myeon, Geoje-si; 34 ˚ 5251 N, 128 ˚ 3031 E; Jun. 20 – 6 Jul. 2004; O. - C. Kwon leg.; DHU. – Gyeongsangnam-do • 1 ♀; Munsu-sa, Songjeon-li, Hamyang-gun; 400 m a. s. l.; 6 – 27 Jun. 2004; P. Tripotin leg.; MT in sunlit area of forest; PTC.	en	Kim, Jeong-Kyu, Tripotin, Pierre (2026): Descriptions and biological data on three new species of Trigonalyidae (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyoidea) from South Korea. European Journal of Taxonomy 1048: 177-201, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1048.3245, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3245/14365
3976C509FFF8FF8BFDE8FE75FEDA5048.taxon	description	Description Female [holotype characteristics in square brackets] MEASUREMENTS. Body length 7.8 – 10.3 [10.3] mm, fore wing length 6.3 – 8.2 [8.2] mm (Fig. 1 A – B). HEAD (Fig. 1 C – D). In frontal view dorsal margin more or less flattened with slight median notch due to a slight longitudinal depression on vertex, appearing more or less transverse, approximately 1.3 × as broad as long. Dorsal length of posterior head 0.7 – 0.8 [0.8] × as long as dorsal length of eye. Genal width 1.3 × as long as eye width. Antenna with 23 – 24 [23] segments. Supra-antennal elevation moderately developed, in dorsal view nearly semicircular and approximately 1.5 × as broad as long; distance between supra-antennal elevation 0.29 – 0.40 [0.29] × as long as distance between eyes at level of supra-antennal elevation. Median length of malar space 0.5 × as long as anterior ocellus diameter. Occipital carina directed toward middle of hypostomal carina, terminates far from it, leaving considerable gap; broadened dorsally, median length approximately one-third of anterior ocellus diameter, medially with pair of deep fovea-like depressions partitioned by strong longitudinal keel. Frons above supra-antennal elevation sparsely to moderately punctate, punctures irregularly spaced by 1 – 3 puncture diameter; area between supra-antennal elevations smooth, shiny; lower frontal area lateral to toruli, except near eyes, smooth and shiny; supra-antennal elevation densely punctate except posterior rim. Ocellar region, gena, vertex and occiput largely smooth with sparse, fine punctures being much smaller than those on frons. Clypeus with sparse, fine punctures. Supraclypeal area densely punctate except marginally. Mandible densely punctate in proximal vertical face and moderately punctate in remaining face. MESOSOMA (Fig. 1 F – H). Median lobe of mesonotum not strongly elevated, with anterior portion slightly higher than lateral lobes. Notauli broad and deep, with transverse inner keels over their entire length. Scutellar disk with shallow median longitudinal impression. Median length of anterior propodeal furrow about 0.8 × as long as anterior ocellus diameter. Propodeal foramen approximately 1.4 × as broad as long, foramen carina approximately 1.8 × as broad as long; tip of foramen almost touching foramen carina. Propleuron, lower half of pronotal side, almost entire posterior inclined face of mesopleuron, upper three-quarters of metapleuron shiny, with sparse and tiny punctures. Upper half of pronotal side densely punctate. Anterior two-thirds of mesopleuron punctate-reticulate. Lower quarter of metapleuron densely, longitudinally carinate. Mesoscutum coarsely sculptured, its lateral lobes more or less irregularly punctate-reticulate, anterior vertical face of median lobe largely smooth, almost entire dorsum of median lobe transversely ridged and partially irregularly reticulate. Anterior horizontal face of scutellar disk punctate-reticulate, posterior declivity densely punctate; scutellar trough with three to four longitudinal carinae [four carinae, innermost one shorter than others]. Metanotal disk smooth; metanotal trough posteriorly with three short longitudinal carinae. Anterior one-third of propodeal dorsum with fine rugae, except anterolateral smooth areas; posterior declivity arcuately striate. Propodeal sides irregularly reticulate. METASOMA (Fig. 1 I – J). Tergum I flat, in dorsal view 0.62 – 0.70 [0.65] × as long as broad posteriorly, with hemi-spherical depression in anterior half; bottom of depression with dense radial ridges originating from articulation; posterior flat area with very fine, sparse punctures. Terga II – VI sparsely to moderately punctate except posteriorly, punctures finer than those on sterna. Sternum I moderately punctate, with sparser punctures in large posteromedian portion. Sterna II – VI densely punctate, with sparser punctures in posteromedian portions of sterna II – III. SETAE. Almost entire body covered with suberect to erect whitish setae. WINGS (Fig. 1 E). Hyaline but weakly fuscous on pterostigma, anterior quarter of marginal cell, submarginal cell II, and submarginal cell III. Submarginal cell II not petiolate proximally, anteriorly receiving 1 m-cu (only in one paratype submarginal cell II shortly petiolate proximally and im-cu received by submarginal cell I), much longer than submarginal cell III (2.1 – 3.4 [2.5] × as long as submarginal cell III), and almost as high as submarginal cell III. COLOR. Body largely black, with pale yellow to bright yellow markings and parts as follows: pair of large rounded clypeal spots, proximal half of mandible, inner orbits, supra-antennal elevation except semitransparent brownish posterior rim, pronotal collar, anterior one-third of lateral margins of median lobe of mesoscutum, posterolateral margins of mesoscutum (lacking in one paratype), posteromedian cordate spot on mesoscutum (lacking or oval in some paratypes), pair of long elliptical spots in scutellar disk, almost entire metanotal disk, pair of posterior spots on metasomal tergum I (lacking in one paratype), posterior band on metasomal sternum I, spots on mid lateral margins of metasomal terga I – III, trochanter and