identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
72F7BC8106CA54C091C874DA8FF97E2F.text	72F7BC8106CA54C091C874DA8FF97E2F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Occidozyga lingnanica Lyu & Wang 2022	<div><p>Occidozyga lingnanica Lyu &amp; Wang, 2022</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>Vietnam • ♂; Kon Plong Commune, Quang Ngai Province, Vietnam; 1.180 m a. s. l.; April 2023; H. T. Ninh and N. Orlov leg.; IB A.6489 (field number KP. 2023.8) ; • ♀; Kon Ka Kinh National Park, Gia Lai Province, Vietnam; 926 m a. s. l.; May 2023; H. T. Ninh and N. Orlov leg.; IB A.6490 (field number KKK.2023.80) .</p><p>Body and head.</p><p>Body stocky, size small (SVL 22.31 mm in male and 25.93 mm in female). Head longer than wide (HW / HL 0.93 in male and 0.99 in female; snout round in dorsal view; canthus rostralis round, loreal region oblique; nostril round and located at the middle between tip of snout and eye (S-NL / N-EL 0.98 in male and 0.97 in female); eye orientation laterally, pupil diamond-shaped; interorbital space slightly narrower than internarial distance (IND / IOD 1.06 in male and 1.04 in female); tympanum rim indistinct; vomerine teeth absent; tongue round posteriorly (Table 2).</p><p>Forelimbs short and robust; hand length shorter than body length (HAL / SVL 0.41 in male and 0.38 in female), relatively thin and long, relative finger lengths II = I &lt;IV &lt;III; tips of fingers round, not dilated and without discs; fingers without webbing and fringes; subarticular tubercles present at the base of each finger, prominent and round; supernumerary tubercles absent; inner and outer palmar tubercles prominent and round.</p><p>Hind limbs robust, heels not meeting when hind limbs flexed at right angles to the axis of the body; tibio-tarsal articulation reaching at the posterior margin of supratympanic fold when hind limb is stretched along the side of the body; toes distinctly long and thin, relative toe lengths I &lt;II &lt;V &lt;III &lt;IV; tips of toes round, dilated into round disks; toes 2 / 3 webbed, metatarsal web present, distinct lateral fringes on toes I and V; subarticular tubercles round, prominent; inner metatarsal tubercle large and long-elliptic, distinct, length triple the width; outer metatarsal tubercle absent; tarsal fold absent.</p><p>Skin on dorsal surface rough, large tubercles scattered on dorsum and flanks, dorsal surface of limbs smoother; a faint fold across head between eyes; supratympanic fold present, extending from the posterior corner of the eye to the previous arm; pineal ocellus absent; dorsolateral fold absent; ventral surface smooth.</p><p>Coloration in life.</p><p>Dorsal surface greyish brown with irregular black mottling; dorsal surface of limbs with dark grey transverse bars; supratympanic fold dark brown. Pupil bordered with yellowish; iris brown. Throat creamy with grey mottling; chest and belly creamy white with greyish speckles; ventral surface of limbs greyish pink with grey speckles. The nuptial pad light yellow, slightly transparent (Fig. 8).</p><p>Coloration in preservative.</p><p>Dorsal surface fading to greyish; and ventral side of body cream, grey speckles faded into greyish.</p><p>Natural history notes.</p><p>One specimen was found in a small puddle in Kon Ka Kinh National Park, Gia Lai Province and another one was collected in a wetland with many shrubs and grass near the rice paddy in Kon Plong Commune, Quang Ngai Province. Males were calling at the water’s surface.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/72F7BC8106CA54C091C874DA8FF97E2F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Ninh, Hoa Thi;Nguyen, Tao Thien;Nguyen, Hoang Huy;Pham, Cuong The;Hoang, Chung Van;Nguyen, Vien Hong Thi;Do, Dang Trong;Nguyen, Truong Quang;Orlov, Nikolai;Ziegler, Thomas	Ninh, Hoa Thi, Nguyen, Tao Thien, Nguyen, Hoang Huy, Pham, Cuong The, Hoang, Chung Van, Nguyen, Vien Hong Thi, Do, Dang Trong, Nguyen, Truong Quang, Orlov, Nikolai, Ziegler, Thomas (2026): A new species of Occidozyga (Amphibia, Anura, Dicroglossidae) and new records of O. lingnanica from Central Vietnam. ZooKeys 1278: 111-133, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1278.169620
