identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
A2B2E5216D03530A96CAE9303BDF555A.text	A2B2E5216D03530A96CAE9303BDF555A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kuwania clandestina Zheng & Wu 2026	<div><p>[1] Kuwania clandestina Zheng &amp; Wu sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1 A, 2 A – K, 3 A – G</p><p>Chinese vernacular name.</p><p>隐栖皮珠蚧.</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>China, Yunnan province: Puer City, Simao District, Meizi Lake. (22.75 ° N, 100.98 ° E, alt: 1369 m).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: Yunnan • ♀, labeled “ Yunnan province, Puer City, Simao District, Meizi Lake, on Fagaceae, 2023. III. 13, Yong Wang leg. ” [in Chinese], holotype mounted singly on one slide (BFUC) . Paratypes: Yunnan • 5 ♀♀, 10 intermediate-stage female nymphs, same data as holotype (a total of seven slides, two slides including 2 ♀♀ and three nymphs in GUCG, and five slides including 3 ♀♀ and seven nymphs in BFUC); one slide containing two adult females mounted together (GUGC); two slides each containing three nymphs mounted together (one in GUGC and another in BFUC); one slide containing three adult females mounted together (BFUC); two slides each containing two nymphs mounted together (BFUC); and one slide containing two nymphs mounted together (BFUC) .</p><p>Description of adult female.</p><p>Appearance in life (Fig. 1 A). Body oblong, reddish in color; legs and antennae developed; naked or dorsum covered with flocculent wax; hidden under the bark of Fagaceae .</p><p>Slide-mounted material (Fig. 2) (n = 6). Body 2.4–4.1 mm long, 0.9–1.3 mm wide; derm membranous, segmentation distinct. Antennae each 482–614 μm long, with segment lengths (in μm): I, 115–150; II, 50–75; III, 35–65; IV, 45–60; V, 50–60; VI, 45–60; VII, 45–55; VIII, 40–60; IX, 55–65. Scape (Fig. 2 A, B) largest, truncated cone in outline, with base 120–165 μm wide, apex slightly narrow; mostly membranous but base sclerotized, with a sclerotized bar on both surfaces; with some short hair-like setae (each 6–8 μm long) scattered, a group of setae present on dorsal base. Pedicel 73–97 μm wide; with one or two rings of short hair-like setae near apex, dorsum with three or four campaniform sensilla, and one coeloconic sensillum on venter. Antennal segments III – VIII each bowl-like, 40–70 μm wide, intersegment membranous; bearing a ring of hair-like setae on distal margin, dorsal setae (each 13–18 μm long) shorter than ventral setae (each 23–28 μm long). Segments IV – VIII each with a pair of sensory setae (each 13–28 μm long), setae becoming longer towards apical segment. Apical antennal segment oval, with five sensory setae, approximately seven hair-like setae and one coeloconic sensillum. Eyespot slightly sclerotized, located lateral to antennal base. Legs developed (Fig. 2 C), measurements (in μm): foreleg: entire length 563–751, coxa 75–130, trochanter + femur 195–255, tibia 170–216, tarsus 90–120, claw 30–36; middle leg: entire length 616–805, coxa 75–140, trochanter + femur 205–275, tibia 110–125, tarsus 150–180, claw 35–40; hind leg: entire length 765–863, coxa 125–140, trochanter + femur 210–280, tibia 195–245, tarsus 110–125, claw 31–36. Hind leg trochanter + femur approximately 0.7 times as long as tibia + tarsus, tibia 1.9–2.0 times tarsal length. Setae on coxa scattered, each approximately 8 μm long; trochanter bearing 5–8 campaniform sensilla on each face, with setae each 8–15 μm long; femur with few short hair-like setae scattered; short hair-like setae present on distal half of tibia, becoming slightly longer towards distal end, and a tuft of seven or eight capitate setae (Fig. 2 D) (up to 33 μm long) at distal end; tarsus with approximately six short hair-like setae; claw (Fig. 2 E) with one denticle and two sharply-tipped claw digitules (each approximately 13 μm long), shorter than claw. Thoracic spiracles (Fig. 2 F), each with a sclerotized bar, each spiracular opening approximately 15 μm wide, with one or two multilocular disc pores in atrium. Abdominal spiracles (Fig. 2 G) in six pairs on margins of abdominal segments I – VI, each spiracular opening approximately 10 μm wide, with one or two multilocular disc pores in atrium. Anal ring U-shaped, located dorsally near anterior edge of last abdominal segment. Vulva situated on venter of abdominal segment VIII.</p><p>Dorsum. Disc pores of three types: (i) small multilocular disc pores (Fig. 2 H), each approximately 5 μm in diameter, with an invaginated center and 7–9 outer loculi; forming a segmental transverse band on each of abdominal segments I – VIII, and scattered on head, thorax and last abdominal segment; (ii) small simple pores (Fig. 2 I), each approximately 2.5 μm in diameter, a few present on submargins, more numerous on last abdominal segment; (iii) large simple pores (Fig. 2 J), each approximately 5 μm in diameter, a few present on margin of last abdominal segment. Setae of only one type (Fig. 2 K), short and hair-like, each approximately 7.5 μm long, distribution as for multilocular disc pores.</p><p>Venter. Disc pores of four types: (i) small multilocular disc pores (Fig. 2 H), same size and structure as on dorsum, forming a segmental transverse band on abdominal segments I – VI and scattered on head and thorax; (ii) large multilocular disc pores (Fig. 2 L), each approximately 6.5 μm in diameter, with an invaginated center and eight or nine outer loculi, mostly distributed in a large group on abdominal segments VI – IX; (iii) small simple pores (Fig. 2 I), same size and structure as on dorsum, a few present submargins of thorax and abdominal segments I – IV; present on median area from abdominal segment V to last segment, posterior end with more pores; (iv) large simple pores (Fig. 2 J), same size and structure as on dorsum, a few present from abdominal segment V and becoming more towards posterior end, forming a transverse band on each of abdominal segments VI and VII. Setae of three types: (i) long hair-like setae, three or four setae (each 70–80 μm long) present near each coxa, and few shorter setae present on median area of head and abdomen, each 15–40 μm long; (ii) short and hair-like setae, same size and distribution as on dorsum; (iii) small conical setae (Fig. 2 M), each approximately 2 μm long, few present near each thoracic spiracle.