identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
3F389398450850FC9F30DDCCD13C9F0A.text	3F389398450850FC9F30DDCCD13C9F0A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gyrinomimus alepis Su & Paxton & Ho 2026	<div><p>Gyrinomimus alepis sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1, 2, Tables 1, 2</p><p>New English name.</p><p>Scaleless flabby whalefish.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>• ZMH -ICH-0108930 (formerly ISH 1190-1971), 62.4 mm SL, south Atlantic, 37°8'S, 05°23'E, 0–1900 m, FRV Walther Herwig, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=5.383333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.133335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 5.383333/lat -37.133335)">station 412-II/71</a>, 21 Mar. 1971 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>A species belonging to G. bruuni species group and differs from all congeners in having: single ridge of skin over the anal fin with incipient anal lappets without scales; filaments on fourth gill arch well developed, its length 82.4 % filament on first arch; cavernous tissue present around anus and extending to base of third anal-fin ray; vertebrae 36 + 18 = 54; GRI 2 + 1 + 8; medial GRI 4; medial GRII 1; dorsal-fin rays 15; anal-fin rays 15; lateral-line pores 17; lateral-line scales 16; and copular tooth plate rather broad, greatest width 2.1 in length.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Meristic and morphometric characters are provided in Tables 1, 2. Dorsal-fin rays 15; pectoral-fin rays 17 / 17; anal-fin rays 15; principal caudal-fin rays 8 + 8. GRI 2 + 1 + 8; GRII 1 + 1 + 3; GRIII 0 + 1 + 1; medial GRI 4; medial GRII 1. Lateral-line pores 17; lateral-line scales 16. Anal lappets 9 / 10, without scales. Head pores (Fig. 2): MD 6; POP 4; IO 7 + 2 = 9; SO 8; M 3; ST 1. Vertebrae 36 + 18 = 54.</p><p>Body rather slender, greatest depth at pectoral-fin base over first lateral-line pore, depth 4.3 in SL, compressed. Head moderate, length 3.1 in SL, slightly depressed anteriorly, becoming broader posteriorly. Nostrils similar to head lateral-line pores, closer to tip of snout than eye; anterior nostril ~ 1 / 2 of posterior one; anterior nostril rounded, and posterior one horizontally oval; nasal organ mostly in anterior nostril. Eye tiny, diameter 18.4 in HL. Interorbital broadly convex, without distinct pits; anterolateral projection of frontal slightly posterior to eye. Caudal peduncle short and deep, length and depth 2.5 and 5.6 in HL, respectively. Cavernous tissue surrounding anus and extending to base of third anal-fin ray (Fig. 1 B). Anal lappets rudimentary, forming very small bumps along anal-fin base; no trace of scales on anal lappets (Fig. 1 B).</p><p>Mouth enormous and oblique; upper-jaw length 1.2 in HL; lower jaw with two posterior spines, with ventral spine blunt and lateral spine short, blunt, and covered under skin. Jaw teeth elongated, in distinct longitudinal rows; inner row of teeth largest; premaxillary and dentary symphyses edentate. Upper jaw with three rows of teeth anteriorly, its number slightly decreases posteriorly, with two rows posteriorly. Lower-jaw teeth similar to those of upper jaw, with four rows anteriorly and two rows posteriorly. Vomerine, palatine, and ectopterygoid teeth similar in shape to jaw teeth. Vomerine tooth patch dome shaped, with two rows of teeth. Palatine tooth patch begins at level of middle of vomer, with two rows of teeth; its end anterior to level of eye. Ectopterygoid tooth patch narrow, with about two teeth rows separated by small gap from palatine tooth patch; its origin posterior to palatine, extending posteriorly beyond rictus almost to level of end of premaxilla. Copular tooth patch stout, its anterior margin blunt, with nearly straight lateral margins, and very slightly widens posteriorly; its length and width 5.2 and 10.9 in HL, respectively; length / width ratio 2.1 (Fig. 2 C).</p><p>Three free gill arches with small slit behind ventral arm of third arch near angle, extending ~ 1 / 2 length of filaments-bearing part of ventral arm; dorsal arm of arch I 1 / 2 free; dorsal arm of arch II 1 / 3 free. Gill filaments of all arches long and well developed; length of filaments on arch IV 82.4 % length of filaments on arch I. Gill rakers forming plates on lateral face of outer three arches and medial face of outer two arches. Anterior margin of anteriormost hypobranchial tooth plate of first arch slightly posterior to anterior margin of copular tooth plate. Two dorsal pharyngeal tooth plates, both domed and rounded; no ventral pharyngeal tooth plate.</p><p>Lateral-line pores large, anterior pores almost as wide as canal, becoming smaller posteriorly, to ~ 1 / 3 of canal length. Lateral line without any flaps or keels. One to two papillae on both anterior and posterior margins of pores anterior to anal fin. Vertical row of papillae on base of caudal fin; numbers at least 16 on right side due to partial damage. Dorsal accessory line of neuromasts beginning slightly before level of upper limit of gill opening, as two parallel rows of 18 papillae, extending before mid-dorsal keel.</p><p>Lateral-line system of head well developed. Head with numerous scattered papillate superficial neuromasts, ~ 9 (partially damaged) on tip of snout between midline and first supraorbital pore; no papillae above anterior nostril; two papillae dorsal to first infraorbital pore; no papillae dorsal to second and third infraorbital pores; two papillae dorsal to second main pore; no papillae medial to supratemporal pore; 12 papillae anterior to preopercular pores; seven papillae scattered above mandibular pores.</p><p>Dorsal and anal fins far back on body, with dorsal-fin origin slightly anterior to that of anal fin; their tips pointed posteriorly. Dorsal fin with 8 th – 13 th rays branched, others unbranched. Anal fin with 6 th – 11 th rays branched, others unbranched. Pectoral fin low, broad-based, directed posterodorsally, and small, length 4.5 in HL; middle rays longest; all rays simple. No trace of subpectoral organ (sensu Paxton 1989).</p><p>Coloration.</p><p>When preserved (Fig. 1 A), body brown with dorsal and anal fins slightly paler. Gill arches, rakers and filaments, inner face of operculum pale. Teeth transparent. Peritoneum black. Esophagus and mouth roof with dark marbled patterns.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Currently only known from the holotype collected at southern Atlantic Ocean.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name is a combination of a, without, and lepis, scales. In reference to the absence of scales on the anal lappets. A noun in apposition.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3F389398450850FC9F30DDCCD13C9F0A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Su, Yo;Paxton, John R.;Ho, Hsuan-Ching	Su, Yo, Paxton, John R., Ho, Hsuan-Ching (2026): Four new species of the whalefish genus Gyrinomimus Parr, 1934, with the establishment of three new species groups (Beryciformes, Cetomimidae). ZooKeys 1279: 57-95, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1279.171946
