taxonID	type	description	language	source
2575A120FFD8FFB03797797ED08BFDC1.taxon	vernacular_names	[New Japanese name: Suzaku-zebra-yadokari]	en	Komai, Tomoyuki (2025): Two new species of the pagurid hermit crab genus Pylopaguropsis Alcock, 1905 (Decapoda: Anomura) from Japan. Zootaxa 5620 (2): 315-334, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5620.2.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5620.2.6
2575A120FFD8FFB03797797ED08BFDC1.taxon	description	(Figs. 1 – 6)	en	Komai, Tomoyuki (2025): Two new species of the pagurid hermit crab genus Pylopaguropsis Alcock, 1905 (Decapoda: Anomura) from Japan. Zootaxa 5620 (2): 315-334, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5620.2.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5620.2.6
2575A120FFD8FFB03797797ED08BFDC1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype. CBM-ZC 17880, male (sl 8.0 mm), off Ose-zaki, Numazu, Shizuoka Prefecture, 69 m deep, 14 February 2014, SCUVA diving, coll. H. Arima, DNA voucher.	en	Komai, Tomoyuki (2025): Two new species of the pagurid hermit crab genus Pylopaguropsis Alcock, 1905 (Decapoda: Anomura) from Japan. Zootaxa 5620 (2): 315-334, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5620.2.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5620.2.6
2575A120FFD8FFB03797797ED08BFDC1.taxon	description	Description. Thirteen pairs of biserial gills. Shield (Fig. 1 A) 1.1 times as long as broad; anterolateral margins sloping; anterior margin between rostrum and lateral projections weakly concave; posterior margin roundly truncate; dorsal surface smooth, with some tufts of short setae arranged symmetrically. Rostrum moderately broadly triangular, terminating isp. novinule, far overreaching lateral projections. Lateral projections obtusely triangular, each with small submarginal spine. Ocular peduncles (Fig. 1 A) relatively slender, 0.7 length of shield, slightly inflated proximally, with row of tufts of short setae on dorsal surface mesially; corneas not dilated, width 0.16 of peduncular length. Ocular acicles triangular, apices acute, well separated basally. Antennular peduncle (Fig. 1 A), when fully extended, overreaching distal corneal margin by about 0.3 length of ultimate peduncular article. Ultimate article almost parallel-sided in dorsal view, with subdistal tuft of short setae near dorsolateral distal angle. Penultimate article glabrous, much shorter than ultimate article. Basal article with small spine on dorsolateral margin of statocyst lobe; ventromesial distal angle terminating in subacute tooth, but not particularly produced. Antennal peduncle (Fig. 1 A), when fully extended, reaching distal corneal margin. Fifth and fourth articles with few scattered setae. Third article with small spine at ventromedial distal angle and few setae. Second article with dorsolateral distal angle strongly produced, well reaching beyond midlength of fourth article, terminating in bifid spine; dorsomesial distal angle with small spine. First article with 3 spinules on ventrodistal margin lateral to excretely pore. Acicle barely reaching base of cornea or midlength of fifth peduncular article, noticeably arcuate; terminating acutely, with row of individual or tufts of setae. Flagellum far overreaching tip of outstretched right cheliped by about 0.4 length; most articles each with several short and moderately long setae. Third maxilliped (Fig. 1 B, C) with moderately slender endopod. Carpus and merus unarmed. Ischium with well-developed crista dentata consisting of row of corneous-tipped spines increased in size proximally, and 1 strong accessory tooth with corneous tip. Basis with 3 corneous-tipped spines on mesial margin. Right cheliped (Fig. 2 A – E) massive, operculate, almost glabrous except for few sparse short setae. Dactylus very broad, dorsoventrally flattened, noticeably curved ventrally, set slightly obliquely to palm, terminating into small corneous clow; surfaces almost glabrous except for row of tufts of short setae adjacent to occlusal margin on ventral surface; dorsal surface with covering of granules; dorsomesial margin sharply delimited with row of closely-spaced small tubercles; ventral surface gently rounded transversely, with scattered granules; occlusal margin faintly sinuous, with broad obtuse tooth proximally and row of small blunt tooth theretofore. Palm broad, particularly distally (1.1 times as wide as long measured along mesial