identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
5AD52DCA3E58563CBAAD1D21F3756CF2.text	5AD52DCA3E58563CBAAD1D21F3756CF2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leodamas chevalieri (Fauvel 1902)	<div><p>Leodamas chevalieri (Fauvel, 1902)</p><p>Figs 2, 3, 4, 5, 6</p><p>Aricia chevalieri Fauvel, 1902: 83–86, figs 23–28.</p><p>Non Aricia chevalieri: Gravier 1906: 167, pl. II, figs 193–195; Fauvel 1919; 428–429.</p><p>Non Scoloplos (Leodamas) chevalieri: Wesenberg-Lund 1949: 322; Fauvel 1953: 308 –309, fig. 161; Amoureux 1976: 23; Ong 1995: 271, 273, 274, fig. 9.</p><p>Non Leodamas chevalieri: Al-Kandari et al. 2019: 7.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Lectotype here designated • MNHN -IA-2000-2122 . Paralectotypes: • MNHN -IA-2000-2123 (two incomplete paralectotypes); MNHN -IA-2001-160 (numerous abdominal fragments) .</p><p>Other material examined.</p><p>• ZMBN 115302 (1 spm); ZMBN 115304 (3 juveniles); ZMBN 159076 (1 spm, DNA voucher Leo 43); ZMBN 159077 (1 spm); ZMBN 159078 (1 spm); ZMBN 159079 (1 spm) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>One podal papilla in posteriormost thoracic chaetigers; thoracic neuropodia with five rows of uncini accompanied by few capillary chaetae; abdominal neuropodia with single, slightly bent, projecting aciculum.</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Estuary of Casamance River, Senegal, 6 km from the mouth, 12.589776, - 16.703020, in intertidal fine sand, slightly muddy, around rotten wood and other debris (Fig. 2).</p><p>Description (based on the type material).</p><p>Lectotype incomplete with 73 chaetigers, 44 mm in length and 0.8 mm in width of thorax. Body long, slender; thorax flattened dorso-ventrally, inflated in anterior part; abdomen cylindrical (Fig. 3 A). Color in ethanol whitish-yellow, chaetae brown. Prostomium conical, pointed (Fig. 3 B). Nuchal organs not seen. Thoracic width up to 0.9 mm in paralectotypes. Thoracic chaetigers numbering 22 (22 and 23 in paralectotypes). Branchiae starting from chaetiger 6, triangular with broad bases and tapering tips; gradually increasing in size; in abdomen becoming long, digitate, equal in length or slightly shorter than notopodia (Fig. 3 C, E). Thoracic postchaetal notopodial lobes developed from chaetiger 2, lanceolate, gradually increasing in size; in anterior abdomen lanceolate, shorter than branchiae; in posterior abdomen becoming very long, digitate, equal in length or slightly longer than branchiae (Figs 3 D, 3 E, 4 C, 4 H, 4 I). Thoracic neuropodial postchaetal lobes as low ridges, in posteriormost one or two thoracic chaetigers with low triangular podal papilla (Figs 3 D, 4 G). Abdominal neuropodia rectangular, with long triangular outer lobe and reduced inner lobe with projecting aciculum (Fig. 4 C, H, I). Parapodial flange not developed. Subpodal, stomach, and flange papillae absent. Dorsal organs not seen.</p><p>Notopodia bearing crenulated capillary chaetae in both thorax and abdomen; abdominal notopodia additionally having forked chaetae with subequal tines and pointed tips (Fig. 4 K). Thoracic neuropodia with five rows of uncini, posterior neuropodia with three or four rows; posteriormost row short, developed only in ventral part of neuropodia, curved under antecedent row (Fig. 4 D – G). In anterior and posterior thorax, anteriormost row of uncini developed only in dorsal part of neuropodia (Fig. 4 F, G).</p><p>In anterior thorax, very thin and short single capillary chaeta located dorsally in forth row; in posterior thorax, up to three or four capillaries (Fig. 4 F, G). Uncini in anterior row thicker than in posterior; hooded, slightly bent, with rounded conical tips; mostly smooth, but in chaetiger 2 serrated on anterior surface; in chaetiger 16 uncini bearing longitudinal groove subdistally (Fig. 4 E). Abdominal neuropodia with bundle of capillary chaetae and projecting aciculum, its distal end slightly bent (Fig. 4 C, H, I). Pygidium unknown.