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The adult female of Kuwania clandestina is similar to that of K. pasaniae Borchsenius in having: (i) six pairs of abdominal spiracles and (ii) large simple pores. It differs from the latter in having (character states in K. pasaniae in parentheses): (i) a tuft of seven or eight capitate setae at the distal end of the tibia (distal end of tibia with 13–30 capitate setae); (ii) small simple pores present on the dorsum (simple pores present on the venter only).</p><p>Description of intermediate-stage female nymph.</p><p>Appearance in life (Fig. 1 A). Body oval, reddish; legs absent and antennae much reduced; hidden under bark.</p><p>Slide-mounted material (Fig. 3) (n = 6). Body almost circular, 0.7–1.7 mm long, 0.6–1.2 mm wide, derm membranous or sclerotized. Antennae (Fig. 3 A) reduced to small plate-like structures, each 18–25 μm in diameter, with approximately three short setae. Eyes absent. Labium two-segmented, 68–85 μm long and 50–70 μm wide; a pair of setae present on apex, each approximately 5 μm long. Clypeolabral shield much longer than labium, 190–233 μm long and 113–125 μm wide. Thoracic spiracles (Fig. 3 B) each with 8–13 multilocular disc pores (Fig. 3 C) within atrium, each disc pore approximately 4 μm in diameter; each spiracular opening 13–18 μm wide. Abdominal spiracles (Fig. 3 D) numbering six pairs, present on submargins of each of abdominal segments I – VI; each opening 8–16 μm wide, with 5–10 multilocular disc pores in atrium. Abdominal segment I seemingly much narrower on venter than on dorsum. Anal ring (Fig. 3 E) simple, 8–10 μm wide; located subapically on dorsum.</p><p>Dorsum. Disc pores of one type: multilocular disc pores (Fig. 3 F), each 6–9 μm in diameter, with a large central loculus and 2–13 (mostly 12) outer loculi, sometimes the central loculus with a small cleft; distributed on margins but posterior three segments always without disc pores. Microducts (Fig. 3 G) each approximately 2 μm wide, with a slender filament; numerous, distributed over all dorsal surface except posterior end. Setae absent.</p><p>Venter. Disc pores of same size and structure as on dorsum (Fig. 3 F); distributed on margins, mostly near each thoracic and abdominal spiracle, and one or two disc pores on each side of labium. Microducts (Fig. 3 G) of same size and distribution as on dorsum except a few present on posterior end of abdomen. Setae of two types: (i) short and hair-like setae, each approximately 3 μm long; distributed on last abdominal segment; (ii) small conical setae, each approximately 4 μm long, with 6–10 setae present near each thoracic spiracle.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Yunnan).</p><p>Host plants.</p><p>Fagaceae .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet “ clandestina ” is a feminine Latin adjective derived from the masculine form “ clandestinus ” meaning “ hidden, ” in reference to the adaptation to concealed microhabitats.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A2B2E5216D03530A96CAE9303BDF555A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zheng, Xinyi;Li, Yu-Ang;Xing, Jichun;Wu, San-An	Zheng, Xinyi, Li, Yu-Ang, Xing, Jichun, Wu, San-An (2026): Three new species of Kuwania Cockerell (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Kuwaniidae) from China and redescription of K. pasaniae Borchsenius. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 73 (1): 255-273, DOI: 10.3897/dez.73.177625
B5B679275E4C5041992961084B2EAE24.text	B5B679275E4C5041992961084B2EAE24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kuwania Cockerell 1903	<div><p>Genus Kuwania Cockerell, 1903</p><p>Sasakia Kuwana, 1902: 47 . Type species: Sasakia quercus Kuwana, 1902; junior homonym (previously used in Lepidoptera by Moore 1896).</p><p>Kuwania Cockerell in Fernald 1903: 32. (replacement name for Sasakia Kuwana, 1902).</p><p>Chinese vernacular name.</p><p>皮珠蚧属.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Adult female. Body elongate, 1.4–6 mm long, red in life. Derm membranous. Mouthparts absent. Antennae with nine segments, with basal two segments largest; antennae situated close together on apex of head; each pedicel with 1–8 campaniform sensilla apically. Legs moderate; trochanter with 4–10 campaniform sensilla on each face; tibia with a tuft of capitate setae at apex; tarsus one-segmented, bent, with a campaniform sensillum at base; claw with one denticle and two acute digitules. Thoracic spiracles with 1–4 multilocular disc pores in atrium; abdominal spiracles smaller, 4–6 pairs present (0 in K. oligostigma), each with 1–8 multilocular disc pores within atrium. Anal ring simple, subapical on dorsum. Multilocular disc pores on both surfaces, of one or two types, each with one central loculus and 5–10 outer loculi; simple pores of one or two types, sometimes present.</p><p>Distribution and diversity.</p><p>With the three new species described herein, Kuwania now comprises 10 species. Four species ( K. bipora and the three new species) are endemic to the Oriental region of southern China (Yunan, Guizhou, Guangdong, Guangxi, Zhejiang, Taiwan and Hainan provinces), with high richness in Yunnan. Two species occur in both Oriental and Paleaerctic regions, two are exclusively Paleaerctic, one is Afrotropical (Kenya), and one is Nearctic (United States).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The female life history includes a first-instar nymph, two apodous feeding instars (cysts), and the fully legged adult female (Ferris 1950; Wu 2008). In this study, the exact cyst instar is uncertain for most species, except for one in which adult females were dissected from third-instar female nymphs.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B5B679275E4C5041992961084B2EAE24	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zheng, Xinyi;Li, Yu-Ang;Xing, Jichun;Wu, San-An	Zheng, Xinyi, Li, Yu-Ang, Xing, Jichun, Wu, San-An (2026): Three new species of Kuwania Cockerell (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Kuwaniidae) from China and redescription of K. pasaniae Borchsenius. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 73 (1): 255-273, DOI: 10.3897/dez.73.177625
