identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
7EEDD5EA4FED55949EB04DEB6FFF62A8.text	7EEDD5EA4FED55949EB04DEB6FFF62A8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vitreorana micaelae Vaz-Silva & Pereira de Andrade & Filho Rocha & Victor Jr. & Brandão & Maciel 2026	<div><p>Vitreorana micaelae sp. nov.</p><p>Vitreorana eurygnatha — Cintra et al. 2013: 587–590.</p><p>Vitreorana sp. — Vaz-Silva et al. 2020: 32.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. • CEPB 10154 (Fig. 1), an adult male from the municipality of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-47.725&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.1145" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -47.725/lat -16.1145)">Luziânia</a>, state of Goiás, Brazil, collected in a gallery forest along a small stream near the east bank of the São Bartolomeu River (16°06.87'S, 47°43.50'W; 826 m a. s. l.), on 9 December 2014 by Cezar Filho Rocha . Paratypes. • Eight adult males, all specimens were collected at the type locality by Cezar F. Rocha and Edmar P. Victor Jr: • CEPB 10151, collected on 5 December 2014; • CEPB 10152, collected on 6 December 2014; CEPB 10153, collected on 8 December 2014; and CEPB 10155 –10159, collected with the holotype on 9 December 2014 . Additionally, an adult male CEPB 7712 collected during the faunal rescue operation owing to the filling of the Corumbá IV Hydroelectric Power Plant reservoir, in the municipality of Luziânia, state of Goiás, on 4 July 2005 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Vitreorana micaelae sp. nov. is characterized by the following combination of characters: 1) small body size (SVL 23.2 ± 1.2 mm in males, ranging from 21.7–26.1 mm); 2) vomerine teeth and dentigerous process of vomers absent; 3) tympanum evident, colored as the surrounding skin, with diameter ~ 33 % of the eye diameter; 4) tympanic annulus barely visible; 4) dorsal skin texture shagreen; 5) snout rounded in dorsal view and sloping in profile; 8) cloacal ornamentation composed of small, enamel-like tubercles of different sizes, increasing in size toward the venter (Fig. 2); 9) parietal peritoneum translucent (P 0 condition); 10) iridophores covering the pericardium, hepatic peritoneum, and urinary bladder peritoneum; all other visceral peritonea transparent (V 4 condition); 11) bulbous liver (H 2 condition); 12) webbing absent between fingers II and III, reduced between fingers III and IV, and IV and V, with webbing formula: III 2–3 1 / 2 IV 2 1 / 2 –2 + V; (13) webbing between toes moderate, webbing formula: I 1 + – 2 + II 1 + – 2 1 / 3 III 1 + – 2 + IV 2 + – 1 + V; 14) humeral crest and spine absent in adult males; 15) dorsal coloration in life leaf green with minute black punctuations; 16) melanophores forming punctuations regularly distributed on dorsum; 17) in preservative, the dorsum is cream with abundant dark melanophore punctuations; hands and feet bear few melanophores; the outer surface of the arm has a lower concentration of melanophores than the forearm; and the upper eyelids show a higher concentration of melanophores; 18) iris whitish cream with dark flecks; 19) discs on fingers III and IV broadly enlarged and truncate; 20) advertisement call composed of two calls types containing 1–4 notes, 2–3 pulses by notes, call duration ranges from 17.1–25.1 ms (call type I) and 45.6–115.6 ms (call type II) with dominant frequency ranging 4651.2–4737.3 Hz (call type I) and 4694.2–4758.8 Hz (call type II).</p><p>Comparison with other species of the genus.</p><p>Features of previously described species are presented within parenthesis. Vitreorana micaelae sp. nov. differs from V. helenae by its larger size, and from V. assuh by its smaller size. Vitreorana micaelae sp. nov. has a snout-vent length ranging from 21.7–26.1 mm in adult males (vs 18.9–20.4 mm in V. helenae; and 30.9–34.1 mm in V. assuh (see Ayarzagüena 1992; Señaris and Ayarzagüena 2005; Kok and Castroviejo-Fisher 2008; Zucchetti et al. 2023). In Vitreorana micaelae sp. nov., the dorsal skin is shagreened (vs smooth in V. baliomma, and V. eurygnatha). The new species also differs from V. franciscana, V. baliomma, and V. eurygnatha) by its rounded snout in dorsal view (vs subovoid snout in V. franciscana and truncate snout in V. baliomma and V. eurygnatha). The snout profile is sloping in Vitreorana micaelae sp. nov. (vs