</p><p>Remarks on morphology of non-type material collected off Senegal.</p><p>The morphology of the non-type specimens agrees well with that of the type specimens, with slight differences in some characters. The main characteristics of the type and non-type material are summarized in Table 1.</p><p>The number of thoracic chaetigers is lower than in the type material, i. e., 18 (10–12 in juveniles) (Fig. 5 A). Branchiae are longer than notopodia in the anterior abdomen and equal in length or slightly shorter in the middle abdomen (Figs 5 A, 5 B, 5 D, 6 H), instead of equal in length or slightly shorter than notopodia throughout abdomen as in the type specimens. Thoracic postchaetal notopodial lobes are digitate and abdominal lobes are lanceolate (Figs 5 B, 5 D, 6 H), instead of lanceolate thoracic notopodial lobes and digitate abdominal lobes observed in the type specimens.</p><p>Dorsal organs were observed only in the non-type specimens, starting from chaetiger 8 as two horseshoe-shaped ciliated stripes (Fig. 5 A).</p><p>The anteriormost row of uncini is developed only in dorsal part of neuropodia in anterior and posterior thorax as in the type specimens but is slightly longer (Fig. 6 A, B, E). One to three capillary chaetae located dorsally in all thoracic neuropodia (Figs 5 C, 6 B, 6 D, 6 E), whilst up to four in the type specimens in posterior thorax. All uncini, except the anteriormost row, are serrated, with 2–7 low transverse crenulated ribs in the middle rows, and eight or nine ribs in the posteriormost row (Figs 5 C, 6 C, 6 F, 6 G). In the type specimens, most of uncini are smooth; only in chaetigers 2 and 3 uncini from the 2 nd to the 5 th row have eight or nine ribs. Moreover, uncini of the type specimens in chaetiger 16 show a longitudinal groove subdistally, which was not observed in the non-type material.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Since the original description by Fauvel (1902) based on material collected from the estuary of the Casamance River (Senegal, West Africa), other populations of Leodamas chevalieri have been described from different areas, with some morphological differences discussed below. Leodamas chevalieri is similar to several species inhabiting the East Atlantic, including the Mediterranean Sea, and the Indo-West Pacific, including the Arabian region (i. e., L. australiensis, L. dubius (Tebble, 1955), and Leodamas edgari sp. nov.) in having one podal papilla in the posteriormost thoracic neuropodia, five rows of uncini accompanied by few capillaries in thoracic neuropodia, and a single, curved projecting aciculum in abdominal neuropodia.</p><p>However, L. chevalieri differs from L. australiensis, L. dubius, and L. edgari sp. nov. in the degree of curvature of the aciculum in abdominal neuropodia, being slightly curved in L. chevalieri, and strongly hooked in some segments of L. australiensis, L. dubius, and L. edgari sp. nov.</p><p>There were two main differences in the morphology of L. chevalieri from various localities – the presence of forked chaetae in abdominal notopodia and smooth versus serrated thoracic neuropodial uncini. In the original description (Fauvel 1902), forked chaetae were not mentioned, and the thoracic neuropodial uncini were described as smooth. Wesenberg-Lund (1949) also did not report forked chaetae in the specimens from the Arabian Gulf. Harmelin (1969: Plate 1, Fig. 10), in the description of L. chevalieri candiensis from the Mediterranean Sea, also noted the absence of forked chaetae in the holotype, but they were present in the paratypes and are illustrated in his figure. He reported the uncini in L. chevalieri candiensis being serrated. Gravier (1906) described L. chevalieri from the Red Sea and reported 19–26 thoracic chaetigers, with forked chaetae present, and uncini having seven or eight ribs. Blake (2017: 65, Table 1) considered the absence of forked chaetae as a unique character for L. chevalieri . He also described the uncini as being straight, narrowing at the tip, blunt, with a lateral hood.