40189A5F977E5C8E8DAAFBDCEB6A4FC6.text	40189A5F977E5C8E8DAAFBDCEB6A4FC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gyrinomimus amaokai Su & Paxton & Ho 2026	<div><p>Gyrinomimus amaokai sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, Tables 1, 3</p><p>Gyrinomimus sp. B: Paxton 1989: 146 fig. 5 C.</p><p>Gyrinomimus sp.: Amaoka 1997: 154. Aizawa in Nakabo 2002: 483 (in key). Aizawa and Doiuchi in Nakabo 2013: 576 (in key). Misawa et al. 2024: 269 (comparative material).</p><p>Cetomimus compunchus (sic, non Cetomimus compunctus Abe, Marumo &amp; Kawaguchi, 1965): Amaoka et al. 1995: 124, fig. 195.</p><p>New English name.</p><p>Amaoka’s flabby whalefish.</p><p>Standard Japanese name.</p><p>Oaka-kujirauo (オオアカクジラウオ).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. • HUMZ 121996, 386 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.125&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.333332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.125/lat 44.333332)">off Shiretoko Peninsula</a>, Hokkaido, Japan, 44°20'N, 145°7'30"E, 350–460 m, gill net, 1980–1992 . Paratypes. Nine specimens, 89.0– 475 mm SL. • AMS I.29598-001 (formerly TH 861230), 188.4 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.62" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.85/lat 12.62)">western Central Pacific</a>, 12°37'12"N, 151°51'00"E, 0–2442 m, KMT net, 17 Feb. 1986 . • HAF 95-01, 453 mm SL, off western coast of Iceland, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-28.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=65.46667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -28.0/lat 65.46667)">northeastern Atlantic</a>, 65°28'N, 28°00'W, 1000–1100 m, Apr. – May 1995 . • HAF 2004-042, 475 mm SL, off western coast of Iceland, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-29.033333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=65.416664" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -29.033333/lat 65.416664)">northeastern Atlantic</a>, 65°25'N, 29°02'W, 1300–1370 m, 10 May 2004 . • HAF 2008-025, 458 mm SL, off western coast of Iceland, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-28.926666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=65.441666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -28.926666/lat 65.441666)">northeastern Atlantic</a>, 65°26'30"N, 28°55'36"W, 1370 m, 16 May 2008 . • NSMT-P 49412 (formerly TH 840880), 222.9 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.65999&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.636667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.65999/lat 31.636667)">northwestern Pacific</a>, 31°38'12"N, 157°39'36"E, 0–2320 m, R/V Kaiyo-maru, operation number KMT- 10, station E, KMT net, 1400–1600 hrs, 1 Jun. 1984 . • SIO 60-284, 150.8 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-131.69167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.193329" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -131.69167/lat 29.193329)">northeastern Pacific</a>, 29°01'11.99"N, 132°09'00"W – 29°11'35.99"N, 131°41'30"W, 0–3000 m, R/V Spencer F Baird, cruise Tethys II, station TET- 31, 10 - ft MWT, 13 Aug. 1963, coll. SIO party . • SIO 87-10, 2 specimens, 89.0– 221.4 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-124.11667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.833332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -124.11667/lat 32.833332)">northeastern Pacific</a>, 32°50'N, 124°07'W, 0–2700 m, R/V Melville, cruise Atom I, station KLS 176 F- 3 &amp; 5, MOCNESS net, 8 Jun. 1986, coll. K. L. Smith et al . • ZMH -ICH-0025053 (formerly ISH 1115-1979), 365 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.833336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.133333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.833336/lat 25.133333)">northwestern Atlantic</a>, 25°08'N, 67°50'W, 0–1800 m, R/V Anton Dohrn, station 234 IV / 79, 1600 MT net, 12 Apr. 1979 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>A species belonging to G. bruuni species group and differs from all congeners in having: 2–5 (very rarely 1) spines on dorsal and ventral arms of the lateral-line scales which, at least in preserved specimens, penetrate the skin of the lateral-line canal; cavernous tissue present around anus and extending to base of anterior 2 nd – 14 th anal-fin rays; filaments on fourth gill arch well developed, its length 43.2–64.6 % filament on first arch; anal lappets 8–14, with last over anal-fin rays 12–16, and with scales; vertebrae 32–34 + 17–20 = 51–53; GRIII 1 + 1 + 1; dorsal-fin rays 17–21; anal-fin rays 17–20; lateral-line pores 18–22; lateral-line scales 17–21; IO 7 + 2 (very rarely 8 + 2) and copular tooth plate elongated, greatest width 3.3–4.1 in length.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Meristic and morphometric characters are provided in Tables 1, 3. Data of holotype are provided first, followed by that of paratypes in parentheses whenever available. Dorsal-fin rays 19 (17–21; n = 9); pectoral-fin rays 16 / 16 (17–22 / 17 – 21); anal-fin rays 19 (17–20; n = 9); principal caudal-fin rays 8 + 8 (7–8 + 7–8). GRI 1 + 1 + 2 (1–3 + 1 + 2–4); GRII 1 + 1 + 2 (1 + 1 + 2–4); GRIII 1 + 1 + 1 (1 + 1 + 1); gill rakers on medial face of first arch 0 (0). Lateral-line pores 21 / 20 (19–22 / 18 – 20); lateral-line scales 20 / 19 (18–22 / 17 – 19). Anal lappets 8 / 8 (8–14 / 11 – 14), with scales. Head pores (Fig. 5): MD 9 (8–9); POP 5; IO 7 + 2 = 9 (8 + 2 = 10 in left side of ZMH -ICH-0025053); SO 7 (7–8); M 3 (3–4); ST 1. Vertebrae 34 + 19 = 53 (32–34 + 17–20 = 51–53; n = 6).