taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
2202910B1E3CFFDEFC9CF2E18DA9F8CE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14764217/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14764217	Figure 7. Gecarcinucidae. Maydelliathelphusa lugubris (Wood-Mason, 1871), Nepal, NMU 29.V.2008B. Mandible removed from the animal and marginal setae removed: A, anterior view; B, posterior view. Mandibular palp removed from the mandible and marginal setae removed:C, anterior view; D, posterior view.Abbreviations:A1, first endopod article; A2, second endopod article; Ba, basis; L, lobe on A2. Arrow indicates suture between the basis and A1. Scale bar: 0.95 mm in A, B; 1.0 mm in C, D.	Figure 7. Gecarcinucidae. Maydelliathelphusa lugubris (Wood-Mason, 1871), Nepal, NMU 29.V.2008B. Mandible removed from the animal and marginal setae removed: A, anterior view; B, posterior view. Mandibular palp removed from the mandible and marginal setae removed:C, anterior view; D, posterior view.Abbreviations:A1, first endopod article; A2, second endopod article; Ba, basis; L, lobe on A2. Arrow indicates suture between the basis and A1. Scale bar: 0.95 mm in A, B; 1.0 mm in C, D.	2024-05-04	Cumberlidge, Neil;Krajenka, Grace E.;Clark, Brett;Clark, Paul F.		Zenodo	biologists	Cumberlidge, Neil;Krajenka, Grace E.;Clark, Brett;Clark, Paul F.			
2202910B1E3CFFDEFC9CF2E18DA9F8CE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14764219/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14764219	Figure 8. Potamidae.Larnaudia chaiyaphumi Naiyanetr, 1982, Thailand, NMU 18.II.2006.e. Mandible removed from the animal and marginal setae removed: A, anterior view; B, superior view; C, posterior view. Mandibular palp removed from the mandible and marginal setae removed: D, anterior view; E, posterior view.Abbreviations:A1, first endopod article; A2, second endopod article; Ba, basis; L, lobe on A2; PP, posterior pedestal of coxa. Arrow indicates suture between the basis and A1. Scale bar: 1.5 mm in A, B; 2.2 mm in C; 1.0 mm in D, E.	Figure 8. Potamidae.Larnaudia chaiyaphumi Naiyanetr, 1982, Thailand, NMU 18.II.2006.e. Mandible removed from the animal and marginal setae removed: A, anterior view; B, superior view; C, posterior view. Mandibular palp removed from the mandible and marginal setae removed: D, anterior view; E, posterior view.Abbreviations:A1, first endopod article; A2, second endopod article; Ba, basis; L, lobe on A2; PP, posterior pedestal of coxa. Arrow indicates suture between the basis and A1. Scale bar: 1.5 mm in A, B; 2.2 mm in C; 1.0 mm in D, E.	2024-05-04	Cumberlidge, Neil;Krajenka, Grace E.;Clark, Brett;Clark, Paul F.		Zenodo	biologists	Cumberlidge, Neil;Krajenka, Grace E.;Clark, Brett;Clark, Paul F.			
2202910B1E3CFFDEFC9CF2E18DA9F8CE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14764221/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14764221	Figure 9. Potamonautidae.Acanthothelphusa niloticus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), NMU12.07.1979.1. Mandible removed from the animal and marginal setae removed: A, anterior view; B, posterior view. Mandibular palp removed from the mandible and marginal setae removed: C, anterior view; D, posterior view.Abbreviations: A1, first endopod article; A2, second endopod article; Ba, basis; L, lobe on A2; P, coxal pedestal; PP, posterior pedestal of coxa. Arrow indicates suture between the basis and A1. Scale bar: 1.9 mm in A, B; 1.0 mm in C, D.	Figure 9. Potamonautidae.Acanthothelphusa niloticus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), NMU12.07.1979.1. Mandible removed from the animal and marginal setae removed: A, anterior view; B, posterior view. Mandibular palp removed from the mandible and marginal setae removed: C, anterior view; D, posterior view.Abbreviations: A1, first endopod article; A2, second endopod article; Ba, basis; L, lobe on A2; P, coxal pedestal; PP, posterior pedestal of coxa. Arrow indicates suture between the basis and A1. Scale bar: 1.9 mm in A, B; 1.0 mm in C, D.	2024-05-04	Cumberlidge, Neil;Krajenka, Grace E.;Clark, Brett;Clark, Paul F.		Zenodo	biologists	Cumberlidge, Neil;Krajenka, Grace E.;Clark, Brett;Clark, Paul F.			