C1EC33F5DD0E52F9B8DF9F9E6FB227EC.text	C1EC33F5DD0E52F9B8DF9F9E6FB227EC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Occidozyga nishikawai Ninh & Nguyen & Nguyen & Pham & Hoang & Nguyen & Do & Nguyen & Orlov & Ziegler 2026	<div><p>Occidozyga nishikawai sp. nov.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype: Vietnam • ♂; Kon Plong Commune, Quang Ngai Province, Central Vietnam; 1.180 m a. s. l.; April 2023; H. T. Ninh and N. Orlov leg.; IB A.6287 (field number KP.2023.319) . Paratypes: Vietnam • ♂; same locality as for holotype; same collection date; same collectors; IB A.6288 (field number KP.2023.318); • 2 ♂; Hoa Thinh Commune, Dak Lak Province; C. T. Pham and T. Q. Nguyen leg.; April 2022; IB A.6289 (field number PY.2022.37); IB A.6290 (field number PY.2022.48) ; • ♂; Van Ninh Commune, Khanh Hoa Province; C. T. Pham and T. Q. Nguyen leg.; April 2022; IB A.6291 (field number KH.2022.22) . ♀; Kon Chu Rang National Reserve, Gia Lai Province; H. T. Ninh and O. Nikolai leg.; April 2023; IB A.6494 (field number KCR.2023.159) ; • 2 ♀; same locality as for holotype; same collection date; same collectors; IB A.6295 (field number KP. 2023.6), IB A.6296 (field number KP.2023.187); • 5 ♀; Hoa Thinh Commune, Dak Lak Province; C. T. Pham and T. Q. Nguyen leg.; April 2022; IB A.6297 (field number PY.2022.36), IB A.6298 (field number PY.2022.38); IB A.6486 (field number PY.2022.66), IB A.6487 (field number PY.2022.90), IB A.6488 (field number PY.2022.119) . 2 juveniles; same locality as for holotype; same collection date; same collectors; IB A.6292 (field number KP.2023.86), IB A.6293 (field number KP.2023.28) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Morphologically, Occidozyga nishikawai sp. nov. showed the following diagnostic characteristics separating it from other species in the genus Occidozyga: (1) size small (SVL of 23.76–27.50 mm in males and 27.86–34.60 mm in females); (2) tongue cordiform, round posteriorly; (3) fingers free of webbing, toes 2 / 3 webbed; external vocal sac absent in males; males with a nuptial pad on finger I; (4) dorsum relatively smooth with several small tubercles, venter smooth; dorsal surface brown with a dark brown or a yellow stripe (Fig. 2).</p><p>Description of the holotype.</p><p>Size small (SVL 26.96 mm); head longer than wide (HW / HL 0.97); snout round in dorsal and lateral views, projecting slightly over lower jaw; snout short (SL / HL 0.30); canthus rostralis round; loreal region oblique, slightly concave; nostril round, positioned laterally and located at the middle between tip of snout and eye (S-NL / N-EL 0.99); eye orientation laterally; interorbital space distinctly narrower than internarial distance (IOD / IND 0.75); tympanum round, discernible but unclear; vomerine teeth absent; absence of cusp on mandible; tongue cordiform, round posteriorly; external vocal sac absent (Table 3).</p><p>Forelimbs short and robust (HAL / SVL 0.38), fingers thin and long, relative finger lengths II &lt;I &lt;IV &lt;III; tips of fingers pointed, not dilated into disks; fingers free of webbing; subarticular tubercles prominent and round, formula 1, 1, 2, 2 inner and outer palmar tubercles prominent and round; finger I with nuptial pad.