</p><p>Body rather slender and compressed, with abdomen slightly swollen; depth at pectoral-fin base 3.3 (3.9–4.9) in SL. Head moderate and slightly compressed, length 3.6 (3.1–4.4) in SL. Dorsum and abdomen with distinct central ridge. Nostrils similar to head lateral-line pores, closer to tip of snout than eye; anterior nostril slightly smaller than posterior one; both nostrils oval; nasal organ mostly in anterior nostril. Eye tiny, length 36.2 (24.6–49.3) in HL. Interorbital broadly concave, with distinct concavity just on top of head at level of eye in holotype, and no distinct concavity in paratypes; anterolateral projection of frontal slightly posterior to eye. Caudal peduncle short and deep, length and depth 2.1 (1.8–2.7) and 4.3 (4.3–5.8) in HL, respectively. Cavernous tissue surrounding anus, and extending to base of anal-fin ray 14 (2–7; Fig. 6 A); present on dorsal-fin origin of holotype and one of SIO 87-10, 221.4 mm SL; present on mouth roof, esophagus, and body wall behind fourth gill arch. Anal lappets well developed (Fig. 6 A), along anal-fin base to base of anal-fin ray 16 (12–16); scales present on anal lappets.</p><p>Mouth enormous and oblique; upper-jaw length 1.1 (1.0–1.2) in HL; lower jaw with two posterior spines, with ventral spine blunt and lateral spine short, blunt, and covered under skin. Jaw teeth elongated, in distinct longitudinal rows; inner row of teeth largest; premaxillary and dentary symphyses edentate. Upper jaw with 8 (3–6) rows of teeth anteriorly, its number slightly decreases posteriorly, with 6 (2–5) rows posteriorly. Lower-jaw teeth similar to those of upper jaw, with 9 (4–8) rows anteriorly and 6 (2–5) rows posteriorly. Vomerine, palatine, and ectopterygoid teeth similar in shape to jaw teeth. Vomerine tooth patch domed or slightly rounded, with 7 (4–7) rows of teeth. Palatine tooth patch beginning at level of middle of vomer, with 11 (2–7) rows of teeth; its posterior end anterior to level of eye. Ectopterygoid tooth patch narrow, with ~ 18 (4–16) teeth rows and nearly attached to palatine tooth patch (ectopterygoid and palatine tooth patches fused in ZMH -ICH-0025053); its origin anterior to posterior end of palatine, extending posteriorly beyond rictus and ending anterior to end of premaxilla. Copular tooth patch (Fig. 5) elongated, its anterior margin slightly pointed, slightly concave at middle, and slightly widens posteriorly; its length and width 3.8 (2.5–3.3) and 15.3 (10.0–13.1) in HL, respectively; length / width ratio 4.0 (3.3–4.1).</p><p>Free gill arches 3, with small slit behind ventral arm of third arch near angle, extending ~ 1 / 2 (1 / 2–2 / 3) length of filaments-bearing part of ventral arm; dorsal arm of arch I 2 / 3 (2 / 3–4 / 5) free; dorsal arm of arch II 1 / 2 (1 / 2–2 / 3) free. Gill filaments of all arches moderately long and well developed; length of filaments on arch IV 46.1 (43.2–64.6) % length of filaments on arch I. Gill rakers forming plates on lateral face of outer three arches; none on medial face of all arches. Anterior margin of anteriormost hypobranchial tooth plate of first arch posterior to anterior margin of copular tooth plate. Two dorsal pharyngeal tooth plates, both domed or oval; ventral pharyngeal tooth plate absent.</p><p>Lateral-line pores large, anterior pores almost as wide as canal, becoming smaller posteriorly, to ~ 1 / 4 or 1 / 5 of canal length above anal fin, and slightly widens posteriorly. Lateral line without flaps anterior to pores on posterior portion; keels absent to moderately developed. Two or three papillae on anterior and 1 or 2 on posterior margins of pores. Vertical row of ~ 4 (5–8) papillae on base of caudal fin. Dorsal accessory line of neuromasts beginning slightly before level of upper limit of gill opening, with 20 (23–35) papillae scattered on dorsum and onto mid-dorsal keel. Lateral-line scales with 1–5 (modally 3–4; very rarely 1) spines on dorsal and ventral arms and penetrate skin of lateral-line canal (Fig. 6 B).</p><p>Lateral-line system of head well developed. Head with numerous scattered papillate superficial neuromasts, 5–25 (damaged in holotype) papillae on tip of snout between midline and first supraorbital pore; no papillae above anterior nostril; 0 (0–6) papillae posteroventral to anterior nostril; 2 (2–3) papillae dorsal to first infraorbital pore; 2 (0–2) papillae dorsal to second and third infraorbital pores; 8 (0–16) papillae dorsal to first main-canal pore; 2 (1–2) papillae medial to supratemporal pore; 3 (6–12) papillae anterior to preopercular pores; 4 (4–6) papillae on opercle; ~ 10–30 (damaged in holotype) papillae scattered above mandibular pores, becoming denser posteriorly.</p><p>Dorsal and anal fins far back on body, with dorsal-fin origin at same (or slightly anterior or posterior to) vertical through that of anal fin; their tips pointed posteriorly. Dorsal fin with ~ 10 th – 16 th (~ 7 th – 18 th; n = 2) rays branched, others unbranched. Anal fin with ~ 8 th – 16 th (8 th – 19 th; n = 4) rays branched, others unbranched. Dorsal- and anal-fin rays branched at tip, and becoming proximally as growth. Pectoral fin low, broad-based, directed posterodorsally, and small, length 3.7 (3.4–4.3) in HL; middle rays longest; all rays simple. Subpectoral organ only discernable in faded specimens.</p><p>Coloration.</p><p>When fresh (Fig. 3), head, body, and all fins uniformly bright red. When preserved (Fig. 4), body brown to pale. Gill arches, rakers and filaments, and inner face of operculum pale. Teeth transparent. Peritoneum and stomach black. Esophagus and mouth roof with dark marble patterns. Abdomen with dark reticulated pattern.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>We are pleased to name this species after Dr. Kunio Amaoka, Professor Emeritus of Hokkaido University, for his great contributions to our knowledge of deep-sea fishes, documenting the fresh condition of holotype, and his long-term friendship with the authors.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Currently known from specimens collected from the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans in the Northern Hemisphere between 11°N and 66°N.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The subpectoral organ is a dark structure situated anteroventrally to the pectoral-fin base (Paxton 1989). It is visible from the faded specimens (holotype, NSMT-P 49412, and ZMH -ICH-0025053; Figs 3, 4 A, B) as a dark-brown spot below and anterior to pectoral-fin base. However, we are unable to confirm this structure in other specimens of which the dark pigments mostly remain on body.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/40189A5F977E5C8E8DAAFBDCEB6A4FC6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Su, Yo;Paxton, John R.;Ho, Hsuan-Ching	Su, Yo, Paxton, John R., Ho, Hsuan-Ching (2026): Four new species of the whalefish genus Gyrinomimus Parr, 1934, with the establishment of three new species groups (Beryciformes, Cetomimidae). ZooKeys 1279: 57-95, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1279.171946