trochantellus of hind leg. Posterior half of mandible ferruginous. Trochanters, trochantelli and femur of fore and mid legs largely chestnut to reddish brown. Tibia and tarsomeres of foreleg brownish yellow. Posterior margins of metasomal sterna II – III semi-transparent brownish to ferruginous. Male As in female, but differs in the following details. Body length 9.4 – 9.8 mm, fore wing length 7.4 – 8.1 mm (Fig. 2 A – B). Antenna with 22 – 26 segments; flagellomeres 8 – 14 with oval-shaped tyloids, those in flagellomere 8 and 14 much smaller (Fig. 2 D). Metasomal tergum I in dorsal view 0.66 – 0.76 × as long as broad posteriorly. Submarginal cell II 1.9 – 3.0 × as long as submarginal cell III, not petiolate proximally, anteriorly receiving 1 m-cu (Fig. 2 D). Body with more reduced yellow markings (Fig. 2 A – C): supra-antennal elevation, inner orbit, mesoscutum, scutellum, metanotum and metasoma without markings. Paramere in lateral view 1.9 × as long as broad (Fig. 2 E).	en	Kim, Jeong-Kyu, Tripotin, Pierre (2026): Descriptions and biological data on three new species of Trigonalyidae (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyoidea) from South Korea. European Journal of Taxonomy 1048: 177-201, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1048.3245, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3245/14365
3976C509FFF8FF8BFDE8FE75FEDA5048.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology No host record or association is available for any species of the genus Jezonogonalos. In Korea, about 40 specimens of this species have been caught in Malaise traps set in various forested areas, usually in the company of several other species of Taeniogonalos. Specimens were collected in open, deciduous or mixed forests with a rich undergrowth. Adults were flying close to the ground vegetation usually in midshaded places, but also sometimes in sun-exposed situations. The males of this species were locally quite abundant in the traps, the females much scarcer (ratio 1: 3), possibly an artifact due to the oviposition of females higher on the vegetation. The species was on the wing from early June to mid July, with another, much reduced generation in late fall (October). Our series of specimens collected at various locations shows a relatively large and uniform body size, an unusual feature within Trigonalyidae. This may indicate a more restricted range of potential hosts, as previously suggested for Taeniogonalos subtruncata Schulz, 1906 in Korea (Kim & Tripotin 2024). According to Chinese records, the genus Jezonogonalos seems to occur mostly in elevated, mountainous areas, usually around 1500 m a. s. l. and up to 2500 m a. s. l. in Tibet. This may be an artifact due to collecting efforts focused mainly on large protected natural areas that are usually mountain ranges. However, in South Korea J. koreana occurs in forested areas from lowland (Daejeon, 200 m a. s. l.) to mid elevated mountainous areas (Mt Odaesan, 900 m a. s. l.).	en	Kim, Jeong-Kyu, Tripotin, Pierre (2026): Descriptions and biological data on three new species of Trigonalyidae (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyoidea) from South Korea. European Journal of Taxonomy 1048: 177-201, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1048.3245, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3245/14365
3976C509FFF8FF8BFDE8FE75FEDA5048.taxon	distribution	Distribution South Korea.	en	Kim, Jeong-Kyu, Tripotin, Pierre (2026): Descriptions and biological data on three new species of Trigonalyidae (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyoidea) from South Korea. European Journal of Taxonomy 1048: 177-201, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1048.3245, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3245/14365
3976C509FFFCFF84FDFDF93DFC4B516E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Both sexes Body length 4.6 – 15.0 mm. Antenna with 22 – 24 segments. Head frontally rounded. Flagellomeres usually spindle-shaped (medial articles more or less thickened), but sometimes nearly filiform. Supra-antennal elevation not distinctly elevated, obtuse triangle in dorsal view, broader than long, with smooth posterior lamellate rim. Vertex strongly swollen, in frontal view its dorsal margin convex, highly raised above posterior ocelli. Mandibular condyli close to eyes, mandibles sub-laterally attached to head in frontal view. Malar space shorter than antennal pedicel. Genal carina meeting lateral edge of mandibular base in Asian species and hypostomal carina in New World species (Carmean & Kimsey, 1998). Maxillary palps with 6 segments very long and slender. Last segment of labial palp widened distally, elongate asymmetrical triangle in shape. Metanotal disk, except anterior marginal portion, smooth and shiny. Anterior propodeal furrow well-developed with inner longitudinal keels, more or less broadened in its median part. Propodeal foramen carina reverse V-shaped. Fore trochanter subparallel-sided and distinctly longer than hind trochanter; hind trochantellus sub-posteriorly with vertical groove, forming posterior triangular compartment, seemingly two-segmented. Metasomal tergum I much broader than long (more distinct in females), anteriorly with large hemi-spherical depression. Wings weakly fuscous, without distinct darkened spot. Females Posterior metasomal segments curved backward to metasomal sternum II. Metasomal sternum II subposteromedially with ledged armature with paired triangular teeth, or paired semi-circular lobes (flap-like in Chen at al. 2014), or semi-circular lobe; armature short, not projected over metasomal sternum III. Metasomal sternum III anteriorly with a narrow lamelliform transverse ledge. Metasomal sterna IV – V anteriorly with very short to evanescent ledges. In ventral view posterior margin of metasomal sternum V inverted trapezoidal, its posterolateral edges triangularly toothed. In ventral view posterior margin of metasomal sternum VI lengthwise funnel-shaped, forming awl (Fig. 3 J; also refer to Yamane & Yamane, 1975: fig. 16). Males Antennal flagellomeres without tyloids. Posterior segments of metasoma obliquely downward-directed. Metasomal sternum II with armature or without. Metasomal sterna III – V anteriorly with flap-like to carina-like ledges. Parameres elongate, rounded, strap-like (Fig. 4 D); aedeagus laterally flattened.	