identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
2B7D1B3DFF8EFFE6FF280F0DFDC4FBBF.text	2B7D1B3DFF8EFFE6FF280F0DFDC4FBBF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neocallichirus ceratophthalmus Komai & Naruse & Fujita 2026	<div><p>Neocallichirus ceratophthalmus sp. nov.</p><p>[New Japanese name: Tsunome-sunamoguri]</p><p>(Figs. 1–7)</p><p>Type material. Holotype. CBM-Z 14887, male (cl 18.5 mm), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=123.8039&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.4136" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 123.8039/lat 24.4136)">Hinai Beach</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=123.8039&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.4136" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 123.8039/lat 24.4136)">Uehara</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=123.8039&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.4136" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 123.8039/lat 24.4136)">Iriomote Island</a>, Yaeyama Islands, Ryukyu Islands, 24.4136°N, 123.8039°E, intertidal, sand beach, 23 June 2017, yabby pump, coll. T. Komai, DNA voucher (isolation number TK0256).</p><p>Paratypes. Honshu: CBM-ZC 17983, 1 female (cl 16.2 mm), Koganezaki, Nishi-izu, Shizuoka Prefecture, 15 m deep, 26 January 2020, diving with yabby pump, coll. H. Nakajima; CBM-ZC 17984, 2 young females (cl 7.6, 7.8 mm), same data; CBM-ZC 17985, 1 young male (cl 6.7 mm), Koganezaki, Nishi-izu, intertidal, sand, 6 January 2021, yabby pump, coll. H. Yokooka, DNA voucher (isolation number TK1195); CBM-ZC 17986, 1 young male (cl 7.3 mm), same data; CBM-ZC 17987, 1 female (cl 12.0 mm), Koganezaki, Nishi-izu, intertidal, sand, 30 March 2022, yabby pump, coll. H. Yokooka, DNA voucher (isolation number TK1193). Shikoku: CBM-ZC 17988, ovigerous female (cl 18.3 mm), Kogi Beach, Tosa, Kochi Prefecture, stranding after typhoon, 20 September 2011, coll. Y. Henmi. Ryukyu Islands: CBM-ZC 17989, 1 female (cl 14.8 m), Te’an, Setouchi, Amami-ohshima Island, intertidal, sand flat, 30 April 2006, yabby pump, coll. T. Komai; CBM-ZC 12267, 1 male (cl 12.8 mm), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.0801&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.5425" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.0801/lat 26.5425)">Abu</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.0801&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.5425" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.0801/lat 26.5425)">Nago</a>, Okinawa Island, 26.5425°N, 128.0801°E, sand deposit in tide pool, 29 June 2009, yabby pump, coll. T. Komai; CBM-ZC 12863, 1 female (cl 19.6 mm), Oh-jima, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.0801&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.5425" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.0801/lat 26.5425)">Nanjo</a>, Okinawa Island, 26.1320°N, 127.7728°E, intertidal, sand, 28 April 2013, yabby pump, coll. T. Komai; RUMF-ZC-6168, 2 males (cl 9.3, 10.0 mm), 1 female (cl 8.6 mm), Ohura Bay, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.0801&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.5425" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.0801/lat 26.5425)">Nago</a>, Okinawa Island, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.0801&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.5425" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.0801/lat 26.5425)">Toukamuri</a> diving point, 3–25 m deep, 20 June 2009, yabby pump, coll. Y. Fujita &amp; T. Naruse; RUMF-ZC-6169, 1 male (cl 10.4 mm; photographed), same locality, 20 June 2009, yabby pump, Y. Fujita; CBM-ZC 12257, 1 male (cl 15.6 mm), near Shirahama Port, Iriomote Island, 24.3599°N, 123.7501°E, intertidal, sand flat, 22 June 2005, yabby pump, coll. T. Komai; CBM-ZC 12258, 1 female (cl 18.1 mm), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=123.7501&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.3599" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 123.7501/lat 24.3599)">Arabara River</a> estuary, Iriomote Island, Yaeyama Islands, 24.3599°N, 123.7501°E, intertidal, sand flat, 2 July 2007, yabby pump, coll. T. Komai; CBM-ZC 17990, 2 males (cl 10.9, 14.9 mm), 1 female (cl 12.3 mm), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=123.7501&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.3599" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 123.7501/lat 24.3599)">Arabara