taxonID	type	description	language	source
2057DC0608662B76FFB7F95B2E64F905.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 larva, Kumbakkarai Falls II, 10 ° 12 ' 11 " N, 77 ° 32 ' 56 " E, 448 m, 14 - x- 2023; 3 larvae, Moolaiyaru River, 10 ° 16 ' 13 " N, 77 ° 36 ' 34 " E, 1217 m, 27 - iv- 2023; 6 larvae, Munishwarar Kovil, 10 ° 16 ' 30 " N, 77 ° 35 ' 38 " E, 1271 m, 27 - iv- 2023; 7 larvae, Thaliyuthu Water Falls, 10 ° 26 ' 33 " N, 77 ° 41 ' 09 " E, 346 m, 02 - vii- 2023; 3 larvae, Thalakuthu Main Falls, 10 ° 26 ' 16 " N, 77 ° 41 ' 07 " E, 450 m, 02 - vii- 2023; 10 larvae, Nallathangal Stream, 10 ° 23 ' 58 " N, 77 ° 36 ' 49 " E, 586 m, 02 - vii- 2023; 1 larva, Varaiyaru Falls, 10 ° 19 ' 41 " N, 77 ° 42 ' 54 " E, 1172 m, 01 - vii- 2023, Coll. C. Selvakumar & party.	en	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC0608662B76FFB7F95B2E64F905.taxon	distribution	Distribution. India: Karnataka, Kerala & Tamil Nadu (Dinakaran et al., 2009; Kluge et al., 2022 a). Choroterpes (Euthraulus) atelobranchis Kluge, Srinivasan, Vasanth, Sivaruban, Barathy, & Isack, 2022 (Fig. 2 B) Choroterpes (Euthraulus) atelobranchis Kluge, Srinivasan, Vasanth, Sivaruban, Barathy, & Isack, 2022, 5181: 13, Holotype L-S-I ♂ Veerapandi River, Theni district, Tamil Nadu, India.	en	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC0608662B76FFB7F95B2E64F905.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 29 larvae, Thaliyuthu Water Falls, 10 ° 26 ' 33 " N, 77 ° 41 ' 09 " E, 346 m, 02 - vii- 2023; 3 larvae, Thalakuthu Main Falls, 10 ° 26 ' 16 " N, 77 ° 41 ' 07 " E, 450 m, 02 - vii- 2023, Coll. C. Selvakumar & party.	en	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC0608662B76FFB7F95B2E64F905.taxon	distribution	Distribution. India: Tamil Nadu (Kluge et al., 2022 a).	en	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC0608602B77FFB7F98E2919F8BC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 8 larvae, Perumalmalai Stream, 10 ° 15 ' 13 " N, 77 ° 31 ' 26 " E, 1670 m, 27 - iv- 2023; 10 larvae, Adukkam Falls, 10 ° 15 ' 08 " N, 77 ° 31 ' 22 " E, 1685 m, 27 - iv- 2023, Coll. C. Selvakumar & party.	en	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC0608602B77FFB7F98E2919F8BC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. India: Kerala (Vasanth et al., 2021 b), Tamil Nadu (New report).	en	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC0608602B77FFB7F89A2E47F7A9.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 larva, Perumalmalai Stream, 10 ° 15 ' 13 " N, 77 ° 31 ' 26 " E, 1670 m, 27 - iv- 2023; 42 larvae, Adukkam Falls, 10 ° 15 ' 08 " N, 77 ° 31 ' 22 " E, 1685 m, 27 - iv- 2023, Coll. C. Selvakumar & party.	en	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC0608602B77FFB7F89A2E47F7A9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. India: Tamil Nadu (Demoulin, 1955).	en	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC0608622B75FFB7FD6A2914FC5B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 28 larvae, Kumbakkarai Falls I, 10 ° 10 ’ 24 " N, 77 ° 32 ' 13 " E, 353 m, 14 - x- 2023; 7 larvae, Kumbakkarai Falls II, 10 ° 12 ' 11 " N, 77 ° 32 ' 56 " E, 448 m, 14 - x- 2023; 3 larvae, Moolaiyaru River, 10 ° 16 ' 13 " N, 77 ° 36 ' 34 " E, 1217 m, 27 - iv- 2023; 6 larvae, Umaiyaru River, 10 ° 20 ' 56 " N, 77 ° 41 ' 27 " E, 1236 m, 01 - vii- 2023; Coll. C. Selvakumar & party.	