338CF5F8697050EE999659F8855F7359.text	338CF5F8697050EE999659F8855F7359.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kuwania hainanensis Zheng & Wu 2026	<div><p>[2] Kuwania hainanensis Zheng &amp; Wu sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1 B, 4 A – P, 5 A – F</p><p>Chinese vernacular name.</p><p>海南皮珠蚧.</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>China, Hainan province: Wuzhishan City, Shuiman Township. (18.86 ° N, 109.67 ° E, alt: 611.4 m).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: Hainan • ♀, labeled “ Hainan province, Wuzhishan City, Shuiman Township, on Lithocarpus handelianus ( Fagaceae), 2025. I. 8, San-an Wu and Yu-ang Li leg. leg. ” [in Chinese], holotype mounted together with a third-instar female nymph on one slide (BFUC) . Paratypes: Hainan • ♀, two third-instar female nymphs, same data as holotype, (a total of two slides) with adult female mounted together with a nymph on one slide (GUGC); a nymph mounted together with holotype on one slide (BFUC) .</p><p>All adult females were dissected out from third-instar female nymphs (cyst) and mounted on the same slides with their corresponding nymphs.</p><p>Description of adult female.</p><p>Slide-mounted material (Fig. 4) (n = 2). Adult females dissected out from third-instar female nymphs. Body 3.2–4.1 mm long, 1.1–1.5 mm wide; derm membranous, segmentation distinct. Antennae each 700–710 μm long, with segment lengths (in μm): I, 140–165; II, 60; III, 75–80; IV, 75; V, 75–80; VI, 75; VII, 65–70; VIII, 60–70; IX, 65–75. Basal two antennal segments (Fig. 4 A) largest. Scape 110–165 μm wide, mostly membranous but base sclerotized, with a sclerotized bar on both surfaces; hair-like setae present on median area, each 9–10 μm long, dorsal base with a group of shorter setae each 4–5 μm long. Pedicel short cylindrical, with a median narrow sclerotization, bearing a ring of hair-like setae near distal end, and with approximately four or five campaniform sensilla on dorsum (two specimens both with wrinkle near area of campaniform sensilla, quantity uncertain). Segments III – VIII each bearing a ring of hair-like setae on distal margin, with dorsal setae (each 32–44 μm long) shorter than ventral setae (each 10–28 μm long). Segment III with a narrow median sclerotization; segments IV – VIII each with proximal half sclerotized, and a pair of sensory setae (each 30–40 μm long) near apex. Apical segment (Fig. 4 B) oval and sclerotized, 55–60 μm wide, with 4–6 sensory setae and 6–8 hair-like setae at distal end; also with two coeloconic sensilla. Eyespot slightly sclerotized, located lateral to antennal base. Mouthparts still present on holotype, but absent from paratype, likely because nymphal mouthparts became detached along with the adult female during its dissection from the cyst. Legs developed, measurements (in μm): foreleg: entire length 883–895, coxa 120–140, trochanter + femur 300–305, tibia 270–280, tarsus 120–150, claw 43–45; middle leg: entire length 1,000 –1,008, coxa 145–150, trochanter + femur 330, tibia 310, tarsus 170–175, claw 40–48; hind leg: entire length 960–1,008, coxa 115–120, trochanter + femur 300–320, tibia 325–340, tarsus 175–180, claw 45–48. Hind leg trochanter + femur approximately 0.6 times as long as tibia + tarsus, tibia 1.8–1.9 times tarsal length. Setae on coxa scattered, each 7–12 μm long; trochanter bearing 6–9 (mostly seven) campaniform sensilla on each face, with setae each 11–31 μm long, becoming successively longer towards distal end; femur strong, with few short hair-like setae scattered; tibia with short hair-like setae present on distal half (Fig. 4 C), becoming slightly longer towards apex, each seta 11–25 μm long, and with a tuft of 15–18 capitate setae (Fig. 4 D) (each 33–35 μm long) at distal end; tarsus with few short hair-like setae; claw (Fig. 4 E) with one denticle and two sharply-tipped claw digitules (each 14–16 μm long), shorter than claw. Thoracic spiracles (Fig. 4 F) each with a sclerotized bar, each spiracular opening 25–31 μm wide, with 2–4 multilocular disc pores (Fig. 4 G) in atrium. Abdominal spiracles (Fig. 4 H) in six pairs on margin of each of abdominal segments I – VI, with each spiracular opening 23–27 μm wide; posterior end of each atrium swollen with irregular processes, a ring of 3–5 multilocular disc pores (Fig. 4 G) within atrium. Multilocular disc pores (Fig. 4 G) associated with thoracic and abdominal spiracles, each approximately 6 μm in diameter, with a shallowly invaginated central loculus and 6–10 outer loculi. Anal ring U-shaped, located dorsally near anterior edge of last abdominal segment. Vulva situated on venter of abdominal segment VIII.</p><p>Dorsum. Disc pores of three types: (i) small multilocular disc pores (Fig. 4 I), each 5–6 μm in diameter, with a deeply invaginated center and 5–10 outer loculi; scattered on head, forming a segmental transverse band on all other segments; (ii) small simple pores (Fig. 4 J), each approximately 2.5 μm in diameter, a few associated with multilocular disc pores; (iii) large simple pores (Fig. 4 K), each approximately 7.5 μm in diameter, a few present on margin of last segment. Setae of only one type (Fig. 4 L), short and hair-like, each approximately 6 μm long, distribution as for multilocular disc pores.</p><p>Venter. Disc pores of five types: (i) small multilocular disc pores (Fig. 4 I), same size and structure as on dorsum, scattered on head and prothorax, and forming a segmental transverse band on each of mesothorax, metathorax and abdominal segments I – VI; (ii) large multilocular disc pores (Fig. 4 M), each approximately 7 μm in diameter, with a deeply invaginated center and 7–10 outer loculi; distributed in a large group on abdominal segments VI – IX; (iii) small simple pores (Fig. 4 J), same size and structure as on dorsum, a few associated with multilocular disc pores; (iv) large simple pores (Fig. 4 K), same size and structure as on dorsum, present medially from metathorax to last segment, forming a transvere band on each of abdominal segments II – VII, becoming numerous towards posterior segments; (v) irregular simple pores (Fig. 4 N), each approximately 5 μm wide, single or often with two or three pores fused, present anterior to vestigial mouthparts. Setae of three types: (i) short and hair-like setae (Fig. 4 L), same size and distribution as on dorsum; (ii) long hair-like setae (Fig. 4 O), each 50–65 μm long, 2–5 setae present near each coxa; (iii) small conical setae (Fig. 4 P), each approximately 2.5 μm long, 6–9 present near each thoracic spiracle, and one seta present on submargins of each abdominal segment.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The adult female of Kuwania hainanensis is similar to that of K. clandestina in having: (i) simple pores of two sizes and (ii) six pairs of abdominal spiracles. It differs from the latter in having (character states in K. clandestina in parentheses): (i) 3–5 multilocular disc pores within the atrium of each abdominal spiracle (with one or two multilocular disc pores in the atria); (ii) distal end of the tibia with 15–18 capitate setae (with 4–9 capitate setae).