2202910B1E3CFFDEFC9CF2E18DA9F8CE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14764232/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14764232	Figure 12. Deckeniidae. Mandible removed from the animal and marginal setae removed. Hydrothelphusa agilis A. Milne Edwards, 1872: A, anterior view; B, posterior view.Globonautes macropus (Rathbun, 1898): C, anterior view. Deckenia mitis Hilgendorf, 1898: D, superior view. Abbreviations:A1, first endopod article; A2, second endopod article; Ba, basis; L, lobe on A2; P, coxal pedestal; R, ridge on superior margin of A2. Arrow indicates suture between the basis and A1. Scale bar: 1.2 mm in A; 1.11 mm in B; 1.0 mm in C, D.	Figure 12. Deckeniidae. Mandible removed from the animal and marginal setae removed. Hydrothelphusa agilis A. Milne Edwards, 1872: A, anterior view; B, posterior view.Globonautes macropus (Rathbun, 1898): C, anterior view. Deckenia mitis Hilgendorf, 1898: D, superior view. Abbreviations:A1, first endopod article; A2, second endopod article; Ba, basis; L, lobe on A2; P, coxal pedestal; R, ridge on superior margin of A2. Arrow indicates suture between the basis and A1. Scale bar: 1.2 mm in A; 1.11 mm in B; 1.0 mm in C, D.	2024-05-04	Cumberlidge, Neil;Krajenka, Grace E.;Clark, Brett;Clark, Paul F.		Zenodo	biologists	Cumberlidge, Neil;Krajenka, Grace E.;Clark, Brett;Clark, Paul F.			
2202910B1E3CFFDEFC9CF2E18DA9F8CE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14764225/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14764225	Figure 10. Pseudothelphusidae. Guinotia dentata (Latreille, 1825), NMU 4.1.2004. Mandible removed from the animal and marginal setae removed: A, anterior view; B, detail of distal palp, posterior view.Mandibular palp removed from the mandible and marginal setae removed: C, anterior view; D, posterior view.Abbreviations:A1, first endopod article; A2, second endopod article; Ba, basis; L, lobe on A2. Arrow indicates suture between the basis and A1. Scale bar: 1.54 mm in A; 1.11 mm in B; 2.0 mm in C; 1.0 mm in D.	Figure 10. Pseudothelphusidae. Guinotia dentata (Latreille, 1825), NMU 4.1.2004. Mandible removed from the animal and marginal setae removed: A, anterior view; B, detail of distal palp, posterior view.Mandibular palp removed from the mandible and marginal setae removed: C, anterior view; D, posterior view.Abbreviations:A1, first endopod article; A2, second endopod article; Ba, basis; L, lobe on A2. Arrow indicates suture between the basis and A1. Scale bar: 1.54 mm in A; 1.11 mm in B; 2.0 mm in C; 1.0 mm in D.	2024-05-04	Cumberlidge, Neil;Krajenka, Grace E.;Clark, Brett;Clark, Paul F.		Zenodo	biologists	Cumberlidge, Neil;Krajenka, Grace E.;Clark, Brett;Clark, Paul F.			