margin); dorsal surface slightly convex, glabrous, with scattered blunt granules extending onto fixed finger, but no cosp. novicuous spines or tubercles; dorsolateral margin distinctly delimited with irregular row of small tubercles or granules, extending onto fixed finger, faintly sinuous in dorsal view; dorsomesial margin rounded; mesial face generally rounded, with covering of small granules; ventral surface nearly smooth, slightly elevated into oblique ridge between base of dactylus and midpoint near proximal end; fixed finger broadly triangular, terminating in blunt tip bearing 2 closely set corneous spinules; ventral surface with row of tufts of short setae adjacent to occlusal margin; occlusal margin with 1 low, broad tooth at midlength and row of few small blunt tooth proximally. Carpus considerably broader distally (1.2 times as long as distal width); dorsodistal margin with row of small spines; dorsal surface transversely convex, with sparse granules and short transverse ridges laterally; dorsolateral margin not delimited; dorsomesial margin also not clearly delimited, but with few small spines distally; ventral surface convex, with row of small tubercles on mesial margin, smooth on lateral side. Merus triangular; dorsodistal margin unarmed; dorsal surface with short, low transverse ridges in distal half; lateral surface with sparse granules and rugosity particularly on dorsal side, ventrolateral margin with row of small tubercles or granules; mesial face generally smooth but with sparse granules near ventromesial margin, ventromesial margin somewhat produced, with row of moderately large spines and tubercles; ventral surface produced on lateral side, nearly smooth. Ischium unarmed. Left cheliped (Fig. 3 A – D) slender, reaching base of dactylus of outstretched right cheliped; propodal-carpal articulation twisted counterclockwise approximately 30 °; dactylus and fixed finger bent downward. Chela 2.8 times as long as wide. Dactylus 1.1 length of palm, terminating in small corneous claw, with scattered tufts of setae; dorsal surface slightly rounded transversely. Palm nearly parallel-sided, 1.4 times as long as broad; dorsal surface with longitudinal rows of tiny spines or tubercles mesially, remaining dorsal surface to lateral surface with minute, scattered single or bifid granules; mesial face smooth, with sparse tufts of setae; ventral surface also smooth, weakly convex transversely; fixed finger with sparse tufts of setae; occlusal margin with row of minute, sharp denticles, terminating in 2 paired corneous claw. Carpus broadened distally in dorsal view, 2.6 times as long as distal breadth; dorsomesial margin with row of moderately strong spines; dorsal surface with longitudinal row of smaller spines mesial to midline, dorsolateral surface sloping to lateral surface without delineation of margin, with scattered, coarse granules or tiny tubercles, and also with sparse setae (setae numerous along dorsomesial margin); dorsodistal margin with few small spines laterally; mesial face nearly flat, with few tiny tubercles dorsally and low, setae-bearing low protuberances ventrally; ventral surface slightly convex. Merus lateral surface with scattered coarse granules, ventrolateral margin with row of strong spines on distal half, followed by irregular rows of tiny, spinulose tubercles; mesial face glabrous, ventromesial margin with row of small spines or tubercles on proximal half. Ischium with row of minute denticles on ventromesial margin distally, otherwise unarmed. Second and left third pereopods generally similar, right third pereopod approximately 1.2 times longer than left. Second pereopods (Fig. 4 A – C) with dactyli 1.2 length of propodi, 6.7 times as long as broad, gently curved ventrally in lateral view, almost straight in dorsal view; dorsal margins each with row of tufts of stiff setae, ventral margins with 10 (right) or 12 (left) corneous spines, terminating in large corneous claw; mesial surfaces each with row of 11 corneous spinules adjacent to dorsal margin and 1 (right) or 2 (left) additional corneous spinule adjacent to ventral margin; lateral surfaces each with shallow median sulcus extending from base to beyond midlength; mesial surfaces each with faint median sulcus limited to proximal part. Propodi slightly arcuate, with row of tufts of setae on dorsal margins; lateral and mesial faces almost glabrous; ventral margins with sparse