</p><p>Our examination of both type and non-type specimens from Senegal confirmed the presence of forked chaetae in abdominal notopodia. They have the typical appearance of Leodamas, with subequal tines and pointed tips. The situation with serration of uncini was more complex. In the type specimen studied under SEM, the uncini were mostly smooth, serration was seen only in thoracic chaetigers 2 and 3 in 2–5 rows where the uncini bore eight or nine ribs. In the non-type specimens from Senegal, serration was much more prominent, present in all thoracic chaetigers, in 2–5 rows, from 2–7 to 8 or 9 ribs. Also, the differences in thickness between uncini in the first row and in more posterior rows appeared to be more pronounced in the non-type specimens. This different degree of serration in uncini between type and non-type specimens could be seen as an intraspecific variation.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Coastal areas of Senegal, from intertidal to 30 m (Fig. 2).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5AD52DCA3E58563CBAAD1D21F3756CF2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Meca, Miguel A.;Zhadan, Anna;Al-Kandari, Manal;Budaeva, Nataliya	Meca, Miguel A., Zhadan, Anna, Al-Kandari, Manal, Budaeva, Nataliya (2026): The widespread Leodamas chevalieri (Annelida, Orbiniidae) revealed as a species complex, with descriptions of a new species and a new record for the Arabian region. ZooKeys 1276: 61-94, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1276.173213
3F464663B94150C6815B68E976461DF2.text	3F464663B94150C6815B68E976461DF2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leodamas edgari Meca & Zhadan & Al-Kandari & Budaeva 2026	<div><p>Leodamas edgari sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 2, 7–11</p><p>Type material examined.</p><p>Holotype: • ZMMU WS 14151 (DNA voucher Leo 59) . Paratypes: • ZMMU WS 8279 (1 paratype); WS 8281 (1 paratype); ZMMU WS 8283 (6 paratypes); WS 8284 (2 paratypes); WS 8291 (12 paratypes); ZMMU WS 8299 (1 paratype); P 12378 (1 paratype); ZMMU WS 14106 (64 paratypes); ZMMU WS 14157 (4 paratypes); ZMMU WS 14164 (6 paratypes); ZMMU WS 20583 (1 paratype, DNA voucher Leo 15 E); ZMMU WS 20584 (1 paratype, DNA voucher Leo 17 E); ZMMU WS 20585 (1 paratype, DNA voucher Leo 18 E); ZMMU WS 20587 (1 paratype, DNA voucher Leo 20 E); ZMMU WS 20590 (1 paratype, DNA voucher Leo 57); ZMMU WS 20591 (1 paratype, DNA voucher Leo 58); ZMMU WS 20593 (1 paratype, DNA voucher Leo 61); ZMMU WS 20594 (1 paratype, DNA voucher Leo 62); ZMMU WS 20595 (1 paratype, DNA voucher Leo 63); ZMMU WS 20596 (1 paratype, DNA voucher Leo 64); ZMMU WS 20597 (1 paratype, DNA voucher Leo 65); ZMMU WS 20598 (1 paratype, DNA voucher Leo 32 E); ZMMU WS 20600 (1 paratype, DNA voucher Leo 34 E) .</p><p>Other material examined.</p><p>• ZMMU WS 20599 (E-voucher LEODA 025-26); ZMMU WS 8300 (6 spms).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>One podal papilla in posteriormost thoracic chaetigers; thoracic neuropodia with five rows of uncini accompanied by few capillaries; abdominal neuropodia with single, curved or strongly hooked projecting aciculum.</p><p>Type locality.</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.76499&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.379322" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.76499/lat 29.379322)">Al-Judailiat</a>, Kuwait, 29.379322, 47.764992, intertidal, muddy sand .</p><p>Description (based on the type material).</p><p>Holotype complete with 336 chaetigers (128–257 in paratypes), 55 mm in length (16–42 mm in paratypes) and 1.3 mm of thoracic width (0.9–1.4 mm in paratypes). Body long, slender; thorax flattened dorso-ventrally, inflated in anterior part; abdomen cylindrical (Figs 7 A, 9 A, 11 A). Color in ethanol whitish-yellow, chaetae brown; live worms yellow with red blood vessels seen through body wall. Thoracic chaetigers numbering 20 (16–21 in paratypes). Prostomium conical, pointed, peristomium as long as chaetiger 1 (Figs 7 B, 8 A, 9 A, 9 B, 11 B). Nuchal organs on anterior border of peristomium as transverse ciliated slits (Fig. 11 B).