taxonID	type	description	language	source
326C5E5F9A43E944FCADFBFAFB15FEAD.taxon	description	(Figs 1 – 7)	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A43E944FCADFBFAFB15FEAD.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Osmyloberotha simpla Khramov, 2021, by original designation and monotypy (Khramov, 2021: 246).	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A43E944FCADFBFAFB15FEAD.taxon	diagnosis	Revised diagnosis. Vertex without tubercles; coronal suture indistinct. Antenna short, less than half length of forewing; toruli located near level of top of eyes. Thorax without scales; pronotum short, shield-shaped, posteroventrally not fused, not elongated posteriad insertion of procoxa, dorsally without maculae; postfurcasternum absent. Forelegs cursorial; profemur ventrally without integumentary specializations (ISs); protibia ventrally without specialized setae; protarsus 5 - segmented: tarsomere 1 ventrally with two short and straight specialized setae in a row; tarsomeres 2 – 5 ventrally without specialized setae; two simple pretarsal claws; arolium sac-like, with rounded apex. Wings acute, subfalcate and elongated (about 3 times as long as wide), without scales, trichosors almost along entire wing margin (only one between each adjacent veinlets); ScP distally fused with RA, weak and reduced. Forewing recurrent humeral crossvein simple; costal crossveins all simple; pterostigma indistinct; subcostal space with more than one scp-r crossveins; generally more than three ra-rp crossveins; two series of gradates; CuA and CuP both distinctly pectinately branched, and latter longer and more developed than former (namely with more branches). Hind wing with two or three ra-rp crossveins; one or two series of gradate; 1 rp-m sigmoid; CuP with long and deep stem, but distally shortly creeping or sometimes not creeping, sometimes slightly fused with CuA (unstable). Male tergum 9 not fused with ectoprocts; sternum 9 absent; gonocoxites 9 paired, partly membranous and bearing long and soft setae, which resembles that of extant berothids in BM 1; callus cerci present and convex; gonoc oxites + gonapophyses + gonostyli 10 complex distally with three slender, short, bristle-like processes. Female tergum 9 fused with ectoprocts; gonocoxites 9 attached loosely, each anteroventrally produced as a long hypocauda.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A43E944FCADFBFAFB15FEAD.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Osmyloberotha is enigmatic and shows a phenotypic mosaic combining either plesiomorphic or apomorphic character states from other known berothid lineages. This indicates that the complex morphological evolution of berothids actually had occurred in deep time, which obscures our understandings in its definite phylogenetic status. Of these, Osmyloberotha is more similar to the two berothid genera from Kachin amber (Ansoberotha and Cornoberotha) in (i) the absence of vertical tubercles, (ii) lacking scales, (iii) wings acute, subfalcate and elongated (about three times as long as wide), (iv) recurrent humeral crossvein simple, (v) ScP distally fused with RA, (vi) all forewing costal crossveins simple proximad position of indistinct pterostigma, (vii) forewing CuA pectinate, (viii) hind wing CuP with a long and deep stem, distally shortly creeping or sometimes not, (ix) male tergum 9 separate from ectoprocts. However, Osmyloberotha can be distinguished from Ansoberotha and Cornoberotha by (i) shortened antenna, less than half length of forewing; (ii) two or more scp-r crossveins proximad of the position of indistinct pterostigma; (iii) proximal scp-r proximad of but close to the original point of RP, (iv) forewing generally with two series of gradate crossveins, (v) fore- and hind wing MP dichotomous, (vi) forewing CuP distinctly pectinately branched and as developed as forewing CuA, (vii) hind wing 1 rp-m sigmoid, proximad of the primary branching point of M, (viii) male gonocoxites 9 partly membranous, bearing long, sparse setae, (ix) female gonocoxites 9 attached loosely, each anteroventrally produced as a long hypocauda, not entirely elongate. Additionally, Osmyloberotha also display two unique characters different from all other berothids: (i) CuA, CuP, A 1 and A 2 all pectinate in forewing, similar to Osmylidae (the derivation of the name (Khramov, 2023 )) and (ii) the absence of male sternum 9.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A42E941FCADFE66FCCBF8BC.taxon	description	(Figs 1, 2)	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A42E941FCADFE66FCCBF8BC.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Holotype, ♂, NIGP 171721, amber piece polished in the form of a rectangular, transparent cabochon, with length × width about 13.95 × 7.97 mm, height about 4.86 mm (NIGP). Paratype, 1 ♂, CAM BA- 0016, amber piece also preserving a specimen of Jersiberotha sp., three flies, and a beetle; it is polished in the form of a rectangular, transparent cabochon, with length × width about 34.72 × 10.71 mm, height about 5.52 mm (CAM).	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A42E941FCADFE66FCCBF8BC.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name “ dispersa ” (Latin, meaning “ dispersed ”, “ scattered ”) refers to the evenly dispersed, irregularly shaped, dark markings on the forewing in the new species.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A42E941FCADFE66FCCBF8BC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Forewing with many evenly dispersed, irregular and dark markings. Hind wing immaculate, two incomplete gradates series. Male tergum 9 narrower than ectoprocts; gonocoxites 9 paired, large, subtriangular in lateral view, distally simple and obtuse.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A42E941FCADFE66FCCBF8BC.taxon	distribution	Locality and horizon. Hukawng Valley in Tanai Township, Myitkyina District of Kachin State, Myanmar, Lowermost Cenomanian.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A42E941FCADFE66FCCBF8BC.taxon	description	Description. Measurements and proportions. Male. Body length: 2.50 – 3.34; LP (0.30): WP (0.25) = 1.20; LP: LPT (0.78) = 0.38; LPf (0.45): LPt (0.48) = 0.94; LFW (4.72): WFW (1.60) = 2.95; LHW (4.18): WHW (1.41) = 2.96. Male. Head bearing long and soft setae. Vertex moderately domed, bearing markedly long setae. Postocular region markedly narrow in lateral view. Antenna: scape nearly cylindrical, distally slightly swollen, bearing sparse, long setae, 1.5 times as long as wide, and 1.5 times as long as pedicel; pedicel nearly as long as wide, and slightly longer than flagellomere 1; flagellum filiform, with about 33 segments; each flagellomere cylindrical, nearly as long as wide; terminal flagellomere conical, apically tapering into a point. Terminal maxillary and labial palpomeres each proximally distinctly swollen and tapering to an acute point. Thorax bearing markedly long setae. Pronotum short, nearly 1 / 3 length of pterothorax. Forelegs: profemur nearly as long as protibia; protarsus 5 - segmented: tarsomere 1 nearly as long as tarsomeres 2 – 3 combined, tarsomeres 2 – 3, 5 subequal, tarsomere 4 slightly shorter than tarsomere 3; tarsomeres 1 – 4 each distally bearing two pairs of thickened setae (spurs). Mid and hind legs similar to forelegs. Wings acute, subfalcate, branches of RP mostly distally bifurcate or simple, some trifurcate. Forewing with many evenly dispersed, irregular, dark markings; costal space narrow, not dilated; costal vein distally separate from ScP; ScA absent; recurrent humeral crossvein simple; about 48 – 51 costal crossveins along ScP, all simple; ScP distally fused with RA; subcostal space mostly with uniform width, distally narrow, with about three scp-r crossveins (one or two on its distal portion), proximal one proximad original point of RP); one to five ra-rp crossveins, distal one proximad position of indistinct pterostigma; RP originating near proximal 1 / 6 of forewing, with eight main branches proximally smooth; six-seven outer gradates, three inner gradates (absence of these developed gradates in left forewing of NIGP 171721 might be caused by poor preservation); proximal r-m absent; 1 rp-m distad of both original point both of RP and primary branching point of M; M diverging from R proximad of lm-cu; im cell with two-three main branches; 1 m-cu distinctly distal to Cu branching point; 2 m-cu distinctly distal to cua-cup; CuA nearly pectinately diverged at its distal 1 / 3, into four main branches; CuP pectinately diverged near its median into 4 – 5 main branches; A 1 pectinately diverged near forewing margin, into 2 – 4 main branches, each bifurcated or simple; A 2 pectinately diverged distally into 3 – 5 branches; A 3 simple or bifurcate. Hind wing similar to forewing, but immaculate; costal space markedly narrow, with about 41 – 46 simple crossveins along ScP; subcostal space slightly narrower, distally with one crossvein; two-three ra-rp crossveins, distal one proximad of position of indistinct pterostigma; original point of RP closer to wing base, with 7 – 8 branches; two outer gradates, three inner gradates (absence of these developed gradates in hind wings of NIGP 171721 might be dissolved during taphonomic processes); 1 rp-m sigmoid, distinctly distad original point of RP and proximad primary branching point of M; im cell with two main branches; CuA markedly long, pectinately diverged into 7 – 9 main branches (almost all distally bifurcated); CuP with long and deep stem, distally short, with 3 – 4 pectinate simple branches; A 1 distally pectinately diverged into 3 – 4 simple branches; A 2 with 3 – 4 simple, short branches; A 3 simple. Terminalia bearing dense, long, soft setae. Tergum 9 narrower than ectoprocts, not fused with ectoprocts; sternum 9 absent; gonocoxites 9 paired, large, subtriangular in lateral view, distally simple, rounded and obtuse, bearing long and soft setae, not well-sclerotized but hollowed and partly membranous as some extant berothids; ectoprocts elliptical; callus cerci present and convex. Female unknown.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A42E941FCADFE66FCCBF8BC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Osmyloberotha dispersa sp. nov. can be distinguished from O. chenzuyini sp. nov. by (i) forewing with many dark spots, and (ii) hind wing outer gradates series reduced and incomplete, consisting of only two crossveins, while in O. chenzuyini sp. nov., (i) the forewing immaculate, and (ii) the hind wing outer gradates are developed and complete, consisting of 10 crossveins. Osmyloberotha dispersa sp. nov. can be distinguished from O. magnimaculata sp. nov. by (i) size of forewing markings subequal, lacking the distinct, large marking, (ii) hind wing immaculate, (iii) hind wing with two series of incomplete gradate crossveins, (iv) fore- and hind wing MP distally with two main branches, while in O. magnimaculata sp. nov., (i) the forewing has the distinct large marking; (ii) the hind wing is macular, (iii) only with complete outer gradates, and (iv) fore- and hind wing MP distally has three main branches. Osmyloberotha dispersa sp. nov. can be distinguished from O. simpla by (i) forewing markings evenly scattered, (ii) male gonocoxites 9 large, subtriangular in lateral view and (iii) male ectoprocts elliptical, broader than tergum 9, while in O. simpla, there are only 2 – 4 dark spots arranged along medial longitudinal axis of the forewing; (ii) male gonocoxites 9 are slender, rod-like, and (iii) male ectoprocts are subtriangular and narrower than tergum 9.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A47E94FFF0FF855FEA2F965.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Holotype, ♂, BXAM-BA-NEU- 38, amber piece also preserving a beetle and a fly; it is polished in the form of an ovoid, transparent cabochon, with length × width about 23.40 × 19.72 mm, height about 5.09 mm (BXAM).	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A47E94FFF0FF855FEA2F965.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is dedicated to Prof. Zuyin Chen (Department of Mathematics, Minzu University of China).	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A47E94FFF0FF855FEA2F965.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Fore- and hind wings hyaline and immaculate, both with at least two stable gradates series (outer complete and inner incomplete). Male tergum 9 narrower than ectoprocts; gonocoxites 9 paired, large, subtriangular in lateral view, distally simple and obtuse, bearing long and soft setae; gonocoxites + gonapophyses + gonostyli 10 complex distally with three slender, short and bristle-like processes.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A47E94FFF0FF855FEA2F965.taxon	distribution	Locality and horizon. Hukawng Valley in Tanai Township, Myitkyina District of Kachin State, Myanmar, Lowermost Cenomanian.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A47E94FFF0FF855FEA2F965.taxon	description	Description. Measurements and proportions. Male. Body length: 3.82; LP (0.42): WP (0.35) = 1.20; LP: LPT (0.96) = 0.44; LPf (0.68): LPt (0.73) = 0.93; LFW (6.58): WFW (2.06) = 3.19; LHW (5.39): WHW (2.06) = 2.61. Male. Head bearing long and soft setae. Vertex moderately domed, bearing markedly long setae. Postocular region markedly narrow in lateral view. Antenna: scape nearly cylindrical, distally slightly swollen, twice as long as wide, and 1.5 times as long as pedicel; pedicel slightly longer than wide, and slightly longer than flagellomere 1; flagellum filiform, with about 38 segments; each flagellomere cylindrical, nearly as long as wide; terminal flagellomere conical, apically tapering into a point. Thorax bearing markedly long setae. Pronotum short, nearly 2 / 5 length of pterothorax. Forelegs: profemur nearly as long as protibia; protarsus 5 - segmented: tarsomere 1 nearly as long as tarsomeres 2 – 3 combined, tarsomeres 2 – 3, 5 subequal, tarsomere 4 slightly shorter than tarsomere 3; tarsomeres 1 – 4 each distally bearing two pairs of thickened setae (spurs). Mid and hind legs similar to forelegs. Wings acute, subfalcate, branches of RP mostly distally bifurcate or simple, some multifurcate. Forewing immaculate; costal space narrow, not dilated; costal vein distally separate from ScP; ScA absent; recurrent humeral crossvein simple; about 53 costal crossveins along ScP, all simple; ScP distally fused with RA; subcostal space mostly with uniform width, distally narrow, with at least four scp-r crossveins (proximal one invisible); three ra-rp crossveins, distal one proximad position of indistinct pterostigma; RP with nine main branches proximally smooth; seven outer gradates, four median gradates and another two inner gradates (possibly unstable); proximal r-m absent; 1 rp-m distad both original point both of RP and primary branching point of M; M diverging from R proximad lm-cu; im cell with two main branches; 1 m-cu distinctly distal to Cu branching point; A 1 pectinately diverged near forewing margin, into five main branches; A 2 pectinately diverged distally into four branches. Hind wing similar to forewing; costal space markedly narrow, with at least 39 simple crossveins along ScP (basally invisible); subcostal space slightly narrower, distally with two crossveins; four ra-rp crossveins, distal one proximad position of indistinct pterostigma; original point of RP closer to wing base, with seven-eight branches; ten outer gradates, three median gradates, three inner gradates; im cell with three main branches; CuA markedly long, pectinately diverged into at least 11 main branches (almost all distally bifurcated); CuP with long and deep stem, distally short, with three – four pectinate simple branches. Terminalia bearing dense, long, soft setae. Tergum 9 narrower than ectoprocts, not fused with ectoprocts; sternum 9 absent; gonocoxites 9 paired, large, subtriangular in lateral view, distally simple, rounded and obtuse, bearing long and soft setae, not well-sclerotized but hollowed and partly membranous as some extant berothids; gonocoxites + gonapophyses + gonostyli 10 complex distally with three slender, short and bristle-like processes.; ectoprocts elliptical; callus cerci present and convex. Female unknown.