identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
983CC7D69DF85C61993ACBA3AEFC15CA.text	983CC7D69DF85C61993ACBA3AEFC15CA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lyophyllum edulis S. M. Tang & S. H. Li 2025	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Lyophyllum edulis S. M. Tang &amp; S. H. Li sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 2 A, B, 3, 4</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The epithet “ edulis ” refers to the edibility of this species; locally it is considered a delicacy.</p>
            <p>Holotype.</p>
            <p> China, Sichuan Province: Jiuzhaigou County, elev. 2,100 m, October 12, 2023, Song-Ming Tang, L 6737 (HKAS 135644!).</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Pileus 3–8 cm diameter, fleshy, fragile, hemispherical, becoming convex with age, smooth on the surface, dry, dark grayish orange (# 8 a 7971) on the center, soft orange (# e 9 c 7 a 7) with margin, subumbonate of center, inflexed of margin; pileus context thick, 0.2–0.3 cm wide, white (# fcfcfc). Lamellae moderately close together, arcuate, subdecurrent to decurrent, broad, white (# fcfcfc), unchanging color when injured, 3–4 tiers, 0.4–0.5 cm wide, edge even or entire. Stipe 3.7–6.9 × 0.8–1.4 cm, cylindrical, grayish orange (# d 9 cdc 2) in the upper, soft orange (# e 9 c 7 a 7) gradually downward, smooth; stipe context white (# fcfcfc), solid, unchanging in color when injured. The odor and taste were not distinctive.</p>
            <p>Basidiospores [84 / 2 / 2] 5.1–6.5 (– 8) × 4.6–6.6 μm, (Q = 1.0–1.2, Qm = 1.11 ± 0.05), av. 5.81 ± 0.28 × 5.47 ± 0.38 μm, globose, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, hyaline, smooth. Basidia 25–39 × 8–11 μm (N = 20), av. 32.7 ± 5.1 × 9.7 ± 1.0 μm, mostly 4 - spored, rarely 2 - spored, sterigmata long 1.8–4.9 μm, sometimes with basal clamp connections, clavate, siderophilous granulations. Subhymenium is composed of moderately thin-walled hyphae, 40–55 μm thick, with 2–3 layers of ovoid, fusiform to narrowly cylindrical hyphae, and 6–8 × 3–5 μm. Hymenophoral trama regular, 120–150 μm wide, consisting of thin and hyaline hyphae, some with clamp connections, narrowly cylindrical hyphal elements, 6–12 μm wide. Cheilocystidia were 21–24 × 4–7 μm in size and av. 22.9 ± 1.3 × 6.4 ± 0.7 μm, narrowly cylindrical or narrowly clavate, thin-walled, and rarely mucronate or rostrate on the apex. Pleurocystidia 24–28 × 4–6 μm, av. 26.3 ± 1.6 × 5.3 ± 0.6 μm, narrowly cylindrical or narrowly clavate, thin-walled. Pileipellis colorless and hyaline in 5 % KOH solution, parallel, thin-walled, almost cylindrical to subcylindrical, filamentous hyphae 4–6 μm wide. Stipitipellis composed of appressed, parallel, thin-walled, hyphae 2–7 µm wide. Clamp connections are present at some septa in the pileipellis, lamellae, and stipitipellis.</p>
            <p>Habitat.</p>
            <p> Clustered, related to  Quercus glauca in broad-leaved forests in Sichuan and Shandong provinces. </p>
            <p>Economic value.</p>
            <p>Edible, available in local markets.</p>
            <p>Additional materials examined.</p>
            <p> China • Sichuan Province: Jiuzhaigou County, elev. 2,380 m, October 12, 2023, Song-Ming Tang, paratype, L 6738, HKAS 135645 ;  Shandong Province, Jinan County, elev. 2,210 m, October 11, 2023, Tong Lv, L 6880, HKAS 135646 . </p>
            <p>Notes.</p>
            <p> Lyophyllum edulis is similar to  L. fumosum ,  L. subdecastes ,  L. loricatum , and  L. littorale by sharing globose to subglobose basidiospores. However, the stipe surface of  L. fumosum is cream to brown and has relatively larger basidia (40–45 × 8–10 µm; Sesli et al. 2015).  Lyophyllum subdecastes pileus surface is yellowish-brown or brown to greyish-red, stipe surface is reddish grey to greyish red, and smaller basidiospores (3.9–5.0 × 3.7–5.0 µm; Wei et al. 2023).  Lyophyllum loricatum was originally described in Sweden; its pileus surface is reddish-brown to chestnut-brown, and the stipe surface is pale brownish or grey-brown (Breitenbach 1991).  Lyophyllum littorale stipe surface is grey and has smaller basidiospores (4.5–5.5 × 4.5–5.5 µm; Ballero and Contu 1990). </p>