</p><p>Description of third-instar female nymph.</p><p>Appearance in life (Fig. 1 B). Body oval, reddish, covered by white wax; legs absent and antennae much reduced; living in bark crevices of host plants.</p><p>Slide-mounted material (Fig. 5) (n = 2). Body almost circular, approximately 2 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, derm slightly sclerotized. Antennae (Fig. 5 A) reduced to plate-like structures, each 16–18 μm wide, with two or three short setae and 1–3 coeloconic sensilla. Eyes absent. Labium two-segmented, approximately 50 μm long. Clypeolabral shield much longer than labium. Thoracic spiracles (Fig. 5 B) each with 10–13 multilocular disc pores (Fig. 5 C) within atrium, each disc pore approximately 4 μm in diameter; each spiracular opening 21–23 μm wide. Abdominal spiracles (Fig. 5 D) numbering six pairs, present on submargins of each of abdominal segments I – VI; each opening approximately 16 μm wide, with 6–8 multilocular disc pore in atrium. Abdominal segment I seemingly much narrower on venter than on dorsum. Anal ring simple, located subapically on dorsum.</p><p>Dorsum. Disc pores of one type: multilocular disc pores (Fig. 5 E), each 7–8 μm in diameter, with a large central loculus and 12–15 (mostly 14) outer loculi, sometimes central loculus with a small cleft; distributed on margins but posterior two segments always without disc pores. Microducts (Fig. 5 F) each approximately 2 μm wide, with a slender filament numerous, distributed over all dorsal surface. Setae absent.</p><p>Venter. Disc pores of same size and structure as on dorsum (Fig. 5 E); distributed on margins, mostly near each thoracic and abdominal spiracle, sometimes one disc pore near labium. Microducts (Fig. 5 F) of same size and distribution as on dorsum. Setae of one type: small conical setae, each approximately 2.5 μm long, with four or five setae present near each thoracic spiracle.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Hainan).</p><p>Host plants.</p><p>Lithocarpus handelianus ( Fagaceae).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species epithet is derived from the name of the type locality, “ Hainan,” combined with the Latin ending ‘-ensis’, meaning ‘from’.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/338CF5F8697050EE999659F8855F7359	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zheng, Xinyi;Li, Yu-Ang;Xing, Jichun;Wu, San-An	Zheng, Xinyi, Li, Yu-Ang, Xing, Jichun, Wu, San-An (2026): Three new species of Kuwania Cockerell (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Kuwaniidae) from China and redescription of K. pasaniae Borchsenius. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 73 (1): 255-273, DOI: 10.3897/dez.73.177625
A5E6813933C257A995D56150515BC654.text	A5E6813933C257A995D56150515BC654.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kuwania hiemalis Zheng & Wu 2026	<div><p>[3] Kuwania hiemalis Zheng &amp; Wu sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1 C – D, 6 A – R</p><p>Chinese vernacular name.</p><p>玄冬皮珠蚧.</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>China, Zhejiang province: Hangzhou City, Jiuyao Mountain. (30.22 ° N, 120.13 ° E; alt: 192 m).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: Zhejiang • ♀, labeled “ Zhejiang province, Hangzhou City, Jiuyao Mountain, on Quercus aliena ( Fagaceae), 2024. XII. 2, San-an Wu leg. ” [in Chinese], holotype mounted singly on one slide (BFUC) . Paratypes: Guizhou • 5 ♀♀, labeled “ Guizhou province, Guiyang City, Guihzou Botanical Garden, on Quercus acutissima ( Fagaceae), 2024. XII. 2, Zhixiang Tan leg. ” [in Chinese], (a total of three slides) with three adult female mounted together on one slide (BFUC), two adult female mounted singly on two slides (GUGC) .</p><p>Description of adult female.</p><p>Appearance in life (Fig. 1 C – D). Body oblong, with head slightly narrowing anteriorly and abdomen bluntly rounded posteriorly; reddish in color, naked or with flocculent wax; crawling on the trunk of host plant.</p><p>Slide-mounted material (Fig. 6) (n = 6). Body 2.9–5.8 mm long, 1.4–2.3 mm wide; derm membranous, segmentation distinct. Antennae each 600–900 μm long. Antennal segment lengths (in μm): I, 140–190; II, 70–90; III, 60–100; IV, 60–100; V, 65–110; VI, 60–90; VII, 55–90; VIII, 50–80; IX, 60–80. Basal two segments (Fig. 6 A) largest. Scape 145–220 μm wide, mostly membranous but base sclerotized, with a sclerotized bar on both surfaces; hair-like setae present on median area, each 13–23 μm long, dorsal base with a group of shorter setae each 10–15 μm long. Pedicel short cylindrical, with a median narrow sclerotization, bearing a ring of hair-like setae near distal end, and with 5–8 campaniform sensilla on dorsum. Antennal segments III – VIII each bearing a ring of hair-like setae on distal margin, with dorsal setae (each 15–18 μm long) shorter than ventral setae (each 18–35 μm long). Segment III with a narrow median sclerotization; segments IV – VIII each with proximal half sclerotized, and a pair of sensory setae (each 9–25 μm long) near apex. Apical segment (Fig. 6 B) oval and sclerotized, 35–45 μm wide, with 4–6 sensory setae and 5–8 hair-like setae at distal end. Apical segment with 0–3 coeloconic sensilla (Fig. 6 C), segment VIII with zero or one coeloconic sensillum. Eyespot slightly sclerotized, located lateral to antennal base. Legs developed, measurements (in μm): foreleg: entire length 580–970, coxa 90–140, trochanter + femur 200–340, tibia 175–290, tarsus 110–160, claw 30–40; middle leg: entire length 690–1,115, coxa 90–150, trochanter + femur 250–290, tibia 220–330, tarsus 130–200, claw 30–45; hind leg: entire length 775–1,150, coxa 100–140, trochanter + femur 260–400, tibia 240–350, tarsus 140–215, claw 35–45. Hind leg trochanter + femur approximately 0.7 times as long as tibia + tarsus, tibia 1.6–1.7 times tarsal length. Setae on coxa scattered, each 10–15 μm long; trochanter (Fig. 6 D) bearing 6–10 campaniform sensilla on each face, with setae each 15–45 μm long, becoming successively longer towards distal end; femur strong, with few short hair-like setae scattered; tibia (Fig. 6 E) with few short hair-like setae present on outer edge, more setae on inner edge and becoming slightly longer towards apex, each seta 7–23 μm long, and a tuft of 12–17 capitate setae (Fig. 6 F) (each 23–25 μm long) at distal end; tarsus with few short hair-like setae; claw (Fig. 6 G) with one denticle and two sharply-tipped claw digitules (each 15–18 μm long), shorter than claw. Thoracic spiracles (Fig. 6 H) each with a sclerotized bar; each spiracular opening 25–38 μm wide, with 2–4 multilocular disc pores (Fig. 6 I) in atrium. Abdominal spiracles (Fig. 6 J) in six pairs on margins of abdominal segments I – VI, each spiracular opening 18–28 μm wide; posterior end of atrium swollen with irregular processes, a ring of 4–8 multilocular disc pores (Fig. 6 K) within atrium. Multilocular disc pores (Fig. 6 I, K) associated with thoracic and abdominal spiracles, each approximately 5 μm in diameter, with a shallowly invaginated central loculus and 7–11 outer loculi. Anal ring U-shaped, located dorsally near anterior edge of last abdominal segment. Vulva situated on venter of abdominal segment VIII.