3C484A338D1958439CD1103DF7861BF9.text	3C484A338D1958439CD1103DF7861BF9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gyrinomimus johnpaxtoni Su & Paxton & Ho 2026	<div><p>Gyrinomimus johnpaxtoni Su &amp; Ho sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 8, 9, 10, 11, Tables 1, 3</p><p>Gyrinomimus sp. C: Paxton 1989: 144, 176, figs 4 e, 26.</p><p>Gyrinomimus bruuni (non Rofen): Misawa et al. 2024: 274, figs 4, 5 (description, Japan).</p><p>New English name.</p><p>Paxton’s flabby whalefish.</p><p>New Chinese name.</p><p>帕氏小圓鯨鯛.</p><p>Standard Japanese name.</p><p>Hitaguro-kujirauo (ヒタグロクジラウオ).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. • LACM 36034-7, 194.2 mm SL, off Indonesia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.195&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.958333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.195/lat -4.958333)">Banda Sea</a>, western Pacific, 4°57'30"S, 130°11'42"E, R/V Alpha helix, 28 Apr. 1975 . Paratypes. Fifteen specimens, 65.0– 376 mm SL. • AMS I.29642-001 (formerly TH 861050), 176.7 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=154.78334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.816668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 154.78334/lat 31.816668)">northwestern Pacific</a>, 31°49'N, 154°47'E, 0–2559 m, R/V Kaiyo-maru, 0630–1101 hrs, 1 Jun. 1984 . • ASIZP 60128, 158.8 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.92389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.893612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.92389/lat 24.893612)">off Daxi fishing port</a> (ca 24°53'37"N, 121°55'26"E), Yilan, northeastern Taiwan, northwestern Pacific, 27 Jan. 1999, coll. P. - L. Lin. • HUMZ 234625, 65.1 mm SL, off Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan, 36°31'11"N, 141°21'29.2"E – 36°31'27.5"N, 141°21'55.0"E, 886–892 m, R/V Wakataka-maru, station H 900, otter trawl, 27 October 2023, coll. K. Fujiwara, S. Tokioka, and M. Furusho; Genbank accession number: LC 799418 . • LACM 6903-21, 263.8 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-117.72222&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.266666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -117.72222/lat 32.266666)">off San Clemente Island</a>, California, USA, northeastern Pacific, 32°16'00"N, 117°43'20"W, R/V Velero, 21 Feb. 1966 . • LACM 30037-11, 2 specimens, 66.0–97.0 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-106.96667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.658333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -106.96667/lat 21.658333)">26.7 miles from San Juanito Island</a>, Mexico, Gulf of California, eastern Pacific, 21°39'30"N, 106°58'00"W, R/V Velero IV, 11 Nov. 1967 . • LACM 31104-2, 65.0 mm SL, off Mexico, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-100.23333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.283333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -100.23333/lat 16.283333)">Middle American Trench</a>, northeastern Pacific, 16°17'00"N, 100°14'00"W, R/V Velero IV, 13 Jan. 1970 . • LACM 31109-1, 94.5 mm SL, off Mexico, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-103.34167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.783333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -103.34167/lat 17.783333)">Middle American Trench</a>, northeastern Pacific, 17°47'00"N, 103°20'30"W, R/V Velero IV, 15 Jan. 1970 . • NSMT-P 49414 (formerly TH 861662), 376 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.86667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.583333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.86667/lat 12.583333)">western Pacific</a>, 12°35'N, 151°52'E, 0–1903 m, R/V Kaiyo-maru, operation number KMT- 13, station M., KMT net, 0620–0930 hrs, 16 Feb. 1986 . • SIO 59-201, 166.6 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.6/lat 26.25)">Carmen Basin</a>, Mexico, Gulf of California, northeastern Pacific, 26°15'N, 110°36'W, 0–930 fathoms (= 1700 m), R/V Horizon, cruise Vermilion Sea, station VS 120-18 trawl # 3, 10 - ft IKMT net, 21 Mar. 1959, coll. R. L. Wisner &amp; SIO party . • SIO 70-302, 116.9 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-161.44667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.25333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -161.44667/lat 52.25333)">Kamchatka Trench</a>, Bering Sea, northeastern Pacific, 52°25'53.99"N, 161°37'12"W – 52°15'11.99"N, 161°26'48"W, 0–2500 m, R/V Melville, cruise Antipode III, 10 - ft IKMT net, 3 Aug. 1970, coll. D. C. Dockins &amp; SIO party . • ZIN 47867, 169.0 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.03334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.616667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.03334/lat 15.616667)">western Pacific</a>, 15°37'N, 152°02'E, no other data . • ZMH -ICH-0110459 (formerly ISH 1573-1971), 209.7 mm SL, off west Namibia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=2.9333334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.233334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 2.9333334/lat -27.233334)">southern Atlantic</a>, 27°14'S, 2°56'E, 1900–2000 m, 1 Apr. 1971 . • ZMH -ICH-0111307 (formerly ISH 87-1973), 276.2 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.133335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.133335/lat 45.3)">north Atlantic</a>, 45°18'N, 48°08'W, 1720–1725 m, FRV Walther Herwig II, station 272/73, 13 May 1973, coll. Bohl. • ZMH -ICH-0118202 (formerly ISH 1495-1979), 49.8 mm SL, 28°41'N, 60°54'W, ca 2000 m, R/V Anton Dohrn 2, station 2376/79, 1600 MT net, 20 Apr. 1979 .</p><p>Non-types.