en	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC0608622B75FFB7FD6A2914FC5B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. India: Tamil Nadu (Venkataraman & Sivaramakrishnan, 1989).	en	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC0608622B75FFB7FBE42FC1FA87.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 13 larvae, Moolaiyaru River, 10 ° 16 ' 13 " N, 77 ° 36 ' 34 " E, 1217 m, 27 - iv- 2023; 5 larvae, Umaiyaru River, 10 ° 20 ' 56 " N, 77 ° 41 ' 27 " E, 1236 m, 01 - vii- 2023, Coll. C. Selvakumar & party.	en	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC0608622B75FFB7FBE42FC1FA87.taxon	distribution	Distribution. India: Karnataka and Tamil Nadu (Kluge et al., 2023 b). Elsewhere: Indochina and the great Sunda Islands (Kluge et al., 2023 b).	en	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC0608622B75FFB4FA902914F9F1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 8 larvae, Kumbakkarai Falls I, 10 ° 10 ’ 24 " N, 77 ° 32 ' 13 " E, 353 m, 14 - x- 2023; 7 larvae, Kumbakkarai Falls II, 10 ° 12 ' 11 " N, 77 ° 32 ' 56 " E, 448 m, 14 - x- 2023; 11 larvae, Nalla Thangal Stream, 10 ° 23 ' 58 " N, 77 ° 36 ' 49 " E, 586 m, 02 - vii- 2023; 3 larvae, Umaiyaru River, 10 ° 20 ' 56 " N, 77 ° 41 ' 27 " E, 1236 m, 01 - vii- 2023, Coll. C. Selvakumar & party.	en	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC0608622B75FFB4FA902914F9F1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. India: Tamil Nadu (Venkataraman & Sivaramakrishnan, 1987).	en	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC0608622B75FFB7F93C2CDEF7AB.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 28 larvae, Kumbakkarai Falls I, 10 ° 10 ’ 24 " N, 77 ° 32 ' 13 " E, 353 m, 14 - x- 2023; 5 larvae, Kumbakkarai Falls II, 10 ° 12 ' 11 " N, 77 ° 32 ' 56 " E, 448 m, 14 - x- 2023; 1 larva, Moolaiyaru River, 10 ° 16 ' 13 " N, 77 ° 36 ' 34 " E, 1217 m, 27 - iv- 2023; 3 larvae, Umaiyaru River, 10 ° 20 ' 56 " N, 77 ° 41 ' 27 " E, 1236 m, 01 - vii- 2023, Coll. C. Selvakumar & party.	en	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC0608622B75FFB7F93C2CDEF7AB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. India: Maharashtra (Braasch, 1981), Karnataka & Goa (Vasanth et al., 2021 a), Tamil Nadu (Sivaruban et al., 2013).	en	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC0608622B75FFB7FF3A2C95FD8A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 larva, Munishwarar Kovil, 10 ° 16 ' 30 " N, 77 ° 35 ' 38 " E, 1271 m, 27 - iv- 2023; 1 larva, Thalakuthu Main Falls, 10 ° 26 ' 16 " N, 77 ° 41 ' 07 " E, 450 m, 02 - vii- 2023; 1 larva, Umaiyaru River, 10 ° 20 ' 56 " N, 77 ° 41 ' 27 " E, 1236 m, 01 - vii- 2023, Coll. C. Selvakumar & party.	en	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC0608622B75FFB7FF3A2C95FD8A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. India: Tamil Nadu (Sivaramakrishnan, 1984), Karnataka (Selvakumar et al., 2018 a), and Kerala (Kluge et al., 2022 b).	en	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC06086D2B7AFFB7FD022E10FC24.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 larva, Moolaiyaru River, 10 ° 16 ' 13 " N, 77 ° 36 ' 34 " E, 1217 m, 27 - iv- 2023; 8 larvae, Munishwarar Kovil, 10 ° 16 ' 30 " N, 77 ° 35 ' 38 " E, 1271 m, 27 - iv- 2023, Coll: C. Selvakumar & party.	