River</a> estuary, Iriomote Island, 24.3599N, 123.7501E, intertidal sand flat, 17 May 2014, yabby pump, coll. T. Komai; CBM-ZC 15204, 1 female (cl 15.9 mm), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=123.7501&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.3599" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 123.7501/lat 24.3599)">Arabara River</a> estuary, 24.3599°N, 123.7501°E, intertidal, sand flat, 26 June 2017, yabby pump, coll. T. Komai, DNA voucher (isolation number TK0278); CBM-ZC 14888, 1 male cl 11.7 mm), 1 female (cl 12.8 mm), same data as holotype; CBM-ZC 17991–17994, 4 males (cl 18.9, 18.4, 18.9, 17.1 mm), CBM-ZC 17995–17998, 4 ovigerous females (cl 18.5, 12.1, 17.3, 14.6 mm), Udara Beach, Amitori Bay, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=123.7501&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.3599" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 123.7501/lat 24.3599)">Iriomote Island</a>, Yaeyama Islands, intertidal sand flat, 16 May 2014, yabby pump, coll. T. Komai, T. Maenosono &amp; T. Naruse; CBM-ZC 17999, 1 male (cl 10.8 mm), same data; RUMF-ZC-8518–8521, 4 males (cl 14.6, 17.8, 16.3, 19.0 mm), RUMF-ZC-8522–8524, 3 ovigerous females (cl 18.1, 18.3 18.7 mm), RUMMF-ZC-8525–8527, 2 young males (cl 10.0, 11.0 mm), 1 young female (cl 9.0 mm), same data .</p><p>Diagnosis. Carapace with obtuse anterolateral lobes; rostrum broadly triangular, terminating in acute or subacute spine. Telson clearly tapering from subproximal width to between poorly-defined posterolateral angles and slightly concave or straight posterior margin. Cornea prominent, slightly domed, less than half width of eyestalk, without extracorneal pigment; eyestalk distal lobe prominent, tapered to acute tip. Antennal peduncle exceeding antennular peduncle by half of fifth article. Third maxilliped ischium twice as long as wide. Chelipeds sexually dimorphic, grossly unequal in length in males, subequal or slightly unequal in females. Male major cheliped merus lower margin produced into symmetrically convex blade, widest at midlength and denticulate over entire length; carpus subrectangular, with row of small tubercles on lower margin; palm 1.4–1.6 length of carpus, with row of small tubercles on lower margin, gape with small but deep notch. Male minor cheliped with dense cluster of setae on gape of chela. Third pereopod propodus with heel not particularly produced. Male first pleopod distal article bilobed distally, devoid of hook-like process. Uropodal endopod posterior margin almost transverse, angle with anterior margin squarish. Maximum cl 19.6 mm.</p><p>Description of adults. Rostrum (Figs. 1A, 2C) broadly triangular in dorsal view, terminating in acute or subacute spine, falling far short of midlength of eyestalks, directed ventrad in lateral view; dorsal surface non-carinate, lateral margins merging into frontal margin. Carapace (Figs. 1A, 2A–C) frontal margin with obtuse anterolateral projections. Orbital margin between rostrum and anterolateral projection slightly concave. Anterior part of dorsum sloping to rostral base; dorsal oval marked posteriorly by deep cervical groove located at 0.7 of carapace length, and then extending anteroventrally to either side above linea thalassinica as shallow groove and finally to postfrontal region of carapace; cardiac region posterior to cervical groove slightly sloping posteriorly, nearly as high as dorsal oval; posterodorsal margin with row of minute setae. Linea thalassinica running over entire length of carapace. Anterolateral notch deep, broadly V-shaped. Hepatic region with low calcified boss, extending posteriorly as narrow band to level of midlength to posterior one-fourth of carapace along linea thalassinica; remainder part membranous, without any sclerite.</p><p>Shield on seventh thoracic sternite (Fig. 1B) with main part strongly calcified, subrhomboidal; ventral surface with shallow groove along each posterolateral rim, merging into median groove posteriorly; anterior prolongation also subrhomboidal.