identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
F4F525B0C7DA59BEB72BAEABB0471088.text	F4F525B0C7DA59BEB72BAEABB0471088.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paraputo Laing 1929	<div><p>Genus Paraputo Laing</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Lachnodiopsis szemaoensis Borchsenius, by original designation.</p><p>Generic diagnosis</p><p>(adapted from Williams (2004). Body of adult female broadly oval to rounded, membranous. Antennae each with 6 to 8 antennomeres. Legs well developed, generally robust, femur often about twice as wide as tibia. Combined length of tibia and tarsus usually shorter than that of trochanter and femur. Translucent pores commonly present on hind coxae, sometimes also on hind femur and tibia, and occasionally also on coxae of middle legs. Claws stout and lacking a denticle. Labium typically elongate, usually longer than clypeolabral shield. Anal ring generally located on dorsum at a distance equal to or greater than its length from apex of abdomen and bearing six or more setae. Circulus well developed or absent. Cerarii numbering 11 to 18 pairs; those on anal lobes and posterior abdominal segments each usually containing multiple conical setae, sometimes accompanied by normal setose setae that are often of similar basal width to conical setae, along with clusters of trilocular pores. In rare cases, cerarii each reduced to only two conical setae; often with intermediate cerarii or conical setae present also, thus forming a continuous row of conical setae around dorsal margin, frequently accompanied by a continuous band of densely packed trilocular pores; conical setae rarely present on ventral margin. Ostioles prominent, situated away from body margins, each wide, with inner lip edges sclerotized; each lip often with abundant trilocular pores, rarely with few, and bearing few to numerous setae. Eyes present. Spiracles large and conspicuous.</p><p>Dorsum with setae usually numerous, either minute and stiff or longer and flagellate, often with longer setae flanking anal ring. Trilocular pores abundant on both surfaces. Multilocular disc pores and oral collar tubular ducts absent.</p><p>Venter usually with flagellate setae, sometimes resembling those on dorsum. Cisanal and obanal setae usually apparent, sometimes each long and stout and displaced onto dorsum posterior to anal ring. Oral collar tubular ducts present, usually of only 1 size, either 1.5–2.0 times wider than a trilocular pore (referred to as large type), or as wide as, or narrower than a trilocular pore; but sometimes 2 or 3 different sizes present. Tubular ducts sometimes present across medial area and in marginal groups on abdomen, sometimes also present between antennal bases; present or absent between anal lobes. Anal lobes each either membranous or with various degrees of sclerotization, at times sclerotization occupying most of lobe, but never with a distinct anal lobe bar; occasionally ventral margins of some anterior abdominal segments also sclerotized (Williams and Granara de Willink 1992; Williams 2004; Danzig and Gavrilov 2010).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F4F525B0C7DA59BEB72BAEABB0471088	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zarkani, Agustin;Reonaldi, Habib Al Ayubi;Fauzi, Ariffatchur;Apriyanto, Dwinardi;Yahumri,;Rosfiansyah,;Kaydan, Mehmet Bora	Zarkani, Agustin, Reonaldi, Habib Al Ayubi, Fauzi, Ariffatchur, Apriyanto, Dwinardi, Yahumri,, Rosfiansyah,, Kaydan, Mehmet Bora (2025): Two new species of the mealybug genus Paraputo Laing (Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae) from Borneo Island, Indonesia. ZooKeys 1249: 49-68, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1249.159569
FCD7B2A81669511AA8899B7C3D6969E0.text	FCD7B2A81669511AA8899B7C3D6969E0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paraputo martonoi Zarkani & Kaydan 2025	<div><p>Paraputo martonoi Zarkani &amp; Kaydan sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1, 2, 3</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>All deposited at MMUB. Holotype. Adult female, left label: AZ 3100 / 15.xi.2024 / Indonesia, East Kalimantan Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=116.75445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.9263056" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 116.75445/lat -0.9263056)">Sepaku</a> / Rubiaceae / 0°55'34.7"S / 116°45'16.0"E / 30 m a. s. l; right label: Paraputo martonoi Zarkani &amp; Kaydan, 1 ♀ / coll. A. Zarkani / det. M. B. Kaydan. In addition to the holotype specimen (ringed with red ink on the coverslip), the slide mount also contains 2 specimens of P. martonoi (MMUB) . Paratypes. Indonesia: same data as for holotype; • 3 ♀♀ on one slide, each slide with 2 specimens (AZ 3101) at MZB .