</p><p>Dorsum. Disc pores of two types: (i) small multilocular disc pores (Fig. 6 L), each approximately 5.5 μm in diameter, with a deeply invaginated center and 7–9 outer loculi; scattered on head, forming a segmental transverse band on all other segments; (ii) simple pores (Fig. 6 M), each 4–5 μm in diameter, a few present present on margin of last abdominal segment. Setae (Fig. 6 N) of only one type: short and hair-like, each 10–15 μm long, distribution as for multilocular disc pores.</p><p>Venter. Disc pores of four types: (i) small multilocular disc pores (Fig. 6 L), same size and structure as on dorsum, scattered on head and prothorax, and forming a segmental transverse band on each of abdominal segments I – VI; (ii) large multilocular disc pores (Fig. 6 O), each 6–7 μm in diameter, with a deeply invaginated center and 8–10 outer loculi; distributed in a large group on abdominal segments VI – IX; (iii) simple pores (Fig. 6 M), same size and structure as on dorsum, three or four pores present on each side of vulva, forming a short transverse band on median area of abdominal segments VI and VII, and few present medially on other abdominal segments; (iv) irregular simple pores (Fig. 6 P), each 3–4 μm wide, with one, two or three simple pores fused, present anterior to the vestigial mouthparts. Setae of three types: (i) short and hair-like setae (Fig. 6 N), same size and distribution as on dorsum; (ii) long hair-like setae (Fig. 6 Q), each 40–63 μm long, with 3–7 setae present near each coxa and few shorter setae present on median area of head and abdominal segments I – VII, each 25–38 μm long; (iii) small conical setae (Fig. 6 R), each approximately 2.5 μm long, few present near each thoracic spiracle, and one or two setae present on submargins of abdominal segments near each spiracle.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The adult female of K. hiemalis is similar to that of K. pasaniae Borchsenius in having: (i) six pairs of abdominal spiracles and (ii) 12–17 capitate setae at the distal end of each tibia. It differs from the latter in having (character state of K. pasaniae in parentheses): (i) abdominal spiracles each with an irregularly swollen atrium and a ring of 4–8 multilocular disc pores within the atrium (Fig. 7 A) (abdominal spiracles each with a regularly swollen atrium, with 1–4 multilocular disc pores, mostly one or two pores, occasionally three or four pores (Fig. 7 B)). The adult female of K. hiemalis is similar to that of K. hainanensis in having: (i) six pairs of abdominal spiracles and (ii) each abdominal spiracle with an irregularly swollen atrium and multilocular disc pores within the atrium. It differs from the latter in having (character states in K. hainanensis in parentheses): (i) 4–8 multilocular disc pores within the atrium of each abdominal spiracle (three or four pores within the atrium); (ii) simple pores present on the venter only (small simple pores present on the dorsum.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Zhejiang, and Guizhou).</p><p>Host plants.</p><p>Quercus aliena, Q. acutissima ( Fagaceae).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet “ hiemalis ” is a feminine Latin adjective derived from noun “ hiems ” meaning “ winter, ” referring to the emergence of adult females during the winter season.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A5E6813933C257A995D56150515BC654	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zheng, Xinyi;Li, Yu-Ang;Xing, Jichun;Wu, San-An	Zheng, Xinyi, Li, Yu-Ang, Xing, Jichun, Wu, San-An (2026): Three new species of Kuwania Cockerell (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Kuwaniidae) from China and redescription of K. pasaniae Borchsenius. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 73 (1): 255-273, DOI: 10.3897/dez.73.177625
BB2C3740E3B05973BBF46759FB13BA5A.text	BB2C3740E3B05973BBF46759FB13BA5A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kuwania pasaniae Borchsenius 1960	<div><p>[4] Kuwania pasaniae Borchsenius, 1960</p><p>Figs 1 E – F, 8 A – L, 9 A – L, 10 A – F</p><p>Kuwania pasaniae Borchsenius, 1960: 914 . (holotype in Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia; type locality: Yunnan).</p><p>Chinese vernacular name.</p><p>柯树皮珠蚧.</p><p>Non-type material.</p><p>Guangdong • 10 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂, eight intermediate-stage female nymphs, labeled “ Guangdong province, Shenzhen City, Maluan Mountain, on Lithocarpus glauca ( Fagaceae), 2023. II. 1, Caijuan Jia leg. ” [in Chinese] (a total of 11 slides) three slides each containing two females mounted together, one female mounted singly on one slide, three females mounted together on one slide, two slides each containing three nymphs mounted together, two nymphs mounted together on one slide, two mounted together on one slide, one mounted with an exuviate mounted together on one slide, and three pairs of fore wings mounted together on one slide (BFUC) ; Guangxi • 1 ♀, labeled “ Guangxi province, Fangchenggang City, Shangsi County, Shiwandashan hundreds birds paradise, on Fagaceae, 2024. II. 5, Fan Gao leg. ” [in Chinese] mounted singly on one slide (GUGC) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Although the adult female has been described and illustrated by Borchsenius (1960), Danzig (1980), and Tang and Hao (1995), it is redescribed and illustrated here following modern standards. Additionally, the adult male and intermediate-stage female nymph are described and illustrated for the first time.