identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
2B53D526FF81FFBB8FB1F841E764BD6E.text	2B53D526FF81FFBB8FB1F841E764BD6E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Montinumen Zhao & Huang & Ma 2025	<div><p>Genus Montinumen gen. nov.</p><p>[Chinese name: ƜṘDzȃ]</p><p>Type Species. Montinumen cryptovium gen. nov. et sp. nov., by current designation.</p><p>Diagnosis. Medium sized (CW ≤ 35mm). Carapace boarder than long, dorsal surface convex, covered with small granules (Fig. 1); epigastric cristae low, smooth, fused with postorbital cristae, separated by a shallow vertical groove; cornea relatively small; external orbital angle relatively reduced, very low to almost flat. Epistomial median lobe narrowly triangular (Fig. 2A). Maxilliped III with relatively broad ischium, exopod reaching beyond anterior edge of ischium, with long flagellum (Fig. 3A). Cheliped palm surface rugose (Fig. 3D, E). Ambulatory legs long, slender (Fig. 1). Male anterior thoracic sternum (thoracic sternites 1–4) wide, width 1.8 times of length (Fig. 2B). Male pleon narrowly triangular (Fig. 2C). G1 slender, terminal segment relatively long, inner margin with large, rounded basal-dorsal flap (Fig. 3C, F, G). G2 with long flagellum-like terminal segment (Fig. 3B). Female vulva sub-ovate, very large, reaches to suture between sternites IV/V (Fig. 2F).</p><p>Etymology. The genus name is an arbitrary combination of the Latin words montis and numen, meaning “mountain” and “deity”. The name alludes to the historical and cultural importance of local deity temples in mountainous areas, which have become increasingly rare in modern times.</p><p>Distribution. Maguan county, Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China.</p><p>Remarks. Montinumen gen. nov. is superficially similar to Tiwaripotamon Bott, 1970, Teretamon Yeo &amp; Ng, 2007 and Erebusa Yeo &amp; Ng, 1999 in their slender ambulatory legs and carapace dorsal surface structure. Montinumen gen. nov. is also distributed closely to Indochinamon Yeo &amp; Ng, 2007 and Barbamon Shi, Pan &amp; Sun, 2022 geographically. However, the new genus can be distinguished from these by a number of morphological characters. Montinumen gen. nov. can be separated from Tiwaripotamon and Barbamon by its third maxilliped exopod with long flagellum (Fig. 3A) (verses short flagellum in Tiwaripotamon (see Dai 1999: pls. 339–342), and in Barbamon; see Shi et al. 2022: fig. 4A). Montinumen gen. nov. can also immediately be separated from Teretamon by its male sternopleonal cavity reaching anteriorly to imaginary line joining medial part of cheliped coxae (Fig. 2B, C) (verses male sternopleonal cavity exceeding imaginary line joining medial part of cheliped coxae, almost reaching suture of anterior thoracic sternites 2/ 3 in Teretamon; see Yeo &amp; Ng 2007: fig. 13C; Mitra et al. 2018: fig. 2C; Absar et al. 2017: fig. 2C; Pan et al. 2021: fig. 2C). Montinumen gen. nov. can be differed from Indochinamon by its smaller size (CW ≤ 35 mm) (verses medium to large (CW ≤ 65 mm) in Indochinamon; Zhang et al. 2020) and more slender ambulatory legs (Fig. 1) (verses stout in Indochinamon; see Dai 1999: pls. 157–186, pl. X figs. 1–8, pl. XI figs.1–8, pl. XII fig. 1). Montinumen gen. nov. can be distinguished from Erebusa by having less reduced eyes and cornea with longer eyestalk (Figs. 1, 2A) (verses strongly reduced eyes, slightly reduced cornea and short eyestalk in Erebusa; see Yeo &amp; Ng 1999: fig. 1A–E). Meanwhile, Montinumen gen. nov. can also be distingused immediately from the two other stygomorphic freshwater crab genera from China, Phasmon Huang, Ahyong &amp; Shih, 2020 and Diyutamon Huang, Shih &amp; Ng, 2017 by having body pigmentation and functional eyes (Fig. 5B) (verses overall depigmented and strongly reduced eye structures in both Phasmon (see Huang et al. 2020c: figs. 1, 2A), and Diyutamon; see Huang et al. 2017: figs. 2A, B, 3A–D). Furthermore, Montinumen gen. nov. can be distinguished from all these genera by having a large