en	Kim, Jeong-Kyu, Tripotin, Pierre (2026): Descriptions and biological data on three new species of Trigonalyidae (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyoidea) from South Korea. European Journal of Taxonomy 1048: 177-201, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1048.3245, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3245/14365
3976C509FFF2FF82FDC3FEB6FE12521D.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 5 A 27 BFA 6 - 6 A 11 - 4 E 94 - A 6 C 5 - C 53 D 61648985 Figs 3 – 4	en	Kim, Jeong-Kyu, Tripotin, Pierre (2026): Descriptions and biological data on three new species of Trigonalyidae (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyoidea) from South Korea. European Journal of Taxonomy 1048: 177-201, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1048.3245, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3245/14365
3976C509FFF2FF82FDC3FEB6FE12521D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis This species closely resembles L. angustula known from China, particularly in the shape of the armature on metasomal sternum II (Fig. 3 K) and coloration in females. However, both sexes of this species can be readily distinguished from L. angustula by the densely punctate mesoscutum and metasoma (Fig. 3 G – J), which are almost smooth and shiny in L. angustula. Additionally, the paired sub-posterior teeth on metasomal sternum II shown in females are straight distally in this species, whereas their tips are ventrally bent in L. angustula (Dr H. - Y. Chen 2024, pers. com.).	en	Kim, Jeong-Kyu, Tripotin, Pierre (2026): Descriptions and biological data on three new species of Trigonalyidae (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyoidea) from South Korea. European Journal of Taxonomy 1048: 177-201, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1048.3245, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3245/14365
3976C509FFF2FF82FDC3FEB6FE12521D.taxon	etymology	Etymology It is an honor to dedicate this species to Curtis P. Clausen, the senior American entomologist (28 Mar. 1893 – 28 Feb. 1976) and author of the famous reference book “ Entomophagous Insects ”, who first discovered and described the unique biology of the Trigonalyidae. We are delighted to bring here some new informations on the fascinating biology of this family.	en	Kim, Jeong-Kyu, Tripotin, Pierre (2026): Descriptions and biological data on three new species of Trigonalyidae (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyoidea) from South Korea. European Journal of Taxonomy 1048: 177-201, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1048.3245, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3245/14365
3976C509FFF2FF82FDC3FEB6FE12521D.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype SOUTH KOREA – Chungcheongnam-do • ♀; Songnae-ri, Maseo-myeon, Seocheon-gun; 36 º 01 ′ 47.19 ″ N, 126 º 43 ′ 35.77 ″ E; 9 – 17 Jun. 2017; O. C. Kwon leg.; MT; NIBR. Paratypes SOUTH KOREA – Incheon Metropolitan City • 1 ♀; Giljeon-dong, Yangdo-myeon, Ganghwagun; 37 º 40 ′ 12.65 ″ N, 128 º 28 ′ 1.70 ″ E; 27 Jun. – 11 Jul. 2018; S. Yang leg.; MT; DHU. – Gyeonggi-do • 1 ♀; Seodun-dong, Suwon-si; 4 Sep. 2001; H. S. Lee leg.; DHU • 1 ♀; Osammi-dong, Osan-si; 6 Sep. 2011; J. K. Kim leg.; DHU. – Chungcheongnam-do • 1 ♀; Changdae-ri, Geumsan-gun; 17 Jun. 1996; P. Tripotin leg.; PTC • 1 ♂; Pohyeonsa, Seokdong, Nami-myeon, Keumsan-gun; 36 º 03.494 ′ N, 127 º 27.225 ′ E; 8 – 24 Jun. 2005; P. Tripotin leg.; MT; PTC • 2 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 21 – 31 Aug. 2005; P. Tripotin leg.; MT; PTC • 7 ♀♀, 1 ♂; Songnae-ri, Maseo-myeon, Seocheon-gun; 36 º 01 ′ 47.19 ″ N, 126 º 43 ′ 35.77 ″ E; 22 May – 5 Jun. 2017; O. C. Kwon leg.; MT; DHU • 6 ♀♀, 7 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 16 Jun. – 5 Jul. 2017; O. C. Kwon leg.; MT; DHU • 1 ♀, 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 15 Jul. – 1 Aug. 2017; O. C. Kwon leg.; MT; DHU • 4 ♀♀, 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 14 – 27 Jun. 2018; O. C. Kwon leg.; MT; DHU • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 8 – 21 Aug. 2018; O. C. Kwon leg.; MT; DHU • 1 ♀, 2 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 10 – 27 May 2019; O. C. Kwon leg.; MT; DHU • 12 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 27 May – 2 Jun. 2019; O. C. Kwon leg.; MT; DHU • 3 ♀♀, 8 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 2 – 9 Jun. 2019; O. C. Kwon leg.; MT; DHU • 5 ♀♀, 8 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 9 – 17 Jun. 2019; O. C. Kwon leg.; MT; DHU • 2 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 17 – 23 Jun. 2019; O. C. Kwon leg.; MT; DHU • 1 ♀, 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 23 Jun. – 1 Jul. 2019; O. C. Kwon leg.; MT; DHU • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 8 – 15 Jun. 2020; O. C. Kwon leg.; MT; DHU • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 15 – 22 Jun. 2020; O. C. Kwon leg.; MT; DHU • 4 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 22 – 29 Jun. 2020; O. C. Kwon leg.; MT; DHU • 1 ♀; same data as for proceding; 20 – 27 Jul. 2020; O. C. Kwon leg.; MT; DHU. – Daejeon Metropolitan City • 1 ♀; Jangdong- 2 - gu; 22 May 1995; P. Tripotin leg.; PTC • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 14 Jul. 