2202910B1E3CFFDEFC9CF2E18DA9F8CE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14764228/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14764228	Figure 11. Trichodactylidae.Sylviocarcinus pictus (H. Milne Edwards, 1853), NMU 1985.1. Mandible removed from the animal and marginal setae removed: A, anterior view; B, posterior view.Mandibular palp removed from the mandible and marginal setae removed: C, anterior view; D, posterior view. Abbreviations: A1, first endopod article; A2, second endopod article; Ba, basis; L, lobe on A2; P, coxal pedestal; PP, posterior pedestal of coxa. Arrow indicates suture between the basis and A1. Scale bar: 0.82 mm in A, B; 1.0 mm in C, D.	Figure 11. Trichodactylidae.Sylviocarcinus pictus (H. Milne Edwards, 1853), NMU 1985.1. Mandible removed from the animal and marginal setae removed: A, anterior view; B, posterior view.Mandibular palp removed from the mandible and marginal setae removed: C, anterior view; D, posterior view. Abbreviations: A1, first endopod article; A2, second endopod article; Ba, basis; L, lobe on A2; P, coxal pedestal; PP, posterior pedestal of coxa. Arrow indicates suture between the basis and A1. Scale bar: 0.82 mm in A, B; 1.0 mm in C, D.	2024-05-04	Cumberlidge, Neil;Krajenka, Grace E.;Clark, Brett;Clark, Paul F.		Zenodo	biologists	Cumberlidge, Neil;Krajenka, Grace E.;Clark, Brett;Clark, Paul F.			
2202910B1E3CFFDEFC9CF2E18DA9F8CE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14764211/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14764211	Figure 4. Gecarcinucidae. Holthuisana biroi Bott, 1969, Papua, Indonesia, NHM 1940.VII.15.19-28. Mandible removed from the animal and marginal setae removed: A, anterior view; B, posterior view.Mandibular palp removed from the mandible and marginal setae removed: C, posterior view. Arrow indicates suture between the basis and A1. Scale bar: 0.1 mm in A; 0.06 mm in B, C.	Figure 4. Gecarcinucidae. Holthuisana biroi Bott, 1969, Papua, Indonesia, NHM 1940.VII.15.19-28. Mandible removed from the animal and marginal setae removed: A, anterior view; B, posterior view.Mandibular palp removed from the mandible and marginal setae removed: C, posterior view. Arrow indicates suture between the basis and A1. Scale bar: 0.1 mm in A; 0.06 mm in B, C.	2024-05-04	Cumberlidge, Neil;Krajenka, Grace E.;Clark, Brett;Clark, Paul F.		Zenodo	biologists	Cumberlidge, Neil;Krajenka, Grace E.;Clark, Brett;Clark, Paul F.			
2202910B1E3CFFDEFC9CF2E18DA9F8CE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14764213/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14764213	Figure 5. Potamidae.Johora singaporensis Ng, 1986, Merolodge, Singapore, ZRC 2019.0654.Mandible removed from the animal and marginal setae removed: A, anterior view; B, posterior view.Mandibular palp removed from the mandible and marginal setae removed: C, posterior view. Arrow indicates suture between the basis and A1. Scale bar: 0.013 mm in A–C.	Figure 5. Potamidae.Johora singaporensis Ng, 1986, Merolodge, Singapore, ZRC 2019.0654.Mandible removed from the animal and marginal setae removed: A, anterior view; B, posterior view.Mandibular palp removed from the mandible and marginal setae removed: C, posterior view. Arrow indicates suture between the basis and A1. Scale bar: 0.013 mm in A–C.	2024-05-04	Cumberlidge, Neil;Krajenka, Grace E.;Clark, Brett;Clark, Paul F.		Zenodo	biologists	Cumberlidge, Neil;Krajenka, Grace E.;Clark, Brett;Clark, Paul F.			
2202910B1E3CFFDEFC9CF2E18DA9F8CE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14764215/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14764215	Figure 6.Internal musculature of mandible removed from hatchling freshwater crabs and marginal setae removed, viewed at ×500 magnification: A, Potamonautidae. Rotundopotamonautes loveni (Colosi, 1924), Mount Elgon, Uganda, NMU TRW El 94b, anterior view; B, Potamidae. Johora singaporensis Ng, 1986, Singapore, ZRC 2019.0654, anterior view. Arrow indicates internal musculature inside mandibular palp. Scale bar: 0.1 mm in A, B.	Figure 6.Internal musculature of mandible removed from hatchling freshwater crabs and marginal setae removed, viewed at ×500 magnification: A, Potamonautidae. Rotundopotamonautes loveni (Colosi, 1924), Mount Elgon, Uganda, NMU TRW El 94b, anterior view; B, Potamidae. Johora singaporensis Ng, 1986, Singapore, ZRC 2019.0654, anterior view. Arrow indicates internal musculature inside mandibular palp. Scale bar: 0.1 mm in A, B.	2024-05-04	Cumberlidge, Neil;Krajenka, Grace E.;Clark, Brett;Clark, Paul F.		Zenodo	biologists	Cumberlidge, Neil;Krajenka, Grace E.;Clark, Brett;Clark, Paul F.			