</p><p>Pleon (Fig. 1C) generally glabrous dorsally, 2.9 times as long as carapace; length ratio of pleomeres 1–6 and telson measured along midline, 1: 1.2: 0.8: 0.7: 1.0: 1.2: 0.8; pleomeres 1 and 2 combined distinctly shorter than pleomeres 3–5 combined (2.3: 2.9). Pleomere 1 narrowing anteriorly in dorsal view, slightly wider than long; pleuron with faintly defined ventral margin, continuous with chitinous frame defining posterior part of sternite; no longitudinal setal row on lateral surface. Pleomere 2 not particularly elongate, becoming slightly wider posteriorly; pleuron with rounded posterolateral lobe bearing a tuft of thin setae, lateral surface with shallow depression anterior to posterolateral lobe. Pleomeres 3–5 each with short longitudinal suture posterolaterally on either side; pleura 3–5 each with patch of soft plumose setae, position of setal patch becoming more anterior in posterior somites; posterolateral margins slightly expanded into rounded lobes; third pleuron with distinct depression ventrolaterally in anterior part to accommodate posterior margin of pleuron 2. Pleomere 6 narrowing posteriorly, subtrapezoidal in dorsal view, 1.3 times wider than long; tergite convex longitudinally and transversely, with short transverse groove at posterior one-third; lateral surfaces each with field of setation anterior to transverse groove, extending anteriorly to about one-third length; posterior margin entire, with pair of tufts of long setae laterally. Telson (Fig. 2D) narrower than pleomere 6, about 1.2 times wider than long, subhexagonal in dorsal view, widest at anterior one-third of its length; lateral margins convex, merging into faintly concave posterior margin, posterolateral angles indicated by tufts of long setae; posterior margin with minute median spine; dorsal surface medially with low, rounded elevation delimited posteriorly by row of long setae.</p><p>Eyestalks (Fig. 2B, C) stout proximally, somewhat depressed dorsoventrally, contiguous, tapering distally to prominent distomesial projection terminating in acute tooth, straight or gently upturned, reaching midlength of second article of antennular peduncle; cornea located dorsolaterally, dome-like, darkly pigmented, occupying less than half width of eyestalk.</p><p>Antennular peduncle (Figs. 1A, 2B–C) shorter and slightly stouter than antennal peduncle, approximately 0.3 times as long as carapace. First article stout, dorsolateral margin not carinate. Second article stout, 1.8–1.9 times as long as wide. Third article about 1.3 times as long as second article, falling slightly short of midlength of fifth article of antennal peduncle, slightly narrowing distally. Distal 2 articles with ventromesial and ventrolateral rows of long setae; rows of setae continued onto lower flagellum. Upper flagellum about 0.6 length of carapace, subequal in length to lower flagellum; segments in distal 0.2 or less length bearing aesthetascs.</p><p>Antennal peduncle (Figs. 1A, 2B–C) about half length of carapace. First article short, with excretory pore on lateral surface. Second and third articles obliquely jointed; second article; third article very short, cup-shaped. Fourth article with row of sparse long setae on lateral surface. Fifth article subequal in length to and slightly narrower than fourth article, with tufts of setae at dorsodistal and ventrodistal angles. Scaphocerite small but well differentiated, showing as subcircular plate. Flagellum about 3.0 times as long as upper antennular flagellum, with 2 or 3 long setae every 7–12 articles, each article with some short setae on distal margin.</p><p>Mouthparts not dissected.</p><p>Third maxilliped (Fig. 3A, B) without exopod. Endopod with long setae on ventral margins of ischium-merus, distal 3 articles also with long setae on extensor and flexor margins. Merus-ischium about 2.6 times as long as wide, without distinct notch on lower margin at joint between these 2 articles; ischium subrectangular, 2.0 times as long as wide, proximoventral margin broadly rounded, not produced, mesial surface with well-developed crista dentata, consisting of row of acute teeth extending from base nearly to lower distal angle; merus roundly subrectangular, slightly wider than long, upper margin noticeably convex, distal margin strongly oblique, short lower margin nearly straight, articulation to ischium slightly oblique; mesial surface of merus with longitudinal row of setae medially in distal half. Carpus slightly longer but narrower than merus, strongly constricted proximally on flexor margin, jointed at dorsodistal portion of merus; lateral surface convex transversely; mesial surface with dense field of fine setae distally. Propodus large, distinctly wider than carpus, subquadrate with nearly straight extensor margin and strongly convex flexor margin, height subequal to length; distal margin inferior to base of dactylus nearly straight or shallowly notched, forming rounded flexor distal angle, with prominent tuft of stiff setae medially; mesial surface with patch of dense setae proximally, forming grooming apparatus. Dactylus narrow, slightly curved, 0.8–0.9 times as long as propodus, tapering distally to blunt tip bearing tuft of stiff setae, terminating in small corneous claw.