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A47E94FFF0FF855FEA2F965.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Osmyloberotha chenzuyini sp. nov. can be distinguished from O. magnimaculata sp. nov. by (i) wings immaculate, (ii) hind wing with at least two series of gradate crossveins, while in O. magnimaculata sp. nov., (i) the forewing is macular, and (ii) the hind wing only has one complete series of gradate crossveins (outer). Osmyloberotha chenzuyini sp. nov. can be distinguished from O. simpla by (i) forewing immaculate, (ii) male gonocoxites 9 broad, and (iii) male ectoprocts elliptical, broader than tergum 9, while in O. simpla, (i) there are two or four dark spots arranged along medial longitudinal axis of forewing; (ii) male gonocoxites 9 are slender, and (iii) male ectoprocts are subtriangular and narrower than tergum 9. The distinctions between O. chenzuyini sp. nov. and O. dispersa sp. nov. can be seen in the remarks under O. dispersa sp. nov.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A49E94CFF0FF93DFF29F85B.taxon	description	(Figs 4, 5)	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A49E94CFF0FF93DFF29F85B.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Holotype, ♀, CAU-BA-GYH- 19004, amber piece also preserving a specimen of Haploberotha carsteni Makarkin, 2018 and a click beetle; it is polished in the form of an ovoid, transparent cabochon, with length × width about 25.91 × 10.15 mm, height about 4.69 mm (CAU).	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A49E94CFF0FF93DFF29F85B.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name “ magnimaculata ” is a combination of prefix “ magn - ” (Latin, meaning “ great ”, “ large ”) and “ maculata ” (Latin, meaning “ macular ”) in reference to the large dark markings on the fore- and hind wings in the new species.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A49E94CFF0FF93DFF29F85B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Probasitarsus ventrally with two short and straight specialized setae in a row. Forewing with many dispersed, irregular, dark markings, and one distinct, large and darker marking near middle of anterior margin, extending to distally fifth RP main branch. Hind wing with four – five small dark markings on anterior margin, one large dark marking near anterodistal margin extending to distally fifth to sixth RP main branches, and another two on outer margin; one series of outer gradates. Female gonocoxites 9 each ventrally produced as a long hypocauda.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A49E94CFF0FF93DFF29F85B.taxon	distribution	Locality and horizon. Hukawng Valley in Tanai Township, Myitkyina District of Kachin State, Myanmar, Lowermost Cenomanian.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A49E94CFF0FF93DFF29F85B.taxon	description	Description. Measurements and proportions. Female. Body length: 4.28; LP (0.28): WP (0.27) = 1.04; LP: LPT (0.86) = 0.33; LPf (0.44): LPt (0.47) = 0.94; LFW (5.76): WFW (1.84) = 3.13; LHW (5.01): WHW (1.58) = 3.17. Female. Head bearing long and soft setae. Vertex distinctly domed, bearing markedly long setae; coronal suture indistinct. Postocular region markedly narrow in lateral view. Scape nearly cylindrical, distally slightly narrow, bearing sparse, long setae, 1.5 times as long as wide, and 1.5 times as long as pedicel; pedicel nearly as long as wide, and slightly longer than flagellomere 1; flagellum filiform, with about 28 segments; each flagellomere cylindrical, nearly as long as wide; terminal flagellomere conical, apically tapering into a point. Terminal labial palpomere proximally distinctly swollen and tapering to an acute point. Thorax bearing markedly long setae. Pronotum short, nearly 1 / 3 length of pterothorax. Foreleg: profemur shorter than protibia; protarsus 5 - segmented: tarsomere 1 nearly as long as tarsomeres 2 – 3 combined, ventrally with two short and straight specialized setae in a row, tarsomeres 2 – 3, 5 subequal, tarsomere 4 slightly shorter than tarsomere 3; tarsomeres 1 – 4 each distally bearing two pairs of thickened setae. Mid and hind legs similar to forelegs (two short and straight tibial ventral specialized setae in a row visible on left mid leg). Wings acute, subfalcate, branches of RP mostly distally bifurcate or simple, some trifurcate or multifurcate. Forewing with many dispersed, irregular, dark markings, and one distinct, large and darker marking near middle of anterior margin, extending to distally fifth RP main branch; costal space narrow, not dilated, costal vein distally separate from ScP; ScA absent; recurrent humeral crossvein simple; about 53 – 59 costal crossveins along ScP, all simple; pterostigma indistinct; ScP distally fused with RA; subcostal space mostly with uniform width, distally narrow, with at least three scp-r crossveins, proximal one proximad original point of RP); four to seven ra-rp crossveins, distal one proximad position of indistinct pterostigma; RP originating near proximal 1 / 6 length of forewing, with eight main branches proximally smooth; six outer gradates, two inner gradates; proximal r-m absent; 1 rp-m distad both original point of RP and primary branching point both of M; M diverging from R proximad lm-cu; im cell with three main branches; 1 m-cu distinctly distal to Cu branching point; 2 m-cu distinctly distal to cua-cup; CuA nearly pectinately diverged at its distal 1 / 4 length, into four-six main branches; CuP pectinately diverged near its median into six-seven main branches; A 1 pectinately diverged near forewing margin, into three – five main branches, mostly bifurcated or simple; A 2 pectinately diverged distally, into five simple branches; A 3 pectinately diverged distally, into four simple branches. Hind wing similar to forewing, with four – five small dark markings on anterior margin, one large dark marking near anterodistal margin extending to distally fifth to sixth RP main branches, and another two on outer margin; costal space markedly narrow, with about 44 – 48 simple crossveins along ScP; subcostal space slightly narrower, veinless; two ra-rp crossveins, distal one proximad position of indistinct pterostigma; original point of RP closer to wing base, with eight branches; eight outer gradates; 1 rp-m sigmoid, distinctly distad original point of RP and proximad primary branching point of M; im cell with three main branches; CuA markedly long, pectinately diverged into 11 main branches (almost all distally bifurcated); CuP with long and deep stem, distally short, with two main branches; A 1 distally pectinately diverged into four bifurcate or simple branches. Terminalia bearing relative dense, markedly long, soft setae; tergum 9 fused with ectoprocts, narrow, without pseudohypocaudae; gonocoxites 9 each ventrally produced as a long hypocauda; callus cerci invisible, possibly absent. Male unknown.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A49E94CFF0FF93DFF29F85B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Osmyloberotha magnimaculata sp. nov. can be distinguished from O. simpla by (i) forewing markings scattered, (ii) hind wing with only one series of gradate crossveins (outer), and (iii) hind wing with markings, while in O. simpla, there are only two or four spots along the medial longitudinal axis of forewing, and the hind wing is (ii) immaculate, with (iii) two series of gradate crossveins. The distinctions among O. magnimaculata sp. nov., O. chenzuyini and O. dispersa sp. nov. can be seen in the remarks under the latter two species.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A4AE949FF0FF838FE5BFA11.taxon	description	(Figs 6, 7)	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A4AE949FF0FF838FE5BFA11.taxon	materials_examined	Material. 1 ♀, BXAM BA-NEU- 36, amber piece also preserving a hymenopteran; it is polished in the form of a nearly rectangular, transparent cabochon, with length × width about 22.49 × 9.11 mm, height about 4.85 mm (BXAM). 1 ♂, NIGP 18053, amber piece polished in the form of a subcircular, transparent cabochon, with length × width about 16.44 × 12.96 mm, height about 3.06 mm (NIGP). 1 ♂, NIGP 18067, amber piece polished in the form of an elliptical, transparent cabochon, with length × width about 13.46 × 9.95 mm, height about 3.42 mm (NIGP). 1 ♀, NIGP 18068, amber piece polished in the form of an elliptical, transparent cabochon, with length × width about 13.48 × 10.34 mm, height about 4.42 mm (NIGP).	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A4AE949FF0FF838FE5BFA11.taxon	diagnosis	Revised diagnosis. Forewing with two or four dark spots arranged along its longitudinal axis. Hind wing immaculate, with two series of gradates crossveins. Male tergum 9 broader than ectoprocts; gonocoxites 9 paired, slender, distally simple and obtuse, bearing long and soft setae; ectoprocts subtriangular. Female gonocoxites 9 each anteroventrally produced as a long hypocauda.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A4AE949FF0FF838FE5BFA11.taxon	description	Locality and horizon. Hukawng Valley in Tanai Township, Myitkyina District of Kachin State, Myanmar, Lowermost Cenomanian. Redescription. Measurements and proportions. Body length: ♂ 3.17 – 4.47, ♀ 4.67 – 4.95; LP (♂ 0.57, ♀ 0.41 – 0.48): WP (♂ laterally compressed seriously, non-measurable, ♀ 0.33 – 0.41) = ♀ 1.17 – 1.24; LP: LPT (♂ 0.81, ♀ 0.81 – 0.91) = ♂ 0.70, ♀ 0.51 – 0.53; LPf (♂ 0.69, ♀ 0.59 – 0.61): LPt (♂ 0.76, ♀ 0.62 – 0.68) = ♂ 0.91, ♀ 0.90 – 0.95; LFW (♂ 6.99, ♀ 6.86 – 6.95): WFW (♂ 2.07, ♀ 2.22 – 2.46) = ♂ 3.38, ♀ 2.83 – 3.09; LHW (♂ 6.37, ♀ 5.94 – 6.12): WHW (♂ 1.87, ♀ 1.98 – 2.03) = ♂ 3.40, ♀ 3.00 – 3.01. Female. Head bearing long and soft setae. Vertex moderatelydomed, bearingmarkedlylongsetae. Postocular region markedly narrow in lateral view. Antenna: scape nearly cylindrical, distally slightly swollen, bearing sparse, long setae, 1.5 times as long as wide, and 1.5 times as long as pedicel; pedicel nearly as long as wide, and slightly longer than flagellomere 1; flagellum filiform, with about 39 segments; each flagellomere cylindrical, nearly as long as wide; terminal flagellomere bullet-like, apically tapering into a point, nearly as 1.5 times as long as prior one. Terminal maxillary and labial palpomeres each proximally distinctly swollen and tapering to an acute point. Thorax bearing markedly long setae. Pronotum short, nearly 3 / 4 length of pterothorax. Forelegs: profemur shorter than protibia; protarsus 5 - segmented: tarsomere 1 nearly as long as tarsomeres 2 – 3 combined, tarsomeres 2 – 3, 5 subequal, tarsomere 4 slightly shorter than tarsomere 3. Mid and hind legs similar to forelegs. Wings acute, subfalcate, branches of RP mostly distally bifurcate, some trifurcate or multifurcate. Forewing with two or four dark spots arranged along its longitudinal axis; costal space, slightly dilated, costal vein distally separate from ScP; ScA absent; recurrent humeral crossvein simple; about 58 – 63 costal crossveins along ScP, almost all simple; pterostigma indistinct; ScP distally fused with RA; subcostal space mostly with uniform width, distally narrow, with about four scp-r crossveins, proximal one proximad original point of RP; two to six ra-rp crossveins, distal one proximad position of indistinct pterostigma; RP originating near proximal 1 / 6 length of forewing, with eight – nine main branches proximally smooth; three – six outer gradates, two – four inner gradates (absence of these developed gradates might be caused by poor preservation); proximal r-m absent; 1 rp-m distad both original point both of RP and primary branching point of M; M diverging from R proximad lm-cu; im cell with two main branches; 1 m-cu distinctly distal to Cu branching point; 2 m-cu distinctly distal to cua-cup; CuA nearly pectinately diverged at its distal 1 / 3 length, into five main branches; CuP pectinately diverged near its distal 1 / 3 – 1 / 2 length, into five – seven main branches; A 1 pectinately diverged near forewing margin, into three – five main branches. Hind wing similar to forewing, but immaculate; costal space markedly narrow, with about 50 – 53 simple crossveins along ScP; subcostal space veinless; one to two ra-rp crossveins, distal one proximad position of indistinct pterostigma; original point of RP closer to hind wing base, with eight – nine branches; five – six outer gradates, three – six inner gradates or irregular (absence of these developed gradates might be caused by poor preservation); 1 rp-m sigmoid, distinctly distad original point of RP and proximad primary branching point of M; im cell with two main branches; CuA markedly long, pectinately diverged into 10 – 11 main branches (almost all distally bifurcated); CuP with long and deep stem, distally short, with one – three pectinate branches (usually simple or bifurcate); A 1 distally pectinately diverged into four simple branches; A 2 with three – four simple, short branches. Female terminalia bearing relative dense, markedly long, soft setae; tergum 9 fused with ectoprocts, broad; gonocoxites 9 each ventrally produced as a long hypocauda. Male morphology similar to female. Male genitalia bearing dense, long, soft setae. Tergum 9 dorsally broad, ventrally narrow, not fused with ectoprocts; sternum 9 reduced, possibly lost or fused with sternum 8; gonocoxites 9 paired, slender, distally simple and obtuse, bearing long and soft setae, not well-sclerotized but hollowed and partly membranous like some extant berothids; ectoprocts subtriangular, narrower than tergum 9; callus cerci invisible.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A4FE949FF0FF9D4FC56FA82.taxon	diagnosis	Revised diagnosis. Vertex with two flat lateral tubercles; coronal suture indistinct. Antenna long, 0.5 – 1.0 × length of forewing. Pronotum short, shield-shaped, posteroventrally not fused, not elongated posteriad insertion of procoxa, dorsally without maculae; postfurcasternum paired and broad, if present or visible. Profemur weakly incrassate, broadened near base or middle; profemoral ventral ISs arranged in two ISs rows (namely antero- and posteroventral rows, ISs stinger-, thorn-, saber- sometimes tubercle-shaped), both fully developed or reduced to different degrees; major process present or absent, thorn-shaped; protibial ventrally with a row of long, continuous or discontinuous, erected or flattened, straight or smoothly curved specialized setae; protarsus highly possibly 5 - segmented in both sex, tarsomere 1 nearly as long as following two or four segments combined, apically slightly produced or not, distodorsally without or with a long curved specialized setae, ventrally without or with one or two rows of erected specialized setae (sometimes only one); case of tarsomeres 2 similar to tarsomere 1; tarsomeres 3 – 5 ventrally without specialized setae; two pretarsal claws, each simple; arolium sac-like, with rounded apex. Wings not elongated, about 2.5 time as long as wide; trichosors almost along entire wings margin (only one between each adjacent veinlets); costal vein not fused with ScP; ScP distally fused with RA. Forewing recurrent humeral crossvein simple, bifurcate, simply multifurcate, subcostal space with only one scp-r crossvein; one or two ra-rp crossveins, distal one proximad fusion point of ScP and RA; M separate from R proximad 1 m-cu. Hind wing with one or two ra-rp crossveins, distal one proximad fusion point of ScP and RA; 1 rp-m upright (“ sigmoid 1 rp-m ” in Paraberotha and Spinoberotha described by Nel et al. (2005) needs further confirmation), CuP free, with stem long and deep, distally creeping or sometimes simple. Male tergum 9 separate from ectoprocts, gonocoxites 9 fused with gonocoxites 11, gonostyli 10 distally bifurcate. Female tergum 9 separate from ectoprocts; gonocoxites 9 adjoined loosely, rounded; pseudohypocaudae present; ectoprocts produced or not (with or without hypocaudae).	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A4FE949FF0FF9D4FC56FA82.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Paraberothinae includes all Cretaceous thorny lacewings (18 genera) excluding Dicranoberotha gen. nov. and Paradoxoberotha. Its monophyly still remains controversial, awaiting further investigations in the future.