en	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC06086D2B7AFFB7FD022E10FC24.taxon	distribution	Distribution. India: Tamil Nadu (Srinivasan et al., 2021).	en	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC06086D2B7AFFB7FC12282FFB34.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 2 larvae, Thalakuthu Main Falls, 10 ° 26 ' 16 " N, 77 ° 41 ' 07 " E, 450 m, 02 - vii- 2023; 1 larva, Nalla Thangal Stream, 10 ° 23 ' 58 " N, 77 ° 36 ' 49 " E, 586 m, 02 - vii- 2023, Coll. C. Selvakumar & party. Distribution. India: Tamil Nadu (Muthukatturaja & Balasubramanian, 2021; Srinivasan et al., 2023).	en	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC06086D2B7AFFB7FE9D2EFAFDCE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 8 larvae, Munishwarar Kovil, 10 ° 16 ' 30 " N, 77 ° 35 ' 38 " E, 1271 m, 27 - iv- 2023, Coll. C. Selvakumar & party.	en	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC06086D2B7AFFB7FE9D2EFAFDCE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. India: Tamil Nadu (McCafferty & Edmunds, 1973).	en	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC06086D2B7AFFB7FAAA2801F96D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 14 larvae, Kumbakkarai Falls I, 10 ° 10 ' 24 " N, 77 ° 32 ' 13 " E, 353 m, 14 - x- 2023; 9 larvae, Kumbakkarai Falls II, 10 ° 12 ' 11 " N, 77 ° 32 ' 56 " E, 448 m, 14 - x- 2023; 10 larvae, Moolaiyaru River, 10 ° 16 ' 13 " N, 77 ° 36 ' 34 " E, 1217 m, 27 - iv- 2023; 15 larvae, Perumalmalai Stream, 10 ° 15 ' 13 " N, 77 ° 31 ' 26 " E, 1670 m, 27 - iv- 2023; 1 larva, Adukkam Falls, 10 ° 15 ' 08 " N, 77 ° 31 ' 22 " E, 1685 m, 27 - iv- 2023; 1 larva, Varaiyaru Falls, 10 ° 19 ' 41 " N, 77 ° 42 ' 54 " E, 1172 m, 01 - vii- 2023; 16 larvae, Umaiyaru River, 10 ° 20 ' 56 " N, 77 ° 41 ' 27 " E, 1236 m, 01 - vii- 2023, Coll. C. Selvakumar & party.	en	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC06086D2B7AFFB7FAAA2801F96D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. India: Tamil Nadu (Selvakumar et al., 2014 b) and Karnataka (Kluge et al., 2023 a).	en	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC06086D2B7AFFB7F8FE2929F7AC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 larva, Moolaiyaru River, 10 ° 16 ' 13 " N, 77 ° 36 ' 34 " E, 1217 m, 27 - iv- 2023; 2 larvae, Perumalmalai Stream, 10 ° 15 ' 13 " N, 77 ° 31 ' 26 " E, 1670 m, 27 - iv- 2023; 14 larvae, Umaiyaru River, 10 ° 20 ' 56 " N, 77 ° 41 ' 27 " E, 1236 m, 01 - vii- 2023, Coll. C. Selvakumar & party.	en	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC06086D2B7AFFB7F8FE2929F7AC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. India: Tamil Nadu (Sartori et al., 2008; Selvakumar et al., 2018 b).	en	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC06086F2B78FFB7FE9B28F3FD3A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 55 larvae, Kumbakkarai Falls I, 10 ° 10 ’ 24 " N, 77 ° 32 ' 13 " E, 353 m, 14 - x- 2023; 10 larvae, Kumbakkarai Falls II, 10 ° 12 ' 11 " N, 77 ° 32 ' 56 " E, 448 m, 14 - x- 2023; 31 larvae, Thalakuthu Main Falls, 10 ° 26 ' 16 " N, 77 ° 41 ' 07 " E, 450 m, 02 - vii- 2023; 2 larvae, Nalla Thangal Stream, 10 ° 23 ' 58 " N, 77 ° 36 ' 49 " E, 586 m, 02 - vii- 2023; 6 larvae, Varaiyaru Falls, 10 ° 19 ' 41 " N, 77 ° 42 ' 54 " E, 1172 m, 01 - vii- 2023; 11 larvae, Umaiyaru River, 10 ° 20 ' 56 " N, 77 ° 41 ' 27 " E, 1236 m, 01 - vii- 2023, Coll. C. Selvakumar & party.	