</p><p>First pereopods forming dissimilar chelipeds, major one located on either right (18 specimens) or left (9 specimens); sexual dimorphism obvious in both major and minor chelipeds, grossly unequal in males, subequal or slightly unequal in length in females.</p><p>Major cheliped of adult males (Figs. 4A, B, 7) heavy, massive (chela + carpus length attaining 1.6 times longer than carapace). Ischium slender, subequal in length to merus, inflated in distal half; upper margin sinuous, lower margin nearly straight, with minute denticles; mesial face with distinct groove along upper margin. Merus 1.3 times as long as high, upper margin slightly arcuate, bluntly keeled, unarmed; lower margin produced into symmetrically convex blade armed with row of 9–12 subacute or acute teeth; lateral surface midline elevated into blunt ridge, lower part slightly concave; mesial surface with 2 longitudinal grooves, one groove adjacent to upper margin and one groove delimiting lower blade. Carpus subrectangular, becoming slightly wider distally, approximately as long as wide to 1.3 times wider than long, 1.4–1.6 times as long as palm; upper margin straight or faintly sinuous, sharply keeled over entire length, entire or with trace of tubercles at least in proximal half; lateral surface evenly convex transversely; mesial surface with deep depression proximally to accommodate lower distal angle of merus; lower margin sharply keeled, with row of small spines or tubercles (becoming larger and sharper toward proximal); proximal margin broadly rounded, merging into lower margin without distinct angle. Chela 1.7 times as long as wide; lower margin slightly sinuous. Palm subrectangular, widest at base, 1.2 times as long as wide; upper margin keeled in proximal half, rounded in distal half, unarmed; lateral surface smooth, evenly convex transversely, distolateral margin with row of tiny tubercles and small but distinct notch in gape; mesial surface less convex than lateral surface, with lower part slightly upturned; lower margin lined with tiny denticles extending onto base of fixed finger. Fixed finger gently curved; occlusal margin unarmed or with row of tiny teeth. Dactylus 0.6–0.8 times as long as palm, occlusal margin with subrectangular, irregularly denticulate tooth in proximal half, separated by deep cleft from subtriangular tooth distally, terminating in acute, hooked tip.</p><p>Major cheliped of females (Fig. 5A, B) relatively smaller than that of adult males, not massive (chela + carpus length 0.7–0.9 times as long as carapace). Ischium slender, subequal in length to or slightly shorter than merus, slightly widened distally; upper margin faintly sinuous or almost straight, lower margin slightly concave, unarmed. Merus about twice as long as high, elongate ovoid, upper margin bluntly keeled, unarmed; lower margin not produced, gently convex like upper margin, unarmed; lateral surface gently convex transversely. Carpus subrectangular, wider distally, 1.1 times wider than long, 0.8 times as long as palm; upper margin straight, entire, sharply keeled over entire length; lower margin sharply keeled over entire length, unarmed. Chela small, 1.9–2.0 times as long as wide, 0.7–0.8 times as long as carapace; lower margin slightly sinuous. Palm squarish, widest at midlength; upper margin keeled in proximal half, rounded in distal half, unarmed; lateral surface smooth, evenly convex transversely, distolateral margin with row of tiny tubercles becoming distinct toward lower, and small notch in gape; lower margin smooth, unarmed. Fixed finger slightly curved; occlusal margin with row of small teeth of various shape in proximal half, teeth faded away in distal half, terminating in acute, curved tip. Dactylus 1.0–1.1 times as long as palm, occlusal margin with subrectangular, irregularly denticulate tooth in proximal half, separated by deep cleft from subtriangular tooth distally, terminating in acute, hooked tip.