</p><p>Five specimens, 64.8–339 mm SL. • LACM 30530-30, 253.8 mm SL, off <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-117.81861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.329166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -117.81861/lat 32.329166)">San Clemente Island</a>, California, USA, northeastern Pacific, 32°19'45.0"N, 117°49'07.0"W, R/V Velero IV, 27 Jan. 1986 . • NSMT-P 71816 (formerly TH 831159), 58.7 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=149.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.283333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 149.85/lat 23.283333)">north Pacific</a>, 23°17'N, 149°51'E, no other data . • MNHN 1992-0325, 64.8 mm SL, off New Caledonia, 22°12’S, 165°48’E, 640 m, 29 Apr. 1971 . • SIO 20-23, 339 mm SL, USA, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.30417&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.740833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.30417/lat 31.740833)">northeastern Pacific</a>, 31°41'04"N, 121°15'00"W – 31°44'27"N, 121°18'15"W, 2000–2499 m, R/V Sally Ride, cruise SR 2007 SiphWeb, station 4, 10 m MOCNESS net, 26–27 Aug. 2020, coll. A. Choy et al . • SIO 51-375, 69.8 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-152.06&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.608334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -152.06/lat 31.608334)">north Pacific</a>, 31°54'17.99"N, 152°21'36"W – 31°36'30"N, 152°03'36"W, 0–1700 fathoms (= 3109 m), R/V Horizon, cruise Northern Holiday, station NH- 25, 10 - ft MWT net, 15 Sep. 1951, coll. R. L. Wisner and SIO . • SIO 61-47, 75.9 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-155.56667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -155.56667/lat -25.666666)">south Pacific</a>, 25°52'S, 155°44'W – 25°40'S, 155°34'W, 0–2550 m, R/V Argo, cruise Monsoon Exp, station VII- 24 trawl 19, 10 - ft IKMT net, 15 Sep. 1951, coll. C. Russell &amp; J. Coatsworth .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>A species belonging to G. bruuni species group and differs from all congeners in having: no distinct spines on the dorsal and ventral arms of the lateral-line scales that protrude from skin; cavernous tissue present around anus and extending to base of anal-fin rays 6–21; filaments on fourth gill arch well developed, its length 50.0–92.1 % filament on first arch; anal lappets 4–9 with the last over base of anal-fin ray 8–15 and with scales; vertebrae 35–38 + 18–20 = 54–58; GRIII 0 + 1 + 1; dorsal-fin rays 19–21; anal-fin rays 18–21; lateral-line pores 19–25; lateral-line scales 18–24; and copular tooth plate moderately long and broad, greatest width 2.5–3.1 in length.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Meristic and morphometric characters are provided in Tables 1, 3. Data of holotype are provided first, followed by that of paratypes in parentheses whenever available. Dorsal-fin rays 19 (19–21); pectoral-fin rays 16 / 16 (16–21 / 15 – 19); anal-fin rays 19 (18–21); principal caudal-fin rays 8 + 8 (7–8 + 7–8). GRI 1 + 1 + 2 (1 + 1 + 2–3); GRII 1 + 1 + 2 (0–1 + 1 + 2–4); GRIII 0 + 1 + 1 (0 + 1 + 1); medial GRI 0 (0). Lateral-line pores 23 / 22 (19–25 / 19 – 22); lateral-line scales 20 / 19 (18–24 / 18 – 21). Anal lappets 7 / 7 (4–9 / 4 – 8), with scales. Head pores (Fig. 8): MD 9 (8–11); POP 5 (3–5); IO 8 + 2 = 10; SO 8 (7–8); M 4 (3–4); ST 1. Vertebrae 38 + 18 = 56 (35–38 + 18–20 = 54–58; n = 14).</p><p>Body rather slender and compressed, depth at pectoral-fin base 3.7 (3.6–6.2) in SL. Head moderate and slightly compressed, length 3.4 (2.8–3.8) in SL. Dorsum and abdomen with distinct central ridge. Nostrils similar to head lateral-line pores, closer to tip of snout than eye; anterior nostril slightly smaller than posterior one; both nostrils oval; nasal organ mostly in anterior nostril. Eye tiny, diameter 27.2 (12.5–37.9) in HL. Interorbital broadly concave, without distinct pits (convex in smaller specimens); anterolateral projection of frontal above or posterior to eye. Caudal peduncle rather short and deep, length and depth 3.4 (2.8–4.7) and 4.2 (4.1–6.5) in HL, respectively. Cavernous tissue (Fig. 10) surrounding anus and extending to base of last ana-fin ray (base of 6 th to last anal-fin ray), and sometimes onto anal lappets; present on mouth roof, esophagus, and body wall behind fourth gill arch. Anal lappets well developed (Fig. 10), along anal-fin base, last above base of anal-fin ray 16 (7–15); scales present on anal lappets.</p><p>Mouth enormous and oblique; upper-jaw length 1.1 (1.1–1.2) in HL; lower jaw with two posterior spines, with ventral spine blunt and lateral spine rather stout, double tipped, and covered under skin. Jaw teeth elongated, in distinct longitudinal rows; inner row of teeth largest; premaxillary and dentary symphyses edentate. Upper jaw with 7 (3–7) rows of teeth anteriorly, its number slightly decreases posteriorly or number unchanged, with 5 (2–6) rows posteriorly. Lower-jaw teeth similar to those of upper jaw, with 10 (3–9) rows anteriorly and 7 (2–7) rows posteriorly. Vomerine, palatine, and ectopterygoid teeth similar in shape to jaw teeth. Vomerine tooth patch domed, with 8 (2–10) rows of teeth. Palatine tooth patch beginning at level of middle of vomer, with 7 (2–11) rows of teeth; its anterior end anterior to level of eye. Ectopterygoid tooth patch broad, with ~ 13 (2–18) teeth rows and nearly attached to palatine tooth patch; its origin anterior to posterior end of palatine, extending posteriorly beyond rictus and before end of premaxilla. Copular tooth patch (Fig. 9 C) teardrop shaped, rather oval in smaller specimens; its anterior margin rounded or slightly pointed, with slightly concave at middle and slightly widens posteriorly; its length and width 4.0 (3.2–5.2) and 10.0 (8.6–14.6) in HL, respectively; length / width ratio 2.5 (2.5–3.1).</p><p>Free gill arches 3, with rather long slit behind ventral arm of third arch near angle, extending approx. entire length (~ 60 % to entire) of filaments-bearing part of ventral arm; dorsal arm of arch I 1 / 3 (1 / 3–1 / 2) free; dorsal arm of arch II 1 / 3 (1 / 3–1 / 2) free. Gill filaments of all arches moderately long and well developed; length of filaments on arch IV 62.4 (50.0–92.1) % length of filaments on arch I. Gill rakers forming plates on lateral face of outer three arches; none on medial face of all arches. Anterior margin of anteriormost hypobranchial tooth plate of first arch posterior to anterior margin of copular tooth plate. Two dorsal pharyngeal tooth plates, both domed and slightly oval; no ventral pharyngeal tooth plate.