identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
2E6F87BE833FFF9065A3F9A1D6D74FCA.text	2E6F87BE833FFF9065A3F9A1D6D74FCA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bocchus scobiolae Nagy, SEM 1967	<div><p>Bocchus scobiolae Nagy, 1967</p><p>Last immature larval instar (= fourth larval instar)</p><p>(Figs 1A, B, 2, 3)</p><p>Length: 1.1–1.2 mm; width: 0.4–0.6 mm. Body dark brown, only slightly bent ventrad, and covered with discarded exuviae of previous larval instars forming a sac named “thylacium” (sensu Olmi 1994) (Figs 1A, B). Anterior region immerged into host’s body, posterior one protruding from intersegmental membranes of host’s abdomen (Figs 1A, B). Oral region (Figs 2, 3) with distinct, but still little sclerified whitish mouthparts, on each side with structure distally forming small oral vesicles and basally containing mandibles, and with finger shaped maxillae. Body with indistinct segmentation. Respiratory system peripneustic, composed of nine pairs of lateral spiracles, one thoracic + eight abdominal. Ventral process absent. During each moult, cuticle breaks along preformed mediodorsal line.</p><p>Mature larva (= fifth larval instar)</p><p>(Figs 1C, 4–8)</p><p>Length: ca. 3.5–4.5 mm. Larva apodous, creamy-white with well-developed head, three thoracic and ten abdominal segments (Fig. 1C). Head prognathous, smooth, whitish, well sclerotized, its posterior part retracted partially under first thoracic segment (Figs 6A–C, E). Antenna very simple in structure; antennal orbit circular, slightly convex, with two small conical sensilla medially (Figs 4A, 7A). Chaetotaxy of head characterized by four pairs of long slender sensory bristles: one pair posteriorly of antennae, one pair in anterolateral position and two pairs in frontoclypeal area (Figs 4A, 7A). Other sensory organs represented by small sensory pits: one pair located at midlength of head behind posterior bristles, one pair laterally of each antenna, three pairs near anterior margin, and one pair on anterolateral part of head (not visible from above) (Figs 4A, 7A). Frontoclypeal suture indistinct. Anterior margin of clypeus straight (Figs 4A, 7A). Labrum large, dorsally convex, apically narrowing and subrounded. Anterior half with two sensory pits and, near anterior margin one row of four long sensory bristles (Figs 4C, 6A–E, 7B). Transition region between labrum and epipharynx with four to five short bristles (Figs 4D, 7C). Epipharynx with four cone-shaped sensilla in medio-distal region (Figs 4D, 7D arrows) and thin hair-like setae; setae distally rather long, single or paired, proximally very small and arranged in transverse rows (Figs 4D, 7C, D). Mandibles strongly sclerotized, triangular, with broad bases and apical portions pointed and curved in medial direction. Each mandible with long slender sensory bristle near its base (Figs 4B, 6A–E). Maxilla weakly sclerotized, each one with maxillary palpus, three long sensory bristles arranged in semicircle near base of palpus and two other ones placed ventrolaterally in its proximal region (Figs 5A, 8A). Maxillary palpus subcylindrical, apex with area delimitated by cuticular edge including four sensilla of different size and shape: two (exceptionally three, see Figs 5B, 8B) uni-articulated, small and cone-shaped and two bi-articulated consisting of long cylindrical basal segment and small cone-shaped apical article; in subapical position one medially placed sensory bristle and laterally one large sensory pit (Figs 5B, 6F, 8B). Labium weakly sclerotized, distally with spinneret and subapically with labial palpi (Figs 5A, C, 6E, G, 8A, C). Three sensory bristles in semicircle in proximity of base of each palpus. Labial palpus broad and well defined, similar in structure to maxillary palpus, with large proximal sensory pit and four distal sensilla structurally similar to those of maxillary palpus (Figs 5A, C). Spinneret with one cone shaped sensillum on each side (Fig. 5C, arrows), opening apically by transverse slit (Figs 5C, 6E, G, 8C).</p><p>Thorax and abdomen with sensory bristles, about eight on each side, arranged in transverse rows around each segment; thoracic sensory bristles long and slender (about 80–150 μm), abdominal ones very small (30–40 μm) (Figs 8E, F). Tracheal system peripneustic, with 9 pairs of spiracles, of approximately equal size in thorax and abdomen. Atrium of spiracles bulb-shaped (Fig. 8D). All spiracles simple, without bristles, hairs or other particular protection structures.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2E6F87BE833FFF9065A3F9A1D6D74FCA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Guglielmino, A.;Olmi, M.;Vári, G.;Capradossi, L.;Bückle, C.	Guglielmino, A., Olmi, M., Vári, G., Capradossi, L., Bückle, C. (2022): Description of the immature and mature larvae of Bocchus scobiolae Nagy (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae). Zootaxa 5195 (4): 361-372, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.4.3