semicircle basal-dorsal flap on the proximal third of G1 terminal segment (Fig. 3D) (verses none to small basal-ventral flap on the proximal third of G1 terminal segment in Tiwaripotamon (see Dai 1999: pls. 339–342); no flap on the proximal third of G1 terminal segment in Indochinamon (see Dai 1999: pls. 157–186), Phasmon (see Huang et al. 2020c: figs. 3C, 4A–B), and Diyutamon (see Huang et al. 2017: figs. 5A, C, 6A–B); low basal-dorsal flap extending entire length of G1 terminal segment in Barbamon (see Shi et al. 2022: figs. 4B, C, 5A, B); bent obliquely outward at median part, with a small and narrow hump at the bending point on inner margin of G 1 in Erebusa (see Yeo &amp; Ng, 1999: fig. 3A–G); and dorsal flap extending almost entire length of G1 terminal segment in Teretamon; see Yeo &amp; Ng, 2007: fig. 13D; Mitra et al. 2018: fig. 4A–D; Absar et al. 2017: fig. 3A–D; Pan et al. 2021: fig. 3C, D). Montinumen gen. nov. can also be separated from these genera by its very large female vulva that reaches to the sternites IV/V suture (Fig. 2F) (verses small to medium sized female vulva that does not reach to suture between sternites IV/V in Tiwaripotamon (see Dai 1999: pls. 339–342), Barbamon (see Shi et al. 2022: fig. 3D), Indochinamon (see Dai 1999: pls. 157–186), Erebusa (see Yeo &amp; Ng, 1999: fig. 4B), Phasmon (see Huang et al. 2020c: fig. 2F), Diyutamon (see Huang et al. 2017: fig. 7E), and Teretamon; see Mitra et al. 2018: fig. 3D; Absar et al. 2017: fig. 4C; Pan et al. 2021: fig. 5C). More detailed comparisons are provided in Table 1.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2B53D526FF81FFBB8FB1F841E764BD6E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhao, Jun-Da;Huang, Chao;Ma, Kayan	Zhao, Jun-Da, Huang, Chao, Ma, Kayan (2025): A new genus and new species, Montinumen cryptovium gen. nov. et sp. nov. (Crustacea: Decapoda: Potamidae), the first cave-dwelling freshwater crab in Yunnan, Southern China. Zootaxa 5717 (1): 115-126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5717.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5717.1.7
2B53D526FF84FFB08FB1FF48E3EABCF2.text	2B53D526FF84FFB08FB1FF48E3EABCF2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Montinumen cryptovium Zhao & Huang & Ma 2025	<div><p>Montinumen cryptovium gen. nov. et sp. nov.</p><p>[Chinese name: NJỄƜṘDz]</p><p>(Figures 1–3, 5)</p><p>Type material. Holotype: SYSBM002156, male (28.6 × 19.8 mm), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.98333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.716667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.98333/lat 22.716667)">Maguan county</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.98333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.716667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.98333/lat 22.716667)">Wenshan Zhuang</a> and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China, shallow pool in unnamed cave, 22°43’N 103°59’E, 500–550 m a.s.l., coll. Jun-Da Zhao, July 2022 .— Paratype: SYSBM002157, female (32.4 × 21.9 mm), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.98333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.716667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.98333/lat 22.716667)">Maguan county</a>, Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China, shallow water pool in unnamed cave, 22°43’N 103°59’E, 500–550 m a.s.l., coll. Xiang-Jin Liu, Aug 2022 .