identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
2B612D4DA162FFE1ABACF9F6FE21D7E3.text	2B612D4DA162FFE1ABACF9F6FE21D7E3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Clothoda tocantinensis Krolow X X X X X & Valadares 2016	<div><p>Clothoda tocantinensis Krolow &amp; Valadares, 2016</p><p>Figures 1‒5; Tables 1, 2</p><p>Female. Predominantly brown, shades variable; in dorsal view, head to mesothorax dark brown, metathorax to cerci golden brown with greenish-yellow glow on back(Fig.1A).In ventral view,predominantly golden brown with purplishyellow sheen (Fig. 1B). Total length = 17.15 mm (clypeus to terminalia), supplementary measurement = 21.90 mm (antenna to cercus). Head (Fig. 1C, D, 2A) circular, dark brown with reddish-brown cephalic capsule; width/length = 0.91; eyes medium brown, (ocular ray) OR = 0.78; clypeus with anterior margin straight, apical region depigmented; continuous epistomal sulcus; conspicuous ecdysial and postocular sutures. Antennae with 26 antennomeres, intermediate antennomeres brown, proximal antennomeres (5-6) reddish brown, apical (4) white. Mm similar to male except for the more curved sides (2B). Sm rectangular, with elevated, curved and less sclerotized anterior marginal sides (Fig. 1D, 2B). Hind femur 1/3 wider than that of the male (Fig.1 A-B). Basitarsus of hind leg narrow, length = 0.50 mm, width/length = 0.50, medial diameter of bladder/width of basitarsus = 0.40; medial bladder protruding from the plane of the basitarsus; 4-5 rows of setae on the ventrobasal surface, 1-2 row of setae on the retrolateral surface, 3 rows of setae on the anterolateral surface. Tympanic organ present on fore femur as a curved and elongated band along femoral axis, in mid femur as a semicircle with well-defined edges, absent from hind femur. Terminalia (Fig. 1 E-G, 2C): central plate cream in color, hirsute with transverse keels (splines); first valvifers golden brown with rounded apical tip facing ninth sternite; second valvifers and opening of the spermathecal oviduct inconspicuous. Longitudinal ratio LC1/LC2: 0.64, coloration of cerci: LC1 and RC1 brown, LC2 and RC2 golden brown.</p><p>(-) = information absent, X =information present, Total = total amount information present (X), *partial data.</p><p>Comments. In all, six females of C. tocantinensis were compared. Total length without appendages from 12.1 ‒17.2 mm (clypeus to terminalia), with mean 14.9 mm and SD 1.66 and supplementary measurement was 15.0 ‒ 22.4 mm (antenna to cercus), with a mean of 18.4 mm and standard deviation 2.36.</p><p>Material examined. BRAZIL, Tocantins, Palmas, Taquaruçu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.176914&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.170808" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.176914/lat -10.170808)">Sítio seis pétalas</a> (10°14' 49.699'' S, 48°6' 56.062''W), 07.iv.2023, Krolow, T.K. (Ovo: 2; 1st instar: 2; 2nd instar: 2; 3rd instar: 2♀ 1♂; 4th instar: 1♀ 2♂; 5th instar: 1♀ 1♂; adult ♀: 2); idem, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.176914&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.170808" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.176914/lat -10.170808)">Cachoeira Evilson</a>, (10°14'00"S, 48°07'21"W), 06.xii.2015, Godoi, F.S.P. (adult ♀: 2); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.176914&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.170808" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.176914/lat -10.170808)">Fazenda [farm] Encantada</a>, (10°14'48.473"S, 48°7'26.015"W), culture in lab, 06.iii.2017, Krolow, T.K. (adult ♀: 1); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.176914&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.170808" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.176914/lat -10.170808)">Fazenda [farm] Ecológica</a>, (10°16'47"S, 48°09'34"W), culture in lab, 07.iv.2023, Krolow, T.K (adult ♀: 1); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.176914&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.170808" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.176914/lat -10.170808)">Vale do vai quem quer</a>, (10°23'39.898"S, 48°7'54.732"W), culture in lab, 07.IV.2023, Montanuci, P. S. (3rd instar: 1♀ 2♂; 4th instar: 2♀; 5th instar: 1♀ 2♂; adult ♀: 1); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.176914&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.170808" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.176914/lat -10.170808)">Lajeado, brejo da passagem</a> (-10.170808, -48.176916), 27.vi.2024, Krolow, T. K. (2° instar: 1*cupinzeiro) .</p><p>Description of eggs and nymphs (Table 2)</p><p>Egg (Fig. 3B) upper line curved, inclined upwards gradually meeting short-necked operculum; margin, in lateral view, strongly curved; cuticular crest of operculum on high relief; egg length in relation to female head length = 0.63; ratio between width of 1/4 upper portion of egg and width of 1/4 bottom of egg = 0.52 mm / 0.61 mm = 0.85, oval. Operculum width 0.43 mm, length 0.33 mm, ratio 1.30. Operculum slightly oval, ratio of operculum length (0.33 mm) to long axis of egg (1.56 mm) = 0.21; angle between base of egg and crest of operculum 45°, operculum laterally with convexity.</p><p>First instar (Fig. 3C) with overall coloration orange-brown except for completely brown antennae, cephalic spots orange, prothorax pale yellow, legs orange except for tibiae, and apical cercus pale yellow; 16 antennomeres, with light yellow intersection and brown base, inconspicuous postocular suture, five cephalic spots with diffuse borders; mentum inconspicuous, submentum rectangular with diffuse anterior margin; tympanic organ present in fore and mid femora as a semicircle, absent from hind leg; body completely hirsute with dark brown setae; body length = 6 mm.