short setae and corneous spinule on distal margin. Carpi each with small dorsodistal spine and 6 additional dorsal spinules, and sparse tufts of setae on dorsal margin. Meri each with row of tufts of setae on dorsal and ventral margins, ventrolateral distal margin with 1 tiny subdistal spine; lateral and mesial faces glabrous. Ischia unarmed, tufts of setae on dorsal and ventral margins. Left third pereopod (Fig. 4 D – F) with dactylus 1.5 length of propodus, 6.5 times as long as broad, slightly twisted in dorsal view, slightly curved in lateral view, terminating in large corneous claw; dorsal margin with row of tufts of setae; ventral margin with row of 14 corneous spines increasing in size distally; lateral face with shallow median sulcus in proximal half, mesial face with row of corneous spinules adjacent to dorsal margin and row of single or paired corneous spinules along midline. Propodus with 1 corneous spinule on ventrodistal margin, followed by 2 corneous spinules on ventral margin; dorsal margin with row of tufts of setae; lateral and mesial faces glabrous. Carpus with small dorsodistal spine and sparse setae on dorsal margin. Merus unarmed, with row of tufts of setae on dorsal and ventral margins; lateral and mesial faces glabrous. Ischium unarmed; sinuous dorsal margin with row of setae. Right third pereopod (Figs. 4 G, H, 5 A, B) not appreciably broader than left in distal two articles. Dactylus 1.5 length of propodus, 6.8 times as long as broad, slightly twisted in dorsal view, slightly curved in lateral view; dorsolateral margin forming distinct carina bearing row of about 40 minute spinules, dorsal face with row of tufts of long setae; lateral face with 2 shallow longitudinal sulci, lower sulcus with row of tufts of short setae; mesial face transversely convex, with row of 11 corneous spinules adjacent to dorsal margin, and scattered corneous spinules below dorsal row; ventral margins with row of 17 corneous spines. Propodus slightly arcuate, with sharply carinate dorsolateral margin over entire length, bearing row of minute spinules; dorsal surface flat, with row of tufts of stiff setae; lateral surface with shallow sulcus on dorsal half; mesial surface transversely convex, almost glabrous; ventral margin with row of 8 corneous spinules, ventrodistal margin with 2 corneous spinules. Carpus with small dorsodistal spine, but dorsal surface otherwise unarmed, but with row of tufts of stiff setae; lateral surface with row of tufts of short setae along midline, mesial surface with few short setae. Merus unarmed, with tufts of setae on dorsal and ventral margins. Ischium unarmed. Fourth pereopods (Fig. 1 D) with no preungual process on dactylus apparent. Propodal rasp of 2 rows of corneous scales extending almost over entire length of ventral margin. Carpus without dorsodistal spine. Fifth pereopods chelate. Coxae each with gonopore partially masked by short setae (Fig. 1 F). Third thoracic sternite unarmed. Sixth thoracic sternite (Fig. 1 E) with poorly defined, obsolescent lobe bearing several setae arranged in transverse rows. Eighth thoracic sternite (Fig. 1 F) vertically compressed, divided in 2 blunt lobes. Pleon (Fig. 6) dextrally twisted, with unpaired third to fifth pleopods. Uropods markedly asymmetrical. Telson (Fig. 1 G) with deep transverse indentation; posterior lobes distinctly wider than anterior lobes, subtriangular, separated by shallow median cleft; terminal margins oblique, left with row of several spinules not extending to lateral angle (tip of left posterolateral angle strongly folded), right with row of some spinules extending to lateral angle; lateral margins unarmed. Colouration in life. Carapace and pleon generally white, anterolateral margins of shield lined by crimson; anterior part of branchiostegite also crimson, with thin, white median stripe. Ocular peduncles and acicles crimson, former with white stripes on dorsal midline and mesial face. Antennular peduncle basal article crimson; penultimate and ultimate articles yellow; flagella yellowish translucent. Antennal peduncles generally crimson, fifth article with broad white stripe on dorsal surface; antennal acicle white; antennal flagellum crimson, whitish proximally. Right chela dactylus and fixed finger whitish, palm with tinge of pink dorsomesially; carpus pinkish; merus crimson with thin white stripe on dorsal surface. Left chela orange-red, with irregular median white stripe on palm dorsal surface; carpus and merus crimson, with white stripes on dorsal surface along dorsolateral margin and mesial surface. Ambulatory legs generally crimson; dactylus with white median stripe on each lateral and mesial faces; propodi, carpi and meri each with 2 white stripes on lateral and mesial faces. Fourth and fifth pereopods pale orange, meri of fourth pereopods darker. See Fig. Genetic data. COI (LC 833902), 16 S rRNA (LC 834108).	