</p><p>Description. Carapace broader than long; subtrapezoidal, width 1.4–1.5 times length (n = 2), width of front half remarkably boarder than back half; regions indistinct; dorsal surface slightly convex, covered with small granules (Fig. 1). Frontal margin slightly ridged, almost forming a straight line with anterolateral margin in dorsal view (Figs. 1, 2A). Epigastric cristae low, blunt, fused with postorbital cristae, divided by a shallow groove (Figs. 1, 2A). Postorbital cristae slightly raised (Figs. 1, 2A). Branchial regions relatively flat; cervical groove shallow; H-groove visible (Fig. 1). Cornea relatively reduced, eye stalk short (Figs. 1, 2A). External orbital angle relatively reduced, very low, fused with external orbital margins, separated from anterolateral margins by inconspicuous gaps (Figs. 1, 2A). Epibranchial tooth blunt, very small, exorbital angle lined by one fused granule (Figs. 1, 2A). Anterolateral margin slightly ridged, lined with numerous fused granules (Figs. 1, 2A). Posterolateral margin straight, slightly rugose (Fig. 1). Orbits small; supraorbital and infraorbital margin smooth, ridged (Figs. 1, 2A). Sub-orbital, subhepatic and pterygostomial regions divided by sutures; surfaces covered with small, rounded granules, (Fig. 2A). Epistome median lobe narrowly triangular (Fig. 2A).</p><p>Maxilliped III merus width about 1.1 times length; ischium width about 0.7 times length; merus subrectangular; ischium trapezoidal, with median sulcus; exopod reaching to approximal one-third of merus height, with long flagellum, length slightly longer than merus (Fig. 3A).</p><p>Chelipeds unequal, surface slightly rugose, covered with small, rounded granules (Fig. 3D, E). Merus cross section triagonal, inner margins crenulated, surface rugose, covered with small, rounded granules (Fig. 1). Carpus inner distal angle with sharp spine, surface rugose (Fig.1). Major cheliped palm length about 1.7 times height of male and female; dactylus 0.8 times palm length of male and female (Fig. 3D, E). Palm surface rugose, covered with small, rounded granules; inner margin of fingers lined with large and small blunt and sharp teeth, with small gap when closed (Fig. 3D, E).</p><p>Pereiopods II–V (first to fourth ambulatory legs) very slender, surface rugose. Pereiopods III the longest; Pereiopods V propodus length 4.6 times as long as broad in male, and 4.9 times as long as broad in female; dactylus slender, with small, sharp spines on margins (Fig. 1). Male thoracic sternum glabrous, pitted; sternites I–IV relatively wide, width 1.8 times length. Sternites I, II fused, forming a wide triangular shape; sternites II, III fused, separated by a horizontal sulcus; sternites III, IV fused, with indistinct sulcus (Fig. 2B). Male sternopleonal cavity deep, long, reaching anteriorly to imaginary line joining medial part of cheliped coxae (Fig. 2B–D); median longitudinal suture between sternites VII and VIII deep (Fig. 2D). Male pleonal locking tubercle positioned anterior to sternite suture V/VI but not exceeding mid-length of sternite V (Fig. 2D). Female vulva subovate, very large, positioned close to each other, located within sternite VI, upper margin runs along suture between sternites V/VI, reaching to suture between sternites IV/V.</p><p>Pleon and telson narrowly triangular in males (Fig. 2C), broadly ovate in females (Fig. 2E). Male pleonites III–VI gradually narrower anteriorly, lateral margins almost straight; pleonite VI 2.3 times as broad as long; telson 1.4 times as broad as long, with blunt apex (Fig. 2C).</p><p>G1 generally slender, reaching beyond the pleonal locking tubercle, almost to sternites suture IV/V in situ (Fig. 2D). Subterminal segment 2.6 times × as long as terminal segment, twisted towards middle, inner margin slightly concave. Terminal segment elongated, distal end pointing anterolaterally, with large, semicircular basal-dorsal flap on proximal third (Fig. 3C, F, G). G2 subterminal segment 1.6 times as long as the flagellum-like terminal segment (Fig. 3C).</p><p>Etymology. The species name is an arbitrary combination of the Latin words crypt and via, meaning “hidden” and “pathway”, alluding to its elusive nature and the difficulty in locating its habitat.</p><p>Distribution. Unnamed cave in Gulinqing town, Maguan County, Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China.</p><p>Color in life. Overall light pinkish to purple, abdomen ivory yellow (Fig. 5B).