snout rounded in V. baliomma, truncated or rounded in V. eurygnatha, and slightly truncate in V. parvula). The parietal peritoneum is translucent in Vitreorana micaelae sp. nov. (P 0 condition based in Cisneros-Heredia and McDiarmid 2007) (vs parietal peritoneum partially covered, P 2 condition, in V. ritae, V. antisthenesi, V. helenae, V. gorzulae, and V. castroviejoi). In the new species, the visceral peritoneum presents iridophores covering the pericardium, hepatic peritoneum, and urinary bladder peritonea. In contrast, all other parts of the visceral peritoneum are clear (V 4 condition) (vs V 5 condition in V. ritae, V. baliomma, and V. gorzulae). Vitreorana micaelae sp. nov. has a bulbous liver (H 2 condition) (vs lobed in V. ritae and V. castroviejoi, H 1 condition). In the new species, cloacal ornamentation is composed of small, enamel-like tubercles of varying sizes, becoming larger toward the venter and bearing white pigmentation (Fig. 2) (vs presence of small tubercules similar in size in V. helenae and V. ballioma; cloacal ornamentation formed by a more developed granular structure in V. parvula). Additionally, Vitreorana micaelae sp. nov. differs from other species of Vitreorana by the advertisement call with emission pattern with two call types (single call in other species) (Table 2).</p><p>Description of the holotype.</p><p>Adult male (CEPB 10154), with a single, subgular vocal sac. Body slender; head distinct, wider than long; HL 28.3 % and HW 34.8 % of SVL; canthus rostralis indistinct; loreal region slightly concave; nostrils ovoid and protuberant, closer to tip of snout, directed dorsolaterally; internarial area barely depressed; moderate-sized eyes, ED 40 % of F 3 L, directed anterolaterally; ED narrower than IOD (ED / IOD = 49 %); transverse diameter of disc of Finger IV 52.3 % of the eye diameter. Tympanum of small size (TD 42.8 % of ED). Vomerine teeth absent; choanae large and rounded; tongue ovoid, ventral posterior half not attached to the floor of mouth; vocal slits extending posterolaterally from the lateral edge of the tongue to the angle of the jaw. Upper lip bearing a supralabial white line.</p><p>Arm slender, forearms slightly thicker than arms with minute and star-shaped melanophores; relative finger lengths I &lt;II &lt;IV &lt;III; finger discs expanded, elliptical and truncate on the distal margin; subarticular tubercles small and rounded; supernumerary tubercles present; palmar tubercle elliptical, elongated. Webbing absent between fingers II and III, reduced between fingers III and IV, and IV and V, with webbing formula: III 2–3 1 / 2 IV 2 1 / 2 –2 + V.</p><p>Slender hind limbs, FL 70.8 % and TL 53.2 % of the SVL; relative toe length I &lt;II &lt;III ≈ V &lt;IV; toe discs expanded, elliptical, and truncated on the distal margin; webbing between toes moderate, webbing formula: I 1 + – 2 + II 1 + – 2 1 / 3 III 1 + – 2 + IV 2 + – 1 + V; inner metatarsal tubercle large, ovoid, near the base of toe I; subarticular tubercles small and rounded; supernumerary tubercles present. Dorsal surfaces shagreened; gular region and ventral surface of forelimbs smooth; venter and ventral surface of the hindlimbs areolate with small and round granules, all similar in size. Ventral surfaces and flanks cream. Cloacal ornamentation composed of enamel-like tubercles of different sizes, increasing in size toward the venter.</p><p>Measurements of the holotype (mm). SVL 26.1; HL 7.4; HW 9.1; IOD 4.2; UE 0.9; IN 1.8; EN 2.2; SE 3.9; ED 2.1; TD 0.9; ET 0.9; RUL 5.2; HDL 7.8; F 2 L 3.5; F 3 L 5.2; 4 DW 1.1; F 4 W 0.8; TL 13.9; THL 12.5; FL 18.5.</p><p>Color in life. Dorsal coloration light green, with yellow tones on the flanks and extremities of the limbs and digits. Minute black melanophores distributed throughout the dorsal surface and limbs. Flanks without melanophores. Paler green ring surrounding the eye. Upper lip bearing a supralabial white line. Ventral surface of the limbs, hands, and feet greenish. Venter translucent, evidencing the white visceral peritoneum with white iridophores (Fig. 3).</p><p>Color in preservative. In preservative, arms, hands, legs, feet, dorsum, and venter whitish cream, with dark melanophores in star-shaped or asterisk-shaped regularly distributed.