</p><p>Branchiae from chaetiger 6, triangular with drawn out tips; gradually increasing in size; in abdomen becoming long, digitate, longer than notopodia; ciliated on both sides excluding tips (Figs 7 B, 8 E, 9 B, 10 D, 10 F, 11 L).</p><p>Thoracic notopodial postchaetal lobes developed from chaetiger 2 (2 or 3 in paratypes), as small papillae; gradually increasing in size; in anterior abdomen lanceolate, shorter than branchiae; in posterior abdomen becoming long, digitate, shorter than branchiae; ciliated on inner side (Figs 8 E, 9 D, 10 A, 10 D, 10 F, 10 I, 11 C). Branchial bases connected with notopodial bases by low ridge with weak ciliation.</p><p>Thoracic neuropodial postchaetal lobes as low ridges, in posterior thorax, one or two posteriormost chaetigers with low triangular podal papilla (Figs 8 B, 8 C, 8 D, 9 C, 9 D, 11 C, 11 D, 11 E, 11 J). Abdominal neuropodial lobes rectangular, with long cirriform-triangular outer lobe and reduced inner lobe with single projecting curved or hooked aciculum (Figs 8 F, 8 G, 10 D, 10 E, 10 F, G I, 10 J, 11 H, 11 I). Parapodial flange not developed. Subpodal, stomach, and flange papillae absent. Ciliated lateral organs located between notopodial and neuropodial bases (Fig. 11 J).</p><p>Dorsal organs as curved oval ciliated pits located mid-dorsally (Fig. 11 M).</p><p>Notopodia bearing crenulated capillary chaetae in both thorax and abdomen; abdominal notopodia with two thin aciculae; additionally with forked chaetae with unequal tines, pointed tips and crenulated handles similar to that in capillary chaetae (Figs 10 H, 11 K).</p><p>Thoracic neuropodia with five rows of uncini and 1–3 thin capillaries disposed dorsally; first row of uncini shifted dorsally, slightly bent over second row; fifth row of uncini developed only in ventral part, bent under preceding rows (Figs 8 B, 8 C, 8 D, 9 C, 11 D, 11 E). Uncini with rounded or pointed conical tips, slightly bent, some uncini with membranous hood, other non-hooded (Figs 10 B, 10 C, 11 F). Uncini in anterior row smooth, thicker, and shorter than in posterior row where slightly or clearly serrated with up to 7 ribs (Fig. 11 D, E, F, G). Worms of smaller size with more serrated uncini than larger specimens. Abdominal neuropodia with bundle of capillary chaetae and single projecting aciculum with distal end curved or strongly hooked. Degree of curvature of neuropodial acicula differs between segments and varies from slightly curved to bent 180 ° in holotype and paratypes (Figs 8 F, 8 G, 10 D – G, 10 I, 10 J, 11 H, 11 I).</p><p>Pygidium with four short anal cirri, two dorsal and two ventral, anus terminal (Fig. 9 E, F).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Leodamas edgari sp. nov. is similar to a group of species: L. australiensis, L. chevalieri, and L. dubius in having one podal papilla in posteriormost thoracic chaetigers, five rows of uncini accompanied by few capillaries in thoracic neuropodia and a single, curved, projecting aciculum in the abdominal neuropodia. While L. edgari sp. nov. is easily distinguishable from L. chevalieri by the presence of strongly hooked aciculae in some abdominal neuropodia, the differences between L. edgari sp. nov., L. australiensis and L. dubius are subtle. The main difference between L. edgari sp. nov. and L. dubius is the branchiae starting at chaetiger 6 in the former instead of chaetiger 7 in the latter. Leodamas edgari sp. nov. also shows less capillaries in the thoracic neuropodia (1–3 dorsal capillaries) than in L. dubius (4–8 capillaries forming half a row in the dorsal part of a neuropodium). Of all the species mentioned above, L. edgari sp. nov. and L. australiensis are the closest morphologically, with only subtle differences visible under SEM. In L. edgari sp. nov., the forked chaetae have clearly unequal tapering tines, whilst in L. australiensis, the