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A4FE956FCADFA80FEA6FD1B.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Paraberothoides longispina sp. nov.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A4FE956FCADFA80FEA6FD1B.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The generic name “ Paraberothoides ” is combination of “ Paraberotha ” (the type genus of Paraberothinae) and the suffix “ - oides ” (Greeklantinised, meaning “ similar ”), in reference to the morphological similarity between the new genus and Paraberotha Whalley, 1980.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A4FE956FCADFA80FEA6FD1B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Scape short and stout, twice as long as wide, 2.5 times as long as pedicel. Profemur long and slender, proximally slightly broadened; profemoral ISs rows both fully developed, dense, mainly stinger-shaped, markedly long, distal about 1 / 4 short saber-shaped and not gradually shortened, both rows commencing near base of profemur, without distinct major process; protibial specialized setae row fully developed, continuous, erected, straight, each over twice as long as width of protibia; protarsus: tarsomere 1 nearly as long as tarsomeres 2 – 4 combined, distodorsally with a markedly long, curved, thickened specialized setae, ventrally with three long, curved, erected setae in a row; tarsomere 2 with distodorsal setae similar to that of tarsomere 1, ventrally with only one long, curved seta. Forewing immaculate, recurrent humeral crossvein trifurcate, two ra-rp crossveins; hind wing with two ra-rp crossveins, CuP with long and deep stem, distally long and creeping.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A4FE956FCADFA80FEA6FD1B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Paraberothoides gen. nov. is similar to Paraberotha in (i) almost all profemoral ISs stinger-shaped, markedly long, (ii) without major process, (iii) protibial ventral specialized setae continuous, homogeneous, erected, straight and long, (iv) probasitarsus ventrally with one row of erected, smoothly curved specialized setae. However, it can be distinguished from Paraberotha by (i) scape short and stout, 2.5 times as long as pedicel, (ii) profemur broadened near its base (apex narrower than base), (iii) protibia slightly shorter than profemur (at least 4 / 5 length of profemur), (iv) forewing immaculate, while in Paraberotha, (i) the scape is long, over six times as long as pedicel; (ii) the profemur is broadened at 1 / 3 – 1 / 2 length of profemur (apex nearly as broad as base); (iii) the protibia is 3 / 4 – 2 / 3 length of profemur, and (iv) the forewing is macular.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A50E955FF0FFCFDFE4FFEA8.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Holotype, ♂, EMTG BU 001998, amber piece polished in the form of an ovoid, transparent cabochon, with length × width about 19.22 × 12.20 mm, height about 5.42 mm (EMTG).	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A50E955FF0FFCFDFE4FFEA8.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name “ longispina ” is a combination of the prefix “ long - ” (Latin, meaning “ long ”) and “ spina ” (Latin, meaning “ spine ”) in reference to the long stinger-shaped processes ventrally on profemur in the new species.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A50E955FF0FFCFDFE4FFEA8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Same as genus.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A50E955FF0FFCFDFE4FFEA8.taxon	distribution	Locality and horizon. Hukawng Valley in Tanai Township, Myitkyina District of Kachin State, Myanmar, Lowermost Cenomanian.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A50E955FF0FFCFDFE4FFEA8.taxon	description	Description. Measurements and proportions. Male. Body length: 4.45; LP (0.53): WP (0.49) = 1.08; LP: LPT (0.87) = 0.61; LPf (1.44): WPf (0.22) = 6.55; LPt (1.25): LPf = 0.87; LFW (4.69): WFW (1.67) = 2.81; LFPt (0.79): WFPt (0.22) = 3.59; LHW (3.57): WHW (1.29) = 2.77; LHPt (1.29): WHPt (0.22) = 5.86. Male. Head, bearing long and soft setae. Vertex moderately domed; two tubercles; coronal suture indistinct. Postocular margin narrow in lateral view. Antenna about 0.5 – 1.0 × length of forewing, but shorter than its entire length; scape short and stout, distally distinctly swollen, 2 × as long as wide, 2.5 × as long as pedicel; pedicel swollen, nearly as long as wide, nearly as long as flagellomere 1; flagellum filiform, with 53 segments; flagellomere 1 about 1.5 × as long as following one; flagellomeres each nearly as long as wide; terminal flagellomere bullet-like, 2 × as long as prior one. Terminal maxillary and labial palpomere each proximally slightly broadened, distally tapering into a point. Thorax bearing markedly long setae. Pronotum nearly 3 / 5 × length of pterothorax. Profemur long and slender, proximally slightly broadened; profemoral ISs rows fully developed, commencing near base of profemur: processes dense, mainly stinger-shaped, markedly long, near distal 1 / 4 saber-shaped, markedly short; anteroventral row with two markedly long primary processes and many secondary or shorter processes between them; without major process; posteroventral row similar to anteroventral row, but commencing slightly proximal to it, with about three primary processes; 11 protibial specialized setae, fully developed, continuous and homogeneous, erected, straight, with wide gaps, markedly long, each 2 × as long as width of protibia; protarsus 5 - segmented: tarsomere 1 long, nearly as long as tarsomeres 2 – 4 combined, distodorsally with a markedly long, thickened, curved specializedsetae, ventrallywiththreelong, curved, erected, smoothly curved setae in a row; tarsomere 2 markedly short, slightly shorter than tarsomere 4, with distodorsal setae similar to that of tarsomere 1, ventrally with only one smoothly curved seta; tarsomere 3 long, slightly shorter than tarsomeres 4 – 5 combined; two pretarsal claws, each simple; arolium sac-like, with rounded apex. Mid and hind legs bearing dense long setae; meso- and metatarsi each with tarsomere 1 slightly longer than tarsomeres 2 – 5 combined, tarsomere 2 nearly as long as tarsomeres 3 – 4 combined, tarsomeres 3 about 2 × as long as tarsomere 4, slightly longer than tarsomere 5; tarsomeres 1 – 4 each distally bearing two pairs of thickened setae. Wings elliptical, branches of RP with moderately dense apical twigging. Forewing immaculate; costal space moderately broad, costal vein distally separate from ScP; recurrent humeral crossvein trifurcate; 23 costal crossveins along ScP, about 1 / 3 bifurcate; pterostigma distinct; ScP distally fused with RA; subcostal space mostly with uniform width, with only one crossvein distinctly proximal to original point of RP; two ra-rp crossveins; RP originating at proximal 1 / 4 of forewing, with five main branches proximally smooth; four outer gradates; 1 rp-m distad both original point of RP and primary branching point of M; M proximad lm-cu not fused with R; proximal r-m absent; im cell with two main branches; 1 m-cu distinctly distal to Cu branching point; 2 m-cu distinctly distal to cua-cup; CuA nearly pectinately branched at its distal 1 / 3, with four main branches; CuP dichotomously branched at median; A 1 pectinately branched with only one branch bifurcate; A 2 distally trifurcate; A 3 simple. Hind wing similar to forewing; costal space markedly narrow, with seven proximal simple crossveins visible; costal vein distally separate from ScP; pterostigma distinct, longer, fusiform; incorporated veinlets indistinct; subcostal space narrower, veinless; original point of RP closer to hind wing base; 1 rp-m upright, distad original point of RP and proximad primary branching point of M; CuA pectinately branched, with five main branches, only one bifurcate; CuP with 10 short, simple branches. Terminalia bearing long, soft setae. Tergum 9 shorter than tergum 8, separate from ectoprocts; sternum 9 short and shallow, tapering posteriorly in lateral view, shorter than sternum 8, not surpassing ectoprocts, slightly shorter than latter; ectoprocts ovoid; callus cerci invisible. Female unknown.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A53E955FF0FFE11FB82F9C1.taxon	description	(Figs 10 – 16)	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A53E955FF0FFE11FB82F9C1.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Dicranoberotha liumohanae sp. nov.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A53E955FF0FFE11FB82F9C1.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The generic name “ Dicranoberotha ” derives from a combination of the prefix “ ΔΙκράνΟ - ” (Greek, meaning “ bifurcate ”) and “ berotha ” (typical generic name of Berothidae and Rhachiberothidae), in reference to the bifurcate major process. The bifurcate major process is unique in Rhachiberothidae, which also independently evolved in Dicranomantispa (Doratomantispinae).	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A53E955FF0FFE11FB82F9C1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Two weak tubercles; coronal suture indistinct. Antenna about 0.5 – 1.0 × length of forewing, but shorter than its entire length; flagellum filiform or moniliform. Pronotum short, shield-shaped, posteroventrally not fused, not elongated posteriad insertion of procoxa, dorsally without maculae. Profemur proximal and distal 1 / 3 length slightly broadened in lateral view; profemoral ISs reduced, sparse, thorn- to saber-shaped and gradually shortened: anteroventral row commencing near 1 / 3 length of profemur, major process present, medially diverged into two branches (each thorn-shaped), posteroventral row commencing near middle of profemur; protibia ventrally with continuous, flattened or erected, slender and smoothly curved specialized setae, less than half width of protibia, with wide gaps; protarsus 5 - segmented: ventrally without any specialized setae; tarsomere 1 markedly long, nearly as long as tarsomeres 2 – 5 combined; two pretarsal claws, each simple; arolium sac-like, with rounded apex. Fluffy membranous sac anteriad mesothorax present. Wing elliptical, not elongated, about 2.5 time as long as wide; trichosors almost along entire wing margin (only one between each adjacent veinlets), recurrent humeral crossvein bifurcate or trifurcate, ScP distally fused with RA. Forewing subcostal space proximad fusion point of ScP and RA with only one scp-r crossvein, two or three ra-rp crossveins. Hind wing with two ra-rp crossveins, 1 rp-m sigmoid, CuP with long and deep stem, distally long and creeping. Female gonocoxites 8 paired; tergum 9 fused with ectoprocts; pseudohypocaudae each strongly produced ventrad, with a extremely long process; gonocoxites 9 each anteroventrally produced as a markedly long hypocauda; gonapophyses 9 paired, large, glabrous, subtriangular and ventrally acute.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A53E955FF0FFE11FB82F9C1.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Dicranoberotha gen. nov. is markedly similar to Paradoxoberotha Nakamine, Yamamoto, Takahashi, Li & Liu in (i) forewing markings; (ii) profemoral antero- and posteroventral rows sparse, with ISs thorn-shaped and saber-shaped, gradually shortened; (iii) major process present; (iv) probasitarsus distodorsally not produced, without specialized setae; (v) hind wing 1 rp-m sigmoid; (vi) female pseudohypocaudae and gonocoxites 9 extremely produced ventrally, markedly long, (vii) female gonapophyses 9 paired, large, subtriangular. However, Dicranoberotha gen. nov. can be distinguished from Paradoxoberotha by (i) forewing recurrent humeral crossvein bifurcate or trifurcate, (ii) foreleg bearing extremely long hair, (iii) major process bifurcate, located near proximal 1 / 3 length of profemur, (iv) profemoral posteroventral row commencing near middle of profemur, (v) protibial ventral specialized setae present, (vi) probasitarsus ventrally without specialized setae, while in Paradoxoberotha, (i) the forewing recurrent humeral crossvein has five simple branches; (ii) foreleg hair is distinctly shorter; (iii) the major process is simple, near base of profemur; (iv) profemoral posteroventral row commences near base of profemur; (v) protibial ventral specialized setae is absent, and (vi) probasitarsus ventrally has only one erected straight seta. The pronounced resemblances between Dicranoberotha gen. nov. and Paradoxoberotha in their striking female genitalia and gradually shortened profemoral ventral ISs suggests their close relationships. Furthermore, the forked profemoral major process of Dicranoberotha gen. nov. represents an unprecedented morphological feature within Rhachiberothidae. All these characters are unique and distinctly distinguish them from all other rhachiberothids, and therefore, we have not yet assigned them to any existing subfamilies. They may represent a new subfamily or a markedly specialized group within Paraberothinae, and a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis with adequate sampling is needed in the future to determine the status of these two striking genera.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A53E95EFCADF9C0FEC7FF3B.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Holotype, ♀, NIGP 171723, amber piece polished in the form of an ovoid, transparent cabochon, with length × width about 23.56 × 18.97 mm, height about 3.21 mm (NIGP). Paratype, ♀, NIGP 171724, amber piece polished in the form of a sub-trapezoidal, transparent cabochon, with length × width about 15.36 × 13.36 mm, height about 7.12 mm (NIGP). Paratype, ♀, NIGP 171725, amber piece polished in the form of a subrectangular, transparent cabochon, with length × width about 15.46 × 9.85 mm, height about 4.87 mm (NIGP). Paratype, ♀, NIGP 171726, amber piece polished in the form of an elliptical, transparent cabochon, with length × width about 16.92 × 11.30 mm, height about 6.66 mm (NIGP). Paratype, ♀, NIGP 171727, amber piece polished in the form of an ovoid, transparent cabochon, with length × width about 17.52 × 9.61 mm, height about 4.39 mm (NIGP). Paratype, ♀, BXAM BA-NEU- 025, amber piece also preserving a hymenopteran; it is polished in the form of a sub-trapezoidal, transparent cabochon, with length × width about 17.35 × 12.93 mm, height about 6.75 mm (CAU). Paratype, ♀, BXAM BA-NEU- 026, amber piece polished in the form of a subtriangular, transparent cabochon, with length × width about 31.09 × 18.88 mm, height about 11.40 mm (CAU). Paratype, ♀, CAU-BA-NH- 20002 (CAU).	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A53E95EFCADF9C0FEC7FF3B.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is dedicated to Ms. Mohan Liu.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A53E95EFCADF9C0FEC7FF3B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Profemur LPf (1.55 – 1.67): WPf (0.16 – 0.19) = 8.79 – 9.69, anteroventral row with about 12 gradually shortened, thorn- to saber-shaped processes; posteroventral row with about 11 gradually shortened, thorn- to saber-shaped processes; protibia ventrally with about 10 specialized setae (proximal seven flattened, slender and distal three erected, thickened). Forewing recurrent humeral crossvein bifurcate or trifurcate, with three ra-rp crossveins, distal one distad pterostigma. Female pseudohypocaudae and hypocaudae shorter and broader than D. zhangzhiqiae sp. nov.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A53E95EFCADF9C0FEC7FF3B.taxon	distribution	Locality and horizon. Hukawng Valley in Tanai Township, Myitkyina District of Kachin State, Myanmar, Lowermost Cenomanian.