identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
ED00B0658085521E9A9CD0B393674EF1.text	ED00B0658085521E9A9CD0B393674EF1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hyalella portaesolis Isa-Miranda & Peralta & Nieto 2026	<div><p>Hyalella portaesolis sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8</p><p>Synonymy.</p><p>Hyalella sp. 4 — Hankel et al. 2023.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. Argentina • 1 ♂ (9.75 mm); Catamarca Province, Antofagasta de la Sierra Department, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.40756&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.02461" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.40756/lat -26.02461)">Antofagasta peatlands</a>; 26.02461°S, 67.40756°W; 3417 m a. s. l.; 7 Mar. 2017; J. Rodríguez leg.; FML-CRUST 01443 .</p><p>Paratypes. Argentina • 1 ovigerous ♀ (7.02 mm); same data as holotype; FML-CRUST 01444 . • 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same data as holotype; FML-CRUST 01445 . • 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same data as holotype; IBN -EcoPP-43 F .</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Argentina, Catamarca Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.40756&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.02461" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.40756/lat -26.02461)">Antofagasta peatland</a>, 26.02461°S, 67.40756°W, 3417 m a. s. l.</p><p>Other material examined.</p><p>Argentina, Catamarca Province: Antofagasta de la Sierra Department, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.62964&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.65969" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.62964/lat -25.65969)">Antofalla peatlands</a>, 25.65969°S, 67.62964°W, 3531 m a. s. l.; 25 Nov 2017; coll. C. Nieto &amp; J. Rodríguez (IBN -EcoPP-46-C) . — <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.38636&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.97219" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.38636/lat -25.97219)">Antofagasta peatlands</a>, 25.97219°S, 67.38636°W, 3485 m a. s. l.; 8 Mar 2017; coll. J. Rodríguez (IBN -EcoPP-43-H) . — <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.39756&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.989" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.39756/lat -25.989)">Antofagasta peatlands</a>, 25.98900°S, 67.39756°W, 3459 m a. s. l.; 8 Mar 2017; coll. J. Rodríguez (IBN -EcoPP-43-J) . — <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.00339&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.85847" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.00339/lat -23.85847)">Catua Arriba peatlands</a>, 23.85847°S, 67.00339°W, 4008 m a. s. l.; 30 Mar 2015; coll. C. Nieto &amp; J. Rodríguez (IBN -EcoPP-18-B) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Body smooth. Antenna 1 short, much shorter than antenna 2. Maxilla 1 palp long and slender, reaching approximately 3 / 4 of the distance between its base and the base of the setae of the outer plate, with a single distal papposerrate seta. Coxa of gnathopod 2 notably smaller than that of gnathopod 1 in males. Propodus of gnathopod 1 hammer-shaped; palmar angle bearing four cuspidate setae with distal setule, one longer and more robust. Coxa of pereiopod 4 subtriangular, with posterior cavity poorly developed, broad and shallow. Basis of pereiopod 7 with two short subdistal setae on the external surface. Uropod 1 without sexual dimorphism, lacking modified curved seta in males. Sternal gills present on pereionites 3–7. Uropod 3 short and compact, ramus stout shorter than peduncle; peduncle bearing a row of 10 robust distal cuspidate setae. Telson subquadrangular, wider than long, with two groups of 4–5 thin simple setae on apical margin; dorsal surface densely covered with microtrichs.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet portaesolis is derived from the Latin porta (gate) and solis (of the sun), meaning “ gate of the sun ”, in reference to the village of Antofagasta de la Sierra, whose name is traditionally interpreted as “ Puerta del Sol ”.</p><p>Description of male.</p><p>Body: stout, smooth; maximum body length observed 9.75 mm.</p><p>Head: Eye rounded, pigmented (Fig. 3).