tines are subequal. Leodamas edgari sp. nov. bears a membranous hood in some thoracic uncini, whilst L. australiensis, possesses very thick hoods on neuropodial uncini of posterior thorax. Leodamas australiensis was originally described from the western Australia (Hartmann-Schröder 1979) and then was subsequently reported from the Mediterranean Sea (Sala-Mirete et al. 2023). Apart from the subtle morphological differences, genetic distances in 16 S between L. edgari sp. nov. and L. australiensis from Australia and from the Mediterranean indicate them being separate species (p-distance 10.2–12.93 %).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Kuwait Bay, Auha, Failaka, and Miscan islands (Fig. 2).</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Intertidal and upper subtidal zones, on muddy and sandy sediments.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species name is dedicated to Edgar Meca Jimenez (the first author’s brother), in recognition of his courage and determination through personal adversities.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3F464663B94150C6815B68E976461DF2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Meca, Miguel A.;Zhadan, Anna;Al-Kandari, Manal;Budaeva, Nataliya	Meca, Miguel A., Zhadan, Anna, Al-Kandari, Manal, Budaeva, Nataliya (2026): The widespread Leodamas chevalieri (Annelida, Orbiniidae) revealed as a species complex, with descriptions of a new species and a new record for the Arabian region. ZooKeys 1276: 61-94, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1276.173213
BE5CDFC6D527571783CF99E0F889DC82.text	BE5CDFC6D527571783CF99E0F889DC82.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leodamas gracilis (Pillai 1961)	<div><p>Leodamas gracilis (Pillai, 1961)</p><p>Figs 2, 12, 13</p><p>Scoloplos (Leodamas) gracilis Pillai, 1961: 22–24, figs 7 M – O, 8 A – F; Gallardo 1968: 94, pl. XL, figs 4–11; Eibye-Jacobsen 2002: 91–93, fig. 9 A – D.</p><p>Type material examined.</p><p>• NHM 1960.3.13.12 (1 paratype).</p><p>Other material examined.</p><p>• ZMMU WS 8293 (5 spms); ZMMU WS 8292 (1 spm); ZMMU WS 14160 (1 spm); ZMMU WS 14162 (46 spms); ZMMU WS 14686 (11 spms); ZMMU WS 20586 (1 spm, DNA voucher Leo 19); ZMMU WS 20588 (1 spm, DNA voucher Leo 55); ZMMU WS 20589 (1 spm, DNA voucher Leo 56); ZMMU WS 20601 (1 spm, DNA voucher Leo 35 E); ZMMU WS 20602 (1 spm, DNA voucher Leo 36 E); ZMMU WS 20603 (1 spm, DNA voucher Leo 37 E); ZMMU WS 20604 (1 spm; DNA voucher Leo 67); ZMMU WS 20605 (1 spm, DNA voucher Leo 39 E); ZMMU WS 25019 (1 spm on SEM stub); P 12379 (1 spm); Annelida 012042 (1 spm, DNA voucher Leo 22); Annelida 012052 (1 spm, DNA voucher Leo 28); Annelida 012055 (1 spm, DNA voucher Leo 23); Annelida 012059 (1 spm, DNA voucher Leo 24); Annelida 012060 (1 spm, DNA voucher Leo 30); Annelida 012061 (1 spm, DNA voucher Leo 29) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>One podal papilla in posteriormost thoracic chaetigers; thoracic neuropodia with four rows of uncini, with anteriormost row up to two or three times thicker than the other three, accompanied by few capillary chaetae; abdominal neuropodia with single, straight, projecting aciculum.</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Tambalagam Bay, Sri Lanka, 8.519585, 81.152620, at the center of the bay (Fig. 2).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Body long, slender; with 119–226 chaetigers, 15–48 mm in length, 0.5–0.8 mm of thoracic width; thorax dorso-ventrally flattened, inflated in anterior part; abdomen cylindrical (Figs 12 A, 13 A). Color in ethanol whitish-yellow, chaetae brown. Thoracic chaetigers numbering 14–17. Prostomium conical, pointed, peristomium same length as chaetiger 1 (Figs 12 B, 13 B). Nuchal organs on anterior border of peristomium as transverse ciliated slits.</p><p>Branchiae starting from chaetiger 6, narrow triangular with tapering tips; gradually increasing in size, becoming equal in length or slightly longer than notopodia in abdomen (Figs 12 B, 12 D, 12 F, 12 G, 13 B); with long cilia on both sides, not ciliated distally, ciliation continuing towards notopodia; no ciliation between branchiae (Fig. 13 L).