1996; P. Tripotin leg.; PTC • 2 ♂♂; Changdong- 2 - gu, Daedeok-gu; 20 May – 19 Jun. 2007; P. Tripotin leg.; MT; PTC • 2 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 19 Jun. – 24 Jul. 2007; P. Tripotin leg.; MT; PTC. – Chungcheongbuk-do • 1 ♀; Seongnae-ri, Geumseong-myeon, Jecheon-si; 10 Jun. 1992; P. Tripotin leg.; PTC. – Chungcheongnam-do • 1 ♀; Bosoksa, Geumsan-gun; 13 – 15 Jun. 1999, P. Tripotin leg.; PTC. – Gyeongsangbuk-do • 1 ♀; Heuibangyegok, Mt Sobaeksan, Yeongju-si; 14 Jul. 1997; D. K. Chung leg.; DHU. – Jeollabuk-do • 1 ♂; Mileuksan, Geumma-myeon, Iksan-si; 36 º 01 ′ 12 ″ N, 127 º 01 ′ 52 ″ E; 20 Jul. – 9 Aug. 2004; P. Tripotin leg.; MT; PTC • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 10 Jun. – 1 Jul. 2006; P. Tripotin leg.; MT; PTC. – Gyeongsannam-do • 1 ♀, 1 ♂; Munsusa, Mt Jirisan, Songjeon-ri, Hamyang-gun; 35 º 24.739 ′ N, 127 º 43.818 ′ E; 19 Jun. – 9 Jul. 2005; P. Tripotin leg.; MT; PTC • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 5 Sep. – 4 Oct. 2005; P. Tripotin leg.; MT; PTC.	en	Kim, Jeong-Kyu, Tripotin, Pierre (2026): Descriptions and biological data on three new species of Trigonalyidae (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyoidea) from South Korea. European Journal of Taxonomy 1048: 177-201, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1048.3245, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3245/14365
3976C509FFF2FF82FDC3FEB6FE12521D.taxon	description	Description Female [holotype characteristics in square brackets] MEASUREMENTS. Body length 4.6 – 11.4 [7.2] mm, fore wing length 3.4 – 8.5 [5.3] mm. HEAD (Fig. 3 B – C, F). In frontal view dorsal margin very convex, appearing rounded, 1.3 – 1.4 [1.4] × as broad as long. Posterior head strongly swollen and enlarged, dorsal length of posterior head 1.3 – 1.7 [1.4] × as long as dorsal length of eye, genal width 1.7 × as long as eye width. Antenna with 22 – 24 [23] segments. Occipital carina narrow throughout, reaching lateral edge of mandibular base. Supra-antennal elevation in dorsal view low obtuse triangular; distance between supra-antennal elevations 0.42 – 0.46 [0.43] × as long as distance between eyes at level of supra-antennal elevation; area between supra-antennal elevations medially with very tiny tubercle. Median length of malar space 0.61 – 0.67 (0.67) × as long as anterior ocellus diameter. Frons densely punctate to partially punctate-reticulate laterally; moderately punctate sublaterally, punctures spaced by 1 – 2 puncture diameter; impunctate and shiny mesally. Vertex, gena, ocellar region, area between supra-antennal elevations, supraclypeal area, clypeus, and mandible largely smooth, just with sparse, fine punctures that are much smaller than those on frons. MESOSOMA (Fig. 3 F – G). Median lobe of mesoscutum much elevated, distinctly higher than lateral lobes. Notauli broad and deep, with inner transverse keels over their entire length. Scutellar disk with shallow median longitudinal impression. Propodeal foramen carina reverse V-like with apex arcuate, 1.25 × as broad as long. Propleuron, pronotum except for anterior vertical face and dorsum of pronotal collar, mesoscutum except for areas surrounding parapsidal lines and notauli, and mespisternum except for smooth lower portion of epimeron densely punctate, punctures stronger and larger than those on lower frons and almost contiguous. Large median portion of scutellum smooth and shiny; remaining marginal portion densely punctate, punctuation similar to mesoscutum. Metanotum smooth and shiny except densely punctate anterior and lateral marginal portions. Metapleuron largely smooth. Anterior propodeal dorsum, except anterolateral smooth areas, matte with oblique longitudinal striae; remainder dorsum areolate with median longitudinal area shiny and smooth; posterior declivity above foramen carina shiny and weakly areolate. Anterior three-quarters of propodeal side areolate; posterior quarter shiny with several longitudinal carinae. METASOMA (Fig. 3 H – K). Tergum I much broader than long, in dorsal view 0.43 – 0.59 [0.48] × as long as broad posteriorly, with hemi-spherical depression in its anterior three-quarters to almost entire dorsum [almost entire dorsum]; bottom of depression irregularly sculptured. Posterior margin of tergum II broadly and weakly concave medially; posterior margins of terga III – IV scarcely concave. Sternum II higher than tergum II in lateral view, posteromedially with pair of small, long, triangular, ledged protuberances more or less spinous (Fig. 3 K); sternum III anteriorly with lamellate ledge, crescentshaped medially, and narrow, sharp, carina-like laterally. Sub-posterolateral portions of terga V – VI more or less strongly bulging. Posterior flat part of tergum I moderately punctate except for smooth posterior rims; terga II – VI and entire sterna moderately to densely punctate, but punctures not contiguous. SETAE. Almost entire body covered with dense, suberect to erect whitish setae, except areas with fine punctures as in upper gena and occiput. Coxae, trochanters, trochantelli, femora ventrally with erect whitish setae; remainder legs with shorter appressed setae. WINGS (Fig. 3 E). Almost entire wings very weakly fuscous; medial, submedial, first submarginal, discal, and subdiscal cells less fuscous. Submarginal cell II not petiolate proximally, anteriorly receiving 1 m-cu, longer and slenderer than submarginal cell III, 1.2 – 1.4 [1.4] × as long as and 0.69 – 0.74 [0.73] × as high as submarginal cell III. COLOR. Body almost entirely black. Proximal triangular marking on mandible and lateral long oval spot on metasomal tergum II creamy-yellow. Teeth of mandible, tegula, posteromedian teeth of metasomal sternum II, inner face of fore tibia, and posterior tip of T 6 ferruginous [marking in posteromedian teeth of metasomal sternum II reduced as in