taxonID	type	description	language	source
E615028114395C97BB8123EFF8ABDDA9.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From China, where the species was first discovered.	en	Jin, Yu-Qing, Jiangzuo, Qigao, Wang, Shi-Qi (2025): The first discovery of Hypsodontus (Artiodactyla, Bovidae) from the Early Miocene of Linxia Basin, Gansu Province, China. Fossil Record 28 (2): 231-239, DOI: 10.3897/fr.28.e156566
E615028114395C97BB8123EFF8ABDDA9.taxon	description	Description. IVPP V 34116 is a well-preserved right horn core, with only the lateral part of the base of the horn core and the pedicle slightly broken. As a whole, the horn is elongated (~ 126.4 mm in length) and evenly tapered upward, giving it a cylindrical appearance; the horn core is only slightly larger in diameter than the pedicle at the transition ring. It is uprightly inserted into the orbit and slightly inclined backward, whereas the tip of the horn core curves anteriorly. In medial view, a fragment of the frontal bone posteromedial to the horn core is preserved, exhibiting a slight inward tilt, resulting in a depression on the posteromedial aspect between the horn cores. In rostral view, the horn core displays marked homonymous twisting, exceeding 1 / 3 circle but less than 1 / 2 circle. The basal cross-section is nearly circular (Fig. 2 A), with a transverse diameter (TD) to anteroposterior diameter (APD) of approximately 87.8 % (a length of 31.1 mm in APD and a length of 27.3 mm in TD). On the surface of the horn core, some faint longitudinal grooves are present, and the horn core surface is porous, especially along the transition ring between the horn core and the pedicle. A short anterior rib is present near the tip (Fig. 2 C). The pedicle is rather long (~ 18.2 mm), with an oval supraorbital foramen at its base. Additionally, two sinuses occur at the bottom of the horn core: one is large and deep on the lateral side, and the other is small and shallow on the medial side (Fig. 2 E); it is an advanced morphological trait in bovids as the frontal sinus enters the horn core (Gentry 2010).	en	Jin, Yu-Qing, Jiangzuo, Qigao, Wang, Shi-Qi (2025): The first discovery of Hypsodontus (Artiodactyla, Bovidae) from the Early Miocene of Linxia Basin, Gansu Province, China. Fossil Record 28 (2): 231-239, DOI: 10.3897/fr.28.e156566
F004EA69BAD85114AF436B6669017061.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Hypsodontus miocenicus Sokolov, 1949	en	Jin, Yu-Qing, Jiangzuo, Qigao, Wang, Shi-Qi (2025): The first discovery of Hypsodontus (Artiodactyla, Bovidae) from the Early Miocene of Linxia Basin, Gansu Province, China. Fossil Record 28 (2): 231-239, DOI: 10.3897/fr.28.e156566
F004EA69BAD85114AF436B6669017061.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium-sized bovids (comparable to medium- and small-sized antelopes), possessing a long face and narrow occipital bones with an inverted “ V ” shape. Horn cores exhibit pronounced homonymous twisting and are inserted vertically above the orbital roofs, which prominently protrude from the sides of the skull. They uniformly taper from the base to the tip, and the surface is covered with small, shallow furrows without keel. The pedicles are long, with a diameter equivalent to the horn core bases. Dentition is moderately hypsodont, with relatively short lower premolar rows. The lower molars lack pillars (ectostylids) and exhibit flattened lingual walls; the distinctive goat-folds are present on the anterior part of the m 3 (Sokolov 1949; Gabunia 1973; Köhler 1987; Dmitrieva 2007; Solounias 2007).	en	Jin, Yu-Qing, Jiangzuo, Qigao, Wang, Shi-Qi (2025): The first discovery of Hypsodontus (Artiodactyla, Bovidae) from the Early Miocene of Linxia Basin, Gansu Province, China. Fossil Record 28 (2): 231-239, DOI: 10.3897/fr.28.e156566