</p><p>Minor cheliped of adult males (Figs. 4C, D) less than half as wide as major and less than 0.6 times as long. Ischium slender, subequal in length to merus, widened distally; upper margin nearly straight, non-carinate; lower margin gently concave, unarmed. Merus elongate ovoid, 2.0–2.1 times as long as wide; upper margin non-carinate; lateral surface convex transversely; inferior margin unarmed. Carpus as long as merus, 1.3 times as long as wide; upper margin straight, bluntly keeled over entire length; lateral surface gently convex transversely; mesial surface also gently convex, with shallow depression proximally; lower margin broadly convex, sharply keeled, ventrodistal angle sharp. Chela narrower than and 2.5 times as long as carpus. Palm rectangular, 1.2 times as long as wide; upper surface non-keeled, with 2 rows of tufts of setae; lateral and mesial surfaces gently convex transversely; lower margin non-carinate except for sharply carinate proximal lower angle. Fixed finger gently curved, terminating in acute tip; occlusal margin unarmed; gape with dense brush-like setae. Dactylus 1.4 times as long as palm, gently curved, terminating in acute tip crossing fixed finger; occlusal margin unarmed, leaving wide hiatus when closed.</p><p>Minor cheliped of females (Figs. 5C, D) less than half as wide as major cheliped and subequal to or slightly shorter. Ischium slender, subequal in length to merus, widened distally; upper margin nearly straight, non-carinate; lower margin gently concave, unarmed. Merus elongate ovoid, 2.0–2.1 times as long as wide; upper margin non-carinate; inferior margin unarmed. Carpus as long as merus, 1.8 times as long as wide; upper margin straight, bluntly keeled over entire length; lateral surface gently convex transversely; mesial surface also gently convex, with shallow depression proximally; lower margin broadly convex, sharply keeled, ventrodistal angle sharp. Chela slightly narrower than and 1.3 times as long as carpus. Palm squarish, 1.0–1.1 times as long as wide; upper surface non-keeled, with 2 rows of tufts of setae; lateral and mesial surfaces gently convex transversely; lower margin non-carinate except for sharply carinate proximal lower angle. Fixed finger gently curved, terminating in acute tip; occlusal margin unarmed; gape with dense brush-like setae. Dactylus 1.5 times as long as palm, gently curved, terminating in acute tip crossing fixed finger; occlusal margin unarmed, leaving wide hiatus when closed.</p><p>Second pereopod (Fig. 3C) chelate, strongly compressed laterally, numerous long setae on lower margins of ischium to chela, tufts of setae on upper margins of carpus, palm and dactylus. Coxa with concave mesial face, unarmed. Ischium with upper margin slightly sinuous. Merus with upper and lower margins slightly sinuous, latter forming narrow facet. Carpus triangular, approximately twice as long as wide. Chela triangular, 0.8 times as long as carpus; palm very short, upper margin convex, lateral surface with several tufts of short setae; fingers straight, each terminating in small corneous tip, occlusal margins microscopically pectinate with row of corneous spinules; dactylus 2.5 times as long as palm.</p><p>Third pereopod (Fig. 3D) with coxa having flattish mesial face. Ischium with upper margin nearly straight, lower margin also straight, terminating distally in minute tubercle. Merus widest at distal two-fifths, length exceeding 3 times width; margins with sparse setae; lateral surface glabrous. Carpus subtriangular, more than twice as long as distal width, distally with patches of stiff setae. Propodus with heel slightly exceeding beyond flexor margin of carpus, lower distal margin faintly sinuous, with spaced tufts of stiff setae, upper margin nearly straight, with fields of long setae grading to small, patterned tufts of thinner, shorter setae on outer face of article lateral surface with blunt median ridge. Dactylus tear-shaped, 1.6 times as long as wide, densely setose on lateral surface, terminating in minute corneous tip.</p><p>Fourth pereopod (Fig. 3E) semichelate. Coxa enlarged, subovate, weakly flattened dorsoventrally, unarmed. Ischium with upper and lower margins nearly straight, latter terminating distally in tiny tubercle. Merus wider and longer than carpus; upper margin slightly convex. Carpus slightly widened distally, length about 4 times distal width. Propodus shorter than carpus; upper margin nearly straight, lower margin faintly sinuous, distal corner produced into short, fixed finger bearing bristles at rounded tip; dense setation on outer surface of propodus and dactylus, that of propodus divided into upper and lower fields, densest in lower field and continuing onto lower half of inner surface; dactylus terminating in minute corneous tip.