</p><p>Description of adult female.</p><p>Appearance in life (Fig. 1 E, F). Body oblong, with head narrow and posterior end round; body red, naked or with flocculent wax; crawling on the trunk of host plant.</p><p>Slide-mounted material (Fig. 8) (n = 11). Body 3.1–4.3 mm long, 1.1–1.8 mm wide; derm membranous, segmentation distinct. Antennae (Fig. 8 A) each 620–740 μm long. Antennal segment lengths (in μm): I, 150–195; II, 63–93; III, 65–85; IV, 65–80; V, 63–83; VI, 48–80; VII, 55–75; VIII, 55–58; IX, 68–75. Basal two segments (Fig. 8 B) largest. Scape 130–220 μm wide, mostly membranous but base sclerotized, with a sclerotized bar on both surfaces; hair-like setae each 7–12 μm long, scattered and forming a group at dorsal base. Pedicel short cylindrical, with hair-like setae near distal end, 3–5 coeloconic sensilla, and 3–6 campaniform sensilla on dorsum. Antennal segments III – VIII each bowl-like, bearing a ring of hair-like setae on distal margin, with dorsal setae (each approximately 17 μm long) shorter than ventral setae (each 30–43 μm long); segments IV – VIII each with a pair of sensory setae (each approximately 30 μm long) near apex. Apical segment oval, 40–50 μm wide, with approximately five sensory setae, 10 hair-like setae, and a pair of coeloconic sensilla at distal end. Eyespot slightly sclerotized, located lateral to antennal base. Legs developed, measurements (in μm): foreleg: entire length 750–950, coxa 120–170, trochanter + femur 240–375, tibia 220–335, tarsus 105–113, claw 30–33; middle leg: entire length 850–1,015, coxa 130–170, trochanter + femur 305–400, tibia 260–385, tarsus 120–130, claw 33–35; hind leg: entire length 890–1,080, coxa 125–140, trochanter + femur 310–405, tibia 290–348, tarsus 150–180, claw 35–40. Hind leg trochanter + femur approximately 0.7 times as long as tibia + tarsus, tibia 1.9 times tarsal length. Coxa with 15–24 hair-like setae each approximately 10 μm long, scattered; trochanter (Fig. 8 C) bearing six or seven campaniform sensilla on each face, with 2–4 long hair-like setae each 25–50 μm long at distal end, remaining setae short; femur strong, with few short hair-like setae scattered; short hair-like setae present on distal half of tibia, becoming slightly longer towards apex, each seta 15–19 μm long, and a tuft of 13–30 capitate setae (each 23–25 μm long) at distal end (Fig. 8 D); tarsus with few short hair-like setae; claw with one denticle and two sharply-tipped claw digitules (each approximately 15 μm long), shorter than claw. Thoracic spiracles (Fig. 8 E) each with a sclerotized bar, each spiracular opening approximately 28 μm wide, with 1–3 multilocular disc pores in atrium. Abdominal spiracles (Fig. 8 F) in six pairs on margin of abdominal segments I – VI, each spiracular opening approximately 22 μm wide; 1–4 multilocular disc pores (mostly one or two) within atrium. Anal ring (Fig. 8 G) U-shaped, located dorsally near anterior edge of last abdominal segment. Vulva (Fig. 8 H) situated on venter of abdominal segment VIII.</p><p>Dorsum. Disc pores of only one type: small multilocular disc pores (Fig. 8 I), each 5–6 μm in diameter, with an invaginated center and 5–7 outer loculi; scattered on head, prothorax and last segment, forming a segmental transverse band on all other segments. Setae of only one type: short and hair-like, each approximately 12 μm long, distribution as for multilocular disc pores.</p><p>Venter. Disc pores of four types: (i) small multilocular disc pores (Fig. 8 I), same size and structure as on dorsum; scattered on head, prothorax, forming a segmental transverse band on abdominal segments I – VI (few pores on segment I), also present near opening of each thoracic and abdominal spiracle; (ii) large multilocular disc pores (Fig. 8 J), each approximately 7 μm in diameter, with an invaginated center and 5–9 outer loculi; distributed in a large group on abdominal segments VII – IX; (iii) simple pores (Fig. 8 K), each 4–5 μm in diameter; present medially from metathorax to last abdominal segment, forming a transverse band on each of abdominal segments V – VII, with more pores present on posteriormost three segments; and (iv) irregular simple pores (Fig. 8 L), each 3–5 μm wide, with one, two or three simple pores fused, present anterior to the remnant of mouthparts. Setae of three types: (i) short and hair-like setae, same size and distribution as on dorsum; (ii) long hair-like setae, each 92–118 μm long, 3–7 setae present near each coxa, and few shorter setae present on medial abdominal area, each 33–50 μm long; (iii) small conical setae, each approximately 2 μm long, a few present near each thoracic spiracle.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The redescription of Kuwania pasaniae Borchsenius above differs from the original description in Borchsenius (1960) in having (character states in the original description in parentheses): (i) 1–4 multilocular disc pores near the opening of each thoracic spiracle (with one multilocular disc pore near each opening); (ii) simple pores slightly smaller than or the same size as multilocular disc pores (simple pores slightly larger than multilocular disc pores); (iii) simple pores present from the metathorax to the last segment (present on the metathorax and abdominal segments V – VIII). Borchsenius (1960) based his description on specimens from Pasania sp. (now Lithocarpus, Fagaceae) collected in Yunnan Province. According to the original text, the holotype was collected in “ Куньмин ” (now Kunming City), and additional specimens were collected in “ Цзиндун ” (now Jingdong County). In contrast, the specimens described here were collected from Guangdong and Guangxi provinces. Yunnan is approximately 550–750 km from these two provinces; in contrast, Guangdong and Guangxi have a significantly warmer and more humid climate.</p><p>Gavrilov-Zimin (personal communication, 2026) has examined the type specimens of Kuwania pasaniae and found that this species possesses simple pores of variable size, approximately 2.5–6.0 μm in diameter. The simple pores of the specimens examined in this study measure 4–5 μm in diameter.</p><p>Description of adult male.</p><p>Appearance in life (Fig. 1 F). Body and anterior margin of fore-wing bright red, compound eyes dark brown. Antennae, legs and fore-wings developed; fore-wings large and broad. Posterior of abdomen with a tuft of long wax filaments.