</p><p>Antenna 1: Shorter than antenna 2, but slightly longer than its peduncle. Peduncular segments 1–3 with few simple setae, numerous plumose C 2 setae, and microtrichs (type Ib); segment 1 additionally bearing hair-like microtrichs. Flagellum composed of nine articles, each with groups of simple A 1 setae and few C 2 setae; aesthetascs present distally on articles 1–8 (Fig. 4 A).</p><p>Antenna 2: Longer than antenna 1; peduncle approximately as long as head. Peduncular segment 4 much shorter than segment 5. Segment 3 bearing plumose C 2 setae and a row of simple setae near base of gland cone; segments 3–5 with distal and medial simple A 1 or plumose C 2 setae. Flagellum with 16 articles, each bearing groups of simple setae and microtrichs of type Ib (Fig. 4 B).</p><p>Upper lip: Ordinary, distal margin with minute setae (Fig. 4 C).</p><p>Mandibles: Left mandible with 5 - denticulate incisor (three distal long, two proximal short), 4 - denticulate lacinia mobilis, and setal row of three pappose setae (Fig. 4 E). Right mandible with 6 - denticulate incisor (three distal long, three proximal short), complex bifurcate lacinia mobilis, and setal row of three pappose setae (Fig. 4 F). Molar triturative and accessory seta well developed in both mandibles.</p><p>Lower lip: Ordinary; outer and inner margins apically covered with minute setae; mandibular processes acute (Fig. 4 D).</p><p>Maxilla 1: Palp unsegmented, long and slender, reaching approximately 3 / 4 of the distance between its base and the base of the setae of the outer plate, with a single distal papposerrate seta. Outer plate with nine serrate F 4 setae, some enlarged and spatulate. Inner plate shorter than outer plate, with two apical papposerrate setae and several marginal setules (Fig. 5 B).</p><p>Maxilla 2: Inner plate subequal in length to outer plate, with one strong pappose seta on inner margin. Both plates with serrate, simple, pappose and sparse hair-like setae (Fig. 5 C, D).</p><p>Maxilliped: Inner plate longer than wide, rectangular, transversally truncate, apex well armed with three long cuspidate setae B 1, one more robust, accompanied by pappose setae and setules on apex and margins. Outer plate with simple setae on inner and distal margins. Palp four-segmented; segment 2 as long as wide; segments 1–3 with simple setae distally on outer margin, additionally segment 3 externally ornamented with a row of 6 serrate setae; segment 4 short and unguiform (Fig. 5 E).</p><p>Gnathopod 1: Subchelate. Coxal plate longer than wide, margins with microtrichs type Ia. Basis with four simple setae on posterior margin. Propodus hammer-shaped, longer than maximum width, with a group of slender simple setae on anterodistal corner; inner face with oblique row of nine serrate F 3 setae; palmar margin with simple setae. Palm angle with four cuspidate setae with distal setule, one markedly larger and positioned opposite the others, accompanied by one plumose seta, simple setae, and comb / setose scales. Dactylus claw-like, with microtrichs type Ib, inner margin denticulate. Palmar Index (sensu Ruffo 1973) = 0.38 (Fig. 6 B).</p><p>Gnathopod 2: Subchelate. Coxa smaller than that of gnathopod 1. Basis approximately four times longer than maximum width, posterior margin bearing 10 serrate setae. Basis, ischium, and merus each with a group of setae on posterodistal angle. Posterior lobe of carpus short with pectinate border lined by row of serrate setae. Propodus ovate; palm oblique, longer than posterior margin, bearing several strong short to medium-length setae. Palm angle with two cuspidate B 5 setae, each with accessory seta and comb / setose scales. Microtrichs type Ib present on palm and dactylus. Dactylus claw-like, congruent with palm, with one thin plumose dorsal seta. Palmar Index (sensu Ruffo 1973) = 0.42 (Fig. 6 A).</p><p>Pereiopods 3 – 4: Similar in size and shape. Coxal plate of pereiopod 3 longer than wide; coxal plate of pereiopod 4 subtriangular, posterior cavity broad, shallow, and poorly developed, slightly longer than maximum width. Margins of both coxal plates lined with thin simple setae (type Ia); microtrichs type Ib also present. Posterior margins of basis, merus, carpus, and propodus with simple or cuspidate setae. Dactylus short, less than half length of propodus (Fig. 7 A, B).