</p><p>Fifth pereopod (Fig. 3F) chelate. Coxa with well-defined lateral facet. Ischium short, upper margin concave. Merus longest, gently arcuate. Carpus slightly longer than propodus, greatest width at distal one-fourth, dorsal margin convex. Propodus widened distally; occlusal surfaces of fixed finger and small dactylus excavate, spooned, terminally rounded, forming beak-like chela obscured by dense fields of setation on distal half of propodus and upper surface of dactylus; distal margins of tips of fingers microscopically pectinate.</p><p>Male first pleopod (Fig. 2E) consisting of two articles. Distal article distinctly shorter than protopod (= first article), subdivided into two lobes by median suture; distal margin divided into 2 rounded lobules by shallow notch.</p><p>Female first pleopod (Fig. 6F) simple, consisting of two articles. Protopod curved. Distal article distinctly longer than protopod, with prominent shoulder proximal to midlength.</p><p>Male second pleopod (Fig. 2F–H) biramous. Protopod distal margin strongly oblique, then endopod located more distally than exopod. Endopod arcuate, with distal part demarcated with incomplete transverse suture, possibly representing appendix masculina, and with vestige of appendix interna located subterminally; several long setae on terminal margin of appendix masculina. Exopod also arcuate, subequal in length to endopod, but exceeding it distally.</p><p>Female second pleopod also biramous (Fig. 6G) Endopod with appendix interna arising from weak shoulder at distal 0.3 of mesial margin, not reaching rounded distal margin of endopod; irregular transverse sutures on distal part of endopod. Exopod subequal in length to endopod, articulated at distomesial angle of protopod.</p><p>Third to fifth pleopods (Fig. 6I, J) forming large, posteriorly cupped fans when coupled at mesial margins of endopods; each endopod subtriangular, short, stubby appendix interna embedded into mesial margin of endopod (Fig. 6K).</p><p>Uropod (Fig. 1E) with protopod distally bilobed by distinct suture. Endopod almost as long as wide; anterior margin convex, with rounded corner to distal margin, distal and posterior margins continuous with slightly more exaggerated curvature between; dorsal surface with distinct longitudinal carina on midline. Exopod 1.1 times as wide as anterior margin, anterior margin slightly convex, distal and posterior margins evenly curved. Dorsal plate ending submarginally, extending less than half-width of exopod, distal edge convex in outline, with dense setae; dorsal surface mesial to dorsal plate with curved longitudinal carina; proximal prominence well demarcated, with 1 spine (Fig. 1F).</p><p>Coloration in life. Carapace dorsum, pleon, eyestalks, antennae and chelipeds generally pale pink to pink; carapace branchiostegites translucent; cornea grey; second to fifth pereopods whitish (Fig. 7).</p><p>Size. Largest male cl 19.0 mm; largest female cl 19.6 mm; ovigerous females cl 12.1–18.5 mm.</p><p>Variation. Sex could be determined for every specimen in the present material (cl 6.7–19.6 mm) based on the shape of the anterior two pairs of pleopods and the presence of the gonopores. As is apparent from the above description, adult specimens (cl&gt; 11 mm) exhibit notable sexual differences in the cheliped morphology, but generally similar within each sex except for the armature of fingers in males (see above; Figs. 4A, B, 6B). In small specimens (cl 6.7–10.0 mm), including males, the chelipeds are subequal in the length and similar from the right to left (Fig. 6D, E). The smallest male specimen with markedly dissimilar chelipeds (Fig. 6B, C) was cl 10.4 mm.</p><p>Other notable ontogenetic variations are seen as follows. The rostrum reaches to the midlength of the eyestalks in the small specimens (Fig. 6A) but becomes less produced with growth. The anterolateral projections of the carapace are acuminate in the smallest specimens (cl 6.7, 7.3 mm) (Fig. 6A), but they are blunt or obtuse in specimens larger than cl 8.0 mm (Fig. 2C). The distal lobe of the eyestalk is small and blunt in the two smallest specimens (cl 6.7, 7.3 mm) (Fig. 6A); the cornea is about half-width of the eyestalk in small specimens (Fig. 6A), whereas in adults, less than half width of the eyestalk (Fig. 2C). Tuberculation on the lower margin of the male major cheliped palm and carpus is absent or poorly developed in small specimens (Fig. 6B), and distinct in adults (Fig. 4A, B). Denticulated blade on the lower margin of the male major cheliped merus becomes more developed with growth and is absent in small specimens (Fig. 6B). Armature on the occlusal margins of the fingers of the major cheliped varies from unarmed to armed with teeth, but in small specimens there are a row of small teeth on the fixed finger in both sexes. The minor cheliped fingers are each armed with a row of acute teeth in principle, but sometimes unarmed in adult males.