</p><p>Hind limbs robust, femur shorter than tibia length (THIGH / FL 0.97), heels not meeting when hind limbs flexed at right angles to the axis of the body; inner metatarsal tubercle reaching at the posterior margin of supratympanic rim when the hind limb is stretched along the side of the body; toes long and thin, relative lengths I &lt;II &lt;V &lt;III &lt;IV; tips of toes pointed; webbing formula between toes I ½ – ½ II ½ – 1 ½ III ½ – 1 IV 1 ¾ – ½ V; indistinct lateral fringes on lateral edges of toes I and V; subarticular tubercles round, prominent, formula 1, 1, 2, 3, 2; inner metatarsal tubercle elongated; outer metatarsal tubercle absent; tarsal fold absent.</p><p>Skin on dorsal surface of the body is relatively smooth, with several round tubercles creating two weak dorsoventral folds; the dorsal surface of thighs is smoother than that of the tibiae with some small tubercles; supratympanic fold distinct, slightly curved and extending from the posterior corner of the eye to shoulder; chin, throat, and chest smooth, belly slightly smooth; ventral side of fore and hindlimbs smooth.</p><p>Coloration of holotype in life.</p><p>Dorsal surface brown with a dark brown stripe, which is paler in head and posterior of the back, along the spine; dorsal limbs with some dark brown spots without transverse bars; a narrow transverse bar between orbits; supratympanic fold brown. Loreal region, flank light brown. Pupil is bordered with bronze margin; iris black. Throat dark with cream mottling; the skin of chest and belly creamy with white speckles; the ventral surface of thighs brownish pink with dark spots, ventral surface of feet dark grey with bronze speckles (Fig. 2).</p><p>Coloration of holotype in preservative.</p><p>The dorsum is dark grey; the mid-dorsal stripe is unclear; the nuptial pad is light grey, slightly transparent; the ventral surface is light brown; mottling on the throat grey white (Fig. 3).</p><p>Variation.</p><p>The measurements of the type series are given in Table 3. Females are larger than males, dorsal coloration varies in life, from pale brown to dark brown; mid-dorsal stripe present in almost all specimens but varies among individuals, distinct or indistinct (Figs 4, 5).</p><p>Male secondary sexual characteristics.</p><p>Vocal sac absent; in the breeding season, a single, pale yellow, swollen, and granular nuptial pad on the dorsal surface of finger I. Males slightly smaller than females (SVL 23.76–27.50 mm in males, n = 5 and 27.86–34.60 in females, n = 8) (Table 3).</p><p>Natural history notes.</p><p>The holotype was discovered while it was calling from a puddle in the forest near a residential area. There were no paddy rice fields in the surroundings. The paratypes were found in an open land with grass and bushes, ~ 30 m away from a nearby rice field. Another frog species, Microhyla cf. pulchra, was also found around the puddle, and two individuals of green pit vipers ( Trimeresurus sp.) (Fig. 6).</p><p>Distribution and conservation status.</p><p>The new species Occidozyga nishikawai sp. nov. is currently known from Kon Plong Commune, Quang Ngai Province; Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve, Gia Lai Province; Hoa Thinh Commune, Dak Lak Province; and Van Ninh Commune, Khanh Hoa Province (Fig. 7). Populations of Occidozyga in central Vietnam were previously misidentified as O. martensii (Nguyen et al. 2009) . Consequently, the actual distribution of Occidozyga nishikawai sp. nov. likely extends to neighboring provinces from where O. martensii was previously reported.</p><p>Comparisons.</p><p>We compare the new species with all species in the genus Occidozyga in Table 4.