2202910B1E3CFFDEFC9CF2E18DA9F8CE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14764234/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14764234	Figure 13. Thoracotremata. Detail of the proximal part of the mandible, where the palp emerges from the coxa. A, Gecarcinidae, Discoplax gracilipes Ng & Guinot, 2001 Panglao Island, Philippines, anterior view; B, Gecarcinidae, Cardisoma armatum (Herklots, 1851), NMU 2008a, anterior view.Abbreviations:A1, first endopod article; Ba, basis.Arrow indicates suture between the basis and A1. Scale bar: 0.91 mm in A; 5.4 mm in B.	Figure 13. Thoracotremata. Detail of the proximal part of the mandible, where the palp emerges from the coxa. A, Gecarcinidae, Discoplax gracilipes Ng & Guinot, 2001 Panglao Island, Philippines, anterior view; B, Gecarcinidae, Cardisoma armatum (Herklots, 1851), NMU 2008a, anterior view.Abbreviations:A1, first endopod article; Ba, basis.Arrow indicates suture between the basis and A1. Scale bar: 0.91 mm in A; 5.4 mm in B.	2024-05-04	Cumberlidge, Neil;Krajenka, Grace E.;Clark, Brett;Clark, Paul F.		Zenodo	biologists	Cumberlidge, Neil;Krajenka, Grace E.;Clark, Brett;Clark, Paul F.			
2202910B1E3CFFDEFC9CF2E18DA9F8CE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14764236/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14764236	Figure 14. Mandibular palp removed from the mandible and marginal setae removed for six families of marine crabs, showing anterior (A, C, E, G, I, K) and posterior views (B, D, F, H, J, L). A, B, Gecarcinidae, Cardisoma armatum (Herklots, 1851), NMU 2008a. C, D, Gecarcinidae, Discoplax gracilipes Ng & Guinot, 2001, Panglao Island, Philippines.E, F, Varunidae, Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne Edwards, 1853, River Thames, UK. G, H, Grapsidae, Goniopsis pelii (Herklots, 1851), NMU 30.IV.2005. I, J, Sesarmidae, Labuanium politum (De Man, 1888), Bohol, Philippines, ZRC 2003.0380. K, L, Epialtidae, Doclea ovis (Fabricius, 1787), Pattaya, Thailand, NMU 24.10.2004. Arrow indicates suture between the basis (Ba) and A1 (first endopod article).Scale bar: 0.4 mm in A–D; 0.5 mm in E–H; 1.0 mm in I–L.	Figure 14. Mandibular palp removed from the mandible and marginal setae removed for six families of marine crabs, showing anterior (A, C, E, G, I, K) and posterior views (B, D, F, H, J, L). A, B, Gecarcinidae, Cardisoma armatum (Herklots, 1851), NMU 2008a. C, D, Gecarcinidae, Discoplax gracilipes Ng & Guinot, 2001, Panglao Island, Philippines.E, F, Varunidae, Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne Edwards, 1853, River Thames, UK. G, H, Grapsidae, Goniopsis pelii (Herklots, 1851), NMU 30.IV.2005. I, J, Sesarmidae, Labuanium politum (De Man, 1888), Bohol, Philippines, ZRC 2003.0380. K, L, Epialtidae, Doclea ovis (Fabricius, 1787), Pattaya, Thailand, NMU 24.10.2004. Arrow indicates suture between the basis (Ba) and A1 (first endopod article).Scale bar: 0.4 mm in A–D; 0.5 mm in E–H; 1.0 mm in I–L.	2024-05-04	Cumberlidge, Neil;Krajenka, Grace E.;Clark, Brett;Clark, Paul F.		Zenodo	biologists	Cumberlidge, Neil;Krajenka, Grace E.;Clark, Brett;Clark, Paul F.			