</p><p>The male first pleopod distal article is simple in the smallest specimens (cl 6.8 mm) (Fig. 6H), and distally bilobed in larger subadult and adult specimens (Fig. 2E). The male second pleopod exhibits sequential changes, particularly in the development of the appendices interna and masculina. In the smallest specimen (cl 6.7 mm) distal part of endopod distinctly bilobed, mesial lobe perhaps representing fused appendices interna and masculina, former produced distomesially and latter forming slight convexity, lateral lobe produced beyond mesial lobe (Fig. 6I); in specimens of cl 7.3–10.9 mm, distal lobes reduced to low convexities, faintly demarcated distomesial part bearing small appendix interna possibly representing appendix masculina (Fig. 6J, K). In adults, as described and figured above.</p><p>Distribution. Presently known only from Japan: Izu Peninsula (Shizuoka Prefecture) to Iriomote Island, Yaeyama Islands, Ryukyu Islands; intertidal to shallow subtidal depth of 15 m.</p><p>Habitats. Most specimens have been taken with yabby pumps from intertidal to shallow subtidal substrates, but one specimen from Tosa Bay was stranded after typhoon. In virtually all cases, the animals appear to inhabit in sand substrates within or near inlets. Abundance of specimens were collected at a sand beach (Udara Beach) located interior of Amitori Bay, Iriomote Island.</p><p>Etymology. From the combination of the Greek, cerato (= horn) and ofthalmós (eye), in reference to the prominent, acute distal process of the eyestalk in this new species.</p><p>Remarks. Adult specimens examined are generally similar in the morphology except for the armature of the fingers of the major chelipeds (see above).</p><p>Neocallichirus ceratophthalmus sp. nov. is morphologically very similar to N. vaugelasi, particularly in having a prominent, acuminate distal process of the eyestalk. Such a spiniform process of the eyestalk is not seen in other congeneric species (Biffar 1971; Rodrigues 1971; de Saint Laurent &amp; Le Loeff 1979; Manning 1993; Blanco Rambla et al. 1995; Felder &amp; Manning 1995; Manning &amp; Felder 1995; Lemaitre &amp; Felder 1996; Blanco-Rambla &amp; Lemaitre 1999; Sakai 2005; Hernáz et al. 2020; Poore 2023). In addition, the new species also has a similar male major cheliped merus to N. vaugelasi, a form not that common in the genus. A comparison with the original description of N. vaugelasi by Dworschak (2011) revealed the following characteristics of possible diagnostic significance.</p><p>(1) The ischium of the third maxilliped is proportionally narrower in N. ceratophthalmus sp. nov. than in N. vaugelasi (about twice as long as wide versus 1.2–1.3 times as long; cf. Fig. 3A, B versus Dworschak 2011: figs. 7D, E, 8F, G).</p><p>(2) The major cheliped is sexually dimorphic in the size and stoutness in N. ceratophthalmus sp. nov. (see above description), whereas such sexual difference is not obvious in N. vaugelasi (cf. Dworschak 2011: 15). For example, the minor cheliped in females is subequal or slightly unequal in the length to the major cheliped in N. ceratophthalmus sp. nov. (Fig. 5), whereas it is distinctly shorter even in females, like in males, in N. vaugelasi . The chela and carpus are much smaller in females than in males in N. ceratophthalmus sp. nov., but in contrast, those articles of females are heavy as in males in N. vaugelasi (cf. Dworschak 2011: 15).</p><p>(3) The male major cheliped merus bears better developed ventral blade in N. ceratophthalmus sp. nov. than in N. vaugelasi (Fig. 4A, B versus Dworschak 2011: Fig. 10B, H).</p><p>(4) The male major cheliped carpus is subrectangular (width/length 1.0–1.2; Fig. 4A, B) in N. ceratophthalmus sp. nov., rather than sub-semicircular in N. vaugelasi (width/length 1.6; Dworschak 2011: fig. 10B).</p><p>(5) The male major cheliped carpus lower margin bears a row of small tubercles or granules in N. ceratophthalmus sp. nov. (Fig. 4A, B), whereas this margin is unarmed, entire in N. vaugelasi (cf. Dworschak 2011: fig. 10B).