            <p> In our multi-locus phylogeny,  L. decastes (Fr.) Singer ,  L. shimeji (Kawam.) Hongo , and  L. heimogu S. H. Li are sister to the clade of  L. edulis . However, the original description of  L. decastes from Sweden has a whitish-greyish stipe (Breitenbach 1991; Trudell and Ammirati 2009; Davis et al. 2012), and ITS sequence differences between  L. edulis (HKAS 135664, holotype) and  L. decastes (Ld 418) were 1.81 % (10 / 552, including 2 gaps).  Lyophyllum shimeji , originally described from Japan as  Tricholoma shimeji Kawam. , has a dark grey to grey pileus; ITS sequence differences between  L. edulis (HKAS 135664, holotype) and  L. shimeji (L 2010512377) were 4.89 % (27 / 552, including 2 gaps).  Lyophyllum heimogu , collected from Xizang, China, has dark grey to olive pileus and stipe surface yellowish-brown; ITS sequence differences between  L. edulis (HKAS 135664, holotype) and  L. heimogu (L 3026, holotype) were 1.81 % (10 / 552, including 2 gaps). Thus, they were classified as a heterospecific species. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/983CC7D69DF85C61993ACBA3AEFC15CA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Tang, Song-Ming;Yu, Feng-Ming;Karunarathna, Samantha C.;Luo, Zong-Long;Niu, Kai-Yang;Li, Rui-Yu;Li, Lin;Su, Xi-Jun;Li, Shu-Hong	Tang, Song-Ming, Yu, Feng-Ming, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Luo, Zong-Long, Niu, Kai-Yang, Li, Rui-Yu, Li, Lin, Su, Xi-Jun, Li, Shu-Hong (2025): Morpho-phylogenetic analyses of two novel edible mushrooms from China and a mini review of Lyophyllum (Agaricales, Lyophyllaceae) cultivation and bioactivities. MycoKeys 112: 307-334, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.112.141615
531101CA873851DAB0DF17D6DDC079FC.text	531101CA873851DAB0DF17D6DDC079FC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lyophyllum pallidofumosum Y. H. Ma, W. M. Chen & Y. C. Zhao	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Lyophyllum pallidofumosum Y. H. Ma, W. M. Chen &amp; Y. C. Zhao , in Ma, Liu, Zhao, Chen &amp; Zhao, Phytotaxa 576 (2): 178 (2022) </p>
            <p>Figs 2 C – F, 5, 6</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Pileus 2.0–6.0 cm diameter, fleshy, fragile, hemispherical, becoming convex with age, smooth on the surface, dry, grayish orange (# e 4 dfdb) on the center, soft orange (# dbcca 9) with margin, slightly depressed to papilla of center, deflexed to inflexed of margin; pileus context thick, 0.2–0.3 cm wide, white (# fcfcfc). Lamellae moderately close together, arcuate, subdecurrent to decurrent, broad, white (# fcfcfc), unchanging color when injured, 2–3 tiers, 0.2–0.3 cm wide, edge even or entire. Stipe 4–7 × 0.9–1.1 cm, wide bulbous at the base, smooth; stipe context white (# fcfcfc), 1.2–3.0 cm wide, bulbous at the base, smooth; stipe context white (# fcfcfc), unchanging in color when injured. The odor and taste were not distinctive.</p>
            <p>Basidiospores [73 / 2 / 2] 4.5–6.6 × 4.0–5.9 μm, (Q = 1.0–1.3, Qm = 1.11 ± 0.10), av. 5.38 ± 0.59 × 4.89 ± 0.61 μm, globose, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, hyaline, smooth. Basidia 19–28 (– 35) × 10–15 μm (N = 20), av. 25.6 ± 4.1 × 12.1 ± 1.64 μm, mostly 2 - spored, rarely 4 - spored, sterigmata long 2.9–4.1 μm, sometimes with basal clamp connections, clavate, siderophilous granulations. Subhymenium is composed of moderately thin-walled hyphae, 15–20 μm thick, with 1–2 layers of ovoid, fusiform to narrowly cylindrical hyphae, 3–7 × 2–4 μm. Hymenophoral trama regular, 110–160 μm wide, consisting of thin and hyaline hyphae, some with clamp connections, narrowly cylindrical hyphal elements 2–5 μm