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A53E95EFCADF9C0FEC7FF3B.taxon	description	Description. Measurements and proportions. Female. Body length: 3.83 – 7.32; LP (0.52 – 0.85): WP (0.47 – 0.70) = 1.11 – 1.21; LP: LPT (0.94 – 1.58) = 0.54 – 0.55; LPf (1.55 – 1.67): WPf (0.16 – 0.19) = 8.79 – 9.69; LPt (1.18 – 1.29): LPf = 0.76 – 0.77; LFW (6.04 – 7.37): WFW (2.11 – 2.68) = 2.75 – 2.86; LFPt (1.23 – 1.28): WFPt (0.27 – 0.32) = 4.00 – 4.56; LHW (4.80 – 5.96): WHW (1.79 – 2.20) = 2.68 – 2.71; LHPt (1.60 – 2.01): WHPt (0.20 – 0.30) = 6.70 – 8.00. Female. Head bearing long and soft setae. Vertex moderately domed; two tubercles; coronal suture indistinct. Postocular margin narrow in lateral view. Scape short, distally distinctly swollen, 2 – 3 × as long as wide, 3 – 4 × as long as pedicel; pedicel short, nearly as long as wide, slightly shorter than flagellomere 1; flagellum moniliform or filiform with about 72 segments; flagellomeres each rounded or cylindrical, nearly as long as wide; terminal flagellomere bullet-like, about 2 × as long as prior one. Terminal maxillary and labial palpomeres each proximally distinctly swollen and tapering to an acute point. Thorax bearing markedly long setae. Pronotum nearly half as long as pterothorax. Profemur long and slender, proximal and distal 1 / 3 length slightly broadened in lateral view, bearing extremely long and soft hair; profemoral ISs: anteroventral row commencing at proximal 1 / 3 length of profemur, basally with medially branched major process (two branches, each thorn-shaped), and about 12 sparsely arranged, gradually shortened, thorn- to saber-shaped processes; posteroventral row similar to anteroventral row, but commencing near middle of profemur, with about 11 sparsely arranged, gradually shortened, thorn- to saber-shaped processes; protibia bearing extremely long and soft hair; protibia ventrally with about 10 specialized setae, fully developed, continuous and heterogeneous, with wide gaps, proximal seven flattened or erected, slender and smoothly curved, nearly half as long as width of protibia, distal three erected, thickened, distinctly shorter than half width of protibia; protarsus: tarsomere 1 markedly long, nearly as long as tarsomeres 2 – 5 combined; tarsomere 2 slightly shorter than tarsomeres 3 – 4; tarsomere 3 – 5 subequal; two pretarsal claws, each simple; arolium sac-like, with rounded apex. Mid and hind legs bearing dense long setae; meso- and metatarsi each with tarsomere 1 distinctly longer than tarsomeres 2 – 5 combined, tarsomere 2 nearly as long as tarsomeres 3 – 4 combined, tarsomeres 3 – 5 subequal; tarsomeres 1 – 2 each distally bearing one pair of thickened setae and tarsomeres 3 – 4 each distally bearing two pairs of thickened setae; pretarsal claws and arolium similar to those of foreleg, but larger. Fluffy membranous sac anteriad mesothorax present. Wings elliptical. Branches of RP with moderately dense apical twigging. Forewing with polygonal spots on original point of RP, ra-rp crossveins, outer gradates, 2 m-cu, cua-cup and distal diverging points of longitudinal veins; costal space moderately broad; costal vein distally separate from ScP; recurrent humeral crossvein bifurcate or trifurcate; 21 – 27 costal crossveins along ScP, half to almost all branched (mostly bifurcate, sometimes several trifurcate); pterostigma distinct; ScA absent; ScP distally fused with RA; subcostal space proximad pterostigma mostly with uniform width, with only one scp-r crossvein, distinctly proximal to original point of RP; three ra-rp crossveins, distal one distad pterostigma; RP originating at proximal 1 / 4 of forewing, with five – six main branches proximally smooth; four outer gradates; 1 rp-m distal to both original point of RP and primary branching point of M; M diverging from R proximad lm-cu; proximal r-m absent; im cell with three main branches; 1 m-cu distinctly distal to Cu branching point; 2 m-cu distinctly distal to cua-cup; CuA dichotomously branched at its distal 1 / 3; CuP dichotomously branched at middle; A 1 pectinately diverged with four or five simple or bifurcate branches; A 2 pectinately diverged into three to four simple branches. Hind wing similar to forewing, but immaculate; costal space markedly narrow, proximally with 8 – 11 simple crossveins visible; costal vein distally separate from ScP; pterostigma longer, fusiform; incorporated veinlets distinct; subcostal space narrower, veinless; two ra-rp crossveins, distal one proximad pterostigma; original point of RP closer to hind wing base; 1 rp-m upright, distinctly distad original point of RP and proximad primary branching point of M; im cell with two main branches CuA pectinately branched, long, with six – seven main branches, mostly bifurcate; CuP with long and deep stem, distally long and creeping, with eight – ten branches. Terminalia similar to that of Dicranoberotha zhangzhiqiae sp. nov., but pseudohypocaudae and hypocaudae shorter and broader. Male unknown.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A53E95EFCADF9C0FEC7FF3B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Dicranoberotha liumohanae sp. nov. can be distinguished from D. zhangzhiqiae sp. nov. by (i) broader profemur (LPf: WPf = 8.79 – 9.69) (ii) protibial ventral specialized setae with proximal seven flattened or erected, slender and smoothly curved, and distal three erected, thickened, distinctly shorter than half width of protibia, (iii) forewing with three ra-rp crossveins, distal one distad pterostigma, (iv) female pseudohypocaudae and hypocaudae shorter and broader, while in D. zhangzhiqiae sp. nov., the profemur is slenderer (LPf: WPf = 13.72); (ii) protibial ventral specialized setae are all slender and smoothly curved; (iii) there are two ra-rp crossveins on forewing, distal one proximad pterostigma, and (iv) female pseudohypocaudae and hypocaudae are longer and slender.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A58E95EFF0FFED8FBC7F7E8.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Holotype, ♀, BXAM BA-NEU- 027, amber piece polished in the form of an elliptical, transparent cabochon, with length × width about 21.55 × 12.15 mm, height about 8.04 mm (CAU).	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A58E95EFF0FFED8FBC7F7E8.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is dedicated to Ms. Zhiqi Zhang.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A58E95EFF0FFED8FBC7F7E8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Profemur: LPf (1.51): WPf (0.11) = 13.72, anteroventral row with 15 gradually shortened, thorn- to saber-shaped processes; posteroventral with about 10 gradually shortened, thorn- to saber-shaped processes; protibia ventrally with about nine specialized setae, all slender and smoothly curved, less than half width of protibia. Forewing recurrent humeral crossvein bifurcate, with two ra-rp crossveins, distal one proximad pterostigma. Female pseudohypocauda and hypocaudae slenderer and longer than D. liumohanae sp. nov.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A58E95EFF0FFED8FBC7F7E8.taxon	distribution	Locality and horizon. Hukawng Valley in Tanai Township, Myitkyina District of Kachin State, Myanmar, Lowermost Cenomanian.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A58E95EFF0FFED8FBC7F7E8.taxon	description	Description. Measurements and proportions. Female. Body length: 4.84; LP (0.80): WP (laterally compressed seriously, non-measurable); LP: LPT (1.03) = 0.78; LPf (1.51): WPf (0.11) = 13.72; LPt (1.15): LPf = 0.76; LFW (5.58): WFW (2.07) = 2.70; LFPt (0.82): WFPt (0.28) = 2.93; LHW (4.56): WHW (1.85) = 2.46; LHPt (1.47): WHPt (0.21) = 7.00. Female. Head bearing long and soft setae. Vertex moderately domed. Postocular margin narrow in lateral view. Scape short, distally distinctly swollen, 3 times as long as wide, 4 times as long as pedicel; pedicel short, nearly as long as wide, similar to flagellomere 1; flagellum moniliform, with only 38 segments retained; flagellomeres each rounded, nearly as long as wide. Terminal maxillary and labial palpomeres each proximally distinctly swollen and tapering to an acute point. Thorax bearing markedly long setae. Pronotum nearly 3 / 4 length of pterothorax. Profemur long and slender, proximal and distal 1 / 3 length slightly broadened in lateral view, bearing extremely long and soft hair; profemoral ISs: anteroventral row commencing at proximal 1 / 3 length of profemur, basally with medially branched major process (two branches, each thorn-shaped), and about 15 sparsely arranged, gradually shortened, thorn- to saber-shaped processes; posteroventral row similar to anteroventral row, but commencing near middle of profemur, with about 10 sparsely arranged, gradually shortened, thornto saber-shaped processes; protibia bearing extremely long and soft hair; protibia ventrally with about nine specialized setae, fully developed, continuous and heterogeneous, with wide gaps, flattened or erected, slender and smoothly curved, less than half width of protibia, distally without short, erected, thickened setae; protarsus: tarsomere 1 markedly long, nearly as long as tarsomeres 2 – 5 combined; tarsomere 2 slightly shorter than tarsomeres 3 – 4; tarsomere 3 – 5 subequal. Mid and hind legs bearing dense long setae; meso- and metatarsi each with tarsomere 1 distinctly longer than tarsomeres 2 – 5 combined, tarsomere 2 nearly as long as tarsomeres 3 – 4 combined, tarsomeres 3 – 5 subequal; tarsomeres 1 – 2 each distally bearing one pair of thickened setae and tarsomeres 3 – 4 each distally bearing two pairs of thickened setae; pretarsal claws and arolium similar to those of foreleg, but larger. Fluffy membranous sac anteriad mesothorax present. Wings elliptical. Branches of RP with moderately dense apical twigging. Forewing with polygonal spots on original point of RP, ra-rp crossveins, outer gradates, 2 m-cu, cua-cup and distal diverging points of longitudinal veins; costal space moderately broad; costal vein distally separate from ScP; recurrent humeral crossvein bifurcate; about 18 costal crossveins along ScP, almost all branched (mostly bifurcate, sometimes several trifurcate); pterostigma distinct; ScA absent; ScP distally fused with RA; subcostal space mostly with uniform width, with only one scp-r crossvein, distinctly proximal to original point of RP; two ra-rp crossveins, distal one proximad pterostigma; RP originating at proximal 1 / 4 of forewing, with five main branches proximally smooth; four outer gradates; 1 rp-m distal to both original point of RP and primary branching point of M; M diverging from R proximad lm-cu; proximal r-m absent; im cell with three main branches; 1 m-cu distinctly distal to Cu branching point; 2 m-cu distinctly distal to cua-cup; CuA dichotomously branched at its distal 1 / 3; CuP dichotomously branched at middle; A 1 with two branches (on distally bifurcate); A 2 trifurcate. Hind wing similar to forewing, but immaculate; costal space markedly narrow, with about at least 31 crossveins visible along ScP, almost all simple; costal vein distally separate from ScP; pterostigma longer, fusiform; incorporated veinlets distinct; subcostal space narrower, veinless; original point of RP closer to wing base; 1 rpm invisible; im cell with two main branches; CuA with seven main branches, mostly bifurcate; CuP with six simple, short branches. Terminalia bearing markedly long, soft setae. Gonocoxites 8 paired glabrous; tergum 9 fused with ectoprocts, narrow; pseudohypocaudae present, strongly produced ventrad, extremely long; gonocoxites 9 each anteroventrally produced as a markedly long hypocauda, with proximal main portion narrow; gonapophyses 9 paired, large, glabrous, subtriangular and ventrally acute. Male unknown.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A5BE95BFF0FF840FDEBFE1D.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Enigmadipteromantispa dimyi Azar, Maksoud & Huang, 2020	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A5BE95BFF0FF840FDEBFE1D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Tubercles absent; coronal suture indistinct. Antenna about 0.5 – 1.0 × length of forewing, but shorter than its entire length; Pronotum short, shield-shaped, posteroventrally not fused, not elongated posteriad insertion of procoxa, dorsally without maculae. Profemur weak, not stout, proximal distinctly broadened and distally narrow in lateral view; profemoral ISs reduced, sparse, tubercle- and saber-shaped, without major process; posteroventral row commencing near 1 / 4 length of profemur; protibia ventrally with continuous, erected, smoothly curved, short specialized setae, less than half width of protibia; protarsus 5 - segmented: ventrally without any specialized setae; two pretarsal claws, each simple; arolium sac-like, with rounded apex. Forewing elliptical, immaculate; trichosors reduced, only distributed along wing apex; costal space distinctly dilated medially; recurrent humeral crossvein simple; 10 – 13 costal crossveins along ScP, almost all simple; ScP abruptly curved towards RA proximad scp-r and subcostal space distinctly broadened distally; RA with seven – eight branches, two or four bifurcate; RP with four or five main branches, several to all bifurcate distally; four outer gradates; MA simple, MP deeply bifurcate; 2 m-cu distad level of cua-cup; CuA and CuP simple; crossveins among CuP, A 1 – A 3 nearly aligned in a line.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A5DE95BFF0FFDF6FABAF7E8.taxon	description	(Figs 17, 18)	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A5DE95BFF0FFDF6FABAF7E8.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Holotype, ex, CAU-BA-GYH- 19007, amber piece polished in the form of a subrectangular, transparent cabochon, with length × width about 7.68 × 7.62 mm, height about 3.82 mm (CAU).	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A5DE95BFF0FFDF6FABAF7E8.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name “ dilatata ” (Latin) means “ dilated ” in reference to the medially dilated forewing costal space of this new species.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A5DE95BFF0FFDF6FABAF7E8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Same as genus.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A5DE95BFF0FFDF6FABAF7E8.taxon	distribution	Locality and horizon. Hukawng Valley in Tanai Township, Myitkyina District of Kachin State, Myanmar, Lowermost Cenomanian.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A5DE95BFF0FFDF6FABAF7E8.taxon	description	Description. Measurements and proportions. Male. Body length: 3.55; LP (0.30): WP (0.27) = 1.11; LP: LPT (1.23) = 0.24; LPf (0.81): WPf (0.14) = 5.79; LPt (0.61): LPf = 0.75; LFW (2.28): WFW (1.05) = 2.17. Male. Head, bearing short and soft setae. Vertex moderately domed; tubercles absent; coronal suture indistinct. Postocular margin broad in lateral view. Antenna about 0.5 – 1.0 × length of forewing, but shorter than its entire length; scape short and stout, cylindrical, 1.5 times as long as wide, twice as long as pedicel; pedicel short, nearly as long as wide, slightly shorter than flagellomere 1; flagellum filiform, with about 35 segments; flagellomeres each cylindrical, 1.5 times as long as wide; terminal flagellomere bullet-like, 1.5 times as long as prior one. Terminal maxillary and labial palpomeres each proximally distinctly swollen and tapering to an acute point. Thorax bearing soft, moderately long to short setae. Pronotum short, shield-shaped, posteroventrally not fused, nearly 1 / 4 length of pterothorax. Profemur weak, not stout, proximal distinctly broadened and distally narrow in lateral view, bearing moderately long and soft hair; profemoralISssparse, tubercle-shaped; posteroventralrow commencing near 1 / 4 length of profemur; protibia bearing soft hair shorter than that of profemur, ventrally with about 15 specialized setae, fully developed, continuous and homogeneous, with wide gaps, erected and smoothly curved, nearly half as long as width of protibia; protarsus 5 - segmented: ventrally without any specialized setae; tarsomere 1 nearly as long as tarsomeres 2 – 4 combined; tarsomeres 2 – 4 subequal; tarsomere 5 nearly as long as tarsomeres 3 – 4 combined; two pretarsal claws, each simple; arolium sac-like, with rounded apex. Mesothorax enlarged conspicuously, dorsally domed; anterolateral margins of scutum rounded; anterior portion of scutum enlarged and subtriangular, smaller than lateral portion, with median suture; mesoscutellum subtriangular, large, nearly 2 / 5 as long as mesothorax. Metathorax strongly reduced. Mid and hind legs bearing dense long setae; meso- and metatarsi each with tarsomere 1 nearly as long as tarsomeres 2 – 4 combined, tarsomeres 2 – 4 gradually shortened, tarsomere 5 nearly as long as tarsomere 2; pretarsal claws and arolium similar to those of foreleg, but larger. Forewing broad, elliptical, immaculate, branches of RP with or without apical twigging; trichosors reduced, only present on forewing apex; costal space dilated medially; costal vein distally separate from ScP; recurrent humeral crossvein simple; 13 costal crossveins along ScP, almost all simple; pterostigma indistinct; ScA absent; ScP distally separate from RA, distally strongly curved; subcostal space veinless, distinctly broadened distally; RA with seven – eight branches, two or four generally bifurcate; one ra-rp crossvein; RP originating at proximal 1 / 4 of forewing, strongly angularly curved at ra-rp, with four or five main branches proximally smooth several to all bifurcate distally); four outer gradates; 1 rp-m distad original point of RP and proximad primary branching point of M; M shortly fused with R distad lm-cu; proximal r-m absent; im cell with three simple branches; MA simple, MP deeply bifurcate; 1 m-cu distinctly proximal to Cu branching point; 2 m-cu slightly distal to cua-cup; CuA and CuP simple; A 1 deeply bifurcate near its median; A 2 and A 3 simple; crossveins among CuP, A 1 – A 3 nearly aligned in a line. Hind wing strongly reduced, haltere-like. Female unknown.