identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
212887CAA0220978FF34FB67FA08664B.text	212887CAA0220978FF34FB67FA08664B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhyparus sulawesiensis Minkina & Jákl & Bezděk 2023	<div><p>Rhyparus sulawesiensis sp. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 1 -5, 7 &amp; 10)</p><p>ZooBank:https://zoobank.org/ F95F5D84-32B6-4BA1-A0E0-F7BC6F2FF053</p><p>Holotype, ♀, « Indonesia, C-Sulawesi,  Poso, 11 -16.iv.1999, 1 - 400 m., 5 -10 km SW Tambarana, Bečvář &amp; Zábranský leg. » (SJCP).</p><p>Paratypes, 2 ♀ &amp; 1 ♂, same data as for the holotype (1 ♂ &amp; 1♀ in ŁMCP; 1 ♀ in IECA) .</p><p>Type locality. – Indonesia, Sulawesi Island, C-Sulawesi, Poso, 5 - 10 km SW Tambarana.</p><p>Description of the holotype</p><p>Dorsum (Fig. 1). – Length: 6.8 mm; maximum width: 2.2 mm. Body medium-large sized for members of this genus, elongate, not so distinctly convex, flattened in central part; almost matt; apparently almost glabrous, though partly clothed with very small yellowish macrosetae on head and all longitudinal costae on pronotum and elytra. Brownish to dark brown; antennae, tarsomeres and mouth parts pale brown.</p><p>Head (Fig. 4). – Matt, tops of costae distinctly shiny; transversely subhexagonal; clypeus trapezoidal in outline, anteriorly truncate, on sides weakly upturned as obtuse, weak tooth, and later sinuous on either side; genae distinctly more excavate than eyes; clypeal disc distinctly convex, ringed by a deep groove; convexity with a pair of indistinct, moderately convex ridges; nearly on whole surface with distinct, fine punctures bearing small macrosetae. Frons with four distinct, longitudinal ridges with similar structure to the ridges on the clypeal convexity. Head covered by fairly regularly spaced, moderately dense, medium sized punctures bearing small macrosetae.</p><p>Pronotum. – Matt, tops of costae distinctly shiny; with eight distinct costae and seven intercostae, with two lateral, rounded lobes on each side. Anterior lobes somewhat lower and distinctly narrower than posterior, on the top are the widest part of pronotum. Sinuation between anterior and posterior lobe weak. Costae of middle, third and fourth pair not interrupted in basal part apical half, very gently convergent, distinctly convergent in the middle of apical third; second pair of costae distinctly interrupted in basal part of apical half; costae on each side with very small punctures bearing very small macrosetae. All intercostae in anterior part without additional short costae. Median intercostae with dense punctures, quite distinctly concentrated around median part, all intercostae in basal part with distinct, dense punctation.</p><p>Scutellum . – Almost imperceptible.</p><p>Elytra. – Matt, tops of costae and preapical glandular area more distinctly shiny. Each elytron with six elevated costae, and five flat intercostae. Costae on sides with very small punctures bearing very small macrosetae. Preapical glandular area relatively small. First to fourth intercostae with two distinct rows of punctures and with one row of quite irregularly spaced, very fine punctures between that two rows; on third intercostae there is a very short additional costa with two very short additional rows of punctures. Fifth intercosta with one row of punctures; in the basal part of the fourth intercosta there is a region with an extremely short additional costa, with some additional punctures. External caudal bulb distinctly reduced, area between external caudal bulb and sides of elytra not divided; external and mediointernal caudal bulbs not divided; mediointernal caudal bulb shortened, visible as transversely rounded bulb.</p><p>Pygidium (Fig. 5). – With very sparse, irregularly spaced punctation, with weak longitudinal rib in the middle and deep excisionon on its sides; with apex in the shape of volcano with rounded top.</p><p>Venter (Fig. 2). – Matt. Meso-metaventral plate flattened in the middle, with distinct, narrow, quite deep longitudinal furrow; punctation of meso-metaventral plate dense, quite regularly spaced, irregular in size; all punctures bearing short macrosetae. Abdominal ventrites matt, on sides with rows of punctures; with an additional punctured furrow in basal part. Last abdominal ventrite with dense punctures, which are about one and half times larger than on last but one ventrite; in basal half in the middle part with very deep cavity that does not take the shape of the rows; in apical part in the middle with very deep groove, clearly located far below apex of pygidium. Meso- and metafemora with one very indistinct tubercle on lower border;all femora shiny, with regular, very distinct, rather small, very dense punctation; all punctures bearing small macrosetae.</p><p>Sexual dimorphism. – Males differ from females in the following characters: metatibiae more sinuate and bearing large, flattened, inwardly bent apical spine, last abdominal ventrite and pygidium normally developed.