en	Komai, Tomoyuki (2025): Two new species of the pagurid hermit crab genus Pylopaguropsis Alcock, 1905 (Decapoda: Anomura) from Japan. Zootaxa 5620 (2): 315-334, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5620.2.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5620.2.6
2575A120FFD8FFB03797797ED08BFDC1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from the type locality (Ose-zaki) in Suruga Bay, central Japan, at a depth of 69 m.	en	Komai, Tomoyuki (2025): Two new species of the pagurid hermit crab genus Pylopaguropsis Alcock, 1905 (Decapoda: Anomura) from Japan. Zootaxa 5620 (2): 315-334, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5620.2.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5620.2.6
2575A120FFD8FFB03797797ED08BFDC1.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Pylopaguropsis decora sp. nov. is referred to the P. magnimanus species group by its markedly dissimilar third pereopods with distinctly sculptured dactylus and propodus, but appears unique in the group in having a row of spinules on the dorsolateral carinae of the dactylus and propodus of the right third pereopod (Figs. 4 G, 5 A, B). A similar condition is not known thus far for any other congeneric species in the P. magnimanus group (cf. McLaughlin & Haig 1989; Asakura 2000; Asakura & Paulay 2003; Rahayu & Komai 2013). In the presence of spines on the dorsal surface of the left cheliped palm (including dorsomesial spines) and of additional spines on the dorsal surface of the carpi of the second pereopods, P. decora sp. nov. is similar to P. magnimanus and P. atlantica. Differentiating characters between P. decora sp. nov. and P. magnimanus include the following: (1) the palm of the right cheliped is only granulated on the dorsomesial part in P. decora sp. nov. (Fig. 2 A – C), rather thasp. novinose in P. magnimanus (cf. McLaughlin & Haig 1989: fig. 9 a); (2) the carpus of the right cheliped is devoid of cosp. novicuous spines on the dorsolateral surface in P. decora sp. nov. (Fig. 2 E), but in contrast, this surface is armed with cosp. novicuous spines in P. magnimanus (cf. McLaughlin & Haig 1989: fig. 7 a); (3) dorsolateral and dorsomesial spines on the left cheliped carpus are more numerous in the new species than in P. magnimanus (Fig. 3 A versus McLaughlin & Haig 1989: fig. 11 a); (4) the propodus of the right third pereopod has a distinctly carinate dorsolateral margin and a shallow longitudinal sulcus just below the dorsolateral carina, in P. decora sp. nov. (Fig. 4 G), whereas there is no such dorsolateral carina or lateral sulcus on that article in P. magnimanus (cf. McLaughlin & Haig 1989: fig. 3 a). Pylopaguropsis atlantica is unique in the genus in having a prominently elevated dorsolateral margin of the carpus of the right cheliped (McLaughlin & Haig 1989: fig. 7). The living colouration of P. decora sp. nov. (Fig. 6) is unique among the known congeneric species (cf. McLaughlin & Haig 1989; Asakura 2000, 2010; Komai & Osawa 2004; Osawa & Okuno 2007; Rahayu & Komai 2013; Arima 2014).	en	Komai, Tomoyuki (2025): Two new species of the pagurid hermit crab genus Pylopaguropsis Alcock, 1905 (Decapoda: Anomura) from Japan. Zootaxa 5620 (2): 315-334, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5620.2.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5620.2.6
2575A120FFD8FFB03797797ED08BFDC1.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin “ decorus ” (= beautiful), in reference to the beautiful living colour of this new species.	en	Komai, Tomoyuki (2025): Two new species of the pagurid hermit crab genus Pylopaguropsis Alcock, 1905 (Decapoda: Anomura) from Japan. Zootaxa 5620 (2): 315-334, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5620.2.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5620.2.6