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A5DE95BFF0FFDF6FABAF7E8.taxon	discussion	Remarks. We assigned Enigmadipteromantispa dilatata sp. nov. to Enigmadipteromantispa based on (i) profemur ventrally with saber-shaped setae, (ii) erected protibial ventral specialized setae, (iii) forewing reduced trichosors present, (iv) forewing costal space broad, medially dilated, (v) forewing humeral crossvein simple, (vi) forewing ScP distally abruptly curved towards RA proximad scp-r and (vii) some forewing RA and RP branches forked. E. dilatata sp. nov. can be distinguished from E. dimyi by (i) procoxa without ISs, (ii) forewing costal crossveins all simple proximad scp-r, (iii) indistinct pterostigma and (iv) forewing crossveins among CuP, A 1 – A 3 nearly aligned in a line, while in E. dimyi, (i) procoxal ISs are present; (ii) some forewing costal crossveins are bifurcate; (iii) pterostigma is distinct and (iv) forewing crossveins among CuP, A 1 – A 3 not aligned in a line.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A5FE959FF0FFB06FA6CF7EF.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Kurtodipteromantispa zhuodei Li & Liu, 2020, by original designation and monotypy (Li & Liu, 2020: 99).	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A5FE959FF0FFB06FA6CF7EF.taxon	diagnosis	Revised diagnosis. Tubercles absent; coronal suture indistinct. Antenna about 0.5 – 1.0 × length of forewing, but shorter than its entire length; Pronotum short, shield-shaped, posteroventrally not fused, not elongated posteriad insertion of procoxa, dorsally without maculae. Profemur weak to stout, proximal distinctly broadened and distally narrow in lateral view; profemoral ISs reduced, sparse, tubercle-shaped, without major process; protibia ventrally with continuous, flattened, smoothly curved, short specialized setae, less than half width of protibia. Forewing broad to narrow, elliptical, immaculate; trichosors absent or present; costal space narrow; recurrent humeral crossvein simple; 6 – 16 costal crossveins along ScP, generally all simple; ScP abruptly curved towards RA proximad scp-r and subcostal space distinctly broadened distally; RA with six – nine branches, more or less forked, not all simple; RP with four to five main branches, several to all bifurcate distally; two to five outer gradates; MA simple, MP deeply bifurcate or simple; 2 m-cu distad level of cua-cup; CuA and CuP simple; crossveins among CuP, A 1 – A 3 nearly aligned in a line or not. Male gonocoxites 9 paired, not fused with gonocoxites 11; gonostyli 10 slender, whip-shaped; ectoprocts paired, separate from tergum 9; gonocoxites 11 posteromedially without any processes. Female gonocoxites 7 paired and digitiform; gonocoxites 8 subtriangular; tergum 9 fused with ectoprocts; pseudohypocaudae present, not produced ventrad; gonocoxites 9 paired, not produced.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A5EE958FF0FFF6EFBBCF896.taxon	description	(Figs 19, 20)	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A5EE958FF0FFF6EFBBCF896.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Holotype, ♂, CAU-BA-GYH- 19008, amber piece polished in the form of a subtriangular, transparent cabochon, with length × width about 8.10 × 5.92 mm, height about 2.92 mm (CAU). Paratype, ♂, CAU-BA-GYH- 19009, amber piece polished in the form of a sub-trapezoidal, transparent cabochon, with length × width about 19.97 × 9.30 mm, height about 7.62 mm (CAU).	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A5EE958FF0FFF6EFBBCF896.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name “ relicta ” (Latin, meaning “ relict ”) refers to the reduced trichosors on forewing apex in the new species.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A5EE958FF0FFF6EFBBCF896.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Profemur weak. Forewing broad (LFW: WFW = 2.17 – 2.47), immaculate; costal space markedly narrow; six – nine simple costal crossveins along ScP; RA branches mostly distally bifurcate; RP with five main branches, two or more bifurcate; four outer gradates; MA simple, MP deeply bifurcate; crossveins among CuP, A 1 – A 3 aligned in a line.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A5EE958FF0FFF6EFBBCF896.taxon	distribution	Locality and horizon. Hukawng Valley in Tanai Township, Myitkyina District of Kachin State, Myanmar, Lowermost Cenomanian.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A5EE958FF0FFF6EFBBCF896.taxon	description	Description. Measurements and proportions. Male. Body length: 2.11 – 3.29; LP (0.27 – 0.48): WP (0.28 – 0.44) = 0.96 – 1.09; LP: LPT (0.63 – 0.73) = 0.42 – 0.66; LPf (0.67 – 0.85): WPf (0.14 – 0.16) = 4.78 – 5.31; LPt (0.48 – 0.65): LPf = 0.71 – 0.76; LFW (2.37 – 3.02): WFW (1.09 – 1.22) = 2.17 – 2.47. Male. Head, bearing short and soft setae. Vertex slightly domed; tubercles absent; coronal suture indistinct. Postocular margin narrow in lateral view. Antenna about 0.5 – 1.0 × length of forewing, but shorter than its entire length; scape short and stout, cylindrical, slightly longer than wide, twice as long as pedicel; pedicel short, nearly as long as wide, nearly as long as flagellomere 1; flagellum filiform, with about 33 segments; flagellomeres each cylindrical, 1.5 times as long as wide; terminal flagellomere bullet-like, 1.5 times as long as prior one. Terminal maxillary and labial palpomeres each proximally distinctly swollen and tapering to an acute point. Thorax bearing short and soft setae. Pronotum short, shield-shaped, posteroventrally not fused, nearly 2 / 5 – 2 / 3 length of pterothorax. Profemur weak, not stout, proximal distinctly broadened and distally narrow in lateral view, bearing moderately long and soft hair; profemoral ISs sparse, tubercle-shaped; anteroventral row reduced, commencing at middle of profemur, without major process; posteroventral row sparse, commencing near proximal 1 / 4 length of profemur; protibia bearing long, soft hair, ventrally with about 14 specialized setae, fully developed, continuous and homogeneous, with narrow gaps, flattened and smoothly curved, markedly short; protarsus 5 - segmented: ventrally without any specialized setae; tarsomere 1 nearly as long as tarsomeres 2 – 3 combined; tarsomeres 2 – 4 subequal; tarsomere 5 nearly as long as tarsomeres 3 – 4 combined; two pretarsal claws, each simple; arolium sac-like, with rounded apex. Mesothorax enlarged conspicuously, dorsally domed; anterolateral margins of scutum rounded; anterior portion of scutum enlarged and subtriangular, larger than lateral portion, with median suture; mesoscutellum subtriangular, large, slightly longer than 1 / 3 length of mesothorax. Metathorax strongly reduced. Mid and hind legs bearing dense long setae; meso- and metatarsi each with tarsomere 1 nearly as long as tarsomeres 2 – 3 combined, tarsomeres 2 – 4 subequal, tarsomere 5 nearly 1.5 times as long as tarsomere 4; tarsomeres 1 – 4 ventroapically each with one pair of thickened setae; pretarsal claws and arolium similar to those of foreleg, but larger. Forewing broad, elliptical, immaculate, branches of RP without apical twigging; trichosors reduced, only present on anterodistal margin; costal space narrow; costal vein distally separate from ScP; recurrent humeral crossvein simple; six – nine simple costal crossveins along ScP; pterostigma indistinct; ScA absent; ScP distally not (individual variation) or distinctly curved, separate from RA; subcostal space veinless, distinctly broadened distally; RA with seven – nine branches, mostly bifurcate; one ra-rp crossvein; RP originating at proximal 1 / 4 of wing, strongly angularly curved at ra-rp, with five main branches proximally smooth (half to almost all deeply bifurcate); four outer gradates; 1 rp-m distad original point of RP and proximad primary branching point of M; M shortly fused with R distad lm-cu; proximal r-m absent; im cell with three simple branches; MA simple; MP deeply bifurcate; 1 m-cu distinctly proximal to Cu branching point; 2 m-cu slightly distal to cua-cup; CuA and CuP simple; A 1 deeply bifurcate at middle; A 2 and A 3 simple; crossveins among CuP, A 1 – A 3 nearly aligned in a line. Hind wing strongly reduced, haltere-like. Terminalia bearing long, soft setae. Tergum 9 separate from ectoprocts; sternum 9 developed, shallow, plate-like, slightly longer than sternum 8, not surpassing apex of ectoprocts; gonocoxites 9 slender, distally simple and well-sclerotized, well-sclerotized; gonostyli 10 long, whip-like, curved dorsad. Female unknown.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A5EE958FF0FFF6EFBBCF896.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Kurtodipteromantispa relicta sp. nov. is unique in Kurtodipteromantispa and can be easily distinguished from all remaining species by the presence of forewing apical trichosors.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A5EE963FCADF88DFD59F965.taxon	description	(Figs 21, 22)	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A5EE963FCADF88DFD59F965.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Holotype, ♂, NIGP 173316, amber piece also preserving a dipteran; it is polished in the form of an elliptical, transparent cabochon, with length × width about 20.80 × 14.50 mm, height about 3.30 mm (NIGP).	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A5EE963FCADF88DFD59F965.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name “ univenula ” is a combination of the prefix “ uni - ” (Latin, meaning “ one ”, “ single ”) and “ venula ” (Latin, meaning “ vein ”) in reference to the simple forewing MP in the new species, which is distinctive in Dipteromantispidae.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A5EE963FCADF88DFD59F965.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Profemur stout. Forewing narrow (LFW: WFW = 2.78), immaculate; costal space markedly narrow; 12 simple costal crossveins along ScP; RA branches mostly distally bifurcate; RP with five main branches, only primary one bifurcate; five outer gradates; MA and MP simple; crossveins among CuP, A 1 – A 3 not aligned in a line.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A5EE963FCADF88DFD59F965.taxon	distribution	Locality and horizon. Hukawng Valley in Tanai Township, Myitkyina District of Kachin State, Myanmar, Lowermost Cenomanian.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A5EE963FCADF88DFD59F965.taxon	description	Description. Measurements and proportions. Male. Body length: 5.19; LP (0.59): WP (0.64) = 0.92; LP: LPT (1.42) = 0.42; LPf (1.45): WPf (0.40) = 3.63; LPt (1.03): LPf = 0.71; LFW (4.53): WFW (1.63) = 2.78. Male. Head, bearing short and soft setae. Vertex moderately domed; tubercles absent; coronal suture indistinct. Postocular margin narrow in lateral view. Antenna about 0.5 – 1.0 × length of forewing, but shorter than its entire length; scape short and stout, cylindrical, slightly longer than wide, twice as long as pedicel; pedicel short, nearly as long as wide, nearly as long as flagellomere 1; flagellum filiform, with about 58 segments; flagellomeres each cylindrical, nearly as long as wide; terminal flagellomere bullet-like, twice as long as prior one. Terminal maxillary and labial palpomeres each proximally distinctly swollen and tapering to an acute point. Thorax bearing short and soft setae. Pronotum short, shield-shaped, posteroventrally not fused, nearly 2 / 5 length of pterothorax. Profemur stout, proximal distinctly broadened and distally narrow in lateral view, bearing moderately long and soft hair; profemoral ISs tubercle-shaped, only several in posteroventral row visible; major process absent; protibia bearing soft hair shorter than that of profemur, ventrally with about 21 specialized setae, fully developed, continuous and homogeneous, with narrow gaps, flattened and smoothly curved, markedly short; protarsus 5 - segmented: ventrally without any specialized setae; tarsomere 1 nearly as long as tarsomeres 2 – 3 combined; tarsomeres 2 – 4 subequal; tarsomere 5 nearly as long as tarsomeres 3 – 4 combined; two pretarsal claws, each simple; arolium sac-like, with rounded apex. Mesothorax enlarged conspicuously, dorsally domed; anterolateral margins of scutum rounded; anterior portion of scutum enlarged and subtriangular, nearly as large as lateral portion, with median suture; mesoscutellum subtriangular, large, slightly shorter than 1 / 2 length of mesothorax. Metathorax strongly reduced. Mid and hind legs bearing dense long setae; meso- and metatarsi each with tarsomere 1 nearly as long as tarsomeres 2 – 3 combined, tarsomeres 2 – 4 subequal, tarsomere 5 slightly shorter tarsomere 4; pretarsal claws and arolium similar to those of foreleg, but larger. Forewing narrow, elliptical, immaculate, branches of RP without apical twigging; trichosors absent; costal space markedly narrow; costal vein distally separate from ScP; recurrent humeral crossvein simple; 12 simple costal crossveins along ScP; pterostigma indistinct; ScA absent; ScP distally slightly curved, separate from RA; subcostal space veinless, distinctly broadened distally; RA with nine branches, mostly distally bifurcate; one ra-rp crossvein; RP originating at proximal 1 / 4 of forewing, strongly angularly curved at ra-rp, with five main branches proximally smooth (only proximal one distally deeply bifurcate, others simple); five outer gradates; 1 rp-m distad original point of RP and proximad primary branching point of M; M shortly fused with R distad lm-cu; proximal r-m absent; im cell with two simple branches; MA and MP simple; 2 m-cu slightly distal to cua-cup; CuA and CuP simple; A 1 deeply bifurcate at middle; A 2 and A 3 simple; crossveins among CuP, A 1 - A 3 not aligned in a line. Hind wing strongly reduced, haltere-like. Terminalia bearing long, soft setae. Tergum 9 dorsally broadened, separate from ectoprocts, narrower than tergum 8; sternum 9 developed, shallow, plate-like, slightly longer than sternum 8, not surpassing apex of ectoprocts, about slightly longer than latter; gonocoxites 9 stout, subtriangular, distally simple and obtuse, well-sclerotized; gonocoxites 11 broad, not produced ventrad; ectoprocts subtriangular in dorsal view. Female unknown.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A5EE963FCADF88DFD59F965.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Kurtodipteromantispa univenula sp. nov. can be distinguished from K. relicta, K. xiai and K. zhuodei by the narrow forewing (LFW: WFW = 2.78) (LFW: WFW = 2.20 – 2.40 in K. relicta, K. xiai and K. zhuodei), simple MP (deeply bifurcate in K. relicta, K. xiai and K. zhuodei) and male ectoprocts subtriangular in dorsal view (rounded in K. relicta, K. xiai and K. zhuodei).	