</p><p>Pereiopods 5 – 7: Pereiopod 5 distinctly shorter than pereiopods 6 and 7, the latter subequal in length. Coxal plates: pereiopod 5 wider than long, posterior lobe deeper than anterior; pereiopod 6 as long as maximum width, with strongly reduced anterior lobe; pereiopod 7 slightly wider than long; margins of all plates lined with thin simple setae (type Ia) and microtrichs type Ib (see details in Fig. 7 C). Basis posteriorly expanded, especially on pereiopod 7, with finely serrated margin; pereiopod 7 additionally with two subdistal cuspidate setae on outer surface. Anterior margin of basis of pereiopods 5–7 with groups of two or three plumose setae. Ischium, merus, carpus, and propodus with simple or cuspidate setae on anterior and posterior margins. Dactylus short, similar to those of pereiopods 3 and 4 (Fig. 7 C – E).</p><p>Coxal gills: Sacciform (Fig. 7 B – D), present from gnathopod 2 to pereiopod 6.</p><p>Sternal gills: Sacciform (Fig. 7 E), present on pereionites 3–7.</p><p>Pleopods: Biramous and similar; peduncle shorter than rami, with retinacula. Rami multiarticulate, bearing long plumose setae (Fig. 8 A).</p><p>Uropod 1: Peduncle longer than rami, with three proximal dorsal cuspidate setae aligned longitudinally and two distal cuspidate setae. Rami subequal in length. Outer ramus with two dorsal and four distal cuspidate setae, one shorter than remaining setae; inner ramus with one dorsal and five distal cuspidate setae (one much shorter), without modified curved seta on inner margin. Microtrichs type Ib present on peduncle and rami (Fig. 8 B).</p><p>Uropod 2: Shorter than uropod 1. Peduncle with four dorsal cuspidate setae aligned longitudinally and one dorsomedial distal cuspidate seta. Outer ramus with three dorsal cuspidate setae, two arising as a group, and five distal cuspidate setae, one distinctly longer and another much shorter and thinner than the remaining setae. Inner ramus with two dorsal and four distal cuspidate setae, one of them longer than rest and another much shorter and thin. Microtrichs type Ib present on peduncle and rami (Fig. 8 C).</p><p>Uropod 3: Shorter than peduncle of uropod 2. Peduncle much wider than ramus, as long as maximum width, with 10 strong distolateral cuspidate setae. Ramus stout, shorter than peduncle, apex bearing one thin simple seta and another six strong cuspidate setae, one markedly larger than rest. Microtrichs type Ib present on peduncle and ramus; grouped scale-like structures present laterally on peduncle which gives it a rough appearance (Fig. 8 D).</p><p>Telson: Wider than long, entire, subquadrangular, distal margin with four or five thin simple setae on each side; lateral margins with three plumose setae (Fig. 8 E). Dorsal surface with microtrichs type Ib and scale-like pattern (Fig. 8 F).</p><p>Epimeral plates: Plate 1 posterodistally rounded (Fig. 8 A); plate 2 with broadly rounded posterodistal corner; plate 3 subrectangular posterodistally.</p><p>Intraspecific variation (males): In one male paratype, inner plate of maxilla 1 bears three apical pappose setae instead of two (Fig. 5 A).</p><p>Female (paratypes): Maximum body length observed 7.02 mm. Habitus generally similar to male except for following characters: gnathopods 1 and 2 similar in size and shape; inner face of propodus of gnathopods 1 and 2 with seven serrate setae. Gnathopod 2 differs from male in relatively smaller and more elongate propodus (Fig. 6 C, D). Oostegites broad, subtriangular, margins bearing large curled setae (Fig. 6 C).</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Freshwater, epigean, peatlands.</p><p>Ecological notes.</p><p>The species was found at water temperatures ranging from 12.59 to 14.08 ° C, with pH values between 6.74 and 8.07. Conductivity varied from 430 to 1,210 μS / cm, while oxygen saturation ranged from 106 % to 113 %.</p><p>Taxonomic remarks.</p><p>The coxa of pereiopod 4 in the new species, with a broad and shallow cavity, is a diagnostic character shared with Hyalella yashmara Tomikawa, Kawasaki, Leiva &amp; Arroyo, 2023 (Cajamarca, Perú) and Hyalella pauperocavae González &amp; Watling, 2002 (Huancayo, Perú). However, Hyalella portaesolis sp. nov. differs from H. yashmara mainly in the male gnathopod 2 (Fig. 6 A), which has a regular palmar margin and a weakly developed palmar angle (vs. irregular palmar margin and well-developed palmar angle in H. yashmara).