</p><p>Slide-mounted material (Fig. 9) (n = 3). Body small and slender, 1.6–1.9 mm long, approximately 0.5 mm wide across scutum. Head with one pair of prominent compound eyes laterally, one pair of ocelli dorsally, and a sclerotized series of ridges forming a five-armed star ventrally. Antennae each 10 - segmented, filiform. Fore-wings large and broad, with part of anterior margin sclerotized; hamulohalteres nearly fusiform, each with a hamulus on apex. Legs developed, each with tarsus one-segmented, claw with a small denticle near apex, and claw digitules knobbed, longer than claw. Abdominal spiracles numbering six pairs. Dorsum of abdominal segments VI and VII each with a transverse row of large tubular ducts. Abdomen without caudal extensions but segments VII and VIII each with rounded and slightly protruding lateral margins. Penial sheath extending posteriorly from beneath segment VIII. Loculate pores absent. Setae on body few.</p><p>Head: subrectangle in dorsal view, 175–200 μm long, 375–400 μm wide across compound eyes. Dorsally: Epicranium mainly membranous, with 15 or 16 dorsal head setae (dhs), each approximately 7.5 μm long; postoccipital suture (pos) sclerotized, with a narrow postocciput (poc). Laterally: Compound eyes (cde) prominent laterally, each 117–138 μm long and with 82–92 ommatidia, each ommatidium 12–15 µm in diameter. A pair of ocelli (o), each 25–30 μm wide, present on dorsum close to each compound eye. Ocular sclerite (ocs) weakly sclerotized with reticular pattern, ventral projection (p) and ventral sclerite (vs) present. Ventrally: with five strongly sclerotized ridges fused medially, forming a five-armed star, composed of: (i) a midcranial ridge (mcr) anteriorly; (ii) a pair of lateral preocular ridges (procr) antero-laterally; and (iii) a pair of preoral ridges (pror) postero-laterally; derm between above ridges membranous. Cranial apophysis (ca) short and broad. Ventral part of epicranium with 7–20 ventral head setae (vhs), median setae each approximately 30 μm long, setae near anterior margin each approximately 7.5 μm long. Mouth not detected. Ventral sclerites, anterior tentorial arms, posterior tentorial arms and tentorial bridge absent.</p><p>Antennae: each 10 - segmented, slightly shorter than or same size as body length, 1.5–1.7 mm long, ratio of total-body length to antennal length 1: 0.9. Scape (scp) and pedicel (pdc) short cylindrical; scape 63–67 µm long and 70–75 µm wide; pedicel narrower than scape, 47–48 µm long and 42–53 µm wide. Flagellar segment lengths (µm): III, 105–113; IV, 180–208; V, 225–238; VI, 211–228; VII, 205–210; VIII, 175–180; IX, 163–183; and X, 143–170. Hair-like setae (hs) (Fig. 9 A) each approximately 15 µm long, present on anterior five segments: scape with 14–18 short hair-like setae on dorsal surface, each seta 5–7 µm long, ventral surface with few setae; pedicel with a few setae near apex; segment III with four or five, IV with five or six, and V with one or two setae near each distal end. Pedicel (pdc) (Fig. 9 B) with three or four campaniform sensilla (camp) dorsally. Flagellar segments III – X each parallel-sided, 15–30 µm wide, with numerous fleshy setae (fs) (Fig. 9 C), except segment III with four or five fleshy setae on apex, each seta 22–35 µm long. Segments VI – IX each with two bristles (Fig. 9 D) near apex, segment X with four bristles near distal margin, each bristle 25–33 µm long. Segments VI – IX each with a long capitate seta (Fig. 9 E) (each 40–53 µm long) near apex; segment X with four long capitate setae near apex.</p><p>Thorax and prothorax. Separated from head by large membranous area with a narrow neck. Dorsally: With a small pair of post-tergites (pt), sclerotized and lying longitudinally, each approximately 33 µm long. Pronotal ridge absent. Laterally: Cervical sclerites (cv) narrow and sclerotized, each articulating anteriorly with ventral projection (p) and ventral sclerite (vs). Propleural ridge (plr 1) extending from articulation with coxa of foreleg; pleural apophysis (pla 1) distinct. Ventrally: With reticular wrinkles on median area anteriorly. Prosternum (stn 1) with a well-sclerotized median ridge, 120–163 µm long, slightly broader at posterior end. Prothorax without setae.</p><p>Mesothorax. Well sclerotized. Dorsally: Prescutum (prsc) approximately oval, 110–125 µm long and 205–215 µm wide, with reticular pattern on median area. Scutum (sct) with approximately 12 scutal setae (scts) on each side medially, margin with reticular pattern; distance from prescutum to scutellum 92–120 µm. Scutellum (scl) triangular, without membranous areas or setae. A membranous area present between scutellum and mesopostnotum; mesopostnotum (pn 2) long, but more than half of its area covered by membranous area of metathorax forming mesopostphragma (phr 2). Laterally: Prealare (pra) narrow; tegula (teg) slightly sclerotized, with approximately four tegular setae (tegs). Mesopleural ridge (plr 2) and pleural apophysis (pla 2) developed; mesepisternum (eps 2) sclerotized with reticular pattern laterally. Mesothoracic spiracles (sp 2) distinct, without associated setae, each peritreme 27–33 µm wide. Ventrally: Basisternum (stn 2) sclerotized with reticular pattern, 225–235 µm long and 250–280 µm wide, without a sclerotized median ridge, anterior marginal ridge (mr) unsclerotized, but mesoprecoxal ridges (pcr 2) well-developed; furca (f) developed, with strongly divergent arms. Venter without setae.</p><p>Metathorax. Almost entirely membranous. Dorsally: Metapostnotum absent. Laterally: A small suspensorial sclerite (ss) present near each hamulohaltere (h); metapleural ridge and metapleural apophyses developed; metaprecoxal ridge (pcr 3) well developed and extending medio-ventrally, postcoxal ridge present. Posterior spiracles (sp 3) similar in structure and size to anterior pair. Ventrally: metasternum (stn 3) slightly sclerotized, with distinct lateral metasternal apophysis (stn 3 a). Metathorax without setae.</p><p>Wings: Fore-wings large and well developed, each 1.6–1.9 mm long and 0.6–0.7 mm wide; ratio of length to width 1: 0.9–1.0; ratio of total-body length to wing length 1: 0.4. Costal thickening (CT) sclerotized. Subcosta (Sc) present along CT from wing base toward apex but disappearing at approximately 3 / 5 along wing length. Radius (R) originating from wing base and disappearing approximately 5 / 6 along wing length, with approximately 12 circular sensoria (sens) along R, A group of 5–6 circular sensoria (sens) (Fig. 9 F) near Sc + R base but without alar setae. Media (M) clear, originates from R at approximately 1 / 5 wing length and runs obliquely to wing apex. Cubitus (Cu) broad and slightly sclerotized. Anal fold (af) clear, between Cu and wing posterior margin. Alar lobe fold (alf) sclerotized along proximal posterior margin. Hamulohalteres (h) (Fig. 9 G) nearly fusiform, 153–225 µm long, approximately 38 µm at widest point; slightly sclerotized, with some diagonal sclerotized folds; a small hamulus (ham) at apex, approximately 7.5 µm long.