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A65E963FF0FF901FB37FAFC.taxon	diagnosis	Revised diagnosis. Tubercles absent; coronal suture distinct. Antenna short, less than half length of forewing. Pronotum short, shield-shaped, posteroventrally not fused, slightly elongated posteriad insertion of procoxa (making procoxa insert near middle of prothorax); postfurcasternum paired or fused, broad. Profemur stout, broadened near middle; profemoral ventral ISs arranged in two or four rows, two large pedicellate, thickened ISs rows, and two markedly short ISs rows (namely antero- and posteroventral rows, stinger-, thorn-, tubercle- and spine-shaped), both fully developed or with posteroventral row reduced; major process present or absent; protibial ventrally with short, continuous, homogeneous, flattened and smoothly curved specialized setae with narrow gaps; protarsus 4 - segmented in both sex, tarsomere 1 spinous, apically strongly produced, longer than remaining ones combined, ventrally bearing specialized setae the same as those on protibia; tarsomeres 2 – 4 ventrally without specialized setae; two pretarsal claws, each simple; arolium sac-like, with rounded apex. Wings not elongated, generally about 2.5 times as long as wide; trichosors almost along entire wing margin (only one between each adjacent veinlets, sometimes with two or more between each adjacent veinlets). Forewing recurrent humeral crossvein simple, bifurcate, simply or complicatedly multifurcate, ScP distally fused with RA, subcostal space proximad pterostigma with only one scp-r crossvein; one to three ra-rp crossveins, distal one proximad or distad fusion point of ScP and RA; M separate from or fused with R for a long distance distad 1 m-cu. Hind wing costal veins distally fused with ScP or not; one to three ra-rp crossveins, distal one proximad or distad fusion point of ScP and RA; 1 rpm sigmoid; CuP free, creeping, with stem long and deep. Male tergum 9 separate from ectoprocts; gonocoxites 9 rod-like, slender, simple or distally bearing digitiform processes; gonapophyses 9 long, rod-like; gonostyli 10 whip-like, with a broadened and thickened base. Female tergum 9 fused with ectoprocts or not; gonocoxites 9 adjoined loosely or closely, rounded or entirely elongated posteriad, sometimes as a long ovipositor.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A65E962FCADFA95FF24FBDC.taxon	description	(Figs 23, 24)	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A65E962FCADFA95FF24FBDC.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Parvosymphrasites aploneurus sp. nov.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A65E962FCADFA95FF24FBDC.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The generic name “ Parvosymphrasites ” is combination of the prefix “ parv - ” (Latin, meaning “ small ”) and “ symphrasites ” (a generic name among fossil Symphrasinae), in reference to the small body size of the new genus.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A65E962FCADFA95FF24FBDC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Postfurcasternum paired, broad. Profemoral antero- posteroventral rows fully developed, with ISs stinger-, thorn- and tubercle-shaped, without distinct major process. Trichosors almost along entire wing margin (only one between each adjacent veinlets). Forewing humeral crossvein recurrent with four simple branches; costal crossveins simple or branched (bifurcate or trifurcate); two ra-rp crossveins, distal one distad fusion point of ScP and RA; M fused with R distad lm-cu for a long distance. Hind wing costal vein distally fused with ScP for a long distance; one ra-rp crossvein, proximad fusion point of ScP and RA. Male tergum 9 separate from ectoprocts; sternum 9 broad and large, deeply scoop-like, reaching entire length along ectoprocts; gonocoxites 9 slender, bifurcate distally; gonostyli 10 whip-like, curved dorsad; ectoprocts each posteriorly tapering into a slender process.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A65E962FCADFA95FF24FBDC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Parvosymphrasites gen. nov. is similar to the extant symphrasine genera (Anchieta, Plega and Trichoscelia) in the following combination of characters (i) forewing with two ra-rp crossveins, (ii) forewing M fused with R distad lm-cu for a distance, (iii) hind wing with only one ra-rp crossvein. However, it can be distinguished from extant symphrasine genera by (i) postocular margin broad in lateral view, (ii) trichosors almost along entire wing margin (only one between each adjacent veinlets), (iii) forewing with some costal crossveins bifurcate or trifurcate, (iv) male sternum 9 deeply scoop-shaped, (v) male ectoprocts tapering and produced apically. In the extant symphrasines, (i) postocular margin is markedly narrow in lateral view; (ii) two or more trichosors are arranged between each adjacent veinlets; (iii) forewing costal crossveins are all simple; (iv) male sternum 9 is shallow, plate-like, and (v) male ectoprocts are apically rounded.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A64E96FFF0FFBB5FD11FDE6.taxon	description	(Figs 23, 24)	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A64E96FFF0FFBB5FD11FDE6.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Holotype, ♂, NIGP 171730, amber piece polished in the form of an ovoid, transparent cabochon, with length × width about 45.35 × 30.08 mm, height about 10.15 mm.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A64E96FFF0FFBB5FD11FDE6.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name “ aploneurus ” is a combination of the prefix “ aplo - ” (Greek, meaning “ simple ”) and “ neurus ” (Greek, meaning “ venation ”) in reference to simplified wing venations of the new species.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A64E96FFF0FFBB5FD11FDE6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Same as genus.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A64E96FFF0FFBB5FD11FDE6.taxon	distribution	Locality and horizon. Hukawng Valley in Tanai Township, Myitkyina District of Kachin State, Myanmar, Lowermost Cenomanian.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A64E96FFF0FFBB5FD11FDE6.taxon	description	Description. Measurements and proportions. Male. Body length: 3.95; 5.46; LP (0.51): WP (0.43) = 1.17; LP: LPT (0.88) = 0.58; LPf (1.12): WPf (0.22) = 5.09; LPt (0.82): LPf = 0.73; LFW (3.85): WFW (1.44) = 2.67; LFPt (0.68): WFPt (0.16) = 4.25; LHW (3.00): WHW (1.26) = 2.38; LHPt (0.97): WHPt (0.17) = 5.70. Male. Head. Supra-antennal area strongly domed; vertex bearing relative dense, moderately long, thick setae, strongly domed; coronal suture invisible. Postocular margin broad in lateral view. Antenna short, less than half length of forewing; scape cylindrical, slightly swollen distally, bearing long thick setae, about 3 times as long as wide, about twice as long as pedicel; pedicel slightly longer than wide, about 2 / 3 length of flagellomere 1; flagellum filiform, with 16 segments; flagellomere 1 distinctly longer than remaining each one, about twice as long as wide; flagellomeres distal to flagellomere 1 each nearly as long as wide; terminal flagellomere slightly acute distally, nearly as long as prior one. Terminal maxillary and labial palpomeres each proximally distinctly swollen and tapering to an acute point. Thorax. Pronotum, bearing sparse, long and thick setae; postfurcasternum paired, broad. Foreleg bearing moderately long and dense setae; profemoral ventral ISs arranged in four rows (two large pedicellate, thickened ISs rows, and two markedly short ISs rows (stinger-, thorn- and tubercle-shaped )): anteroventral pedicellate, thickened setae row with eight ISs, commencing near proximal 1 / 3 length of profemur, posteroventral pedicellate, thickened setae row with six ISs, commencing slightly distal to anteroventral one; antero- and posteroventral rows both fully developed and commencing near base of profemur; without major process; protibial ventrally with about 20 specialized setae; protarsus: tarsomere 1 about 1.5 times as long as remaining tarsomeres combined, ventrally with five specialized setae visible in a row; tarsomere 2 slightly longer than tarsomere 3; tarsomere 4 nearly as long as tarsomeres 2 – 3 combined. Meso- and meta tibiae mediumly brown-black; meso- and metatarsi each with tarsomere 1 as long as tarsomeres 2 – 4 combined, tarsomere 2 as long as tarsomeres 3 – 4 combined or tarsomere 5, tarsomeres 3 and 4 subequal, with tarsomeres 1 – 4 distally bearing 2, 3, 3, 4 pairs of thickened setae respectively; pretarsal claws and arolium similar to those of foreleg, but larger. Wings elliptical, branches of RP with sparse to moderately dense apical twigging. Forewing with dark markings on pterostigma, most crossveins and forewing margin (wing margin marking located on distal branches of CuA largest); trichosors almost along entire wing margin (only one between each adjacent veinlets); costal space moderately broad; costal vein distally separate from ScP; recurrent humeral crossvein with four simple branches; about ten costal crossveins visible along ScP, three branched (bifurcate and trifurcate); pterostigma distinct; ScA absent; ScP distally fused with RA; subcostal space proximad pterostigma mostly with uniform width, with only one scp-r crossvein, distinctly distal to original point of RP; two ra-rp crossveins, distal one distad fusion point of ScP and RA; RP originating near proximal 1 / 3 of forewing, with four main branches proximally smooth; four – five outer gradates; 1 rp-m distal to both original point of RP and primary branching point of M; M fused with R distad lm-cu for a moderately long distance; proximal rm absent; im cell with three – four main branches; 1 m-cu distinctly distal to Cu branching point; 2 m-cu distinctly distal to cua-cup; CuA dichotomously branched at its distal 1 / 4 length; CuP deeply bifurcate at its distal 1 / 3 length; A 1 distally bifurcate; A 2 simple; A 3 bifurcate. Hind wing similar to forewing, but immaculate; costal vein distally fused with ScP for a long distance, costal space markedly narrow, with about eight simple crossveins; subcostal space narrower, veinless, distally distinctly broadened; original point of RP closer to hind wing base; one ra-rp, proximad fusion point of ScP and RA; 1 rp-m sigmoid, distad original point of RP and proximad primary branching point of M; CuA pectinately branched, short, with three distally bifurcate branches; CuP short, creeping, with four simple branches visible; A 1 simple. Terminalia bearing relative dense, long and soft setae. Tergum 9 narrower than tergum 8, ventrally narrow, separate from ectoprocts, former half as long as latter; sternum 9 broad and large, deeply scoop-like, reaching entire length along ectoprocts, twice as long as sternum 8; gonocoxites 9 slender, bifurcate distally into two acute processes; gonapophyses 10 (hypomeres) slender, rod-like; gonostyli 10 slenderly whip-like, long, curved dorsad; gonocoxites 11 broad, concave distally in lateral view; ectoprocts anteriorly broad, each posteriorly tapering into a slender process; callus cerci invisible.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A69E96FFF0FFDBDFD19F8BC.taxon	description	(Figs 25, 26)	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A69E96FFF0FFDBDFD19F8BC.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Proplega evelynae sp. nov.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A69E96FFF0FFDBDFD19F8BC.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The generic name “ Proplega ” is combination of the prefix “ pro - ” (Latin, meaning “ before ”, “ prior ”) and “ plega ” (a generic name among extant Symphrasinae), in reference to the phylogenetic status of this new genus.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A69E96FFF0FFDBDFD19F8BC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Postfurcasternum paired, broad. Profemoral antero- posteroventral rows fully developed, with ISs stinger-, thorn- and tubercle-shaped; major process simple, saber-shaped. Trichosors almost along entire wing margin (only one between each adjacent veinlets). Forewing humeral crossvein recurrent with three – four branches (all simple or two bifurcate secondarily); forewing costal crossveins mostly branched (bifurcate or trifurcate); two ra-rp crossveins, distal one distad fusion point of ScP and RA; M separate from R proximad lm-cu. Hind wing costal vein distally fused with ScP for a long distance; one ra-rp crossvein, proximad fusion of ScP and RA. Female gonocoxites 8 glabrous, with three elliptical processes, connecting gonapophyses 8 by a markedly slender sclerite; tergum 9 separate from ectoprocts; gonocoxites 9 short, adjoined closely, broad and rounded, not elongated to an ovipositor; callus cerci present and humped.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A69E96FFF0FFDBDFD19F8BC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Proplega gen. nov. is more similar to Archaeosymphrasis and Parasymphrasites in (i) forewing with rich branched costal crossveins, (ii) forewing M diverging from R proximad 1 m-cu, (iii) female gonocoxites 9 short and rounded, not ovipositor-like. However, it can be distinguished from Archaeosymphrasis and Parasymphrasites by (i) forewingwithtwora-rpcrossveins (three in Archaeosymphrasis and Parasymphrasites), (ii) hind wing with only one ra-rp crossvein (two in Archaeosymphrasis and three in Parasymphrasites).	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A69E96CFF0FF856FD0FFA0C.taxon	description	(Figs 25, 26)	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A69E96CFF0FF856FD0FFA0C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype, ♀, BXAM BA-NEU- 032, amber piece polished in the form of a round, transparent cabochon, with length × width about 20.75 × 17.61 mm, height about 3.61 mm (BXAM). Paratype, ♀, NIGP 172730, amber piece polished in the form of a quadrilateral, transparent cabochon, with length × width about 35.02 × 27.94 mm, height about 9.28 mm (NIGP).	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A69E96CFF0FF856FD0FFA0C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is dedicated to Ms. Evelyn Cao (Chinese name: Yuxin Cao).	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A69E96CFF0FF856FD0FFA0C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Same as genus.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A69E96CFF0FF856FD0FFA0C.taxon	distribution	Locality and horizon. Hukawng Valley in Tanai Township, Myitkyina District of Kachin State, Myanmar, Lowermost Cenomanian.