2202910B1E3CFFDEFC9CF2E18DA9F8CE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14764209/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14764209	Figure 3. Portunidae. Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896 (NMU 16.4.2019). Coxa of the mandible:A, anterior view; B, posterior view; C, superior view. Abbreviations: Ba, basis; P, coxal pedestal; PP, posterior pedestal of coxa. Scale bar: 3.3 mm in A, B; 1.7 mm in C.	Figure 3. Portunidae. Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896 (NMU 16.4.2019). Coxa of the mandible:A, anterior view; B, posterior view; C, superior view. Abbreviations: Ba, basis; P, coxal pedestal; PP, posterior pedestal of coxa. Scale bar: 3.3 mm in A, B; 1.7 mm in C.	2024-05-04	Cumberlidge, Neil;Krajenka, Grace E.;Clark, Brett;Clark, Paul F.		Zenodo	biologists	Cumberlidge, Neil;Krajenka, Grace E.;Clark, Brett;Clark, Paul F.			
2202910B1E3CFFDEFC9CF2E18DA9F8CE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14764205/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14764205	Figure 1. A, diagram of the morphology of a generalized brachyuran mandible as a cephalic appendage.B–D, diagrams of a brachyuran mandible labelled to show the coxa, basis, and the two endopod articles.B, mandible palp terminal article simple. C, mandible palp terminal article with an accessory lobe (L). D, mandible palp terminal article with an accessory ridge (R) on superior margin. Abbreviations: A, auricle of A1; A1, endopod article 1; A2, endopod article 2 (the terminal article, TA); C, carpus; D, dactylus; I, ischium; M, merus; P, propodus. Upper arrow, suture between A2 and A1; lower arrow, suture between the basis and A1.	Figure 1. A, diagram of the morphology of a generalized brachyuran mandible as a cephalic appendage.B–D, diagrams of a brachyuran mandible labelled to show the coxa, basis, and the two endopod articles.B, mandible palp terminal article simple. C, mandible palp terminal article with an accessory lobe (L). D, mandible palp terminal article with an accessory ridge (R) on superior margin. Abbreviations: A, auricle of A1; A1, endopod article 1; A2, endopod article 2 (the terminal article, TA); C, carpus; D, dactylus; I, ischium; M, merus; P, propodus. Upper arrow, suture between A2 and A1; lower arrow, suture between the basis and A1.	2024-05-04	Cumberlidge, Neil;Krajenka, Grace E.;Clark, Brett;Clark, Paul F.		Zenodo	biologists	Cumberlidge, Neil;Krajenka, Grace E.;Clark, Brett;Clark, Paul F.			
2202910B1E3CFFDEFC9CF2E18DA9F8CE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14764207/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14764207	Figure 2. A, B, Varunidae.Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne Edwards, 1853; 3D rendered X-ray micro-computed tomography of the stained mandibular palp removed from the mandible, showing internal musculature: A, anterior view; B, posterior view.C, D, Portunidae. Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896 (NMU 16.4.2019). Mandibular palp removed from the mandible: C, anterior view; D, posterior view.Scale bar: 0.6 mm in A, B; 1.0 mm in C, D.	Figure 2. A, B, Varunidae.Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne Edwards, 1853; 3D rendered X-ray micro-computed tomography of the stained mandibular palp removed from the mandible, showing internal musculature: A, anterior view; B, posterior view.C, D, Portunidae. Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896 (NMU 16.4.2019). Mandibular palp removed from the mandible: C, anterior view; D, posterior view.Scale bar: 0.6 mm in A, B; 1.0 mm in C, D.	2024-05-04	Cumberlidge, Neil;Krajenka, Grace E.;Clark, Brett;Clark, Paul F.		Zenodo	biologists	Cumberlidge, Neil;Krajenka, Grace E.;Clark, Brett;Clark, Paul F.			