wide. Cheilocystidia were 10–15 × 4–6 μm, av. 12.2 ± 1.8 × 5.0 ± 0.4 μm, narrowly cylindrical or narrowly clavate, rarely apex flexed, mostly narrowing with apex, thin-walled. Pleurocystidia were 12–18 × 4–6 μm in size and av. 14.8 ± 4.1 × 4.4 ± 1.1 μm, narrowly cylindrical or narrowly clavate, rarely apex flexed, mostly narrowing with apex, thin-walled. Pileipellis is an interwoven trichodermium composed of almost hyaline interwoven filamentous hyphae, terminal cells 2–5 μm wide, almost cylindrical to subcylindrical, occasional hyphal tips flexuous and sometimes inflate, and some with clamp connections. Stipitipellis composed of appressed, parallel, thin-walled, 2–4 µm wide, fusiform, thin-walled. Clamp connections are present at some septa in the pileipellis, lamellae, and stipitipellis.</p>
            <p>Habitat.</p>
            <p>Clustered, it occurs in the Sichuan and Yunnan provinces.</p>
            <p>Additional species examined.</p>
            <p> China • Chongqing Municipality, elev. 1,980 m, October 12, 2023, Song-Ming Tang, L 6883, HKAS 135649 ; •  Chongqing Municipality, elev. 2,152 m, L 6884, October 12, 2023, Song-Ming Tang, HKAS 135650 . </p>
            <p>Notes.</p>
            <p> Lyophyllum pallidofumosum , a new edible mushroom, has been published by Ma et al. (2022). However, the original description of  L. pallidofumosum lacks cheilocystidia, pleurocystidia, pileipellis, and stipitipellis. Thus, in this study, we provide a more comprehensive description of  L. pallidofumosum . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/531101CA873851DAB0DF17D6DDC079FC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Tang, Song-Ming;Yu, Feng-Ming;Karunarathna, Samantha C.;Luo, Zong-Long;Niu, Kai-Yang;Li, Rui-Yu;Li, Lin;Su, Xi-Jun;Li, Shu-Hong	Tang, Song-Ming, Yu, Feng-Ming, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Luo, Zong-Long, Niu, Kai-Yang, Li, Rui-Yu, Li, Lin, Su, Xi-Jun, Li, Shu-Hong (2025): Morpho-phylogenetic analyses of two novel edible mushrooms from China and a mini review of Lyophyllum (Agaricales, Lyophyllaceae) cultivation and bioactivities. MycoKeys 112: 307-334, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.112.141615
18303D58D9745E26A17D54C6D4C84675.text	18303D58D9745E26A17D54C6D4C84675.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lyophyllum shimeji (Kawam.) Hongo	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Lyophyllum shimeji (Kawam.) Hongo , Trans. Mycol. Soc. Japan 12 (2): 90 (1971) </p>
            <p>Figs 7 C, D, 10, 11</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Pileus 2.0–3.0 cm diameter, fleshy, fragile, hemispherical, becoming convex with age, abundant black floccus on the surface, dry, dark orange (# 756450), slightly depressed of center, deflexed to inflexed of margin; pileus context thick, 0.5–0.7 cm wide, white (# fcfcfc). Lamellae moderately close together, arcuate, subdecurrent to decurrent, broad, white (# fcfcfc), unchanging color when injured, 3–4 tiers, 0.3–0.4 cm wide, edge even or entire. Stipe 3.0–5.1 × 1.0– 1.4 cm, cylindrical to clavate, grayish yellow (# 89877 b) on the surface, tapering upwards, smooth; stipe context white (# fcfcfc), unchanging in color when injured. The odor and taste were not distinctive.</p>
            <p>Basidiospores [75 / 2 / 2] 5.4–7.3 × 4.6–6.6 μm, (Q = 1.0–1.3, Qm = 1.10 ± 0.19), av. 6.03 ± 0.38 × 5.55 ± 0.65 μm, globose, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, smooth. Basidia 32–41 × 6–9 μm (N = 20), av. 36.2 ± 3.8 × 8.3 ± 1.15 μm, mostly 4 - spored, rarely 2 - spored, sterigmata long 3.1–4.5 μm, sometimes with basal clamp connections, clavate, siderophilous granulations. Subhymenium is composed of moderately thin-walled hyphae, 15–30 μm thick, with 2–3 layers of ovoid, fusiform to narrowly cylindrical hyphae, 5–8 × 3–4 μm. Hymenophoral trama regular, 120–180 μm wide, consisting of thin and hyaline hyphae, some with clamp connections, narrowly