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A69E96CFF0FF856FD0FFA0C.taxon	description	Description. Measurements and proportions. Female. Body length 7.42 – 7.84; LP (0.59 – 1.11): WPT (0.75 – 1.02) = 0.79 – 1.09; LP: LPT (1.46 – 1.82) = 0.40 – 0.61; LPf (1.74): WPf (0.41) = 4.24; LPt (1.34): LPf = 0.77; LFW (5.51 – 5.79): WFW (2.52 – 3.14) = 1.84 – 2.19; LFPt (0.89 – 0.98): WFPt (0.26 – 0.29) = 3.38 – 3.42; LHW (4.40 – 4.54): WHW (2.21 – 2.51) = 1.81 – 1.99; LHPt (1.17 – 1.23): WHPt (0.23 – 0.27) = 4.56 – 5.89. Female. Head. Supra-antennal area strongly domed; vertex with two brown spots, bearing sparse, short, thick setae (denser on posterior portion), distinctly domed; coronal suture invisible. Postocular margin slightly produced and rounded in dorsal view. Antenna short, less than half length of forewing; scape swollen distally, bearing short thick setae, twice as long as wide, twice as long as pedicel; pedicel slightly longer than wide, 1.5 times as long as flagellomere 1; flagellum filiform, with 29 segments; flagellomeres nearly as long as wide; terminal flagellomere slightly acute distally, twice as long as prior one. Terminal maxillary and labial palpomeres each proximally distinctly swollen and tapering to an acute point. Thorax. Postfurcasternum paired, broad. Foreleg bearing long and dense setae; profemoral ventral ISs arranged in four rows (two large pedicellate, thickened ISs rows, and two markedly short ISs rows (stinger-, thorn- and tubercle-shaped )): anteroventral pedicellate, thickened setae row with 11 ISs, commencing near proximal 1 / 3 length of profemur, posteroventral pedicellate, thickened setae row with seven ISs, commencing slightly distal to anteroventral one; antero- and posteroventral rows both fully developed and commencing near base of profemur, former basally with a simple, saber-shaped major process; protibial ventrally with 16 specialized setae visible; protarsus unclear, tarsomere 1 longer than remaining tarsomeres combined. Mesotibia proximally, mediumly and distally dark brown; metatibia mediumly and distally brown-black; meso- and metatarsi with tarsomere 1 as long as tarsomeres 2 – 5 combined, tarsomere 2 as long as tarsomeres 3 – 4 combined or tarsomere 5, tarsomeres 3 and 4 subequal, tarsomeres 1 – 4 distally bearing 3, 4, 4, 5 pairs of thickened setae respectively. Pretarsal claws and arolium similar to those of foreleg, but larger. Wings elliptical, branches of RP with moderately dense apical twigging. Forewing with dark markings on pterostigma, proximal ra-rp, 2 m-cu, and forewing posterior margin; trichosors almost along entire wing margin (only one between each adjacent veinlets); costal space moderately broad; costal vein distally separate from ScP; recurrent humeral crossvein with three – four branches (all simple or two bifurcate); about 18 – 22 costal crossveins along ScP, half or more branched (bifurcate or trifurcate); pterostigma distinct; ScA absent; ScP distally fused with RA; subcostal space proximad pterostigma distinctly broadened, with only one scp-r crossvein at original point of RP; two ra-rp crossveins, distal one distad fusion of ScP and RA; RP originating near proximal 1 / 3 of forewing, with four main branches proximally smooth; four – five outer gradates; 1 rp-m distal to both original point of RP and primary branching point of M; M diverging from R proximad 1 m-cu; proximal r-m absent; im cell with four main branches; 1 m-cu distinctly distal to Cu branching point; 2 m-cu distinctly distal to cua-cup; CuA dichotomously branched at its distal 1 / 4 length; CuP deeply bifurcate near its median, all branches simple or distally bifurcate; A 1 distally bifurcate or trifurcate; A 2 bifurcate; A 3 bifurcate. Hind wing similar to forewing, but immaculate; costal vein distally fused with ScP for a long distance, costal space markedly narrow, with about 11 simple crossveins; subcostal space veinless, distally distinctly broadened; original point of RP closer to hind wing base; one ra-rp crossvein, proximad fusion of ScP and RA; 1 rp-m sigmoid, distad original point of RP and proximad primary branching point of M; CuA pectinately branched, short, with four – five branches (bifurcate, trifurcate or multifurcate); CuP short, creeping, with four – five simple branches; A 1 simple or bifurcate; A 2 bifurcate or trifurcate. Terminalia bearing relative dense, short, and moderately thick setae. Tergum 8 narrow ventrally, 2 × as long as tergum 9; gonocoxite 8 glabrous, with three elliptical processes, connecting gonapophysis 8 by a markedly slender sclerite; gonapophysis 8 nearly ovoid, slightly concave anteroventrally; tergum 9 nearly uniform in width, separate from ectoprocts, former 2 × as long as latter; gonocoxite 9 short, anteriorly narrow, posteriorly broad and rounded, not elongated to an ovipositor; ectoprocts dorsally slightly broad, ventrally markedly narrow and acute; callus cerci present and humped.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A6AE969FF0FF9CDFDABFE8C.taxon	description	(Figs 27 – 30)	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A6AE969FF0FF9CDFDABFE8C.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Mesomantispoides feliciporcus sp. nov.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A6AE969FF0FF9CDFDABFE8C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The generic name “ Mesomantispoides ” is combination of “ Mesomantispa ” (the type genus of Mesomantispinae) andthesuffix “ - oides ” (Greeklantinised, meaning “ similar ”), in reference to the morphological similarity between the new genus and Mesomantispinae.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A6AE969FF0FF9CDFDABFE8C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Tubercles absent; coronal suture indistinct. Pronotum short, shield-shaped, posteroventrally not fused; episternum fused with basisternum by precoxal bridge; postfurcasternum paired and broad. Profemur markedly stout, medially strongly broadened in lateral view; profemoral ISs reduced and sparse: anteroventral row commencing at middle of profemur, with large, simple, saber-shaped major process and about eight tubercle-shaped processes; posteroventral row similar to anteroventralrow; protibiaventrallywithspecializedsetae, fully developed, continuous and homogeneous, flattened, markedly short, thickened and smoothly curved; protarsus 5 - segmented: tarsomeres 1 – 4 each ventrally with two rows of erected and smoothly curved specialized setae; two pretarsal claws, each simple; arolium sac-like, with rounded apex. Wings not elongated, about 2.5 times as long as wide, trichosors almost along entire wing margin (only one between each adjacent veinlets); ScP distally fused with RA. Forewing humeral crossvein recurrent, complicatedly diverged into 6 – 7 branches visible, with at least one branch bifurcated secondarily; costal crossveins almost all branched (bifurcate, trifurcate or multifurcate); subcostal space proximad pterostigma with only one scp-r crossvein; two ra-rp crossveins, distal one proximad fusion point of ScP and RA. Hind wing hind wing costal distally separated from ScP, with two ra-rp crossveins, distal one proximad fusion point of ScP and RA; 1 rp-m sigmoid; CuP stem long and deep, distally long and creeping with many short simple branches. Female tergum 9 separate from ectoprocts; without pseudohypocaudae; gonocoxites 9 rounded; gonapophyses 9 paired.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A6AE969FF0FF9CDFDABFE8C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Mesomantispoides gen. nov. seems more similar to some genera of Mesomantispinae (e. g., Archaeodrepanicus, Karataumantispa, Longicollum, Ovalofemora) and and Sinuijumantispa ryonsangiensis So & Won, 2022 in (i) short prothorax, (also highly likely shield-shaped in the Mesomantispinae and Sinuijumantispa), (ii) two profemoral ISs rows, without large pedicellate, thickened ISs present in Symphrasinae, (iii) protarsus 5 - segmented, (iv) probasitarsusdistodorsally not produced and lacking specialized setae, (v) protarsal tarsomere 2 located at the apex of probasitarsus, (vi) more complicated wing venations, (vii) well-developed recurrent humeral crossvein of forewing, (viii) branched forewing costal crossveins, and (ix) ScP distally fused with RA. However, it can be distinguished from Mesomantispinae and Sinuijumantispa by (i) profemoral ISs rows reduced and sparse (fully developed, dense in Mesomantispinae and Sinuijumantispa), (ii) long major process located at the middle of profemur (near base of profemur in Mesomantispinae and Sinuijumantispa), and (iii) profemoral ISs rows commencing near middle of profemur (near base of profemur in Mesomantispinae and Sinuijumantispa). The assignment of Sinuijumantispa to Drepanicinae may require reevaluation due to the potential for misinterpretation of morphological traits (So & Won, 2022). Sinuijumantispa exhibits a combination of features commonly found in mesomantispines and symphrasines, such as a slightly elongated prothorax extending posteriorly, well-developed trichosors along the wing margin, a reduced wing length / width ratio, a recurrent humeral crossvein, and the fusion of ScP and RA distally, which differs from the separation typically seen in Drepanicinae. Notably, the characteristic major process and additional elongated processes on the profemoral ventral surface, once considered highly distinctive, are also present in Mesomantispoides gen. nov. and symphrasines. Based on these observations, we suggest revising the subfamilial classification of Sinuijumantispa and propose that it be recognized as a genus with an unresolved or basal subfamilial affiliation.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A6FE969FF0FFE85FBC7F7E8.taxon	description	(Figs 27 – 30)	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A6FE969FF0FFE85FBC7F7E8.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Holotype, ♀, NIGP 171728, amber piece polished in the form of an elliptical, transparent cabochon, with length × width about 29.02 × 16.48 mm, height about 6.71 mm.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A6FE969FF0FFE85FBC7F7E8.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name “ feliciporcus ” is the combination of “ felici - ” (Latin, meaning “ lucky ” and “ happy ”) and “ porcus ” (Latin, meaning “ pig ”) in memory of the precious type specimens we obtain. Moreover, this new species is dedicated to the first author’s friend Mr. Pengbin Xu whose nickname is “ happy pig ”.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A6FE969FF0FFE85FBC7F7E8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Same as genus.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A6FE969FF0FFE85FBC7F7E8.taxon	distribution	Locality and horizon. Hukawng Valley in Tanai Township, Myitkyina District of Kachin State, Myanmar, Lowermost Cenomanian.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A6FE969FF0FFE85FBC7F7E8.taxon	description	Description. Measurements and proportions. Female. Body length: 8.23; LP (0.93): WP (0.88) = 1.06; LP: LPT (1.83) = 0.51; LPf (1.65): WPf (0.53) = 3.11; LPt (1.26): LPf = 0.76; LFW (7.47): WFW (3.24) = 2.30; LHW (6.41): WHW (2.65) = 2.42. Female. Head bearing short and soft setae. Vertex slightly domed; tubercles absent; coronal suture indistinct. Postocular margin narrow in lateral view. Antenna incomplete; scape short, distally distinctly swollen, 2.5 times as long as wide, about three times as long as pedicel; pedicel short, nearly as long as wide, slightly longer than flagellomere 1. Terminal maxillary and labial palpomeres each proximally distinctly swollen and tapering to an acute point. Thorax bearing short setae. Pronotum short, shield-shaped, posteroventrally not fused, nearly as long as mesothorax; postfurcasternum paired and broad. Profemur markedly stout, medially strongly broadened in lateral view, bearing moderately long and soft hair; profemoral ISs: anteroventral row commencing at middle of profemur, basally with large, simple, saber-shaped major process, and about eight sparsely arranged, tubercle-shaped processes; posteroventral row similar to anteroventral row, but commencing slightly distal to former, with about eight sparsely arranged, tubercle-shaped processes; protibia ventrally with about 19 specialized setae, fully developed, continuous and homogeneous, with narrow gaps, flattened, markedly short, thickened and smoothly curved; protarsus 5 - segmented: tarsomeres 1 – 4 each ventrally with two rows of erected and smoothly curved specialized setae (tarsomere 1 with at least three, tarsomeres 2 – 4 each with one pair); tarsomere 1 nearly as long as tarsomeres 2 – 3 combined; tarsomeres 2 – 4 gradually shortened; tarsomere 5 nearly as long as tarsomeres 3 – 4 combined; two pretarsal claws, each simple; arolium sac-like, with rounded apex. Meso- and metatarsi each with tarsomere 1 slightly longer than tarsomeres 2 – 3 combined, tarsomeres 2 – 4 subequal; tarsomere 5 slightly longer than tarsomere 4; tarsomeres 1 – 4 each distally bearing two pairs of thickened setae; pretarsal claws and arolium similar to those of foreleg, but larger. Wings elliptical, branches of RP with dense apical twigging. Forewing immaculate; trichosors almost along entire wing margin (only one between each adjacent veinlets); costal space broad; costal vein distally separate from ScP; recurrent humeral crossvein complicatedly diverged into 6 – 7 branches visible, with at least one branch bifurcate; about 14 – 16 costal crossveins visible along ScP, almost all branched (bifurcate and trifurcate, some with four branches); pterostigma indistinct; ScA absent; ScP distally fused with RA; subcostal space proximad pterostigma mostly with uniform width, with only one scp-r crossvein, distinctly proximal to original point of RP; two ra-rp crossveins, distal one proximad fusion point of ScP and RA; RP originating near proximal 1 / 4 of forewing, with nine main branches proximally smooth; three – four outer gradates; 1 rp-m distal to both original point of RP and primary branching point of M; M diverging from R proximad lm-cu; proximal r-m absent; im cell with three main branches; 1 m-cu distinctly distal to Cu branching point; 2 m-cu distinctly distal to cua-cup; CuA dichotomously branched at its distal 1 / 3; CuP dichotomously branched at its proximal 1 / 3 length; A 1 complicated, pectinately diverged into six branches (proximal two trifurcate and bifurcate respectively); A 2 trifurcate; A 3 bifurcate. Hind wing similar to forewing, but immaculate; costal space markedly narrow, with about 31 crossveins visible along ScP, all simple; costal vein distally separate from ScP; subcostal space narrower, veinless; original point of RP closer to hind wing base; 1 rp-m sigmoid, distad original point of RP and proximad primary branching point of M; CuA pectinately branched, long, with about nine main branches visible, mostly bifurcate. CuP stem long and deep, distally long and creeping with many short simple branches. Female terminalia bearing markedly long, soft setae. Tergum 9 separate from ectoprocts, markedly broad, nearly twice as wide as tergum 8; pseudohypocaudae absent; gonocoxites 9 large, each ventroposteriorly with one short, slender projection; gonapophyses 9 paired, rounded and glabrous; ectoprocts markedly small, nearly elliptical. Male unknown.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A6EE976FF0FF98DFC56FDFA.taxon	description	(Figs 31 – 36)	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A6EE976FF0FF98DFC56FDFA.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Haplacantha tenuis sp. nov.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A6EE976FF0FF98DFC56FDFA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Thegenericname “ Haplacantha ” derives from a combination of the prefix “ απλo - ” (Greek, meaning “ simple ”) and “ ακάνθα ” (Greek, meaning “ spine ”), in reference to the reduced and sparse profemoral ISs rows.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A6EE976FF0FF98DFC56FDFA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Vertex with two large lateral tubercles; coronal suture distinct. Antenna short, less than half length of forewing. Pronotum short, tubular, posteroventrally fused, slightly elongated posteriad insertion of procoxa (making procoxa insert near middle of prothorax); postfurcasternum paired, broad or narrow. Profemur stout or slender; profemoral ventral ISs saber-shaped or spine-shaped: anteroventral row reduced, arranged towards the base of the profemur and extending laterally on both sides, commencing near base of profemur, basally with one simple, saber-shaped and short major process, another ISs gradually shortened, and commencing near middle of profemur; posteroventral row similar to gradually shortened ISs of anteroventral row, arranged towards the base of the profemur and extending laterally on both sides; about four – seven short, tubercle- or saber-shaped ISs scattered between the two ISs rows; protibia ventrally with short, continuous, homogeneous, flattened and smoothly curved specialized setae; protarsus 5 - segmented, tarsomeres 1 – 4 each ventrally bearing two rows of erected, angularly curved specialized setae not touching tarsal venter; two pretarsal claws, each simple; arolium sac-like, with rounded apex. Wings not elongated, about 2.5 times as long as wide; trichosors almost along entire wing margin (only one between each adjacent veinlets); ScP distally fused with RA. Forewing humeral crossvein simple or bifurcate; costal crossveins almost all branched; subcostal space proximad pterostigma with only one scp-r crossvein; two ra-rp crossveins, distal one proximad fusion point of ScP and RA. Hind wing costal vein distally separate from ScP; two ra-rp crossveins, distal one proximad fusion point of ScP and RA; 1 rpm upright, CuP short, not creeping, with stem reduced. Female tergum 9 separate from ectoprocts; gonocoxites 9 rounded, not ovipositor-like; pseudohypocaudae absent; gonapophyses 9 paired.