</p><p>Variability. – Body length varies from 6.3 to 6.8 mm. Intercostae are relatively more or less weakly shiny. Punctation of clypeus and pronotum is more or less variable in size, distribution and density. Median row of punctures on third elytral intercosta very weakly variable in length. The aedeagus of the male was not examined due to the very high similarity of the copulatory apparatuses in males and therefore of no value when identifying species of the genus.</p><p>Etymology. – Toponymic; an adjective derived from the name of Sulawesi Island, where the new species was collected.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. – Based on the proportions of the body (mostly large species, much less frequently medium-sized species; all species distinctly elongate), the very weakly developed lateral lobes of the pronotum, the distinctly punctate basal half of the pronotum, and the weakly developed caudal bulbs without separation between the individual bulbs, we can classify the males and females of  R. sulawesiensis sp. nov. as members of a group with modified pygidium and last abdominal ventrite in females. The modified abdominal ventrites of the females make them unique and easily distinguishable from all other species known in the world. The shape of the pygidium in the females of  R. sulawesiensis sp. nov. is largely similar to that of  R. sepikensis . However, it is easily distinguished from the latter by the much denser and thicker body punctures (compare</p><p>Faunitaxys, 11 (66), 2023: 1 – 5. 3</p><p>4 5</p><p>1. Dorsal view. 2. Ventral view. 3. Lateral view. 4. Head. 5. Pygidium. (scale lines: 1.0 mm)</p><p>6.  Rhyparus paraphilippinensis Ochi &amp; Kakizoe, 2021, ♀, pronotum. 7.  Rhyparus sulawesiensis sp. nov., ♀, holotype, pronotum. 8.  Rhyparus sepikensis Stebnicka, 1998, ♀, paratype, pronotum. 9.  Rhyparus paraphilippinensis Ochi &amp; Kakizoe, 2021, ♀, pygidium. 10.  Rhyparus sulawesiensis sp. nov., ♀, holotype, elytral disc. 11.  Rhyparus sepikensis Stebnicka, 1998, ♀, paratype, elytral disc. (scale lines: 0.5 mm)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/212887CAA0220978FF34FB67FA08664B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Minkina, Łukasz;Jákl, Stanislav;Bezděk, Aleš	Minkina, Łukasz, Jákl, Stanislav, Bezděk, Aleš (2023): A new Rhyparus Westwood, 1845 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) species with modified pygidium and last abdominal ventrite in females. Faunitaxys 11 (66): 1-5, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-11(66), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15376775
212887CAA020097BFF76FF12FA2C661E.text	212887CAA020097BFF76FF12FA2C661E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhyparus Westwood 1845	<div><p>Key to species of  Rhyparus with modified pygidium and last abdominal ventrite in females</p><p>1. Punctures in basal part of lateral pronotal intercostae much smaller - fine. Second pair of elytral costae distinctly widened in apical half.Apexofpygidiumoffemalesvolcano-shapedwithroundedtop.PapuaNewGuinea..............  sepikensis Stebnicka, 1998</p><p>–– Punctures in basal part of lateral pronotal intercostae always much larger - at least moderately coarse. Second pair of elytral costae distinctly widened only shortly before apex............................................................... 2</p><p>2. Upper side (especially head and pronotum) always covered by yellowish, dusty pattern. Elytral intercostae 1 - 4 with three distinct rows of punctures. Pygidium of females weakly modified as a member of the group – in the shape of obtuse traingle. Borneo...................................................................................  approximans Fairmaire, 1893</p><p>–– Upper side never covered by yellowish, dusty pattern. Elytral intercostae 1 -4 with two distinct rows of punctures, in part of species third, median rows observed, but punctures there are always much finer than in median rows.................... 3</p><p>3. More distinctly shiny: pronotal costae and intercostae always similarly distinctly shiny, elytral costae always distinctly shiny, elytral intercostae usually similarly distinctly shiny, rarely less shiny than elytral costae, very rarely subopaque. Lateral lobes of pronotum weakly developed. Viti Levu Island, Vanua Levu Island, Buru Island....................................... 4</p><p>–– Less distinctly shiny: pronotal costae from subopaque to distinctly shiny, pronotal intercostae always less distinctly shiny than costae,frommattto subopaque, elytralcostae fromsubopaquetodistinctly shiny, elytralintercostaealwayslessdistinctlyshiny thancostae,frommatttomoderatelyshiny.Laterallobesofpronotumweaklytomoderatelydeveloped....................... 