</p><p>Description of adult female.</p><p>Appearance in life. Adult females produce a powdery white wax covering the dorsal surface of the body. Living on woody parts of its host plant (Fig. 1), commonly attended by ants of the genus Dolichoderus Lund ( Formicidae) (not visible in Fig. 1).</p><p>Slide-mounted adult female (values of holotype followed by range of 3 paratypes in parentheses) (Figs 2, 3). Body broadly oval, sometimes almost rotund, membranous, largest specimens 2.13 (2.13–2.25) mm long and 1.62 (1.62–1.73) mm wide. Anal lobes weakly developed, each ventral surface bearing a stout apical seta 80 (80–88) μm long arising from a large circular-to-oval sclerotized area, about 57–79 μm wide, on ventral margin of abdominal segment VIII; small sclerotized areas present also on ventral margins of segments VII and VI. Antennae each 340 (340–360) μm in total length, with 7 antennomeres; antennal setae mostly short. Individual antennal antennomere lengths (in μm) are as follows: antennomere I – VI, each 260 (260–270); and VII (apical antennomere), 80 (80–90) long and 40 (40–45) wide. Apical antennomere with 4 fleshy setae, each 30–38 μm long, and an apical seta 36 (36–90) μm long. Clypeolabral shield 258 (258–263) μm long and 245 (245–250) μm wide. Labium unusually long and pointed, longer than clypeolabral shield, 3 segmented, 280 (280–300) μm long, with a basal segment 150 (150–155) μm wide. Anterior spiracles each 110 (110–113) μm long and 58 (58–60) μm wide across the atrium, while the posterior spiracles are 110 (110–113) μm long and 65 (50–65) μm wide across the atrium. Legs well developed (Fig. 3 A); hind leg segments measuring (in μm): coxa, 213 (213–215); trochanter + femur, 378 (378–400); tibia + tarsus, 238 (238–253); and claw, 55 (55–70), without a denticle. Ratio of lengths of hind tibia + tarsus to trochanter + femur 0.69 (0.69–0.7): 1; ratio of lengths of the tibia to tarsus 1.5 (1.2–1.5): 1; and ratio of length of trochanter + femur to the greatest width of femur 3.1 (3.1–3.2): 1. Hind legs with only about 10–20 translucent pores, by anterior margin of coxa only (Fig. 3 B). Tarsal digitules setose, each 48–50 μm long, claw digitules also setose, each about 28–30 μm long. Anterior and posterior ostioles well developed, each containing a total of 62 (60–70) trilocular pores across both lips and 14 (14–25) setae. Circulus situated between abdominal segments III and IV, 140 (140–150) μm wide and divided by an intersegmental line. Anal ring about 108 (100–108) μm wide, situated on dorsum at about 1.0–1.5 times its length from apex of abdomen; with 2 rows of cells and bearing 6 setae, each 78–83 μm long. Cerarii numbering not distinct, with many intermediate conical setae, merged to form a marginal band of trilocular pores and enlarged conical setae. Anal lobe cerarii each normally containing 6 or 7 conical setae of different sizes, largest about 25 μm long and 7.5 μm wide at base, and a small compact group of trilocular pores. Anterior cerarii similar to anal lobe cerarii but with largest conical setae slenderer, and each cerarius often subdivided into 2 or 3 smaller cerarii: additional conical setae also present, so that cerarii appear to form a continuous band around margin.</p><p>Dorsum with slender, stiff setae, each about 20–25 µm long, present around margins and across abdominal segments (Fig. 3 C). Setae flanking anal ring longer than other dorsal setae, longest 78–88 µm long but mostly each 45–50 µm long, each seta shorter than or same length as an anal ring seta (each ring seta about 75–88 µm long). Apparent cisanal and obanal setae stout, each 100–113 µm long, displaced onto dorsum, situated immediately posterior to anal ring. Multilocular disc pores absent. Trilocular pores abundant, evenly distributed. Discoidal pores fairly numerous, each only slightly smaller than a trilocular pore.