</p><p>Developed thoracic notopodial postchaetal lobes from chaetiger 2, digitiform; gradually increasing in size; in abdomen digitiform, equal in length or slightly shorter than branchiae (Fig. 12 D, F, G). Thoracic neuropodial postchaetal lobes as low ridges, in posterior body region, one or two thoracic chaetigers with low triangular podal papilla in upper part of ridge (Figs 12 C, 13 C, 13 J). Abdominal neuropodial lobes conical, with long digitiform outer lobe and reduced inner lobe with single thick projecting aciculum (Figs 12 F, 12 G, 13 N). Parapodial flange not developed. Subpodal, stomach, and flange papillae absent.</p><p>Dorsal organs from chaetiger 6 round to oval ciliated spots (Fig. 13 B, E, M). Ciliated lateral organs between bases of notopodia and neuropodia (Fig. 13 C).</p><p>Notopodia bearing bundles of crenulated capillary chaetae in both thorax and abdomen; abdominal notopodia additionally having forked chaetae with subequal tines and pointed tips (Fig. 13 O). Thoracic neuropodia with thick anteriormost row of uncini with membranous flap-like hoods in anterior row, three other rows of uncini and few capillaries in posteriormost row (Fig. 13 C, D, G, J, K). In first chaetiger, anteriormost row slightly thicker than rest of uncini (Fig. 13 D), in chaetigers 2–5 gradually enlarging (Fig. 13 C), in other thoracic chaetigers anteriormost row two or three times thicker than rest of uncini, ~ 10 µm in diameter (Fig. 13 G, I, K). In anterior thorax, five uncini forming anteriormost row, in posterior thorax their number decreasing to two uncini in uppermost part of neuropodia (Figs 12 C, 12 D, 12 E, 13 C, 13 D, 13 G, 13 K). Uncini from second row slightly thicker and shorter than in posterior rows; hooded, slightly bent, with rounded conical tips, serrated with 8–10 ribs (Fig. 13 C, F); fourth row of uncini short, developed only in ventral part, curved under anterior rows (Fig. 13 C, H). In anterior thorax, five or six thin and long crenulated capillaries disposed in posterior row (Fig. 13 C, D); in posterior thorax, capillaries decreasing in number to one or two and located dorsally (Fig. 13 J, K). Abdominal neuropodia with bundle of capillary chaetae and single projecting thick straight aciculum; embedded part of aciculum slightly sigmoid, protruded part straight and pointed; similar to thoracic anteriormost uncini but not hooded (Figs 12 F, 12 G, 13 N).</p><p>Pygidium with four short cirri around postero-dorsally located anal aperture.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Leodamas gracilis was described from Sri Lanka by Pillai (1961) and later reported from Vietnam by Gallardo (1968) and from Thailand by Eibye-Jacobsen (2002). Specimens studied here (Fig. 1, Lineage 5) were collected from the coasts of Oman and Kuwait (Failaka and Auha Islands). Although no genetic data are available for the specimens collected from the type locality, the morphology of the studied specimens agrees well with the paratype and the previous descriptions of L. gracilis .</p><p>Leodamas gracilis belongs to a group of species characterized by straight protruding abdominal aciculae (i. e., L. brevithorax (Eibye-Jacobsen, 2002), L. cirratus (Ehlers, 1897), L. thalassae (Amoureux, 1982), and L. verax) however, it is easily distinguishable from all of them by its unique anteriormost row of large uncini, up to two or three times thicker than the uncini in the other three rows.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Tambalagam Bay, Sri Lanka; Nha Trang, South Vietnam; coastal area of Thailand, at depths of 19–38 m. Arabian region: Oman and Kuwait, intertidal.