2575A120FFD0FFB737977CB7D31FF8DC.taxon	vernacular_names	[New Japanese name: Kotobuki-zebra-yadokari]	en	Komai, Tomoyuki (2025): Two new species of the pagurid hermit crab genus Pylopaguropsis Alcock, 1905 (Decapoda: Anomura) from Japan. Zootaxa 5620 (2): 315-334, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5620.2.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5620.2.6
2575A120FFD0FFB737977CB7D31FF8DC.taxon	description	(Figs. 7 – 11)	en	Komai, Tomoyuki (2025): Two new species of the pagurid hermit crab genus Pylopaguropsis Alcock, 1905 (Decapoda: Anomura) from Japan. Zootaxa 5620 (2): 315-334, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5620.2.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5620.2.6
2575A120FFD0FFB737977CB7D31FF8DC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: CBM-ZC 17881, female (cl 4.0 mm), off Hamahiga Island, Okinawa Islands, Ryukyu Islands, Japan, 120 m deep, 23 July 2017, baited trap, coll. K. Abe, DNA voucher.	en	Komai, Tomoyuki (2025): Two new species of the pagurid hermit crab genus Pylopaguropsis Alcock, 1905 (Decapoda: Anomura) from Japan. Zootaxa 5620 (2): 315-334, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5620.2.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5620.2.6
2575A120FFD0FFB737977CB7D31FF8DC.taxon	description	Description. Thirteen pairs of biserial gills. Shield (Fig. 7 A) approximately as long as broad; anterolateral margins sloping; anterior margin between rostrum and lateral projections concave; posterior margin roundly truncate; dorsal surface smooth, with some tufts of short setae arranged symmetrically. Rostrum broadly triangular, terminating isp. novinule, overreaching lateral projections. Lateral projections obtusely triangular, each with small submarginal spine. Ocular peduncles (Fig. 7 A) relatively slender, 0.7 length of shield, slightly inflated proximally, with row of tufts of short setae on dorsal surface mesially; corneas not dilated, width 0.22 of peduncular length. Ocular acicles triangular, apicies acute, well separated basally. Antennular peduncle (Fig. 7 A), when fully extended, overreaching distal corneal margin by about half length of ultimate peduncular article. Ultimate article slightly broadened in dorsal view, with 2 setae at dorsolateral distal angle. Penultimate article glabrous, much shorter than ultimate article. Basal article with small spine on dorsolateral margin of statocyst lobe; ventromesial distal angle terminating in subacute tooth, but not particularly produced. Antennal peduncle (Fig. 7 A), when fully extended, reaching distal corneal margins. Fifth and fourth articles with few scattered setae. Third article with small spine at ventromedial distal angle and few setae. Second segment with dorsolateral distal angle strongly produced, well reaching beyond midlength of fourth article, terminating in bifid spine; dorsomesial distal angle with small spine. First article with 3 closely set spinules on ventrodistal margin lateral to excretely pore. Acicle barely reaching distal corneal margin or reaching midlength of fifth peduncular article, noticeably arcuate; terminating acutely, with row of individual or tufts of setae. Flagellum far overreaching tip of outstretched right cheliped by about 0.4 length; most articles each with several short and moderately long setae. Third maxilliped (Fig. 7 B, C) with moderately slender endopod. Carpus and merus unarmed. Ischium with well-developed crista dentata consisting of row of corneous-tipped spines increased in size proximally, and 1 strong accessory tooth with corneous tip. Basis with 3 corneous-tipped spines on mesial margin. Right cheliped (Fig. 8 A – E) operculate. Dactylus broad, dorsoventrally flattened, somewhat curved ventrally, set obliquely to palm, terminating into small corneous clow; surfaces with sparse tufts of short setae; dorsal surface with scattered, small, low tubercles; dorsomesial margin sharply delimited with row of closely-spaced small spines or tubercles; ventral surface gently rounded transversely, with scattered, small, low tubercles and shallow sulcus adjacent to mesial margin; occlusal margin with row of blunt teeth. Palm broad, particularly distally (1.2 times as wide as long measured along mesial margin); dorsal surface slightly convex, almost glabrous except for setae on dorsomesial margin, with scattered small spines or tubercles; dorsolateral margin distinctly delimited with irregular row of small spines or tubercles, extending onto fixed finger; dorsomesial surface rounded, with irregular rows of small spines; mesial face with sparse