Fig. 3 K]. Male As in female, but differs in following details. Body length 3.6 – 8.3 mm, fore wing length 3.5 – 6.2 mm. Antennae with 22 – 23 segments. Vertex less swollen than in female. Metasomal sternum II without armature, less swollen, slightly lower than metasomal tergum II in lateral view (Fig. 4 A). Metasomal sterna III – V anteriorly with very short ledges across sternal width (Fig. 4 C). Metasomal terga V – VI not bulging sub-posteriorly. Posterior margins of metasomal sterna IV – V slightly concave, sternum VI more deeply concave but still much less semi-circular. Metasomal sterna III – VI much more sparsely punctate than other metasomal sterna (Fig. 4 C). Antennal flagellomeres ventrally chestnut colored; lateral spot on metasomal tergum II absent; fore tarsus, inner face of mid tibia, and mid tarsus yellowish brown (Fig. 4 A – B). Genitalia as in Fig. 4 D: paramere rounded strap-like with sparse setae; aedeagus extends far beyond digitus, with tip long elliptical in dorsal view.	en	Kim, Jeong-Kyu, Tripotin, Pierre (2026): Descriptions and biological data on three new species of Trigonalyidae (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyoidea) from South Korea. European Journal of Taxonomy 1048: 177-201, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1048.3245, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3245/14365
3976C509FFF2FF82FDC3FEB6FE12521D.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology One of the authors (PT) has observed oviposition in natural conditions (Daejeon, Jangdong- 2 - gu, 14 Jul. 1996, small clearing on low hills) which follows the general pattern for the family. The microtype eggs were laid in mid shade along the edges of leaves of low deciduous plants or shrubs, with no apparent selection of the plant. On another occasion, a caged female laid plenty of eggs on leaves of different plants, including a low-growing Fabaceae Lindl. The eggs, rice-grain shaped and about 0.15 mm in length, are not inserted, but simply stuck on the underside of the leaf, at a constant distance of the edge (about 0.8 mm). As is usual for Trigonalyidae, the female lived only for a few days. The species is encountered from mid May to the end of September, with staggered periods of emergence, and probably at least two generations a year. In North America, Lycogaster pullata has been reared as a hyperparasitoid of Ichneumonidae Latreille, 1802 (including Enicospilus Stephens, 1835) in larvae of different families of moths (Saturniidae Boisduval, 1837, Erebidae Leach, 1815 (Arctiinae Leach, 1815), and Notodontidae Stephens, 1828, see Carmean & Kimsey 1998). Two other North American records (Cooper, 1954; Parker & Bohart, 1966) mentioned the emergence of Lycogaster from Eumeninae nests. However, Chen et al. (2014) were sceptical, writing: “ The record from Eumeninae nests probably concerns prey caterpillars that have been infested with both Ichneumonidae and Trigonalyidae ”. PT has collected Eumeninae nests intensively in Korea, and has obtained this species and observed the consumption of the larva of Eumeninae on a number of occasions, including: a very large female (12 mm) obtained from a larva of Oreumenes decoratus Smith, 1852 (Changdong- 2 - gu, Daejeon, adult emerged on 29 Apr. 1998); a very small female (5.5 mm) obtained from the larva of a minute, unidentified Eumenes sp. (Wadong, Changdong- 2 - gu, Daejeon, emerged on 16 May 1996); a small female (7 mm) obtained from the larva of Eumenes rubronotatus Perez, 1905 (Changdong- 2 - gu, Daejeon, nest collected on 4 Feb. 1996, emerged on Apr. 1996). We can therefore confirm here without doubt that Lycogaster clauseni sp. nov. is found regularly in Eumeninae cells, and that the secondary (ultimate) host is the larva of the potter wasp. The larva of Lycogaster emerges ventrally from the larva of Eumeninae during what is probably stage 4 (length about 3 mm), and then feeds externally until pupation. The feeding seems to rely on suction made possible by a sealing of the host’s body fluids around the emergence hole. If broken, this fragile connection can not be reconstructed and the larva of Lycogaster will invariably die. The young Lycogaster larva emerges from his host about 10 days after the beginning of the prepupal stage in the non-parasitized larvae of Eumeninae found in the same nest or locality. This stage is well marked in the larvae of Eumeninae by the appearance of a constriction between what will become the meso- and the metasoma in the future wasp. In parasitized hosts this constriction never occurs. It is very likely that the emergence of the minute larva of Lycogaster is induced by a stimulus occurring in the eumemine host itself when it breaks its dormancy. Whatever the precise mechanism (hormonal signal, reactivation of the host’s metabolism?), the dates of emergence of the parasitoid and its host (when not parasitized) are synchronized. The development of the larva of Lycogaster is rapid after it has begun to feed externally (about a month), and close to or only a few days longer than the host’s normal pupal stage. Both host and parasitoid will emerge almost simultaneously. No cocoon is spun. As seen above, the size of the imago (very variable, from 4 to 12 mm) depends on the size of the secondary host larva. This species is remarkable for its ability to achieve development on minute hosts. In the case of very large hosts, like some larvae of Oreumenes decoratus, the host is not consumed completely.	en	Kim, Jeong-Kyu, Tripotin, Pierre (2026): Descriptions and biological data on three new species of Trigonalyidae (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyoidea) from South Korea. European Journal of Taxonomy 1048: 177-201, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1048.3245, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3245/14365