</p><p>Variation. Variation was observed in the dorsal pattern in the distribution of melanophores. Specimen CEPB 10156 shows a higher concentration of melanophores on the left side of the head, forming a patch, and with blotchy aspects in the region of the articulation of the arm with the forearm and of the thigh with the tibia. Specimens CEPB 10157, CEPB 10159, and CEPB 10155 showed little variation in the arrangement of melanophores. On the other hand, specimen CEPB 10159 showed a subtle increase in concentration in the frontoparietal region of the head. Specimen CEPB 10155 showed an increase in spots in the elbow, knee, and frontoparietal regions. Specimens CEPB 7712, CEPB 10153, and CEPB 10154 presents a dorsal pattern with smaller and less clustered melanophores forming punctuations, resulting in a less reticulated pattern. The variation in morphometric measurements is presented in Table 1.</p><p>Bioacoustics.</p><p>The advertisement call of Vitreorana micaelae sp. nov., is composed of two call types: a short call, named here type I (Fig. 4 A, B) and a long call, named type II (Fig. 4 C, D). The parameters of each call can be visualized in Table 2. The alternation between the emission of the short and long calls apparently does not follow a defined pattern. Call type I is as a single note (note A) (n = 10), structured with two or three pulses. Notes in short calls last 17.1–25.1 ms (22.5 ± 2.4 ms). Note A, besides its larger amplitude than the other type of note emitted by the new species, also presents discrete frequency modulation in its terminal portion (Fig. 4 A). The dominant frequency ranges from 4651–4727 Hz. Call type II is multi-note call, composed of long calls in a combination of one note (note A) with two or three notes (each note here called note B) (n = 7) (Fig. 4 C; example of a call type II composed of three notes type B). Each note B is also structured with 2–3 pulses. The long call duration ranges from 45.6–115.6 ms (83.8 ± 21.2 ms). In the calls type II, long calls, the first note (note A) has a progressive increase in amplitude until it reaches the second part, in which two or three type notes B are placed in sequentially and separated by brief gaps of silence (Fig. 4 C, D). The dominant frequency ranges from 4694.2–4758.88 Hz.</p><p>Genetic data.</p><p>Genetic distances among Vitreorana species range from 3.5–9.6 %, with the new species showing the lowest divergence from V. parvula (Table 3). Pairwise genetic distances between the new species and congeners are as follows: V. parvula (3.5–5.2 %), V. antisthenesi (5.8 %), V. castroviejoi (6.7 %), V. eurygnatha (6.7 %), V. balinomma (7.9 %), V. helenae (8.0 %), V. gorzulae (8.7 %), and V. ritae (8.7 %). The genetic distance between the two analyzed specimens of V. parvula (from the municipalities of Lages and Tangará, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil) is 0.4 %.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet honors the biologist Micaela de Jolepian L. Vaz, the beloved wife of the first author, in recognition of her unwavering support for his research on Neotropical biodiversity.</p><p>Natural history and distribution remarks.</p><p>Vitreorana micaelae sp. nov. is a habitat-specialist species occurring in semideciduous forest in ecotonal contact with riparian and gallery forests, along small streams (Fig. 5). The new species is known from two localities in the municipality of Luziânia, state of Goiás, central Brazil: the type locality and the record reported by Cintra et al. (2013) (CEPB 7712) (16°21'29"S, 48°18'22"W). The type locality is a gallery forest along a small stream near the forested bank of the São Bartolomeu River (Fig. 6), a tributary of the Paranaíba River basin. Calling males were observed ~ 2.5 m above the stream water on vegetation along the stream banks. Additional natural history data are unavailable.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7EEDD5EA4FED55949EB04DEB6FFF62A8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Vaz-Silva, Wilian;Pereira de Andrade, Sheila;Filho Rocha, Cezar;Victor Jr., Edmar Pereira;Brandão, Reuber Albuquerque;Maciel, Natan Medeiros	Vaz-Silva, Wilian, Pereira de Andrade, Sheila, Filho Rocha, Cezar, Victor Jr., Edmar Pereira, Brandão, Reuber Albuquerque, Maciel, Natan Medeiros (2026): Unveiling a small new glassfrog of the genus Vitreorana (Anura, Centrolenidae) from Cerrado, central Brazil. ZooKeys 1291: 93-110, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1291.193210