en	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC06086F2B78FFB7FE9B28F3FD3A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. India: Karnataka and Tamil Nadu (Kluge et al., 2013). Elsewhere: Malaysia (Müller-Liebenau, 1982), Sri Lanka and Indonesia (Kluge et al., 2013), Java, Lombok and Thailand (Kluge & Novikova, 2011).	en	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC06086F2B78FFB7FCFC2CF4FBC4.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 4 larvae, Thalakuthu Main Falls, 10 ° 26 ' 16 " N, 77 ° 41 ' 07 " E, 450 m, 02 - vii- 2023; 15 larvae, Varaiyaru Falls, 10 ° 19 ' 41 " N, 77 ° 42 ' 54 " E, 1172 m, 01 - vii- 2023; 13 larvae, Umaiyaru River, 10 ° 20 ' 56 " N, 77 ° 41 ' 27 " E, 1236 m, 01 - vii- 2023, Coll. C. Selvakumar.	en	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC06086F2B78FFB7FCFC2CF4FBC4.taxon	distribution	Distribution. India: Tamil Nadu (Kluge et al., 2023 c). Elsewhere: Sri Lanka (Müller-Liebenau & Hubbard, 1985, Kluge et al., 2023 c).	en	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC06086F2B78FFB7FBB22E0CFA2A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 2 larvae, Kumbakkarai Falls I, 10 ° 10 ’ 24 " N, 77 ° 32 ' 13 " E, 353 m, 14 - x- 2023; 1 larva, Kumbakkarai Falls II, 10 ° 12 ' 11 " N, 77 ° 32 ' 56 " E, 448 m, 14 - x- 2023; 2 larvae, Thalakuthu Main Falls, 10 ° 26 ' 16 " N, 77 ° 41 ' 07 " E, 450 m, 02 - vii- 2023; 1 larva, Varaiyaru Falls, 10 ° 19 ' 41 " N, 77 ° 42 ' 54 " E, 1172 m, 01 - vii- 2023, Coll. C. Selvakumar & party.	en	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC06086F2B78FFB7FBB22E0CFA2A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. India: Tamil Nadu (Sivaruban et al., 2023).	en	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC06086F2B78FFB7F9EC2F8AF8EF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 2 larvae, Kumbakkarai Falls I, 10 ° 10 ' 24 " N, 77 ° 32 ' 13 " E, 353 m, 14 - x- 2023; 27 larvae, Kumbakkarai Falls II, 10 ° 12 ' 11 " N, 77 ° 32 ' 56 " E, 448 m, 14 - x- 2023; 1 larva, Thalakuthu Main Falls, 10 ° 26 ' 16 " N, 77 ° 41 ' 07 " E, 450 m, 02 - vii- 2023; 3 larvae, Nalla Thangal Stream, 10 ° 23 ' 58 " N, 77 ° 36 ' 49 " E, 586 m, 02 - vii- 2023; 6 larvae, Varaiyaru Falls, 10 ° 19 ' 41 " N, 77 ° 42 ' 54 " E, 1172 m, 01 - vii- 2023, Coll. C. Selvakumar.	en	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC06086F2B78FFB7F9EC2F8AF8EF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. India: Tamil Nadu (Selvakumar et al., 2017), Kerala and Karnataka (Kluge, 2021). Elsewhere: Sri Lanka (Müller-Liebenau, 1983).	en	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC06086F2B79FFB7F8702E1DFE02.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 4 larvae, Kumbakkarai Falls I, 10 ° 10 ' 24 " N, 77 ° 32 ' 13 " E, 353 m, 14 - x- 2023; 17 larvae, Moolaiyaru River, 10 ° 16 ' 13 " N, 77 ° 36 ' 34 " E, 1217 m, 27 - iv- 2023; 4 larvae, Adukkam Falls, 10 ° 15 ' 08 " N, 77 ° 31 ' 22 " E, 1685 m, 27 - iv- 2023; 4 larvae, Varaiyaru Falls, 10 ° 19 ' 41 " N, 77 ° 42 ' 54 " E, 1172 m, 01 - vii- 2023; 14 larvae, Umaiyaru River, 10 ° 20 ' 56 " N, 77 ° 41 ' 27 " E, 1236 m, 01 - vii- 2023, Coll. C. Selvakumar & party.	en	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC06086F2B79FFB7F8702E1DFE02.taxon	distribution	Distribution. India: Tamil Nadu (Kubendran et al., 2015).	en	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC06086E2B79FFB7FE7F2E09FD24.