</p><p>Legs. Well developed and slender, hind leg longest, middle leg shortest. Leg measurements (µm): fore leg, entire length 980–1095, middle leg, entire length 970–1060, hind leg, entire length 1030–1195; hind leg: coxa 130–135, trochanter + femur 328–355, tibia 410–485, tarsi, 170–205; claws 20–31. Hind trochanter + femur 0.5–0.6 times as long as hind tibia + tarsus; ratio of length of hind tibia to hind tarsus 2.4: 1. Leg surfaces with transverse ridges except on claw. Coxa (cx) with short setae proximally on each side, each seta approximately 6 µm long, plus longer hs (each approximately 17 µm long) near apex; trochanter (tr) with four campaniform sensilla on each side, and seven or eight hs; femur (fm) with approximately 10 hs on both surfaces, one or two setae on inner margin spur-like, each approximately 13 µm long; tibia (tib) with many tibial spurs (tibs) (Fig. 9 H) on inner margin, few hs (Fig. 9 I) on outer margin; tarsus (tar) one-segmented, with three hs and a line of tarsal spurs (tabs) on inner margin; claw (c) (Fig. 9 J) broad and curved, with a small denticle near apex; claw digitules (cdgt) capitate, longer than claw, each approximately 24 µm long.</p><p>Abdomen. Derm mainly membranous; caudal extensions absent, but lateral margins of segments VII and VIII rounded and prominent, hs few. Dorsally: Tergites absent; segments VI and VII each with a transverse row of large tubular ducts (tdc) (Fig. 9 K), each duct 14–24 µm long and approximately 5 µm in diameter; each duct with inner longitudinal ridges; segment VI with 12–18 tubular ducts and segment VII with 12–15 tubular ducts. Number of dorsal abdominal setae (ads) per segment: I, 0; II, 0 or 1; III, 2–4; IV, 4–6; V, 5–7; VI, 5–9; VII, 6–10; VIII, 5–9. Laterally: Pleurites absent. Abdominal spiracles (asp) present on segments I – VI. Pleural setae difficult to separate into dorsal and ventral pleural setae, but perhaps with 1–3 hair-like setae on each of segments II – VIII. Ventrally: Segment I present; sternites (as) slightly sclerotized, some posterior sternites more strongly sclerotized. Number of ventral abdominal setae (avs) per segment: I, 0; II, 1–4; III, approximately five; IV, five or six; V, four or five; VI, 7–9; VII, 7–9; VIII, 9–12. Each segment on venter with the two medial setae significantly longer, each approximately 15 µm long, other setae on abdomen each approximately 7 µm long.</p><p>Genital segment. Anal opening with sclerotized rim, situated near apex of segment VIII dorsally, approximately 28 µm wide. Penial sheath (ps) (Fig. 9 L) approximately conical and sclerotized, extending posteriorly from beneath segment VIII, 120–129 µm long, widest near base (55–65 µm wide), tapering towards apex; with a large opening ventrally through which aedeagus emerges. Aedeagus (aed) membranous and broad, 95–102 µm long. Eversible endophallus absent. Penial sheath with three or four penial sheath setae (pss) on each side.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The adult male of Kuwania pasaniae Borchsenius differs from that of K. bipora Borchsenius in having (character states in K. bipora in parentheses): (i) head derm between midcranial ridge and preocular ridges with a reticular pattern (derm of corresponding position membranous); (ii) many sclerotized sclerites with a reticular pattern, such as the prescutum, scutum, basisternum, and mesepisternum (only mesepisternum with a reticular pattern anteriorly); (iii) 12–18 tubular ducts on each of abdominal segments VI and VII (5–11 tubular ducts on each of these segments).</p><p>Description of intermediate-stage female nymph.</p><p>Appearance in life. Body oval, red; legs and antennae reduced.</p><p>Slide-mounted material (Fig. 10) (n = 8). Body 1.0– 1.6 mm long and 1.3–1.7 mm wide, slightly sclerotized. Antennae (Fig. 10 A) reduced to small plate-like structures, each 15–25 μm in diameter, with approximately three short setae each 15–25 μm long. Eyes absent. Labium two-segmented, 70–83 μm long and 45–50 μm wide; a pair of setae present on apex, each 12–13 μm long. Clypeolabral shield much longer than labium, 155–250 μm long and 88–163 μm wide. Thoracic spiracles (Fig. 10 B) each with 25–35 multilocular disc pores (Fig. 10 C) within atrium, each spiracular opening 13–18 μm wide. Abdominal spiracles (Fig. 10 D) numbering six pairs, present on submargins of abdominal segments I – VI; each with 11–15 multilocular disc pore in atrium. Abdominal segment I seemingly much narrower on venter than on dorsum. Anal ring simple, 15–18 μm wide; located subapically on dorsum, without pores or setae.</p><p>Dorsum. Disc pores of one type: multilocular disc pores (Fig. 10 E), each 6–13 μm in diameter, with a large central loculus and 4–12 (mostly 9–12) outer loculi, sometimes central loculus with a small cleft; distributed on margins but posterior three or four segments without disc pores. Microducts (Fig. 10 F) each approximately 2.5 μm wide, with a slender filament, numerous, distributed over all dorsal surface. Setae absent.</p><p>Venter. Disc pores of same size and structure as on dorsum (Fig. 10 E), distributed on margins, mostly near each thoracic and abdominal spiracle. Microducts (Fig. 10 F) of same size and distribution as on dorsum. Setae of only one type: small conical setae each approximately 4 μm long, with 6–9 setae present near each thoracic spiracle.</p><p>Host plants.</p><p>Lithocarpus pasania, L. glauca, and Quercus mongolica ( Fagaceae).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Yunnan, Guangdong and Guangxi), Japan, and Russia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BB2C3740E3B05973BBF46759FB13BA5A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zheng, Xinyi;Li, Yu-Ang;Xing, Jichun;Wu, San-An	Zheng, Xinyi, Li, Yu-Ang, Xing, Jichun, Wu, San-An (2026): Three new species of Kuwania Cockerell (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Kuwaniidae) from China and redescription of K. pasaniae Borchsenius. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 73 (1): 255-273, DOI: 10.3897/dez.73.177625