</p><p>Lateral-line pores large, anterior pores almost as wide as canal, becoming smaller posteriorly, to ~ 1 / 4 or 1 / 5 of canal length. Lateral line with small flap anterior to pores on posterior portion (two specimens without flaps); keels present between pores on posterior portion of body (four specimens without keels). Zero to two papillae on both anterior and posterior margins of pores. Vertical row of ~ 3–6 (damaged in holotype) papillae on base of caudal fin. Dorsal accessory line of neuromasts beginning slightly before level of upper limit of gill opening, with 16 (17–38) papillae scattered on dorsum and onto mid-dorsal keel. Lateral-line scales with none or one spine on dorsal and ventral arms of the lateral-line scales and not penetrate skin of lateral-line canal.</p><p>Lateral-line system of head well developed. Head with numerous scattered papillate superficial neuromasts, 16 (11–22) papillae on tip of snout between midline and first supraorbital pore; 0 (0–1) papillae above anterior nostril; 4 (3–6) papillae posteroventral to anterior nostril; 4 (1–7) papillae dorsal to first infraorbital pore; 1 (0–1) papillae dorsal to second and third infraorbital pores; 17 (13 – 26) papillae dorsal to first main-canal pore; 1 (0–1) papillae medial to supratemporal pore; 9 (4–9) papillae anterior to preopercular pores; 1–5 (damaged in holotype) papillae on opercle; ~ 9–18 (damaged in holotype) papillae scattered above mandibular pores, becoming denser posteriorly.</p><p>Dorsal and anal fins far back on body, with dorsal-fin origin slightly anterior to that of anal fin; their tips pointed posteriorly. Dorsal fin with ~ 9 th – 17 th (n = 3; fin rays damaged in most specimens) rays branched, others unbranched. Anal fin with middle ~ 8 th – 18 th (n = 3; fin rays damaged in most specimens) rays branched, others unbranched. Dorsal- and anal-fin rays branched at tip, and becoming proximally as growth. Pectoral fin low, broad-based, directed posterodorsally, and rather short, length 4.7 (3.4–5.7) in HL; middle rays longest; all rays simple. Subpectoral organ only discernable in SIO 70-302, LACM 31104-2, and 1 of LACM 30037-11, 97.0 mm SL.</p><p>Coloration.</p><p>When fresh (Misawa et al. 2024, fig. 4), body and all fins uniformly black, with exposed fin rays and teeth transparent. When preserved (Fig. 7), body brown to pale. Gill arches, rakers and filaments, and inner face of operculum pale. Teeth transparent. Peritoneum and stomach black. Esophagus and mouth roof with dark marble patterns. Abdomen with dark reticulated pattern.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Currently known from specimens collected in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans between 26°S and 53°N.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>We are pleased to name this species after the late Dr. John R. Paxton, Australian Museum, for his great contributions to our knowledge of cetomimids, and establishing the foundation of this study.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3C484A338D1958439CD1103DF7861BF9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Su, Yo;Paxton, John R.;Ho, Hsuan-Ching	Su, Yo, Paxton, John R., Ho, Hsuan-Ching (2026): Four new species of the whalefish genus Gyrinomimus Parr, 1934, with the establishment of three new species groups (Beryciformes, Cetomimidae). ZooKeys 1279: 57-95, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1279.171946
56537627414C5505BEAE538BBCC76ACC.text	56537627414C5505BEAE538BBCC76ACC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gyrinomimus johnsoni Su & Paxton & Ho 2026	<div><p>Gyrinomimus johnsoni sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 12, 13, 14, 15, Tables 4, 5</p><p>Gyrinomimus sp. H.: Paxton 1989: 190 (mentioned).</p><p>New English name.</p><p>Johnson’s flabby whalefish.</p><p>New Standard Japanese name.</p><p>Hoppo-kujirauo (ほっぽうクジラウオ).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. • USNM 283095, 194.0 mm SL, off California, U. S. A., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-128.008&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.771694" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -128.008/lat 39.771694)">northeastern Pacific</a>, 39°46'18.1"N, 128°00'28.8"W, 0–2315 m, Golden Fleece, 11 Dec. 1981, coll. D. L. Stein. Paratypes. Seven specimens, 95.0– 315 mm SL. • AMS I.26871-001 (formerly OSUO 1520), 124.5 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-163.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.87" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -163.05/lat 52.87)">northeastern Pacific</a>, 52°52'12"N, 163°03'00"W, 0–2350 m, 10 ft MPS 2, 0707–1330 hrs, 6 Aug. 1966, coll. D. L. Stein. • BCPM 79-11242, 132.9 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.0/lat 50.0)">northwestern Pacific</a>, 50°N, 145°E, no other data . • NSMT-P 49413 (formerly TH 841463), 315 mm SL, 32°13'N, 158°11'E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=158.18333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.216667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 158.18333/lat 32.216667)">northwestern Pacific</a>, 0–775 m, R/V Kaiyo-maru, operation number KMT- 3, station E., KMT net, 0932–1121 hrs, 29 May 1984 . • NSMT-P 71817 (formerly TH 840886), 109.1 mm SL, 31°41'00"N, 157°39'00"E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.683332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.65/lat 31.683332)">northwestern Pacific</a>, 0–2320 m, R/V Kaiyo-maru, operation number KMT- 10, station E., KMT net, 1227–1701 hrs, 1 Jun. 1984 . • SIO 70-306, 95.0 mm SL, off Japan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=136.33&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.839998" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 136.33/lat 31.839998)">northwestern Pacific</a>, 32°09'33"N, 136°05'4.5"E – 31°50'23.99"N, 136°19'48"E, 0–1400 m, R/V Melville, cruise Antipode IV, station 51 A-Tr # 1, 10 - ft IKMT net, 28–29 Aug. 1970, coll. R. H. Rosenblatt &amp; SIO party . • USNM 296934, 290.0 mm SL, off Humboldt County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-124.542&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.691696" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -124.542/lat 40.691696)">just north of Eel River Canyon</a>, California, U. S. A., northeastern Pacific, 40°41'30.1"N, 124°32'31.2"W, 366 m, Stephanie, 30 May 1988, coll. P. Enberg. • ZMH -ICH-0028917 (formerly ISH 53-1986 and OSUO 2374), 97.7 mm SL, off Oregon, U. S. A., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-125.91167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.875" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -125.91167/lat 44.875)">northeastern Pacific</a>, 44°52'30"N, 125°54'42"W, 1937–2320 m, YAQUINA, cruise y 7505 D, station NH- 65, Haul 2329, 8 ’ MT net, 25 May 1975 .