</p><p>Second instar (Fig. 3D) dark brown except apical three antennomeres white; five orange-brown cephalic spots, prothorax orange, tibiae and tarsi apical pale yellow; 21 antennomeres brown, with the exception of the three apical ones white, postocular suture conspicuous, five clearly visible cephalic spots; mentum conspicuous, central region of anterior margin convex and posterior margin straight, Sm rectangular with inconspicuous anterior margins; mesothorax and metathorax well-sclerotized with two parallel demarcations on central region, setae concentrated on pleurae of each segment of abdomen; tympanic organ present on forefemur as a curved, slender band, elongated over femoral axis, disk-shaped on middle leg, absent from hind leg; body length = 11.2 mm.</p><p>Third instar, female (Fig. 3E), overall coloration brown, almost black except for the four white apical antennomeres, head brown, prothorax orange brown, apical tarsomere yellowish brown, cerci completely dark brown; 23 antennomeres; mentum with sides curved upwards, submentum with well-defined sides and anterior margin; two parallel demarcations on mesothorax and metathorax; tympanic organ present on fore femur as curved and slender band, on mid femur as a semicircle, absent from posterior leg. Terminalia with 8S shorter than the other sternites; sides of eighth sternite dark brown, central region orange brown with pale yellow posterior border; second valvifers membranous; 9S rectangular, depigmented at the posterior margin; Body length 12.9 mm.</p><p>Third-instar male (Fig.3E, 4A) pigmentation similar to second instar except for prothorax with more pronounced coloration and orange-brown apical cerci; 23 antennomeres, five cephalic spots occupying middle to posterior region of head; submentum rectangular with raised anterior margins; two parallel demarcations on posterior region of mesothorax, wing pads rudimentary, conspicuous, long, extending to margin of mesothorax and metathorax, hirsute with two veins evident on buds of mesothorax and three on metathorax; tympanic organ present on forefemur as a curved and slender band, on middle femur as a semicircle, absent from posterior leg; Terminalia with 10 T similar to 2nd instar, apical half of 10 T well sclerotized with setae, center as a depigmented line; conspicuous and triangular LCB; conspicuous Lpp and Rpp demarcated by a bulge; body length 12.7 mm.</p><p>Fourth-instar female (Fig. 3F) coloration as in third instar except for 10 cephalic spots on middle to posterior region of head and four circles above ecdysial suture; ecdysial suture orange; 24 antennomeres; mentum with upwardly curved sides and posterior margin of central region concave, submentum with posterior margin depigmented; demarcation of mesothorax M-shaped; tympanic organ present, on forefemur as curved stripe, slender with keels, on middle femur as a semicircle with well-defined edges, absent from posterior leg. Terminalia: 8S oval, apical half of central plate purplish brown with transverse keels and no setae; body length = 15.8 mm.</p><p>Fourth-instar male (Figs. 3F, 4B) color similar to third-instar male except mesothorax, metathorax, and abdomen brown to almost black and apical cercus orange-brown; submentum with well-defined lateral margins and anterior margin curved; wing pads extending beyond half of posterior segment, veins A, Cu, CuA, Mp, Ma, Ma1, Ma2, Rs and C are all visible and are delineated by a row of setae. Additionally vein R 1 sclerotized; tympanic organ on forefemur as a curved band, slender with keels, on middle femur as a long band extending almost to basal half of femur, absent from hind leg; 10 T as in third instar, LCB conspicuous, standing out on left side, Lpp and Rpp with curvature facing the sides of 10 T. Body length = 14.8 mm.</p><p>Fifth-instar female (Fig. 3G) similar to fourth-instar female except with more robust body and more conspicuous pleura; tympanic organ on forefemur as a curved and slender band, on middle femur as a semicircle with well-defined borders, absent from posterior leg. Terminalia: 8S as in fourth instar with setae across entire central plate, eighth sternite with central region of posterior margin pale cream. Body length = 16.96 mm.</p><p>Fifth-instar male (Figs. 3G, 4C) similar to fourth-instar male except wing pads with pigmented Mp and Rp veins; tympanic organ on forefemur a curved, slender band, elongated along femoral axis, on middle femur as a long band extending almost to basal half of femur, absent from hind leg. Terminalia: 10 T elongated compared to anterior nymphal stage, hirsute with the exception of central region line-shaped; Lpp and Rpp triangular, not exceeding 10 T, with rounded apex. Body length = 15.41 mm.</p><p>Biology Notes. The six colonies of Clothoda tocantinensis were collected between April 7 and May 19, 2023. Each contained one female and a large number of first-instar nymphs, with the exception of the colony collected on June 7, 2023, which had several third-instar nymphs and one adult female (Fig. 5A). In the natural environment, there was considerable space between the silk layers (Fig. 5B), with a few pockets of feces accumulated below the colony at seemingly random points (Fig. 5C). The constructed colony in the lab was shaped like a plate, with the exception of the first tunnels below the colony that formed a zigzag, and circular tunnels (Figs. 5 D-E). In addition, there were some macerated materials above the colony (Fig. 5F). The characteristics observed in the natural environment were replicated in the laboratory.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2B612D4DA162FFE1ABACF9F6FE21D7E3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Andrade, Bruna Santos;Montanuci, Pietra Sally;Szumik, Claudia;Krolow, Tiago Kütter	Andrade, Bruna Santos, Montanuci, Pietra Sally, Szumik, Claudia, Krolow, Tiago Kütter (2026): Description of the female and natural history of Clothoda tocantinensis Krolow & Valadares, 2016 (Embioptera: Clothodidae). Zootaxa 5757 (5): 438-448, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5757.5.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5757.5.2