5</p><p>4. Punctation of basal half of median intercostae of pronotum quite regularly distributed, weakly concentrated along median line. Anterior lobes of pronotum almost triangular. Fourth elytral intercostae is least steep in the group, seems to be distinctly widened before apex. Apex of pygidium of females volcano-shaped with sinuate top. Buru Island.................................................................................... buruensis Minkina, Anichtchenko, Vasiljeva &amp; Skelley, 2022</p><p>–– Punctation of basal half of median intercostae of pronotum very distinctly concentrated along median line. Anterior lobes of pronotumrounded.Fourthelytralintercostae isnotsosteep, seemingto be weakly widened before apex. Apexof pygidiumof females volcano-shaped with truncate top. Viti Levu and Vanua Levu Islands......................................................................................................... fijiensis Minkina, Anichtchenko, Vasiljeva &amp; Skelley, 2022</p><p>5. Posterior lobes of pronotum widely rounded, with moderately distinct sinuation between anterior and posteriori lobes. Posterior lobes of pronotum quite distinctly higher than anterior. Elytral suture before apex always with distinct, elevated protuberance. Apex of pygidium of females mountain-shaped with rounded top. Mindanao Island.......................................................................................................  paraphilippinensis Ochi &amp; Kakizoe, 2021</p><p>–– Posterior lobes of pronotum triangular to widely rounded; when posterior lobes of pronotum widely rounded sinuation between anterior andposterior lobes veryweaktoweak.Posterior lobesof pronotumthe sameheightasanterior,rarely weaklyhigher thananterior(onlyin  R. sulawesiensis sp. nov.). Elytral suture before apex at most with weak protuberance................. 6</p><p>6. Lateral lobes of pronotum and sinuation between them very weakly to weakly developed. Punctation of pronotal median intercostae distinctly concentrated along median line.............................................................. 7</p><p>–– Lateral lobes of pronotum and sinuation between them weakly to moderately developed. Punctation of pronotal median intercostae irregularly distributed, at most only partialy, not distinctly concentrated along median line................... 8</p><p>7. Posterior lobes of pronotum widely rounded. Sinuation between anterior and posterior lobes very weak. Basal mesotarsomeres aslongastwonextcombined.Apexof pygidiumof femalesdistinctlytriangular.BacanIsland........................................................................................... bacanensis Minkina, Anichtchenko, Vasiljeva &amp; Skelley, 2022</p><p>–– Posterior lobes of pronotum widely triangular. Sinuation between anterior and posterior lobes weak. Basal mesotarsomeres as long as next three combined. Apex of pygidium of females volcano-shaped with sinuate top. New Guinea ................................................................................ stebnickae Minkina, Anichtchenko, Vasiljeva &amp; Skelley, 2022</p><p>8. Posterior lobes of pronotum widely rounded. Sinuation between anterior and posterior lobes weak. Clypeus anteriorly truncate. Apex of pygidium of females volcano-shaped with rounded top. Sulawesi Island...........  sulawesiensis sp. nov.</p><p>–– Posterior lobes of pronotum widely triangular. Sinuation between anterior and posterior lobes moderate. Clypeus anteriorly sinuate. Pygidium of females not modified. Taiwan Island and Japan (Amami Oshima Island)........... loebli Paulian, 1983</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/212887CAA020097BFF76FF12FA2C661E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Minkina, Łukasz;Jákl, Stanislav;Bezděk, Aleš	Minkina, Łukasz, Jákl, Stanislav, Bezděk, Aleš (2023): A new Rhyparus Westwood, 1845 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) species with modified pygidium and last abdominal ventrite in females. Faunitaxys 11 (66): 1-5, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-11(66), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15376775
212887CAA021097AFF56FD3DFEE06D53.text	212887CAA021097AFF56FD3DFEE06D53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhyparus paraphilippinensis Ochi & Kakizoe 2021	<div><p>Rhyparus paraphilippinensis Ochi &amp; Kakizoe, 2021</p><p>(Fig. 6 &amp; 9)</p><p>Specimen,   ♀, Philippines, Mindanao,  Kalatungan, Bukidnon, ix.2016, local coll (ŁMCP)  .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/212887CAA021097AFF56FD3DFEE06D53	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Minkina, Łukasz;Jákl, Stanislav;Bezděk, Aleš	Minkina, Łukasz, Jákl, Stanislav, Bezděk, Aleš (2023): A new Rhyparus Westwood, 1845 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) species with modified pygidium and last abdominal ventrite in females. Faunitaxys 11 (66): 1-5, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-11(66), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15376775
212887CAA021097AFF20FC98FD8C6DF4.text	212887CAA021097AFF20FC98FD8C6DF4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhyparus sepikensis Stebnicka 1998	<div><p>Rhyparus sepikensis Stebnicka, 1998</p><p>(Fig. 8 &amp; 11)</p><p>Paratype, ♀,  New Guinea: NE. | Torricello Mts. | Mokai vill. 750 m  . | 1-23.i.1959 || W.W. Brandt | collector | Bishop || (ISEA) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/212887CAA021097AFF20FC98FD8C6DF4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Minkina, Łukasz;Jákl, Stanislav;Bezděk, Aleš	Minkina, Łukasz, Jákl, Stanislav, Bezděk, Aleš (2023): A new Rhyparus Westwood, 1845 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) species with modified pygidium and last abdominal ventrite in females. Faunitaxys 11 (66): 1-5, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-11(66), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15376775