</p><p>Occidozyga nishikawai sp. nov. can be distinguished from O. baluensis by the absence of a tarsal fold vs present; relative length of fingers I and II (II &lt;I vs I = II); tibia – tarsal articulation reaching the posterior margin of supratympanic rim vs reaching the tip of the snout; ventral creamy white with brown spots scattered vs white with heavy black marbling.</p><p>Occidozyga nishikawai sp. nov. differs from O. berbeza by having a larger size (SVL 23.76–27.50 mm in males, 27.86–34.60 mm in females vs 16.0–18.0 mm in males, 18.0–19.0 mm in females, respectively); tarsal fold absent vs present; tibio-tarsal articulation reaching the posterior margin of supratympanic rim vs reaching, at most, posterior border of the eye; cusp on mandible absent vs a single median cusp (Matsui et al. 2021).</p><p>Occidozyga nishikawai sp. nov. differs from O. celebensis by having dorsal surface smooth vs a few scattered; toes 2 / 3 webbed vs fully webbed; tips of toes without discs vs small discs; dorsal surface smooth, with small warts on flanks vs a few scattered, round warts above, upper arm, thigh, and tibia; dorsal stripe broad, dark-brown, limbs with darker cross-bars vs olive with indistinct darker markings (Smith 1927).</p><p>Occidozyga nishikawai sp. nov. differs from O. diminutiva by having a larger size (SVL 23.76–27.50 mm in males, 27.86–34.60 mm in females vs 18.0 mm in males, 26.4 mm in females, respectively); tongue round posteriorly vs slightly notched posteriorly; cusp on mandible absent vs a single tooth-like projection at the tip of mandible (Taylor 1922).</p><p>Occidozyga nishikawai sp. nov. differs from O. floresiana by having a smaller size (SVL 23.76–27.50 mm in males, 27.86–34.60 mm in females vs 35.0–37.0 mm in males, 40.0–51.0 mm in females, respectively); tongue round posteriorly vs notched posteriorly; toes two-thirds webbed vs fully webbed; cusp on mandible absent vs a single bony protuberance at the lower jaw tip (Mertens 1927).</p><p>Occidozyga nishikawai sp. nov. differs from O. laevis by tarsal fold absent vs present; tips of fingers and toes without discs vs with discs; relative length of fingers I and II (II &lt;I vs I &lt;II) (Günther 1858).</p><p>Occidozyga nishikawai sp. nov. differs from O. lima by having toes 2 / 3 webbed vs fully webbed; tarsal fold absent vs present; tips of toes without discs vs with discs; cusp on mandible absent vs a single tooth-like projection at the tip of the mandible; ventral creamy white with brown spots vs venter with pair of dark chin stripes; dorsal surface smooth vs strongly tuberculate (Kuhl and Van Hasselt 1822).</p><p>Occidozyga nishikawai sp. nov. differs from O. lingnanica by having a larger size (SVL 23.76–27.50 mm in males, 27.86–34.60 mm in females vs 19.9–22.1 mm in males, 26.8–28.8 mm in females, respectively); tips of fingers and toes without discs vs with discs; relative length of fingers I and II (II &lt;I vs I = II); dorsal surface smooth vs relatively rough (Lyu et al. 2022).</p><p>Occidozyga nishikawai sp. nov. differs from O. magnapustulosa by having a larger size (SVL 23.76–27.50 mm in males, 27.86–34.60 mm in females vs 17.0–20.0 mm in males, 14.0– 21.3 mm in females, respectively); tarsal fold absent vs present; tibia-tarsal articulation reaching the posterior margin of supratympanic rim vs reaching middle of the eye; dorsum slightly smooth vs large craterlike pustules (Taylor and Elbel 1958).</p><p>Occidozyga nishikawai sp. nov. differs from O. martensii by having tongue round posteriorly vs notched posteriorly; tarsal fold absent vs present; tips of fingers without discs vs with discs; relative length of fingers and toes (II &lt;I &lt;IV &lt;III in fingers, I &lt;II &lt;V &lt;III &lt;IV in toes vs II = IV &lt;I &lt;III in fingers, I &lt;II &lt;III &lt;V &lt;IV in toes, respectively); tibia-tarsal articulation reaching the posterior margin of supratympanic vs reaching to the eye; venter creamy white with scattered brown spots vs venter yellowish white to fresh white with a somewhat fine peppering of darkish pigment (Peters, 1867; Taylor, 1962).