</p><p>Venter with normal flagellate setae present, mostly slender and each longer than a dorsal seta, each 33–58 µm long. Ventral sclerotized patches present on anal lobes and on margins of abdominal segments VI and VII (Fig. 3 D). Multilocular disc pores, each 7.5–8.8 μm in diameter, few, numbering only 6–10 by posterior medial edge of abdominal segment VII only (Fig. 3 E). Trilocular pores numerous but less abundant than on dorsum. Discoidal pores same size as on dorsum, scattered. Vulva becoming heavily sclerotized at maturity, 100–113 μm long and 88–100 μm wide. Trilocular pores same as those on dorsum, each 2.5–3.8 μm wide, scattered throughout. Oral collar tubular ducts of 2 sizes: larger ducts each 10–13 μm long and 3.8 μm wide, few, with 2 or 4 situated marginally on abdominal segments VII and VIII; smaller ducts each 7–8 μm long and 2.5 μm wide, intermingled with a few large ducts, forming a submarginal-to-marginal cluster of 10–14 ducts on each marginal area between segments VII and VIII, a few also present in medial area of abdominal segment VI.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species is named after Prof. Dr. Edhi Martono, an Indonesian entomologist who has dedicated his work to Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and the toxicology of insecticides.</p><p>Host plants.</p><p>Unidentified forest tree ( Rubiaceae) (Fig. 1).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Indonesia (Kalimantan, East Kalimantan Province, Sepaku).</p><p>Comments.</p><p>Paraputo martonoi is most similar to P. carnosae (Takahashi) in having: (i) large oral collar tubular ducts on abdomen only, each over 1.5 times as wide as a trilocular pore; (ii) a large circulus divided by an intersegmental line; (iii) setae on each side of anal ring, of similar length or a bit shorter than an anal ring seta, and ventral submarginal setae on abdominal segments V – VIII shorter than an anal ring seta; and (iv) ventral sclerotized patches present on anal lobes, also on ventral margins of abdominal segment VII, and sometimes VI. However, P. martonoi can be readily distinguished from P. carnosae by having (character state for P. carnosae given in parentheses): (i) dorsal surface with slender, stiff setae, each about 20–25 µm long (with minute setae, stiff and pointed, mostly each about 7.5 µm long); (ii) legs stout (slender); (iii) translucent pores present on hind coxa only (translucent pores present on hind coxa and tibia); (iv) oral collar tubular ducts present on abdominal segments VII and VIII (present on segments V – VIII); and (v) multilocular disc pores present by posterior medial edge of abdominal segment VII only (present by posterior medial edges of segments VI – IX).</p><p>Paraputo martonoi also resembles P. latebrae Williams in possessing large oral collar tubular ducts present between anal lobes. However, P. martonoi can be readily distinguished by having (character states for P. latebrae given in parenthesis): (i) large oral collar tubular ducts absent on head (present on head, usually between antennal bases); (ii) ventral sclerotized patches present on margins of abdominal segments VI and VII (present only on margins of abdominal segment VII); (iii) cisanal setae slender, much shorter than anal ring setae, each 20–30 µm long (cisanal setae stout, similar to anal ring setae and about same length, each 70–75 µm long); and (iv) multilocular disc pores present on medial edge of abdominal segment VII only (present across medial areas of abdominal segments VI and VII and sometimes represented on segment V and vulva).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FCD7B2A81669511AA8899B7C3D6969E0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zarkani, Agustin;Reonaldi, Habib Al Ayubi;Fauzi, Ariffatchur;Apriyanto, Dwinardi;Yahumri,;Rosfiansyah,;Kaydan, Mehmet Bora	Zarkani, Agustin, Reonaldi, Habib Al Ayubi, Fauzi, Ariffatchur, Apriyanto, Dwinardi, Yahumri,, Rosfiansyah,, Kaydan, Mehmet Bora (2025): Two new species of the mealybug genus Paraputo Laing (Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae) from Borneo Island, Indonesia. ZooKeys 1249: 49-68, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1249.159569