</p><p>Non-type.</p><p>AMS I.29640-001 (formerly TH 840845), 147.2 mm SL, 12°34'12"N, 151°51'00"E, western Pacific, 0–1410 m, R/V Kaiyo-maru, 0710–1045 hrs, 14 Feb. 1986.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>A species belonging to G. grahami species group and differs from all congeners in having: medial tooth patch on first gill arch 2–4; POP 0–2; IO 7 + 0 = 7; inner ~ 3–5 rows of teeth in the anterior jaws in diagonal rows (in specimens &lt;~ 150 mm SL); anterior margin of anteriormost GRI reaching near anterior margin of the copular tooth plate, often before anterior margin of copular tooth plate; cavernous tissue only surrounding anus; anal lappets absent; filaments on fourth gill arch tiny or nearly absent, length &lt;17.3 % filament on first arch; cavernous tissue, when discernable, only around anus; vertebrae 30–33 + 22–24 = 53–55; dorsal-fin rays 16–19; anal-fin rays 17–20; lateral-line pores 16–19; lateral-line scales 15–18; and copular tooth plate rather slender, greatest width 3.2–4.7 in length.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Meristic and morphometric characters are provided in Tables 4, 5. Data of holotype are provided first, followed by those of paratypes in parentheses whenever available. Dorsal-fin rays 18 (16–19); pectoral-fin rays 17 / 17 (17–21 / 18 – 20); anal-fin rays 17 (17–20); principal caudal-fin rays 8 + 8 (7–8 + 7–8). GRI 3 + 1 + 5 (1–2 + 1 + 2–4); GRII 1 + 1 + 2 (1 + 1 + 2–4); GRIII 1 + 0 + 2 (0–1 + 1 + 1–3); medial GRI 4 (2–3). Lateral-line pores 19 / 19 (16–18 / 18); lateral-line scales 18 / 18 (15–17 / 17). Head pores (Fig. 13): MD 7 (6–8); POP 2 (0–1 +; slightly damaged); IO 7 + 0 = 7 (7 + 0 = 7); SO 6 (6); M 5 (4–6); ST 1. Vertebrae 33 + 22 = 55 (30–32 + 22–23 = 53–54; n = 5).</p><p>Body rather slender and compressed, depth at pectoral-fin base 5.4 (3.9–5.8) in SL. Head moderate and slightly compressed, length 3.3 (3.1–3.7) in SL. Dorsum and abdomen with distinct central ridge. Nostrils similar to head lateral-line pores, closer to tip of snout than eye; anterior nostril slightly smaller than posterior one; both nostrils oval; nasal organ mostly in anterior nostril. Eye tiny, diameter 36.3 (21.2–44.5) in HL. Interorbital broadly concave, without distinct pits; anterolateral projection of frontal slightly posterior to eye. Caudal peduncle rather short and deep, length and depth 5.8 (4.4–5.9) and 2.0 (1.7–2.6) in HL, respectively. Cavernous tissue surrounding anus (Fig. 14); present on mouth roof, esophagus, and body wall behind fourth gill arch. Anal lappets absent.</p><p>Mouth enormous and oblique; upper-jaw length 1.2 (1.1–1.4) in HL; lower jaw with two posterior spines, with ventral spine blunt and lateral spine blunt or indistinct and covered under skin. Jaw teeth elongated, with inner ~ 3–5 rows in diagonal rows in specimens &lt;150 mm SL (all 5 rows of anterior teeth in diagonal rows in SIO 70-306 and ZMH -ICH-0028917), others in distinct longitudinal rows; inner row of teeth largest; premaxillary and dentary symphyses edentate. Upper jaw with 10 (4–11) rows of teeth anteriorly, its number slightly decreases posteriorly, with 6 (1–5) rows posteriorly. Lower-jaw teeth similar to those of upper jaw, with 10 (4–13) rows anteriorly and 5 (2–5) rows posteriorly. Vomerine, palatine, and ectopterygoid teeth similar in shape to jaw teeth. Vomerine tooth patch domed, with 5 (3–8) rows of teeth. Palatine tooth patch beginning at level of middle of vomer and separated by large gap, with 6 (2–9) rows of teeth; its anterior end anterior to level of eye. Ectopterygoid tooth patch broad, with ~ 5 (2–10) teeth rows and nearly attached to palatine tooth patch; its origin posterior to palatine, extending posteriorly beyond rictus and before end of premaxilla. Copular tooth patch (Fig. 15) teardrop shaped, its anterior margin pointed, with rather straight or slightly concave lateral side, and slightly widens posteriorly; its length and width 3.4 (3.0–3.8) and 14.3 (9.9–15.8) in HL, respectively; length / width ratio 4.2 (3.2–4.7).</p><p>Three free gill arches, with small slit behind ventral arm of third arch near angle, extending ~ 1 / 2 (1 / 2 to entire) length of filament-bearing part of ventral arm; dorsal arm of arch I 1 / 2 (1 / 2) free; dorsal arm of arch II 1 / 4 (1 / 2) free. Gill filaments of anterior three arches moderately long and well developed; those on arch IV tiny to short, length of filaments on arch IV 17.2 (too tiny to measure, ≤ 6.3) % length of filaments on arch I. Gill rakers forming plates on lateral face of outer three arches and medial face of arch I; present on outer face of arch IV and medial face of arch II in partial specimens. Anterior margin of anteriormost GRI reaches near anterior margin of copular tooth plate, before anterior margin of copular tooth plate in most specimens. Two dorsal pharyngeal tooth plates, both domed and slightly oval; no ventral pharyngeal tooth plate.</p><p>Lateral-line pores large, most pores almost as wide as canal (≤ 3 / 4 width of canal), with last pore ~ 3 / 4 width of canal. Lateral line usually without flaps anterior to pores on posterior portion (present in one specimen); keels absent (present in one specimen). Two papillae on both anterior and posterior margins of pores. No papillae on base of caudal fin. Dorsal accessory line of neuromasts beginning slightly before level of upper limit of gill opening, with ~ 15 (n = 1) papillae scattered on dorsum, and extending posteriorly 2 / 3 of way to dorsal-fin origin, before mid-dorsal keel. Lateral-line scales without spines on dorsal and ventral arms and not penetrate skin of lateral-line canal.</p><p>Lateral-line system of head well developed. Head with numerous scattered papillate superficial neuromasts, ~ 0–12 (broken in holotype) papillae on tip of snout between midline and first supraorbital pore; 4 (1–3) papillae above anterior nostril; 4 (4–6) papillae posteroventral to anterior nostril; 2–4 (broken in holotype) papillae dorsal to first infraorbital pore; 0 (0) papillae dorsal to second and third infraorbital pores; ~ 11 (10) papillae dorsal to first and second main-canal pores; 2 (1) papillae medial to supratemporal pore; 2 (6–11) papillae anterior to preopercular pores (or preopercle and cheek when pores absent); ~ 4 (6) papillae on opercle; 11 (9–23) papillae scattered above mandibular pores, becoming denser posteriorly.