small tubercles and moderately long setae; ventral surface gently convex, with scattered small to moderately small, low tubercles; fixed finger broadly triangular, terminating in blunt tip bearing 2 closely set corneous spinules, with sparse tufts of setae on dorsal surface; ventral surface with scattered short setae; occlusal margin with row of low, blunt teeth in proximal two-thirds, distal one-third minutely crenulate. Carpus broader distally (1.5 times as long as distal width); dorsodistal margin with row of small spines; dorsal surface transversely convex, dorsal surface unarmed; dorsolateral margin with row of small spines or tubercles; dorsomesial margin with irregular row of small spines increasing in size distally; lateral surface with scattered small spines and tiny tubercles, mesial surface with small spines, tiny tubercles and moderately long setae on upper half; ventral surface convex, with moderately large tubercles mesially. Merus triangular; dorsodistal margin unarmed; dorsal surface smooth, almost glabrous; lateral surface with covering of coarse granules, ventrolateral margin with row of small spines or tubercles over entire length; mesial surface generally smooth but with sparse granules near ventromesial margin, ventromesial margin somewhat produced, with row of moderately large spines; ventral surface weakly produced on lateral side, with short to long setae. Ischium unarmed. Left cheliped (Fig. 9 A – D) slender, reaching base of dactylus of outstretched right cheliped; propodal-carpal articulation twisted counterclockwise approximately 30 °. Chela 3.2 times as long as wide, 1.1 times as long as carpus, fingers gently bent downward, with scattered tufts of long setae on surfaces. Dactylus subequal in length to palm, terminating in small corneous claw, with scattered tufts of setae on surfaces; dorsal surface slightly rounded transversely, no spines or tubercles; occlusal margin with row of minute corneous spinules in distal half. Palm nearly parallel-sided, 1.6 times as long as broad, without armature on surfaces; fixed finger with occlusal margin bearing row of minute, sharp calcareous teeth, terminating in 2 contiguous corneous claws. Carpus broadened distally in dorsal view, 3.2 times as long as distal breadth; dorsomesial margin with row of small spines and tufts of long setae; dorsolateral margin not clearly delimited, but with few small spines or tubercles and tufts of long setae; lateral surface with long setae dorsally, almost glabrous ventrally; mesial face nearly flat, with long setae dorsally and ventrally; ventral surface with numerous setae. Merus dorsal surface with few short setae; lateral surface with scattered granules, ventrolateral margin with row of strong spines on distal half; mesial face almost glabrous, ventromesial margin with 1 small spine far remote from distal angle, followed by small, low protuberances; ventral surface with numerous long setae. Ischium unarmed; ventral surface with several long setae. Second pereopods dissimilar from right to left with left shorter than right, but left in process of regeneration, not normal in development. Right second pereopod (Fig. 10 A – C) with dactylus 1.2 length of propodi, 7.5 times as long as broad, slightly curved ventrally in lateral view, almost straight in dorsal view, terminating in moderately large corneous claw; dorsal margin with row of tufts of stiff setae, ventral margin with 9 corneous spines; lateral surface slightly convex, with some setae adjacent to dorsal margin; mesial surface with row of 5 corneous spinules adjacent to dorsal margin in distal half. Propodus slightly arcuate, with row of tufts of setae on dorsal margin; lateral and mesial faces almost glabrous; ventral margin with sparse very short setae, ventrodistal margin with 1 corneous spinule. Carpus with small dorsodistal spine, dorsal surface without spines but with sparse stiff setae. Merus with row of setae on dorsal and ventral margins, ventrolateral distal margin with minute subdistal spine; lateral and mesial surfaces glabrous, former with minute granules adjacent to ventral margin. Ischium unarmed, setae on dorsal margin. Third pereopods (Fig. 11 D – H) slightly dissimilar and unequal in length (right 1.2 times as long as left). Dactyli 1.3 (right) or 1.4 (left) length of propodi, 6.7 (right) or 7.0 (left) times as long as broad, right slightly broader than left, slightly curved ventrally