3976C509FFF2FF82FDC3FEB6FE12521D.taxon	distribution	Distribution South Korea.	en	Kim, Jeong-Kyu, Tripotin, Pierre (2026): Descriptions and biological data on three new species of Trigonalyidae (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyoidea) from South Korea. European Journal of Taxonomy 1048: 177-201, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1048.3245, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3245/14365
3976C509FFF2FF82FDC3FEB6FE12521D.taxon	discussion	Remarks Two smaller female specimens (approximately 4.6 mm in body length) and three male specimens (approximately 3.6 mm) among the paratypes have an entirely shiny head with very sparse, tiny, or even evanescent punctures. The markings on the metasomal tergum II are also absent in these female specimens. Since no other features differ from those of the larger specimens, we consider them conspecific. The largest female specimen examined is more strongly punctate, with the frons almost punctate-reticulate.	en	Kim, Jeong-Kyu, Tripotin, Pierre (2026): Descriptions and biological data on three new species of Trigonalyidae (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyoidea) from South Korea. European Journal of Taxonomy 1048: 177-201, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1048.3245, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3245/14365
3976C509FFF5FF83FDFCFB89FC0053BA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Both sexes Body relatively slender, elongate, 3.5 – 14.1 mm long. Head rounded and broad in frontal view, but dorsal margin scarcely convex (appearing flat); sometimes vertex with a weak median longitudinal depression, thus dorsal margin slightly notched in frontal view. Antenna with 21 – 32 segments; flagellomeres filiform, often sub-posterior articles brightly colored (antennae banded). Supra-antennal elevation usually strongly produced, in dorsal view long semi-elliptic, as long as broad or longer than broad (except in Orthogonalys formosana Teranish, 1931 where it is low and triangular). Occipital carina invariably narrow laterally, slightly broadened medially, often with weak longitudinal inner keels. Mandibular condyli close to eyes, mandible sub-laterally attached to head in frontal view. Malar space almost as long as antennal pedicel. Maxillary palps with 6 segments very long and slender. Last segment of labial palp widened distally, long, asymmetrical triangle in shape. Anterior propodeal furrow very shallow and broad, sometimes slightly narrowed laterally, with inner longitudinal carinae. Propodeal foramen reversed U-shaped; foramen carina obtuse triangle (apex not pointed) to broad and low-semicircle. Fore trochanter subparallel-sided and distinctly longer than hind trochanter; hind trochantellus sub-posteriorly with vertical groove, posteriorly forming triangular compartment, seemingly two-segmented. Metasoma much less sclerotized than head and mesosoma. Metasomal tergum I almost entirely flat, without large anterior depression, at most with small depression surrounding articulation. Metasomal sterna simple, without armature; sternum II scarcely swollen. Wings hyaline, fore wing without dark spot. Females Metasoma more-or-less flattened ventrally, usually straight distally, at most posterior segments obliquely downward-directed. Metasomal sternum VI not forming awl. Males Antennae without tyloids. Paramere tongue-shaped; its length-to-width ratio variable. Aedeagus laterally flattened.	en	Kim, Jeong-Kyu, Tripotin, Pierre (2026): Descriptions and biological data on three new species of Trigonalyidae (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyoidea) from South Korea. European Journal of Taxonomy 1048: 177-201, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1048.3245, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3245/14365
3976C509FFF4FF98FDEDFA58FEDA5433.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 169 D 8 EE 0 - EDE 9 - 4 B 71 - A 75 C- 3815 C 05 A 1 D 1 E Figs 5 – 6	en	Kim, Jeong-Kyu, Tripotin, Pierre (2026): Descriptions and biological data on three new species of Trigonalyidae (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyoidea) from South Korea. European Journal of Taxonomy 1048: 177-201, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1048.3245, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3245/14365
3976C509FFF4FF98FDEDFA58FEDA5433.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Both sexes of this species are easily distinguished from all other Orthogonalys by the completely black coloration except for distinctive yellow marks on mandibles and reddish-brown marks on some parts of the legs (Figs 5 A – C, 6 A – C). A well-developed supra-antennal elevation and a densely punctate head (particulary on supra-antennal elevation, clypeus, frons, mandible) and mesosoma (mesoscutum, scutellum) are also diagnostic.	en	Kim, Jeong-Kyu, Tripotin, Pierre (2026): Descriptions and biological data on three new species of Trigonalyidae (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyoidea) from South Korea. European Journal of Taxonomy 1048: 177-201, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1048.3245, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3245/14365
3976C509FFF4FF98FDEDFA58FEDA5433.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific epithet is named after the Latin adjective ‘ inornata ’, meaning ‘ lacking decoration’ (‘ inornate’), the species being remarkable for the absence of the bright markings usually encountered in this genus.	en	Kim, Jeong-Kyu, Tripotin, Pierre (2026): Descriptions and biological data on three new species of Trigonalyidae (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyoidea) from South Korea. European Journal of Taxonomy 1048: 177-201, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1048.3245, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3245/14365