</p><p>Additional diagnostic characters of Hyalella portaesolis sp. nov. include the maxilla 1 palp, which is long and slender, reaching approximately 3 / 4 of the distance between its base and the base of the setae of the outer plate, with a single distal papposerrate seta (vs. reduced, uniarticulate, slender, distally acute, and lacking setae in H. yashmara).</p><p>The differentiation between Hyalella portaesolis sp. nov. and H. pauperocavae is based on the following characters (characters of H. pauperocavae in parentheses): antenna 1 shorter than antenna 2 (antennae 1 and 2 equal in length); propodus of gnathopod 1 lacking setae on the anterior margin (four setae present); basis of pereiopod 7 with two robust subdistal setae (without setae); uropod 3 with globose peduncle, wider than ramus, bearing 10 robust distal setae (peduncle longer than wide, with 5 robust setae), and short ramus with a total of 6 robust setae (ramus with a single robust seta); telson with a total of 9 short, slender apical setae (6–8 robust setae).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/ED00B0658085521E9A9CD0B393674EF1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Isa-Miranda, Águeda Verónica;Peralta, Marcela A.;Nieto, Carolina	Isa-Miranda, Águeda Verónica, Peralta, Marcela A., Nieto, Carolina (2026): Amphipod diversity in South American high-altitude peatlands: two novel Hyalella species supported by morphological and molecular evidence (Amphipoda, Hyalellidae). Evolutionary Systematics 10 (2): 303-325, DOI: 10.3897/evolsyst.10.204482
B2D79F4D58345E5AA80F7FFC0846DB1C.text	B2D79F4D58345E5AA80F7FFC0846DB1C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hyalella rodriguezi Isa-Miranda & Peralta & Nieto 2026	<div><p>Hyalella rodriguezi sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14</p><p>Synonymy.</p><p>Hyalella sp. 5 — Hankel et al. 2023.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. Argentina • 1 ♂ (7.78 mm); Catamarca Province, Antofagasta de la Sierra Department, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.31742&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.01281" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.31742/lat -26.01281)">Punta Las Peñas peatlands</a>; 26.01281°S, 67.31742°W; 3679 m a. s. l.; 16 Dec. 2015; J. Rodríguez leg.; FML-CRUST 01446 .</p><p>Paratypes. Argentina • 1 ovigerous ♀ (5.02 mm); same data as holotype; FML-CRUST 01447 . • 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same data as holotype; FML-CRUST 01448 . • 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same data as holotype; IBN -EcoPP-27 C .</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Argentina, Catamarca Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.31742&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.01281" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.31742/lat -26.01281)">Punta Las Peñas peatlands</a>, 26.01281°S, 67.31742°W, 3679 m a. s. l.</p><p>Other material examined.</p><p>Argentina, Catamarca Province: Antofagasta de la Sierra Department, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.31742&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.01281" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.31742/lat -26.01281)">Punta Las Peñas peatlands</a>, 26.01281°S, 67.31742°W, 3679 m a. s. l.; 16 Dec 2015; coll. J. Rodríguez (IBN -EcoPP-27-C) . — <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.30656&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.00961" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.30656/lat -26.00961)">Punta Las Peñas peatlands</a>, 26.00961°S, 67.30656°W, 3721 m a. s. l.; 16 Dec 2015; coll. J. Rodríguez (IBN -EcoPP-27-F) . — <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.37853&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.04731" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.37853/lat -26.04731)">Peña Colorada peatlands</a>, 26.04731°S, 67.37853°W, 3464 m a. s. l.; 12 Dec 2015; coll. J. Rodríguez (IBN -EcoPP-22-E) . — <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.38019&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.04933" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.38019/lat -26.04933)">Peña Colorada peatlands</a>, 26.04933°S, 67.38019°W, 3456 m a. s. l.; 12 Dec 2015; coll. J. Rodríguez (IBN -EcoPP-22-F) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Body smooth. Maxilla 1 palp asymmetric: much shorter on left maxilla, bearing a very reduced seta; on right maxilla, palp longer than wide, reaching approximately half of the distance between its base and the base of the setae of the outer plate, bearing one peg-like apical seta. Male gnathopod 1 with hammer-shaped propodus, bearing on inner face five bifurcate serrate setae arranged obliquely and two additional bifurcate setae on the anterior margin. Uropod 1 sexually dimorphic: inner ramus of male bearing a distinctive modified curved seta (“ copulatory spine ” sensu Bousfield, 1996). Uropod 3 long and slender, with ramus slightly longer than peduncle; ramus styliform, longer than wide, gradually tapering distally. Sternal gills present on pereionites 3–7.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet rodriguezi refers to José Rodríguez, who carried out extensive fieldwork and collected a large part of the macroinvertebrates from the study area.</p><p>Description of male.</p><p>Body: Smooth. Maximum body length observed 7.78 mm.</p><p>Head: Eye oval to slightly elliptical, pigmented (Fig. 9).</p><p>Antenna 1: Shorter than antenna 2 but longer than its peduncle. Peduncular segment 1 longer than segments 2 and 3, which are subequal in length; all bearing numerous simple and plumose setae, together with microtrichs type Ib; segment 1 with a row of six plumose setae on the medial surface. Flagellum composed of 11 articles, each bearing groups of simple A 1 setae; aesthetascs present distally on articles 2–10 (Fig. 10 A).</p><p>Antenna 2: Approximately equal to half the body length. Peduncular segments 3–5 with groups of simple and plumose setae. Flagellum composed of 14 articles, each bearing distal and subdistal simple A 1 setae. Peduncle and flagellum with microtrichs type Ib (Fig. 10 B).</p><p>Upper lip: Ordinary, distal margin with minute setae; surface with dense medial patch of minute setae (Fig. 10 C).</p><p>Mandibles: Left mandible (Fig. 10 E) with 6 - denticulate incisor (three strong distal ones and the three tiny proximal ones); lacinia mobilis 4 - denticulate, with one long and three short teeth; setal row with six pappose setae, three longer than the others. Right mandible (Fig. 10 F) with 7 - denticulate incisor, bearing three long and four short teeth; lacinia mobilis complex, multidenticulate and with tiny setae; setal row with four pappose setae. Molar triturative and accessory seta well developed in both mandibles.</p><p>Lower lip: Ordinary; outer lobes densely covered with minute setae near inner margin (Fig. 10 D).</p><p>Maxilla 1: Outer plate with nine robust serrate F 4 setae and setules on inner surface; inner plate shorter than outer plate, with two apical papposerrate setae and several marginal setules. Palp asymmetrical, in the right maxilla is longer than wide, reaching approximately half of the distance between its base and the base of the setae of the outer plate, bearing one peg-like apical seta (Fig. 11 A). Palp of left maxilla 1 much shorter than right counterpart, with one stout reduced distal seta (Fig. 11 B).</p><p>Maxilla 2: Inner plate slightly shorter than the outer, with one strong pappose seta on inner margin; both plates distally bearing simple and serrate setae, with few surface setules (Fig. 11 C).</p><p>Maxilliped: Inner plate truncated with three apical robust cuspidate setae; distal and medial margins with plumose setae. Outer plate ovate, longer than palp segment 1; distal and medial margins with simple setae and few serrate setae on surface. Palp four-segmented; segment 3 longer than wide; segments 1–3 bearing simple and serrate setae on medial and lateral margins; segment 4 unguiform, shorter than segment 3, with a group of simple distal setae shorter than the nail; nail finely setulose along inner margin. Segments 3 and 4 with comb-scales on lateral margins. Microtrichs type Ib present on inner and outer plates and on palp segments 1–2 (Fig. 11 D).