in lateral view, almost straight in dorsal view, terminating in large corneous claw; dorsal margin with row of stiff setae, ventral margin with 10 (left) or 13 (right) corneous spines; lateral surface slightly convex in left, having faint longitudinal sulcus proximally in right, with some setae adjacent to dorsal margin; mesial surface with row of 8 (left) or 9 (right) corneous spinules adjacent to dorsal margin and additional row of 4 corneous spinules along ventral margin (right). Propodi slightly arcuate, with row of stiff setae on dorsal margins; lateral and mesial surfaces almost glabrous, no sculpture on flattened right lateral surface; ventral margins with sparse very short setae, ventrodistal margins each with 1 corneous spinule. Carpi with only small dorsodistal spine, dorsal surface with sparse setae. Meri with row of individual or tufts of setae on dorsal and ventral margins, ventrolateral distal margin unarmed; lateral and mesial surfaces glabrous. Ischium unarmed, setae on dorsal and ventral margins. Paired gonopores on coxae. Fourth pereopods (Fig. 7 D) with minute preungual process on dactylus, about half length of long claw. Propodal rasp of 2 rows of corneous scales extending to proximal 0.25 of ventral margin). Carpus without dorsodistal spine. Fifth pereopods chelate. Third thoracic sternite unarmed. Sixth thoracic sternite (Fig. 7 E) with broadly rounded anterior lobe, bearing transverse row of setae. Eighth thoracic sternite (Fig. 7 F) vertically compressed, divided in 2 blunt lobes. Pleon (Fig. 11) dextrally twisted, with paired first pleopods consisting of 2 articles (Fig. 7 F), distal article longer than proximal article, with some distal setae. Unpaired left second to fifth pleopods present. Uropods markedly asymmetrical. Telson (Fig. 7 G) with deep lateral indentation; posterior lobes as broad as anterior lobes, strongly dissimilar, separated by shallow, narrow median cleft; terminal margins oblique, left with row of several spinules not extending to lateral angle (tip of left posterolateral angle strongly folded), right with row of some spinules not extending to lateral angle; lateral margins unarmed. Colouration in life. Fig. 11. Carapace mottled with light orange, with pair of red blotches posterior to base of ocular peduncles; anterior part of branchiostegite with longitudinal stripes of bright red and white. Ocular peduncles pale purple, without distinct markings; cornea yellow-gray. Antennular peduncles pale purple without markings, flagella white. Antennal peduncles generally light orange; second article with red longitudinal stipes on dorsal and lateral surfaces; fourth article with red longitudinal stripe on lateral face; fifth article with red longitudinal stripes on lateral and mesial margin; flagellum purplish. Right cheliped with chela and carpus generally light brown, with scattered darker spots on dorsal surface; chela with red longitudinal stripe on mesial face; carpus with median red stripe flanked by white stripes on mesial face; merus dorsal surface with red stripe, lateral face with broad red stripe flanked by white stripes on upper half, mesial face with large red patch flanked by white stripes and traversed medially by white stripe, lower part reddish. Left cheliped palm with white median stripe flanked by red stripes on each dorsal and ventral surface; dactylus with red stripes on dorsal and ventral surfaces, flanked mesial face white; carpus and merus alternated by red and white stripes. Ambulatory legs with longitudinal red and white stripes on dactyli to meri; dactyli and propodi dorsal and ventral margins white, on lateral face, 2 red stripes flanking white median stripe present; carpi with 3 red and 2 white stripes on lateral faces; meri dorsal surfaces red, lateral faces each with 3 white and 2 red stripes; ischia dorsal margins white, with 1 red stripe on upper half on lateral faces. Fourth and fifth pereopods generally light yellow-brown. Pleon light yellow-brown.	en	Komai, Tomoyuki (2025): Two new species of the pagurid hermit crab genus Pylopaguropsis Alcock, 1905 (Decapoda: Anomura) from Japan. Zootaxa 5620 (2): 315-334, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5620.2.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5620.2.6