</p><p>Habitat. Presently, the habitat and ecology of Montinumen cryptovium gen. nov. et sp. nov. remains largely unknown. The only two specimens, collected a month apart, were the sole crabs present at their respective times of collection and were discovered approximately 200 meters from the entrance of an unnamed cave, within a small, isolated water pool in the dark zone. This pool, the sole water body within the cave, measures no more than 5 meters in diameter and 10 cm in depth. No visually obvious connections to other water bodies or cave cavities were observed within the entire cave, and no other aquatic life or evidence of such was found within the pool. These observations suggest that the primary habitat of Montinumen cryptovium gen. nov. et sp. nov. likely extends beyond the immediate pool area.</p><p>Phylogenetic analysis and discussion. For the phylogenetic analyses, the BI and ML methods produced similar topologies (Fig. 4). As expected, the basal relationships in this tree could not be resolved using the 16S alone (Zhao et al. 2022), but for the purpose of this study, the results show that Montinumen gen. nov. is phylogenetically distinct and sister to Barbamon, with the K2P genetic distance (5.8%) between them comparable to those between other sister potamid genera (e.g., Diyutamon and Chinapotamon: 5.17%, Mediapotamon and Tenuilapotamon: 3.04%), and thus supporting the proposal of a new genus. The two form a clade that is likely related to the “ China clade” (Shih et al. 2009), Parapotamon De Man, 1907 and Tortomon Huang, Wang &amp; Shih 2020, but the real relationships between them will have to be recovered using additional markers and is outside the scope of this study. In addition, the results show that the new genus is not closely related to other cave-adapted and cave-associated potamid genera in China, ie., Phasmon, Chinapotamon, Diyutamon, Calcipotamon and Tiwaripotamon, all of which belong to the “China-East Asia Islands” clade (Huang et al. 2017; Huang et al. 2020b; Huang et al. 2020c).</p><p>The new species exhibits some possibly stygomorphic traits, such as elongated legs and reduced eye size, though pigmentation and the cornea appear normal. The new species’ only known occurrence in a karst cave and elongated legs suggest that it is at least obligatorily associated with the karst environment. According to the local who first discovered this new species, it was the first time he had seen this crab in the decades he has been visiting the mountains in this area. Our further examination of the epigeal environment surrounding the cave yielded no additional specimens or traces of Montinumen cryptovium gen. nov. et sp. nov. It would seem that the main population inhabits the more secluded areas of the cave system that is connected to the observable water pool or located within nearby subterranean streams accessible through small fissures in the cave. However, this hypothesis would not be able to explain why the species still possesses fully functional eyes and pigmentation as these characters often regress relatively quickly in response to full immersion in the cave environment (Klaus et al. 2013). Montinumen cryptovium gen. nov. et sp. nov. does not seem to be a recent incursion from what we currently know, as taxa that have recent incursed usually have extent epigean counterparts, like Chinapotamon clarkei and some cave Sundathelphusa species (Ng 2017; Klaus et al. 2013). In conclusion, Montinumen cryptovium gen. nov. et sp. nov. is an incredibly rare and mysterious species that represents the first known cave-associated crab from Yunnan Province, south China.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2B53D526FF84FFB08FB1FF48E3EABCF2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhao, Jun-Da;Huang, Chao;Ma, Kayan	Zhao, Jun-Da, Huang, Chao, Ma, Kayan (2025): A new genus and new species, Montinumen cryptovium gen. nov. et sp. nov. (Crustacea: Decapoda: Potamidae), the first cave-dwelling freshwater crab in Yunnan, Southern China. Zootaxa 5717 (1): 115-126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5717.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5717.1.7