3976C509FFF4FF98FDEDFA58FEDA5433.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype SOUTH KOREA – Jeollanam-do • ♀; Piagol valley, Mt Jirisan, Jikjeok, Toji-myeon, Gurye-gun; 35 ˚ 16.39 ′ N, 127 ˚ 33.91 ′ E; 1 – 15 Jun. 2003; C. Young leg.; MT on shade clearing in forest; NIBR. Paratypes SOUTH KOREA – Gangwon-do • 1 ♂; Nodong valley, Nodong-li, Yongpyeong-myeon, Pyeongchang-gun; 37 ° 42.08 ′ N, 127 ° 28.89 ′ E; 900 m a. s. l.; 5 – 14 Jun. 2006; P. Tripotin leg.; MT on shade area in larch-planted forest with small bamboo undergrowth; DHU • 1 ♀, 4 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 14 – 23 Jun. 2006; P. Tripotin leg.; MT; PTC • 2 ♀♀, 5 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; DHU • 5 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 23 May – 3 Aug. 2006; P. Tierre leg.; MT; PTC • 1 ♀; near Dongdaesa, Mt Odaesan; 37 ° 44.31 ′ N, 128 ° 35.71 ′ E; 800 m a. s. l.; 15 May – 3 Jun. 2006; P. Tripotin leg.; 4 MTs in old Korean fir forest; DHU • 2 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 3 – 21 Jun. 2006; P. Tripotin leg.; MT; PTC • 2 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; DHU • 2 ♀♀, 4 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 21 Jun. – 2 Jul. 2006; P. Tripotin leg.; MT; DHU • 1 ♀, 4 ♂♂; Balsan-ri, Nam-myeon, Chuncheon-si; 37 ° 43.29 ′ N, 127 ° 37.73 ′ E; 300 m a. s. l.; 17 May – 6 Jun. 2006; P. Tripotin leg.; MT in shaded forest area with sparse low plants on soil; PTC • 1 ♀, 3 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; DHU • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 6 – 24 Jun. 2006; P. Tripotin leg.; MT; PTC. – Chungcheongnam-do • 1 ♂; near Pohyeonsa, Seokdong-ri, Nami-myeon, Geumsan-gun; 36 ° 03.494 ′ N, 127 ° 27.225 ′ E; 27 Apr. – 14 May 2005; P. Tripotin leg.; MT in forested area; PTC • 4 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 14 May – 1 Jun. 2005; P. Tripotin leg.; MT; PTC • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 1 – 8 Jun. 2005; P. Tripotin leg.; MT; PTC • 1 ♂; Boseoksa, Seongguk-ri, Nami-myeon, Geumsan-gun; 36 ° 03.073 ′ N, 127 ° 28.688 ′ E; 2 – 7 Jul. 2005; P. Tripotin leg.; MT across forest trail; PTC • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 5 – 9 Jun. 1998; P. Tripotin leg.; MT; PTC • 1 ♀, 2 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 21 – 25 May 1999; P. Tripotin leg.; MT; PTC • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 4 – 10 Jun. 1999; P. Tripotin leg.; MT; PTC • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 10 – 13 Jun. 1999; P. Tripotin leg.; MT; PTC • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 13 – 18 Jun. 1999; P. Tripotin leg.; MT; PTC • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 28 – 31 Jun. 1999; P. Tripotin leg.; MT; PTC. – Daejeon Metropolitan City • 1 ♂; Daedeok-gu; 36 ° 24.02 ′ N, 127 ° 25.98 ′ E; 6 – 28 May 2006; P. Tripotin leg.; MT along forest on wild Rosa L. patch; PTC • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 28 May – 19 Jun. 2006; P. Tripotin leg.; MT; PTC • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 24 Apr. – 20 May 2007; P. Tripotin leg.; 3 MTs on tombs and gardens on small forested hills; PTC • 2 ♀♀, 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 20 May – 19 Jun. 2007; P. Tripotin leg.; MT; PTC. – Jeollabuk-do • 1 ♀, 1 ♂; Geomok-ri, Jeoksang-myeon, Muju-gun; 35 ° 96.194 ′ N, 127 ° 69.717 ′ E; 515 m a. s. l., 15 – 26 May 2022; P. Tripotin leg.; MT near rivulet in deciduous forest; PTC • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 26 May – 12 Jun. 2022; P. Tripotin leg.; MT; PTC • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 12 Jun. – 2 Jul. 2022; P. Tripotin leg.; MT; PTC • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 35 ° 98.147 ′ N, 127 ° 68.937 ′ E; 250 m a. s. l.; 26 May – 12 Jun. 2022; P. Tripotin leg.; MT in deciduous forest on Rubus; PTC • 1 ♀; Mileuk-san, Iksan-si; 10 Jun. – 1 Jul. 2006; C. Young leg.; MT in forest; PTC. – Gyeongsangnam-do • 1 ♀, 2 ♂♂; Mt Jirisan, Samjeong-ri, Macheon-myeon, Hamyang-gun; 35 ˚ 20.55 ′ N, 127 ˚ 38.21 ′ E; 16 – 31 May 2003; P. Tripotin leg.; MT in shade forest edge along big clearing; PTC • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; DHU • 2 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 1 – 15 Jun. 2003; P. Tripotin leg.; MT; PTC • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 22 Jun. – 6 Jul. 2003; P. Tripotin leg.; MT; DHU • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 11 – 18 May 2003; P. Tripotin leg.; MT near small mountain stream; PTC • 3 ♂♂; Munsusa, Mt Jirisan, Seongjeon-ri, Hamyang-gun; 35 ° 24.739 ′ N, 127 ° 43.818 ′ E; 400 m a. s. l.; 5 May – 4 Jun. 2005; P. Tripotin leg.; MT near mountain stream in forested area; PTC • 2 ♀♀, 1 ♂; same data as for for preceding; 4 – 19 Jun. 2005; P. Tripotin leg.; MT; PTC.	en	Kim, Jeong-Kyu, Tripotin, Pierre (2026): Descriptions and biological data on three new species of Trigonalyidae (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyoidea) from South Korea. European Journal of Taxonomy 1048: 177-201, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1048.3245, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3245/14365