</p><p>Occidozyga nishikawai sp. nov. differs from O. myanhessei by having toes 2 / 3 webbed vs fully webbed; tarsal fold absent vs present; tips of toes without discs vs slightly expanded into discs; different relative length of fingers (II &lt;I &lt;IV &lt;III vs II &lt;IV &lt;I &lt;III) (Köhler et al. 2021).</p><p>Occidozyga nishikawai sp. nov. differs from O. obscura by having dorsum relatively smooth vs rough; toes two-thirds webbed vs fully webbed; difference of relative length of toes (I &lt;II &lt;V &lt;III &lt;IV vs I &lt;II &lt;III &lt;V &lt;IV) (Lyu et al. 2022).</p><p>Occidozyga nishikawai sp. nov. differs from O. shiwandashanensis by the absence of tarsal fold vs present; tibia-tarsal articulation reaching the posterior margin of supratympanic rim vs reaching to the posterior of the eye; dorsal surface slightly smooth vs shagreened (Chen et al. 2022).</p><p>Occidozyga nishikawai sp. nov. differs from O. semipalmata by the absence of tarsal fold vs feeble tarsal fold; tips of fingers without discs vs with small discs; tibia-tarsal articulation reaching the posterior of supratympanic rim vs reaching the anterior border of the eye (Smith 1927).</p><p>Occidozyga nishikawai sp. nov. differs from O. sumatrana by having toes 2 / 3 webbed vs fully webbed; tips of toes without discs vs with discs; relative length of fingers I and II (II &lt;I vs I = II); cusp on mandible absent vs a single tooth-like projection at the tip of the mandible; venter creamy white with brown spots scattered vs yellow with brown spots; dorsal stripe broad, dark-brown vs dorsum grey-brown or olive-brown, usually mottled dark brown; dark brown band on either side of the cloaca (Peters 1877).</p><p>Occidozyga nishikawai sp. nov. differs from O. swanbornorum by having head longer than wide vs head wider than long (HL / HW 1.02–1.12 in males and 1.05–1.14 in females vs HL / HW 0.68–0.75 in males and 0.76 in female); tips of toes without discs vs with discs; relative length of fingers and toes (II &lt;I &lt;IV &lt;III in fingers, I &lt;II &lt;V &lt;III &lt;IV in toes vs IV &lt;II &lt;I &lt;III in fingers, I &lt;V &lt;II &lt;III &lt;IV in toes, respectively) (Trageser et al. 2021).</p><p>Occidozyga nishikawai sp. nov. differs from O. tompotika by having tongue round posteriorly vs notched posteriorly; dorsal surface relatively smooth vs dorsal skin rough (Iskandar et al. 2011).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>We name this new species in honor of Professor Dr. Kanto Nishikawa, from Kyoto University, Japan, in recognition of his support of our herpetological research and conservation in Vietnam. As a common name for the species, we suggest Nishikawa’s puddle frog (English), and Cóc nư ớc ni-shi-ka-wa (Vietnamese).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C1EC33F5DD0E52F9B8DF9F9E6FB227EC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Ninh, Hoa Thi;Nguyen, Tao Thien;Nguyen, Hoang Huy;Pham, Cuong The;Hoang, Chung Van;Nguyen, Vien Hong Thi;Do, Dang Trong;Nguyen, Truong Quang;Orlov, Nikolai;Ziegler, Thomas	Ninh, Hoa Thi, Nguyen, Tao Thien, Nguyen, Hoang Huy, Pham, Cuong The, Hoang, Chung Van, Nguyen, Vien Hong Thi, Do, Dang Trong, Nguyen, Truong Quang, Orlov, Nikolai, Ziegler, Thomas (2026): A new species of Occidozyga (Amphibia, Anura, Dicroglossidae) and new records of O. lingnanica from Central Vietnam. ZooKeys 1278: 111-133, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1278.169620