2575A120FFD0FFB737977CB7D31FF8DC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Presently known only from the type locality, off Hamahiga Island, Okinawa Islands, at depth of 120 m.	en	Komai, Tomoyuki (2025): Two new species of the pagurid hermit crab genus Pylopaguropsis Alcock, 1905 (Decapoda: Anomura) from Japan. Zootaxa 5620 (2): 315-334, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5620.2.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5620.2.6
2575A120FFD0FFB737977CB7D31FF8DC.taxon	materials_examined	Genetic data. COI (LC 833903), 16 S rRNA (LC 834108).	en	Komai, Tomoyuki (2025): Two new species of the pagurid hermit crab genus Pylopaguropsis Alcock, 1905 (Decapoda: Anomura) from Japan. Zootaxa 5620 (2): 315-334, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5620.2.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5620.2.6
2575A120FFD0FFB737977CB7D31FF8DC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Pylopaguropsis rufilineata sp. nov. does not exhibit appreciable structural modifications in the right third pereopod, although the propodus is slightly broader than that of the left third pereopod and has a flat lateral surface. In this regard, it is comparable to species of the P. teevana group (McLaughlin & Haig 1989). Within the species referred to the P. teevana group, the new species is most similar to P. pustulosa, sharing the following features: right chela operculate, with evenly convex ventral surface; left cheliped palm unarmed; lateral surface of right third pereopod propodus nearly flat; and propodal rasp of fourth pereopod consisting of two rows of corneous scales. The present new species is readily distinguished from P. pustulosa by the following particulars: (1) the right cheliped dactylus is fairly compressed, armed with a single row of small spines delimiting the dorsomesial margin, and with some tiny, low tubercles on the mesial and ventral surfaces in P. rufilineata sp. nov. (Fig. 8 A – D), whereas the dactylus is not particularly compressed, armed with irregular double row of very small blister-like tubercles on the dorsomesial margin, and with numerous blister or pimple-like small tubercles or granules on the mesial and ventral surfaces in P. pustulosa (cf. McLaughlin & Haig 1989: figs. 8 c, 10 b); (2) the dorsolateral margin of the right chela is delimited by a single row of small blunt or spiniform tubercles on over the entire length in P. rufilineata sp. nov. (Fig. 8 B, C), rather than delimited by double row of small tubercles only on the fixed finger in P. pustulosa (cf. McLaughlin & Haig 1989: 160, fig. 8 c); (3) the dorsal surface of the right palm bears scattered small spines in P. rufilineata sp. nov. (Fig. 8 C), whereas there are only a few, scattered very tiny tubercles on that surface in P. pustulosa (cf. McLaughlin & Haig 1989: fig. 8 c); (4) the ventromesial margin of the right cheliped merus is armed with a row of strong spines in P. rufilineata sp. nov. (Fig. 8 A), instead of a few spinules in P. pustulosa (McLaughlin & Haig 1989: fig. 10 b); (5) the posterior lobes of the telson are more strongly asymmetrical and more weakly armed on the terminal margins in P. rufilineata sp. nov. than in P. pustulosa (Fig. 7 G versus McLaughlin & Haig 1989: 13 h). The living colouration is unknown for the holotype of P. pustulosa (McLaughlin & Haig 1989: 161), but later a colour photograph of a specimen in fresh condition from Taiwan has been published (McLaughlin et al. 2007). The colour of the ocular peduncle is particularly different between P. rufilineata sp. nov. and P. pustulosa: in the new species, the ocular peduncle is uniformly pale purple (Fig. 11), whereas it has red and white stripes in P. pustulosa (McLaughlin et al. 2007: 191, unnumbered fig.).	en	Komai, Tomoyuki (2025): Two new species of the pagurid hermit crab genus Pylopaguropsis Alcock, 1905 (Decapoda: Anomura) from Japan. Zootaxa 5620 (2): 315-334, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5620.2.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5620.2.6
2575A120FFD0FFB737977CB7D31FF8DC.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the combination of the Latin rufus (= red) and lineatus (= lined), referring to the striped color pattern of the chelipeds and ambulatory legs of the new species.	en	Komai, Tomoyuki (2025): Two new species of the pagurid hermit crab genus Pylopaguropsis Alcock, 1905 (Decapoda: Anomura) from Japan. Zootaxa 5620 (2): 315-334, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5620.2.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5620.2.6