</p><p>Gnathopod 1: Subchelate. Coxal plate longer than wide, with microtrichs type Ib and marginal simple setae type Ia. Basis posterior margin with two serrate setae and distal groups of serrate setae; ischium and merus margins with T 1 denticles and posterior margins with groups of serrate setae. Carpus longer than maximum width, with group of setae on posterodistal corner; posterior pectinate lobe bordered by serrate setae (Fig. 12 A). Propodus (Fig. 12 B) longer than broad, hammer-shaped; anterodistal margin with two bifurcate serrate setae, anterodistal corner and palm angle with comb-scales. Inner face with five bifurcate serrate setae (Fig. 12 C) arranged obliquely, accompanied by smaller supplementary setae. Palm margin lined with simple A 1 setae near dactylus. Palm angle with two cuspidate setae with accessory seta. Dactylus with comb-scales and one accessory seta. Palmar Index (sensu Ruffo 1973) = 0.33.</p><p>Gnathopod 2: Subchelate. Coxal plate longer than wide, smaller than gnathopod 1; with microtrichs type Ib on surface and simple setae type Ia along margin. Basis with one serrate seta on posterior margin; posterodistal corners of basis, ischium and merus with groups of serrate setae. Carpus subtriangular, with two serrate setae on posterodistal corner; posterior pectinate lobe bordered by serrate setae. Propodus subovate, anterior margin with two small serrate setae; palm oblique, bordered by several rows of simple setae. Palm angle with two very short cuspidate setae and comb-scales. Dactylus claw-like, congruent with palm. Palmar Index (sensu Ruffo 1973) = 0.53 (Fig. 12 D).</p><p>Pereiopods 3 – 4: Similar in size. Coxal plate of pereiopod 3 subrectangular, longer than wide (Fig. 13 A); coxal plate of pereiopod 4 broad, deeply excavated posteriorly, as long as maximum width (Fig. 13 C). Margins of both plates lined with thin simple type Ia setae; surface with microtrichs type Ib. Posterior margins of basis, ischium, merus, carpus, and propodus with groups of bifurcate serrate (Fig. 13 B) and cuspidate setae. Dactylus, approximately one-third length of propodus.</p><p>Pereiopods 5 – 7: Pereiopod 5 shorter than pereiopods 6 and 7, the latter subequal in length. Coxal plates: pereiopod 5 bilobed, wider than long, posterior lobe deeper than anterior; pereiopod 6 as long as wide, with strongly reduced anterior lobe; pereiopod 7 wider than long. Margins of all coxal plates lined with thin simple setae (type Ia), and surfaces with microtrichs type Ib. Basis of pereiopods 5–7 expanded with finely serrated margin; anterior and posterior margins of ischium, merus, carpus, and propodus with simple or cuspidate setae. Numerous microtrichs type Ib distributed on surface from basis to propodus. Dactylus similar to those of pereiopods 3–4 (Fig. 13 D – F).</p><p>Coxal gills: Sacciform, present from gnathopod 2 to pereiopod 6 (Figs 12 D – F, 13 A, 13 C, 13 D).</p><p>Sternal gills: Sacciform, present on pereionites 3–7 (Fig. 13 F).</p><p>Pleopods: Biramous. Peduncle with a pair of retinacula. Rami multiarticulate, bearing long plumose setae (Fig. 14 A).</p><p>Uropod 1: Peduncle longer than rami, with six dorsal cuspidate setae: four aligned longitudinally, plus two distal ones. Rami subequal in length. Inner ramus with three dorsal cuspidate setae and nine distal setae, one markedly elongate, slender, and curved, extending beyond apex of ramus (“ copulatory spine ”, sensu Bousfield, 1996), with serrated edges and end partially covered by distal cuticular expansion forming apical hood. Outer ramus with four dorsal cuspidate setae and four distal setae, one distinctly longer than rest (Fig. 14 B).</p><p>Uropod 2: Slightly longer than peduncle of uropod 1. Peduncle is slightly longer than rami, with five dorsal cuspidate setae: two aligned longitudinally and other three apically. Both rami are each with three dorsal cuspidate setae. Outer ramus with four distal cuspidate setae, the one at the end notably long and robust; inner ramus with eight distal cuspidate setae, the most distal one longer and stouter than remaining setae. Microtrichs type Ib present on peduncle and rami (Fig. 14 C).