AC2F415AD19F59969EC92D79F71F03DE.text	AC2F415AD19F59969EC92D79F71F03DE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paraputo raufi Zarkani & Kaydan 2025	<div><p>Paraputo raufi Zarkani &amp; Kaydan sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 4, 5, 6</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype. Adult female, left label: AZ 3102 / 15.xi.2024 / Indonesia, East Kalimantan Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=116.715355&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.96816665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 116.715355/lat -0.96816665)">Sepaku</a> / Meliaceae / 0°58'05.4"S / 116°42'55.3"E / 30 m a. s. l; right label: Paraputo raufi Zarkani &amp; Kaydan, 1 ♀ / coll. A. Zarkani / det. M. B. Kaydan. In addition to the holotype specimen (ringed with red ink on the coverslip), the slide mount also contains 2 specimens of P. raufi (MMUB) . Paratypes. Indonesia: same data as for holotype; • 3 ♀♀ on one slide, each slide with 2 specimens (AZ 3103) at MZB .</p><p>Description of adult female.</p><p>Appearance in life (Fig. 4). The adult female secretes powdery white wax covering over the dorsal surface of the body. Living on woody parts of the host plant, commonly attended by ants of the genus Dolichoderus Lund ( Formicidae).</p><p>Slide-mounted adult female (values of holotype followed by range of 3 paratypes in parentheses) (Figs 5, 6). Body broadly oval, sometimes almost rotund, membranous, largest specimens 2.5 (2.5–2.9) mm long and 1.7 (1.7–2.2) mm wide. Anal lobes moderately developed, each ventral surface bearing a stout apical seta 84 (80–88) μm long arising from a large circular-to-oval sclerotized area, 76 (76–80) μm wide, on ventral margin of abdominal segment VIII, occupying much of lobe. Antennae each 390 (390–410) μm in total length, with 7 antennomeres; antennal setae mostly short. Individual antennal antennomere lengths (in μm) are as follows: antennomere I – VI, each 310 (310–320); and VII (apical antennomere), 90 (90–100) long and 30 (30–40) wide. Apical antennomere with 4 fleshy setae, each 50–55 μm long, and an apical seta 34 (34–38) μm long. Clypeolabral shield 345 (345–425) μm long and 388 (388–393) μm wide. Labium unusually long and pointed, longer than clypeolabral shield, 3 segmented, 210 (210–300) μm long, with basal segment 123 (123–128) μm wide. Anterior spiracles each 138 (138–143) μm long and 70 (70–75) μm wide across atrium; posterior spiracles each 138 (138–143) μm long and 70 (70–88) μm wide across atrium. Legs well developed; hind leg segments measuring (in μm): coxa, 307 (307–313); trochanter + femur, 378 (378–400); tibia + tarsus, 238 (238–253); and claw, 55 (55–70), without a denticle. Ratio of lengths of hind tibia + tarsus to trochanter + femur 0.63: 1; ratio of lengths of tibia to tarsus 1.4 (1.2–1.4): 1; and ratio of length of trochanter + femur to greatest width of femur 3.3 (3.3–3.8): 1. Hind leg with more than 300 translucent pores on coxa only (Fig. 6 A). Tarsal digitules setose, each 53–60 μm long; claw digitules each minutely dilated distally, about 28–38 μm long. Anterior and posterior ostioles well developed, each containing a total of 62 (60–100) trilocular pores across both lips and 7 (5–9) setae. Circulus situated between abdominal segments III and IV, 155 (150–193) μm wide and divided by an intersegmental line. Anal ring about 100 (100–120) μm wide, situated on dorsum about 1.0–1.5 times its length from apex of abdomen; with 2 rows of cells and bearing 6 setae, each 75 (75–80) μm long. Cerarii numbering not distinct, with many intermediate conical setae, tending to merge. Anal lobe cerarii each normally containing 6 or 7 conical setae of different sizes, largest about 27.5 μm long and 6.3 μm wide at base, and a small compact group of trilocular pores. Anterior cerarii similar to anal lobe cerarii but with largest conical setae slenderer, and each cerarius often subdivided into 2 or 3 smaller cerarii: additional conical setae also present, so that cerarii appear to be continuous on some parts of margin.</p><p>Dorsum. Slender, stiff setae present, mostly each about 12.5–20.0 μm long; long setae flanking anal ring fairly numerous, each 77.5–87.5 µm long, similar length to or shorter than an anal ring seta (each ring seta 75–100 µm long). Two pairs of long stout setae present just to posterior to anal ring, each about 105–113 µm long, longer and wider than an anal ring seta (Fig. 6 B). Trilocular pores abundant. Discoidal pores fairly numerous, each slightly smaller than a trilocular pore.