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>No habitat information was provided for Sri Lanka (Pillai 1961) and South Vietnam (Gallardo 1968) localities. In the coastal areas of Thailand, L. gracilis can be found in the subtidal zone (19–38 m), in sandy and muddy sediments, with or without shell fragments. In the Arabian region, the species can be found in the intertidal zone in muddy and sandy sediments.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BE5CDFC6D527571783CF99E0F889DC82	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Meca, Miguel A.;Zhadan, Anna;Al-Kandari, Manal;Budaeva, Nataliya	Meca, Miguel A., Zhadan, Anna, Al-Kandari, Manal, Budaeva, Nataliya (2026): The widespread Leodamas chevalieri (Annelida, Orbiniidae) revealed as a species complex, with descriptions of a new species and a new record for the Arabian region. ZooKeys 1276: 61-94, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1276.173213
19855B8B12A35095A2CCD275AA56247D.text	19855B8B12A35095A2CCD275AA56247D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leodamas Kinberg 1866	<div><p>Leodamas Kinberg, 1866</p><p>Leodamas Kinberg, 1866: 252; Blake 2000: 448; Zhadan et al. 2015: 786 – 789; Blake 2017: 48 – 52 (in part).</p><p>Scoloplos (Leodamas): Hartman 1957: 284 – 285; Pettibone 1957: 160; Day 1973: 84; Eibye-Jacobsen 2002: 87.</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Leodamas verax Kinberg, 1886, by monotypy.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>(emended from Zhadan 2020) Prostomium acutely pointed, usually prolonged. Peristomium with one achaetous peristomial ring. Branchiae simple or branched, usually present from chaetiger 5–7 and rarely from chaetiger 12. Posterior thoracic neuropodia may bear one or two podal papillae and one or two subpodial papillae. Abdominal neuropodia bilobed with reduced inner lobe. Thoracic neuropodia bearing large and numerous uncini accompanied by few crenulated capillaries, crenulated capillaries sometimes absent. Abdominal neuropodia possess robust protruding aciculae. Abdominal forked notochaetae present or absent.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Zhadan et al. (2015) and Zhadan (2020) suggested the presence of protruding robust aciculae in abdominal neuropodia as the main diagnostic character of Leodamas, whilst Blake (2017, 2020, 2021) proposed the presence of large and conspicuous uncini in the thoracic neuropodia as a diagnostic character and transferred several species of Scoloplos with such uncini to Leodamas . A phylogenetic study of Orbiniidae based on genome skimming (Meca 2025) showed the presence of large and conspicuous uncini in thoracic neuropodia being a homoplastic character found in species from four unrelated clades. In the same study, a single protruding aciculum in the abdominal neuropodia was only found in the species belonging to Leodamas sensu lato, whilst one to three embedded aciculae in the abdominal neuropodia were only found in the species from Scoloplos sensu lato . Thus, we follow Zhadan’s (2020) diagnosis which is here emended, with the addition of the character “ shape of abdominal neuropodia ” since all Leodamas species exhibit bilobed abdominal neuropodia with a reduced inner lobe which is replaced by the protruding robust aciculae.</p><p>The species of Scoloplos transferred by Blake (2017) to Leodamas, as well as the recently described Leodamas perissobranchiatus Blake, 2017 and Leodamas bathyalis Blake, 2020, showing a single embedded aciculum in abdominal neuropodia are here considered as belonging to Scoloplos until their phylogenetic position within Orbiniidae is assessed based on molecular data.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/19855B8B12A35095A2CCD275AA56247D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Meca, Miguel A.;Zhadan, Anna;Al-Kandari, Manal;Budaeva, Nataliya	Meca, Miguel A., Zhadan, Anna, Al-Kandari, Manal, Budaeva, Nataliya (2026): The widespread Leodamas chevalieri (Annelida, Orbiniidae) revealed as a species complex, with descriptions of a new species and a new record for the Arabian region. ZooKeys 1276: 61-94, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1276.173213