</p><p>Uropod 3: Subequal in length to peduncle of uropod 2. Peduncle rectangular, slightly shorter than ramus, distal margin with four robust distal cuspidate setae with accessory setules (one of them longer and stouter than remaining setae), and others two or three slender setae; with three thin setae medially and scattered scale-like structures on surface. Ramus styliform, longer than wide, gradually tapering distally, surface with microtrichs type Ib and few scattered scales; apex bearing six to eight long simple setae and one short distal cuspidate seta (Fig. 14 D, E).</p><p>Telson: Subrectangular, distal margin with two long serrate setae; additionally, three short plumose setae present subdistally on each side of dorsal surface (Fig. 14 F).</p><p>Epimeral plates: Plates 1 (Fig. 14 A) and 3 rounded posterodistally, posterodistal corner not produced; plate 2 acuminate posterodistally, angle strongly produced.</p><p>Intraspecific variation (males): Variation observed in number and arrangement of setae on peduncle of right and left uropod 3 (Fig. 14 D, E).</p><p>Female (paratypes): Maximum body length observed 5.02 mm. Gnathopod 2 propodus (Fig. 12 G) smaller and more slender than in male, with five bifurcate serrate setae on the inner face and one similar seta on the anterior margin. Oostegites subtriangular, bearing curled setae along margins (Fig. 12 F).</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Freshwater, epigean, peatlands.</p><p>Ecological notes.</p><p>The species was found at an average water temperature of 16.87 ° C and a pH of 9.25. Conductivity was 100 μS / cm, and oxygen saturation reached 76 %.</p><p>Record of epibiotic protozoans.</p><p>Peritrich ciliates, similar to Vorticella Linnaeus, 1767 (Fig. 12 E), were observed on the male holotype gnathopod 2, specifically on the ischium and merus (pers. comm. Carlos Rauque).</p><p>Taxonomic remarks.</p><p>Hyalella rodriguezi sp. nov. is similar to Hyalella inca in the asymmetry between the left and right maxilla 1 palps, the morphology of gnathopods 1 and 2, the presence of a curved seta on the inner ramus of male uropod 1, and telson ornamentation. However, the new species differs from H. inca mainly in the following characters: the male gnathopod 1 propodus bears five principal bifurcate serrate setae arranged obliquely on the inner face (vs. more than 10 serrate, non-bifurcate setae in H. inca); the male gnathopod 2 propodus bears two serrate setae on the anterior margin (vs. anterior margin lacking setae); and uropod 3 has a peduncle longer than wide and a styliform ramus slightly longer than the peduncle, approximately 3.7 times longer than wide and lacking subdistal setae (vs. peduncle rectangular, wider and longer than ramus, and ramus less elongate approximately 2.5 times longer than wide, bearing one to four subdistal setae in H. inca). In addition, sternal gills are present on pereionites 3–7 in H. rodriguezi sp. nov. (vs. pereionites 2–7 in H. inca).</p><p>Additionally, H. rodriguezi sp. nov. shows affinity with Hyalella kochi González &amp; Watling, 2001 in the presence of a curved seta on the inner ramus of uropod 1, the hammer-shaped propodus of gnathopod 1 with fewer than 10 setae on the inner face, and the distribution of sternal gills. Nevertheless, the new species differs from H. kochi mainly in the morphology of the telson, uropod 3, and male gnathopod 2. In H. rodriguezi sp. nov., the propodus of male gnathopod 2 bears two serrate setae on the anterior margin (vs. absent in H. kochi); the propodus is subovate, with a more oblique palmar margin (vs. propodus more quadrangular and palm less oblique in H. kochi); the palmar angle bears two cuspidate setae inserted on the same side of the angle (vs. one cuspidate seta on palmar angle in H. kochi). Uropod 3 bears a longer and more styliform ramus than that of H. kochi, and the telson is apically rounded with two serrate apical setae (vs. telson quadrangular, apically truncate, bearing two to four simple apical setae in H. kochi).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B2D79F4D58345E5AA80F7FFC0846DB1C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Isa-Miranda, Águeda Verónica;Peralta, Marcela A.;Nieto, Carolina	Isa-Miranda, Águeda Verónica, Peralta, Marcela A., Nieto, Carolina (2026): Amphipod diversity in South American high-altitude peatlands: two novel Hyalella species supported by morphological and molecular evidence (Amphipoda, Hyalellidae). Evolutionary Systematics 10 (2): 303-325, DOI: 10.3897/evolsyst.10.204482