cylindrical hyphal elements 2–4 μm wide. Cheilocystidia 15–22 (– 26) × 3–5 μm, av. 20.6 ± 4.4 × 4.7 ± 1.1 μm, narrowly cylindrical or narrowly clavate, thin-walled. Pleurocystidia were 16–20 × 3–5 μm in size and av. 18.6 ± 3.7 × 3.7 ± 0.4 μm, narrowly cylindrical or narrowly clavate, thin-walled. Pileipellis is an interwoven trichodermium composed of almost hyaline interwoven filamentous hyphae, terminal cells 2–4 μm wide, almost cylindrical to subcylindrical, occasional hyphal tips flexuous and sometimes inflated, and some with clamp connections. Stipitipellis composed of appressed, parallel, thin-walled, 3–6 μm wide. Clamp connections are present at some septa in the pileipellis, lamellae, and stipitipellis.</p>
            <p>Habitat.</p>
            <p> Clustered in the  Quercus ,  Pinus , and mixed  Picea and  Fagus forests. Known from China, Japan, Sweden, Finland, and Norway (Fujita et al. 1982; Kawai 1997; Yamanaka 2009). </p>
            <p>Edibility.</p>
            <p>This mushroom is highly appreciated and is cultivated worldwide.</p>
            <p>Additional materials examined.</p>
            <p> China • Chongqing Municipality, elev. 1,872 m, 12 October 2023, Tong Lv, HKAS 135647 ;  ibid, 12 October 2023, Tong Lv, HKAS 135648 . </p>
            <p>Notes.</p>
            <p> The originally described  Lyophyllum shimeji was from Japan as  Tricholoma shimeji Kawam. ; it is a famous edible mushroom (Fujita et al. 1982; Kawai 1997; Yamanaka 2009). However, the description of  L. shimeji is incomplete, lacking both macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. In this study, we meticulously provided the comprehensive and detailed characteristics of  L. shimeji , enabling more precise and unequivocal identification of this species. This thorough analysis ensures that future taxonomic studies and research endeavors can accurately distinguish  L. shimeji from other similar fungal species, thereby facilitating a deeper understanding of its ecological role and potential applications in culinary and scientific contexts. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/18303D58D9745E26A17D54C6D4C84675	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Tang, Song-Ming;Yu, Feng-Ming;Karunarathna, Samantha C.;Luo, Zong-Long;Niu, Kai-Yang;Li, Rui-Yu;Li, Lin;Su, Xi-Jun;Li, Shu-Hong	Tang, Song-Ming, Yu, Feng-Ming, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Luo, Zong-Long, Niu, Kai-Yang, Li, Rui-Yu, Li, Lin, Su, Xi-Jun, Li, Shu-Hong (2025): Morpho-phylogenetic analyses of two novel edible mushrooms from China and a mini review of Lyophyllum (Agaricales, Lyophyllaceae) cultivation and bioactivities. MycoKeys 112: 307-334, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.112.141615
0B170E826D405461909A7F97218AE929.text	0B170E826D405461909A7F97218AE929.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lyophyllum sinense S. M. Tang & S. H. Li 2025	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Lyophyllum sinense S. M. Tang &amp; S. H. Li sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 7 A, B, 8, 9</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The epithet “ sinense ” refers to the country “ China, ” where this fungus was first discovered.</p>
            <p>Holotype.</p>
            <p> China • Yunnan Province: Chuxiong Prefecture, Wuding County, elev. 2,119 m, 6 September 2023, Song-Ming Tang, L 5090 (HKAS 144417!).</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Pileus 2.0–3.0 cm diameter, fleshy, fragile, hemispherical, becoming convex with age, abundant black floccus on the surface, dry, dark grayish orange (# a 4 a 3 a 0) on the center, grayish yellow (# cac 4 b 0) with margin, slightly depressed of center, involute of margin; pileus context thick, 0.3–0.5 cm wide, white (# fcfcfc). Lamellae moderately close together, arcuate, subdecurrent to decurrent, broad, white (# fcfcfc), grey dark orange (# a 4 a 3 a 0) when injured, 3–4 tiers, 0.3–0.4 cm wide, edge even or entire. Stipe 3.0–4.0 × 0.9–1.8 cm, cylindrical to clavate, dark grayish orange (# a 4 a 3 a 0) points and lines on the surface, bulbous at the base, smooth; stipe context white (# fcfcfc), changing to grayish orange (# c 2 bbab) when injured. The odor and taste were not distinctive.</p>