</p><p>Venter. Normal flagellate setae present, mostly slender and each longer than a dorsal seta, 10–35 µm long. Ventral sclerotized patches present on anal lobes only. Cisanal and obanal setae slender, each 38–40 µm long, displaced to dorsal surface between anal ring and apex of abdomen. Multilocular disc pores each 10.0–12.5 μm in diameter, present on abdominal segments, distributed as follows (numbers): segment V: 3–5, VI: 31–38, VII: 30–32, and VIII: 8–10. Trilocular pores numerous but less abundant than on dorsum. Discoidal pores same size as on dorsum, scattered. Vulva becoming heavily sclerotized at maturity, 163–175 μm long and 88–100 μm wide; with a pair of noticeable sclerotized internal pockets, base of each 70–75 μm long and 30–38 μm wide (Fig. 6 D). Oral collar tubular ducts of 3 sizes: (i) largest ducts each 10.0–12.5 μm long and 7.5 μm wide, distributed on abdominal segments (numbers): VII: 6–8, and VIII: 2–4; (ii) slightly smaller ducts, each 7.5–10.0 μm long and about 5 μm wide, varying in number, present posterior to vulva and across medial posterior edges of abdominal segments V – VIII; and (iii) minute ducts, each 7.5–8.0 μm long and about 2.5 μm wide, few, with 5 or 6 situated medially on abdominal segments V and VI.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species is named after Prof. Dr. Aunu Rauf, an Indonesian entomologist who is interested in the conservation of native insects of Indonesia.</p><p>Host plants.</p><p>An unidentified forest tree ( Meliaceae) (Fig. 4).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Indonesia (Kalimantan, East Kalimantan Province, Sepaku).</p><p>Comments.</p><p>Paraputo raufi is most similar to P. spatholobi Williams in possessing large oral collar tubular ducts present on margins of abdominal segment VI and ventral sclerotized patches absent from margins of abdominal segments VII and VI. However, P. raufi can be readily distinguished by having (character states for P. spatholobi given in parenthesis): (i) ventral sclerotized patches present on anal lobes (absent); (ii) multilocular disc pores present on abdominal segments V – VIII (present on abdominal segments VI – VIII); and (iii) vulva with a pair noticeable sclerotized internal pocket (without a pair of noticeable sclerotized internal pocket).</p><p>Paraputo raufi also resembles P. latebrae Williams in having: (i) large oral collar tubular ducts present on abdominal segment IV only, each duct over 1.5 times as wide as a trilocular pore, in distinct groups, even if only 1 or 2 present; (ii) circulus large, divided by an intersegmental line; and (iii) setae on each side of anal ring, of similar length to or a bit shorter than an anal ring seta, and ventral submarginal setae on abdominal segments V – VIII shorter than anal ring setae. However, P. raufi can be distinguished from P. latebrae in having (character states for P. latebrae given in parentheses): (i) setae flanking anal ring noticeably longer than other dorsal setae (setae flanking anal ring short, about same length as other dorsal setae); (ii) two pairs of long stout setae present just to posterior to anal ring (absent) (iii) ventral sclerotized patches present on margins of abdominal segment VIII only (ventral sclerotized patches present on margins of abdominal segments VII and VIII); (iv) cisanal setae slender, shorter than an anal ring seta (cisanal setae stout, similar in length to an anal ring seta); (v) translucent pores present on coxa only (translucent pores present on hind coxa and tibia, sometimes also on hind femur); and (vi) large oral collar tubular ducts absent from head (sometimes present on head).</p><p>It is also similar to P. acehicus Williams in having: (i) setae flanking the anal ring noticeably longer than other dorsal setae; (ii) two pairs of long stout setae present just to posterior to anal ring, all longer and wider than anal ring setae; (iii) cisanal setae slender, shorter than anal ring setae; (iv) translucent pores present on coxa only; and (v) large oral collar tubular ducts absent from head. However, P. raufi can be distinguished from P. acehicus in having (character states for P. acehicus given in parentheses): (i) large oral collar tubular ducts present (absent); (ii) ventral sclerotized patches present on margins of abdominal segment VIII (absent); and (iii) vulva with a pair of noticeable sclerotized internal pockets present (absent).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC2F415AD19F59969EC92D79F71F03DE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zarkani, Agustin;Reonaldi, Habib Al Ayubi;Fauzi, Ariffatchur;Apriyanto, Dwinardi;Yahumri,;Rosfiansyah,;Kaydan, Mehmet Bora	Zarkani, Agustin, Reonaldi, Habib Al Ayubi, Fauzi, Ariffatchur, Apriyanto, Dwinardi, Yahumri,, Rosfiansyah,, Kaydan, Mehmet Bora (2025): Two new species of the mealybug genus Paraputo Laing (Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae) from Borneo Island, Indonesia. ZooKeys 1249: 49-68, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1249.159569