</p><p>(6) The distal article of the male first pleopod is equally or unequally bilobed terminally but is devoid of a hook-like process in N. ceratophthalmus sp. nov. (Fig. 2E), which is present in N. vaugelasi (cf. Dworschak 2011: figs. 9T, U, 10D).</p><p>(7) The currently available information suggests that N. ceratophthalmus sp. nov. and N. vaugelasi are geographically separated. The present new species is so far known only from Japan, extending southerly to Iriomote Island, Yaeyama Islands, southern Ryukyu Islands. On the other hand, N. vaugelasi is restricted to the Red Sea (Dworschak 2011; Poore 2023). In spite of the recent collections in the Indo-West Pacific region, species referable to either the present new species or N. vaugelasi has not been recorded from outside Japan or Red Sea (cf. Poore 2023).</p><p>No genetic data is available for N. vaugelasi .</p><p>Neocallichirus ceratophthalmus sp. nov. is the sole representative of the genus extending to the temperate parts of Japan, and the third species of Callichiridae occurring there (cf. Koreeda et al. 2023; Sato et al. 2024). Other known species of Neocallichirus are confined to subtropical Ryukyu Islands in Japan.</p><p>Phylogenetic analyses. We newly generated barcoding sequences (605–625 bp) of the COI gene from four specimens (including one immature male specimen of cl 6.7 mm) of N. ceratophthalmus sp. nov. (Table 1). Nine COI sequences from five named species of Neocallichirus were available in the GenBank (Table 1). The topology of ML tree based on the COI dataset (Fig. 8) shows that the four sequences are clustered with low genetic divergence (0.5–2.2%) and high bootstrap support (98.9%). It is reasonable to consider the four voucher specimens to represent the same species (e.g., Macpherson &amp; Machordom 2005; Matzen da Silva et al. 2011). Genetic divergences between N. ceratophthalmus sp. nov. and the other five congeneric species were high (15.8–25.4%).</p><p>We also sequenced partial segments of the 16S rRNA gene (483–533 bp) from four specimens of N. ceratophthalmus sp. nov. (Table 1). Forty-seven 16S rRNA sequences from 12 taxa of Neocallichirus were available in the GenBank (Table 1). These four sequences of N. ceratophthalmus sp. nov. were clustered with low genetic divergence (0–0.6%) and high bootstrap support (100%) (Fig. 9), consistent with the contention that the four specimens represent the same species. Genetic divergences between N. ceratophthalmus sp. nov. and the other 12 congeners were 1.8–22.1%.</p><p>It is notable that one of the four sequences referred to as N. nagoi Poore, 2023 (MN237732) was placed as sister to N. ceratophthalmus sp. nov., indicating that the voucher specimen is distinct from N. nagoi s.s. The pairwise distance between the four sequences of N. ceratophthalmus sp. nov. and the sequence referred to as N. nagoi was 1.8–2.3%, suggesting that they are not conspecific (cf. Macpherson &amp; Machordom 2005; Robles et al. 2020; Poore et al. 2019; Poore &amp; Kou 2024). The identity of the voucher specimen referred to as N. nagoi (MNHN-IU- 2014- 1157) needs to be reassessed in future study.</p><p>As Poore (2023) noted, some species of Neocallichirus were described based only on small-sized specimens without assessment of the ontogenetic variations. Description of new taxa based solely on immature specimens should be avoided because there is a risk of misevaluation of diagnostic characters. Identification of immature individuals using DNA markers is useful in avoiding such risks of misidentification.</p><p>While prior studies have highlighted these observations (e.g., Dworschak 2011; Robles et al. 2020; Poore 2023), we find it necessary to emphasize them again: Neocallichirus jousseaumei (Nobili, 1904) and N. vigilax (De Man, 1916) are confirmed to be species complexes (Fig. 9). There are concerns regarding the accurate identification of voucher specimens referred to as N. guassutinga (Rodrigues, 1971) and as N. mericeae Manning &amp; Felder, 1995 (Figs 8, 9). These need to be re-identified.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2B7D1B3DFF8EFFE6FF280F0DFDC4FBBF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Komai, Tomoyuki;Naruse, Tohru;Fujita, Yoshihisa	Komai, Tomoyuki, Naruse, Tohru, Fujita, Yoshihisa (2026): A new species of the ghost shrimp genus Neocallichirus Sakai, 1988 (Decapoda: Axiidea: Callichiridae) from Japan. Zootaxa 5763 (3): 328-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.2