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A6EE976FF0FF98DFC56FDFA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Haplacantha gen. nov. is distinctive within Mantispidae in antero- and posteroventral specialized setae rows both sparse, gradually shortened, arranged towards the base of the profemur and extending laterally on both sides; the presence of extra tinny setae between antero- and posteroventral rows; prothorax with tubular pronotum but slightly elongated posteriad the insertion of procoxa. While Haplacantha gen. nov. is recognized for its distinctive features within Mantispidae, detailed comparisons reveal further distinctions when contrasted with other groups within the family. This new genus demonstrates more similarities to Mesomantispoides gen. nov., Mesomantispinae, and Symphrasinae, notably in (i) prothorax slightly elongated posteriad the insertion of procoxa, (ii) rounded wings, not distinctly elongated, (iii) the presence of trichosors almost along the entire wing margin. However, it also exhibits several key differences from them in the (i) presence of two large vertical tubercles, (ii) pronotum tubular, fused posteroventrally and (iii) profemoral antero- and posteroventral rows gradually shortened, and arranged towards the base of the profemur and extending laterally on both sides. In Mesomantispoides gen. nov., Mesomantispinae and Symphrasinae, (i) vertical tubercles are absent, (ii) pronotum is shield-shaped, posteroventrally not fused, (iii) profemoral antero- and posteroventral rows are straightly extending to the base of profemur and not gradually shortened. Furthermore, it can be distinguished from Mesomantispoides gen. nov. and Mesomantispinae by (i) forewing humeral crossvein simple or bifurcate (complicatedly multifurcate, with at least one bifurcate branch in Mesomantispoides gen. nov. and Mesomantispinae), (ii) wing venations simpler (more complicated in Mesomantispoides gen. nov. and Mesomantispinae). Moreover, when examined in relation to Symphrasinae, these features further clarify the unique status of the new genus: (i) profemoral ISs arranged in two rows, sparse, (ii) without large, pedicellate, thickened setae (iii) protarsus 5 - segmented, tarsomeres 2 – 4 ventrally with two rows of angularly curved specialized setae, (iv) probasitarsus distally not produced, without minute conical specialized setae (v) hind wing CuP stem reduced. In contrast, Symphrasinae possesses (i) dense profemoral ISs arranged in four rows, (ii) two rows of unique, large, pedicellate, thickened ISs, (iii) a 4 - segmented protarsus with specialized setae only on tarsomere 1, (iv) a strongly produced, spinous probasitarsus distodorsally with minute conical specialized setae, and (v) a developed, long and deep hind wing CuP stem. Haplacantha gen. nov. may represent a potential new subfamily, serving as an intermediate between the stem group and the more derived mantispids characterized by a long tubular pronotum. Further phylogenetic studies, particularly those with comprehensive sampling, are anticipated to shed more light on its exact classification in the future.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A70E972FCADFD98FD7DFAF6.taxon	description	(Figs 31 – 33)	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A70E972FCADFD98FD7DFAF6.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Holotype, ♂, NIGP 171731, amber piece also preserving a hymenopteran; it is polished in the form of rectangular, transparent cabochon, with length × width about 16.70 × 16.64 mm, height about 5.00 mm (NIGP).	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A70E972FCADFD98FD7DFAF6.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name “ robusta ” (Latin, meaning “ robust ”) refers to the robust and stout profemur of the new species.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A70E972FCADFD98FD7DFAF6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Scape 1.5 times as long as wide, 1.5 times as long as pedicel; pedicel stout, slightly longer than wide. Profemur markedly stout, about three times as long as wide; profemoral ventral ISs saber-shaped or spine-shaped, gradually shortened: anteroventral row with 12 short ISs far from major process; posteroventral row with 15 short ISs; about five extremely short, tubercle-shaped ISs scattered between antero- and posteroventral rows.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A70E972FCADFD98FD7DFAF6.taxon	distribution	Locality and horizon. Hukawng Valley in Tanai Township, Myitkyina District of Kachin State, Myanmar, Lowermost Cenomanian.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A70E972FCADFD98FD7DFAF6.taxon	description	Description. Measurements and proportions. Male. Body length: 5.46; LP (0.93): WP (0.84) = 1.11; LP: LPT (1.37) = 0.68; LPf (1.54): WPf (0.47) = 3.28; LPt (1.19): LPf = 0.77; LFW (6.11): WFW (2.56) = 2.39; LFPt (0.69): WFPt (0.32) = 2.16; LHW (5.16): WHW (1.94) = 2.66; LHPt (1.24): WHPt (0.29) = 4.28. Male. Head. Vertex bearing sparse, moderately long and thick setae, moderately domed; coronal suture distinct. Postocular margin narrow in lateral view. Scape swollen distally, conical, bearing short thick setae, 1.5 times as long as wide, 1.5 times as long as pedicel; pedicel slightly longer than wide, stout, nearly twice as long as flagellomere 1; flagellum filiform, with 33 segments; flagellomeres nearly as long as wide; terminal flagellomere bullet-like, slightly acute distally, slightly longer than prior one. Terminal maxillary and labial palpomeres each proximally distinctly swollen and tapering to an acute point. Thorax. Foreleg bearing long and sparse setae; profemur markedly stout; profemoral ventral ISs saber-shaped or spine-shaped: anteroventral row reduced, commencing near base of profemur, basally with one simple, saber-shaped and short major process, another 12 ISs (far from major process, commencing near middle of profemur) short and gradually shortened; posteroventral row reduced, sparse, commencing near middle of profemur, with 15 short ISs gradually shortened; about five extremely short, tubercle-shaped ISs scattered between antero- and posteroventral rows, near proximal 1 / 3 of profemur; protibial ventrally with 17 specialized setae; protarsus: tarsomere 1 with three, tarsomere 2 with four, tarsomeres 3 – 4 each with two specialized setae; tarsomere 1 slightly longer than tarsomere 2; tarsomere 2 nearly as long as tarsomeres 3 – 4 combined, tarsomere 5 nearly as long as tarsomere 2. Meso- and metatarsi with tarsomere 1 slightly shorter than tarsomeres 2 – 5 combined, tarsomeres 2 – 4 subequal, tarsomere 5 nearly as long as tarsomeres 3 – 4 combined, tarsomeres 1 – 4 each distally bearing two pairs of thickened setae. Pretarsal claws and arolium similar to those of foreleg, but larger. Wings elliptical, branches of RP with moderately dense apical twigging. Forewing with dark markings on pterostigma, almost all crossveins and forewing posterior margin; costal space distinctly broad; costal vein distally separate from ScP; humeral crossvein simple or bifurcate; about 18 – 20 costal crossveins along ScP, half or more branched (bifurcate or trifurcate, few multifurcate); pterostigma distinct; ScA absent; subcostal space proximad pterostigma distinctly broadened, with only one scp-r crossvein slightly proximad original point of RP; two ra-rp crossveins, distal one proximad fusion point of ScP and RA; RP originating near proximal 1 / 4 of wing, with five main branches proximally smooth; six outer gradates; 1 rp-m distal to both original point of RP and primary branching point of M; M diverging from R proximad lm-cu; proximal r-m absent; im cell with three main branches; 1 m-cu distinctly distal to Cu branching point; 2 m-cu distinctly distal to cua-cup; CuA nearly pectinately diverged near its distal 1 / 3 length into three or four main branches; CuP deeply dichotomously branched near its proximal 1 / 3; A 1 deeply dichotomously branched at middle (each branch simple, bifurcate or trifurcate); A 2 simple or bifurcate. Hind wing similar to forewing, but immaculate; costal space markedly narrow, with about 10 simple crossveins visible; costal vein distally separate from ScP; subcostal space veinless, mostly with uniform width; original point of RP closer to hind wing base; two ra-rp crossveins, distal one proximad fusion point of ScP and RA; 1 rp-m upright, distad original point of RP and slightly proximad primary branching point of M; CuA pectinately branched, long, with eight branches, mostly bifurcate; CuP short, not creeping, distally bifurcate, with stem reduced; A 1 distally with two main branches; A 2 distally bifurcate. Terminalia with ectoprocts and sternum 9 faintly visible. Female unknown.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A70E972FCADFD98FD7DFAF6.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Haplacantha robusta sp. nov. can be distinguished by (i) scape short and stout, 1.5 times as long as wide, (ii) profemur markedly stout (LPf: WPf = 3.28), (iii) profemoral ISs mostly short, (iv) additional ISs between profemoral rows extremely short and tubercle-shaped from H. tenuis sp. nov.. In contrast, H. tenuis sp. nov. exhibits (i) a scape twice as long as wide, (ii) a more slender profemur, with a length to width ratio (LPf: WPf) ranging from 6.62 to 7.22, (iii) longer profemoral ISs, and (iv) additional ISs that are long and saber-shaped.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A74E97EFF0FFA93FF38FCF9.taxon	description	(Figs 34 – 36)	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A74E97EFF0FFA93FF38FCF9.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Holotype, ♀, NIGP 171732, amber piece polished in the form of a semicircular, transparent cabochon, with length × width about 18.89 × 17.83 mm, height about 8.02 mm (NIGP). Paratype, ♂, NIGP 171733, amber piece also preserving a dipteran and a beetle; it is polished in the form of an elliptical, transparent cabochon, with length × width about 23.68 × 16.04 mm, height about 5.40 mm (NIGP).	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A74E97EFF0FFA93FF38FCF9.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name “ tenuis ” (Latin, meaning “ thin ”, “ slender ”) refers to the slender and thin profemur of the new species.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A74E97EFF0FFA93FF38FCF9.taxon	distribution	Locality and horizon. Hukawng Valley in Tanai Township, Myitkyina District of Kachin State, Myanmar, Lowermost Cenomanian.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A74E97EFF0FFA93FF38FCF9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Scape twice as long as wide, 1.5 times as long as pedicel; pedicel nearly twice as long as wide. Profemur slender; profemoral ventral ISs saber-shaped: anteroventral row with 11 – 17 long ISs far from major process; posteroventral row with 11 long ISs; about four – seven extremely short, saber-shaped ISs scattered between antero- and posteroventral rows.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
326C5E5F9A74E97EFF0FFA93FF38FCF9.taxon	description	Description. Measurements and proportions. Body length: ♂ 6.73, ♀ 5.96; LP (♂ 0.75, ♀ 0.80): WP (♂ 0.51, ♀ 0.49) = ♂ 1.47, ♀ 1.63; LP: LPT (♂ 1.26, ♀ 1.36) = ♂ 0.60, ♀ 0.59; LPf (♂ 1.72 ♀ 1.66): WPf (♂ 0.26, ♀ 0.23) = ♂ 6.62, ♀ 7.22; LPt (♂ 1.27, ♀ 1.25): LPf = ♂ 0.74, ♀ 0.75; LFW (♂ 7.73, ♀ 6.53): WFW (♂ 2.83, ♀ 2.31) = ♂ 2.73, ♀ 2.83; LFPt (♂ 1.21, ♀ 0.86): WFPt (♂ 0.41, ♀ 0.30) = ♂ 2.95, ♀ 2.87; LHW (♂ 7.01 ♀ 5.45): WHW (♂ 2.51, ♀ 2.01) = ♂ 2.79, ♀ 2.71; LHPt (♂ 1.70, ♀ 1.56): WHPt (♂ 0.25, ♀ 0.31) = ♂ 6.80, ♀ 5.03. Male. Head. Vertex bearing sparse, moderately long and soft setae, moderately domed; coronal suture invisible. Postocular margin broad in lateral view. Scape swollen distally, conical, bearing short thick setae, twice as long as wide, 1.5 times as long as pedicel; pedicel nearly twice as long as wide, stout, nearly twice as long as flagellomere 1; flagellum filiform, with about 27 segments; flagellomeres nearly as long as wide; terminal flagellomere bullet-like, slightly acute distally, slightly longer than prior one. Terminal maxillary and labial palpomeres each proximally distinctly swollen and tapering to an acute point. Thorax. Foreleg bearing relatively long and dense setae; profemur slender, profemoral ventral ISs saber-shaped: anteroventral row reduced, commencing near base of profemur, basally with one simple, saber-shaped and short major process, another 17 long ISs (far from major process, commencing near middle of profemur) gradually shortened; posteroventral row reduced, sparse, commencing near middle of profemur, with 11 long ISs gradually shortened; about four short, saber-shaped ISs scattered between antero- and posteroventral rows, near proximal 1 / 3 length of profemur; protibial ventrally with about 19 specialized setae; protarsus: tarsomere 1 with five, tarsomeres 2 – 4 each with two specialized setae; tarsomere 1 nearly as long as tarsomeres 2 – 4 combined; tarsomeres 2 – 4 subequal; tarsomere 5 nearly as long as tarsomeres 3 – 4 combined. Meso- and metatarsi with tarsomere 1 nearly as long as tarsomeres 2 – 4 combined, tarsomeres 2 – 4 subequal, tarsomere 5 nearly as long as tarsomeres 3 – 4 combined, tarsomeres 1 – 4 each distally bearing two pairs of thickened setae. Pretarsal claws and arolium similar to those of foreleg, but larger. Wings elliptical, branches of RP with moderately dense apical twigging. Forewing with dark markings on pterostigma, almost all crossveins and forewing posterior margin; costal space distinctly broad; costal vein distally separate from ScP; humeral crossvein bifurcate; about 20 – 23 costal crossveins along ScP, half or more branched (bifurcate or trifurcate); pterostigma distinct; ScA absent; ScP distally fused with RA; subcostal space proximad pterostigma distinctly broadened, with only one scp-r crossvein slightly proximad original point of RP; two ra-rp crossveins, distal one proximad fusion point of ScP and RA; RP originating near proximal 1 / 4 of forewing, with five main branches proximally smooth; six outer gradates; 1 rp-m distal to both original point of RP and primary branching point of M; M diverging from R proximad lm-cu; proximal r-m absent; im cell with three main branches; 1 m-cu distinctly distal to Cu branching point; 2 m-cu distinctly distal to cua-cup; CuA nearly pectinately diverged near its distal 1 / 3 length into three main branches; CuP deeply dichotomously branched near its proximal 1 / 3; A 1 deeply dichotomously branched at its 1 / 3 – 1 / 2 length (each branch bifurcate or trifurcate); A 2 bifurcate, A 3 simple. Hind wing similar to forewing, but immaculate; costal space markedly narrow, with about 25 – 27 crossveins visible, all simple; costal vein distally separate from ScP; subcostal space veinless, distally broadened; original point of RP closer to hind wing base; two ra-rp crossveins, distal one proximad fusion point of ScP and RA; 1 rp-m upright, distad original point of RP and distinctly proximad primary branching point of M; CuA pectinately branched, long, with about six – nine branches, mostly bifurcate, some simple or trifurcate; CuP short, not creeping, distally simple, with stem reduced; A 1 distally bifurcate or multifurcate; A 2 distally bifurcate. Male terminalia. Sternum 9 deeply scoop-like, not surpassing ectoprocts; ectoprocts markedly large, extending ventrally to cover sternum 9, dorsally narrow and ventrally broadened. Putative gonocoxites 9 well-sclerotized and curved. Female. Morphology similar to male, but foreleg ventrally with 11 ISs in anteroventral row (excluding major process), and seven short ISs scattered between antero- and posteroventral rows, along proximal 1 / 3 length of profemur. Terminalia: gonocoxites 8 present, bearing long setae; sternum 9 separate from ectoprocts, nearly as long as sternum 8 and slightly longer than ectoprocts; gonocoxites 9 small bearing long and soft setae; gonapophyses 9 paired, glabrous; callus cerci invisible.	en	Li, Hong-Yu, Zhuo, De, Wang, Bo, Nakamine, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Zhang, Wei-Wei, Ling, Jia-Ni, Ohl, Michael, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Liu, Xing-Yue (2023): New genera and species of Mantispoidea (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar. Palaeoentomology 6 (6), No. 1: 549-611, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.6.1