            <p>Basidiospores [68 / 2 / 2] 6.1–8.6 × 5.5–7.1 μm, (Q = 1.0–1.3, Qm = 1.21 ± 0.12), av. 7.28 ± 0.68 × 6.07 ± 0.62 μm, quadrangular to very broadly fusiform, hyaline, smooth. Basidia 28–41 × 8–10 μm (N = 20), av. 34.6 ± 4.0 × 9.5 ± 0.53 μm, mostly 4 - spored, rarely 2 - spored, sterigmata long 2.2–3.9 μm, sometimes with basal clamp connections, clavate, siderophilous granulations. Subhymenium is composed of moderately thin-walled hyphae, 40–60 μm thick, with 2–3 layers of ovoid, fusiform to narrowly cylindrical hyphae, 5–7 × 2–4 μm. Hymenophoral trama regular, 130–180 μm wide, consisting of thin and hyaline hyphae, some with clamp connections, narrowly cylindrical hyphal elements, 4–7 μm wide. Cheilocystidia were 14–23 × 3–5 μm, av. 17.6 ± 2.4 × 4.1 ± 0.7 μm, narrowly cylindrical or narrowly clavate, thin-walled. Pleurocystidia were 10–25 × 3–6 μm in size and av. 17.2 ± 3.2 × 4.3 ± 1.1 μm, narrowly cylindrical or narrowly clavate, thin-walled. Pileipellis colorless and hyaline in 5 % KOH solution, parallel, thin-walled, almost cylindrical to subcylindrical, filamentous hyphae 2–3 μm wide. Stipitipellis composed of appressed, parallel, thin-walled, hyphae 2–4 µm wide. Clamp connections are present at some septa in the pileipellis, lamellae, and stipitipellis.</p>
            <p>Habitat.</p>
            <p> Clustered in native forests in Yunnan, associated with  Lithocarpus sp. , at the base of the trees. </p>
            <p>Edibility.</p>
            <p>This species is an edible mushroom found in the Yunnan Province.</p>
            <p>Additional species examined.</p>
            <p> China • Yunnan Province, Chuxiong Prefecture, Wuding County, elev. 2,120 m, September 18, 2023, Song-Ming Tang, paratype, L 5016, HKAS 144418 . </p>
            <p>Notes.</p>
            <p> Morphologically,  L. sinense is similar to  L. rhombisporum and  L. subalpinarum , with quadrangular to very broad fusiforms. However,  L. rhombisporum has relatively longer cheilocystidia (28–40 × 5–8 µm) and pleurocystidia (20–46 × 4–6 µm) (Li et al. 2023).  Lyophyllum subalpinarum , which lacks cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia, has a grayish-yellow pileus and hollow stipe (Wei et al. 2023). </p>
            <p> In our multi-locus phylogeny,  L. sinense was found to be closely related to  L. bulborhizum and  L. nigrum . However,  L. bulborhizum , mostly solitary, has a relatively bulbous at the stipe base; stipitipellis has abundant caulocystidia on the surface (Li et al. 2023). The ITS sequence difference between  L. sinense (L 5090, holotype) and  L. bulborhizum (L 5083, holotype) was 1.99 % (11 / 552, not including gaps).  Lyophyllum nigrum has relatively narrower lamellae (0.1–0.2 cm) and abundant caulocystidia on its surface (Li et al. 2023); the ITS sequence difference between  L. nigrum (L 5091, holotype) and  L. sinense (L 5090, holotype) was 3.62 % (20 / 552, not including gaps). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0B170E826D405461909A7F97218AE929	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Tang, Song-Ming;Yu, Feng-Ming;Karunarathna, Samantha C.;Luo, Zong-Long;Niu, Kai-Yang;Li, Rui-Yu;Li, Lin;Su, Xi-Jun;Li, Shu-Hong	Tang, Song-Ming, Yu, Feng-Ming, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Luo, Zong-Long, Niu, Kai-Yang, Li, Rui-Yu, Li, Lin, Su, Xi-Jun, Li, Shu-Hong (2025): Morpho-phylogenetic analyses of two novel edible mushrooms from China and a mini review of Lyophyllum (Agaricales, Lyophyllaceae) cultivation and bioactivities. MycoKeys 112: 307-334, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.112.141615