</p><p>Dorsal and anal fins far back on body, with dorsal-fin origin slightly posterior to that of anal fin; their tips pointed posteriorly. Dorsal fin with ~ 8 th – 16 th (7 th – 17 th; n = 3) rays branched, others unbranched. Anal fin with middle ~ 6 th – 15 th (7 th – 18 th; n = 2) rays branched, others unbranched. Dorsal- and anal-fin rays branched at tip, and becoming proximally as growth. Pectoral fin low, broad-based, directed posterodorsally, and rather short, length 4.0 (2.8–5.6) in HL; middle rays longest; all rays simple. Subpectoral organ only discernable in SIO 70-306.</p><p>Coloration.</p><p>When preserved (Fig. 12), body dark to light brown. Gill arches, rakers and filaments, and inner face of operculum pale. Some black patches occasionally present on gill arches and hyoid arches. Teeth transparent. Peritoneum and stomach black. Esophagus and mouth roof with dark marble patterns. Abdomen with dark reticulated pattern.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Currently known from specimens collected in the northern Pacific Ocean between 12°N and 53°N.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>We are pleased to name this species after the late Dr. G. David Johnson, National Museum of Natural History (USNM), for his great contributions to our knowledge of cetomimids, and for his encouragement in our study.</p><p>The standard Japanese name Hoppo-kujirauo (ほっぽうクジラウオ) is here proposed based on SIO 70-306. “ Hoppo ” means northern, indicating the northern distribution of the species, in contrast to its most similar congener, G. grahami, which is cosmopolitan in the Southern Hemisphere.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The non-type specimen (AMS I.29640-001) has 59 total vertebrae, which is distinctly higher than other specimens examined in this study (vs 53–55; n = 6). However, other characters, such as the distribution of cavernous tissue, position of the anteriormost GRI, and the inner rows of teeth on both jaws arranged in diagonal rows, are consistent with the type specimens. Additional specimens are required to determine whether this discrepancy falls within the natural range of variation for this species, given that vertebral counts in Cetostoma regani Zugmayer, 1914 are known to range from 47 to 53 (Paxton 1989).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/56537627414C5505BEAE538BBCC76ACC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Su, Yo;Paxton, John R.;Ho, Hsuan-Ching	Su, Yo, Paxton, John R., Ho, Hsuan-Ching (2026): Four new species of the whalefish genus Gyrinomimus Parr, 1934, with the establishment of three new species groups (Beryciformes, Cetomimidae). ZooKeys 1279: 57-95, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1279.171946
18FE8D4F1B3056ABBB5CDD58E73AEBF2.text	18FE8D4F1B3056ABBB5CDD58E73AEBF2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gyrinomimus Parr 1934	<div><p>Gyrinomimus Parr, 1934</p><p>Gyrinomimus Parr, 1934: 29 . Type species: Gyrinomimus myersi Parr, 1934 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Elongated, closely-set teeth in distinct longitudinal rows on the jaws, palatine, and ectopterygoid; free gill arches 3; tooth plates of gill arches solid, flat, and covering most of the lateral face of the arch; ventral pharyngeal tooth plates absent; total vertebrae 47–59; lateral-line scales rectangular or strap-like and curved; vomerine tooth patch rectangular or laterally elongate and flat.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Paxton (1989) stated that gill rakers are present on all four gill arches in the genus Gyrinomimus . However, based on our observation, most specimens lack gill rakers on fourth gill arch, with only three specimens of G. johnsoni sp. nov. show this character. Therefore, the statement of rakers on all four gill arches for all Gyrinomimus in Paxton (1989) should be revised accordingly. Based on the morphological characters, species of Gyrinomimus can be separated into three species groups described herein:</p><p>Gyrinomimus myersi species group.</p><p>This species group differs from the other two groups in having medial tooth plates on the first gill arch absent, anal lappets absent, cavernous tissue present at least one other area besides the anus (in 3 of the 4 species behind the pectoral girdle under the pectoral fin), and tiny to small filaments on the fourth gill arch. The group includes G. myersi, G. parri, and two potentially undescribed species.</p><p>Gyrinomimus grahami species group.</p><p>This species group differs from the other two groups in having medial tooth plates on the first gill arch present, anal lappets absent, gill filaments on the fourth gill arch tiny to small, and cavernous tissue, limited to around the anus or at most as a separate patch posterodorsal to the anus. The group includes G. grahami, G. johnsoni sp. nov., and one potentially undescribed species.</p><p>Gyrinomimus bruuni species group.</p><p>This species group differs from the other two groups in having filaments on the fourth gill arch moderate to long and having anal lappets and supported by scales or not (scales absent in G. alepis sp. nov.). The group includes G. bruuni, G. alepis, G. amaokai sp. nov., G. johnpaxtoni sp. nov., and one potentially undescribed species. In addition, the anal-fin base of the holotype of G. andriashevi is damaged, rendering the condition of the anal lappets indeterminable (Paxton and Gon 1990). Nevertheless, G. andriashevi is tentatively assigned to this group based on the presence of well-developed filaments on the fourth gill arch and pending further study.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/18FE8D4F1B3056ABBB5CDD58E73AEBF2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Su, Yo;Paxton, John R.;Ho, Hsuan-Ching	Su, Yo, Paxton, John R., Ho, Hsuan-Ching (2026): Four new species of the whalefish genus Gyrinomimus Parr, 1934, with the establishment of three new species groups (Beryciformes, Cetomimidae). ZooKeys 1279: 57-95, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1279.171946