3976C509FFF4FF98FDEDFA58FEDA5433.taxon	description	Description Female [holotype characteristics in square brackets] MEASUREMENTS. Body length 7.8 – 10.3 [10.2] mm, fore wing length 6.3 – 8.2 [8.1] mm. HEAD (Fig. 5 C – D). In frontal view 1.4 × as broad as long, with dorsal margin weakly rounded. Dorsal length of posterior head 0.9 × as long as dorsal length of eye, genal width 1.1 × as long as eye width. Antenna with 23 – 24 [24] segments. Supra-antennal elevation in dorsal view strongly and more or less divergently produced, asymmetrical semi-elliptic, sclerotized throughout, without posterior lamella; distance between supra-antennal elevations 0.33 × as long as distance between eyes at level of supra-antennal elevation; area between supra-antennal elevations with median tiny but distinct triangular tubercle. Median length of malar space almost as long as anterior ocellus diameter. Occipital carina meets hypostomal carina near inner edge of mandible, slightly broadened dorsally with weak longitudinal inner keels. Frons except inner orbits and depressions lateral to toruli, supra-antennal elevations, supraclypeal area, clypeus, and mandible except for teeth densely punctate to punctate-reticulate. Ocellar region and vertex sparsely punctate, punctures spaced by 1 – 2 puncture diameter and much smaller than those on frons; outer orbit broadly smooth, remainder gena sparsely punctate. MESOSOMA (Fig. 5 F – G). Median lobe of mesonotum highly elevated, much higher than lateral lobes. Notauli broad and deep, with transverse inner keels over their entire length. Anterior propodeal furrow shallow, not distinctly furrowed; very broad throughout, slightly narrower than anterior ocellus diameter, with pair of submedial longitudinal carinae extending to propodeal dorsum and weak shorter inner longitudinal carinae laterally. Propodeal foramen carina obtuse triangular with apex arcuate, about 4.1 × as broad as long, distant from foramen (Fig. 5 G). Propleuron, pronotal side, almost entire posterior inclined face of mesopleuron, metapleuron, and areas lateral to scutellar and metanotal disks smooth and shiny, at most with sparse, tiny punctures. Median lobe of mesoscutum irregularly punctate-reticulate; lateral lobes densely punctate except smooth linear area surrounding parapsidal lines. Upper one-third of ventral mesopleuron longitudinally carinate, densely punctate in lower two-thirds. Dorsum of scutellar disk densely, longitudinally carinate; lateral vertical face irregularly reticulate; posterior declivity smooth and shiny. Metanotal disk with oblique fine striae medially and transverse striae posteriorly; metanotal trough with dense longitudinal carinae. Propodeal dorsum and side strongly areolate-rugulose. METASOMA (Fig. 5 H – I). Tergum I in dorsal view 0.83 – 0.87 [0.87] × as long as broad posteriorly; in lateral view slightly convex. Tergum I almost smooth anteriorly, minutely punctate posteriorly; terga II – VI and entire sterna weakly coriaceous with sparse, fine punctures. SETAE. Entire body covered with short, suberect to erect, brownish yellow setae. WINGS (Fig. 5 E). Entirely hyalin. Submarginal cell II not petiolate to very shortly petiolate proximally [not petiolate], anteriorly receiving 1 m-cu; longer and slenderer than submarginal cell III, 1.5 – 1.7 [1.6] × as long as and 0.46 × as high as submarginal cell III. COLOR. Almost entire body black (Fig. 5 A – B). Mandible except teeth yellow (Fig. 5 C). Trochantelli of all legs, fore femur posteriorly, fore and mid tibiae, fore and mid tarsomeres yellowish brown (Fig. 5 B). Male As in female, but differs in following details: body length 9.4 – 9.8 mm, fore wing length 7.4 – 8.1 mm. Antenna with 22 – 24 segments. Metasoma much slenderer (Fig. 6 A, D). Metasomal tergum I in dorsal view almost as long as broad posteriorly (Fig. 6 D). Submarginal cell II not petiolate proximally, 1.5 × as long as and 0.5 × as high as submarginal cell III; 1 m-cu joining at junction of submarginal cell I and submarginal cell II. Paramere tongue shaped, 1.5 × as long as broad (Fig. 6 E).	en	Kim, Jeong-Kyu, Tripotin, Pierre (2026): Descriptions and biological data on three new species of Trigonalyidae (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyoidea) from South Korea. European Journal of Taxonomy 1048: 177-201, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1048.3245, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3245/14365
3976C509FFF4FF98FDEDFA58FEDA5433.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology This species prefers more shady, humid and cool habitats than the other Korean Trigonalyidae. It is abundantly collected from mid-May to the beginning of July at medium elevations (around 800 m a. s. l.) in forests but is also present in smaller densities at lower elevations in suitable habitats. Surprisingly, despite efforts, one of the authors (PT) has never observed any specimen alive, all our 120 specimens having been collected in Malaise traps. The phenology shows a single generation per year (mostly from mid-May to the end of June): it is remarkable that no specimen has ever been found after mid-July in the numerous Malaise traps set in the same locations. Adults are constant in size, with only a few specimens smaller than the norm, and no minute specimens. This points toward a biology departing from the usual generalist biology of most Trigonalyidae, including other Orthogonalys species whose hosts are known, like O. pulchella from North America, recorded as a hyperparasitoid of Tachinidae Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 in caterpillars (Carmean & Kimsey 1998; Murphy et al. 2009).	en	Kim, Jeong-Kyu, Tripotin, Pierre (2026): Descriptions and biological data on three new species of Trigonalyidae (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyoidea) from South Korea. European Journal of Taxonomy 1048: 177-201, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1048.3245, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3245/14365
3976C509FFF4FF98FDEDFA58FEDA5433.taxon	distribution	Distribution South Korea.	en	Kim, Jeong-Kyu, Tripotin, Pierre (2026): Descriptions and biological data on three new species of Trigonalyidae (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyoidea) from South Korea. European Journal of Taxonomy 1048: 177-201, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1048.3245, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3245/14365