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 3 larvae, Thaliyuthu Water Falls, 10 ° 26 ' 33 " N, 77 ° 41 ' 09 " E, 346 m, 02 - vii- 2023; 3 larvae, Thalakuthu Main Falls, 10 ° 26 ' 16 " N, 77 ° 41 ' 07 " E, 450 m, 02 - vii- 2023, Coll. C. Selvakumar & party.	en	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC06086E2B79FFB7FE7F2E09FD24.taxon	distribution	Distribution. India: Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu (Kluge et al., 2023 d). Elsewhere: Sri Lanka (Müller-Liebenau & Hubbard, 1985; Kluge et al., 2023 d).	en	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC06086E2B79FFB7FCC22E0CFC7A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 3 larvae, Kumbakkarai Falls I, 10 ° 10 ' 24 " N, 77 ° 32 ' 13 " E, 353 m, 14 - x- 2023; 1 larva, Thalakuthu Main Falls, 10 ° 26 ' 16 " N, 77 ° 41 ' 07 " E, 450 m, 02 - vii- 2023, Coll. C. Selvakumar & party.	en	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC06086E2B79FFB7FCC22E0CFC7A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. India: Tamil Nadu (Sivaruban et al., 2022).	en	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC06086E2B79FFB7FBB82998F793.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 3 larvae, Moolaiyaru River, 10 ° 16 ' 13 " N, 77 ° 36 ' 34 " E, 1217 m, 27 - iv- 2023; 4 larvae, Thaliyuthu Water Falls, 10 ° 26 ' 33 " N, 77 ° 41 ' 09 " E, 346 m, 02 - vii- 2023; 3 larvae, Nalla Thangal Stream, 10 ° 23 ' 58 " N, 77 ° 36 ' 49 " E, 586 m, 02 - vii- 2023; 17 larvae, Varaiyaru Falls, 10 ° 19 ' 41 " N, 77 ° 42 ' 54 " E, 1172 m, 01 - vii- 2023; 15 larvae, Umaiyaru River, 10 ° 20 ' 56 " N, 77 ° 41 ' 27 " E, 1236 m, 01 - vii- 2023, Coll. C. Selvakumar & party.	en	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC06086E2B79FFB7FBB82998F793.taxon	distribution	Distribution. India: Kerala and Tamil Nadu (Muthukatturaja & Balasubramanian, 2022). The following four mayfly species: Megaglena agasthiya, Choroterpes (Euthraulus) atelobranchis, Caenis maduraiensis and Nigrobaetis klugei are reported for the first time from the Palni Hills. The endemic species Megaglena agasthiya and Nathanella indica were found only in the high elevation sites (above 1670 m), whereas Isca sp. and Teloganodes (Dudgeodes) palnius were found in low elevation sites (353 m) as well as high elevation site (1685 m). The oriental species, Ecdyonurus (Rhithrogeniella) ornatus occurs in the moderate high elevation ranges between 1217 m and 1236 m. Ephemera (Aethephemera) nadinae is found at only one high elevation site (1271 m), which is characterised by slower water current and sandy bottom. In contrast, other mayflies exhibit overlapping distributions across different altitudes (Table 2). Out of 24 species distributed throughout Palni Hills, 12 occur in the low to moderate elevation study sites. Megaglena agasthiya, Isca sp., and Nathanella indica are distributed only in the southern Palni Hills, whereas Baetis (Tenuibaetis) frequentus is only distributed in the northern Palni Hills. Caenis americani occurs only in the southern Palni Hills, whereas Caenis maduraiensis is only found in the northern Palni Hills. The number of individuals and richness of species is decreasing with the increasing elevation, while the abundance of species and elevation are negatively correlated (r = 0.26) (Fig. 4).	en	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
