taxonID	type	description	language	source
1E0287C6FF83FF9646A1FD960025FA7A.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES. — Dactylonotus grandicornis Parent, 1934, monotypy.	en	Bickel, Daniel J. (2025): Dactylonotus Parent, 1934 - a disjunct generic distribution in southern Africa, New Zealand and New Caledonia (Diptera, Dolichopodidae). Zoosystema 47 (34): 799-807, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2025v47a34, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2025v47a34.pdf
1E0287C6FF83FF9646A1FD960025FA7A.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. — Body length 3.8 - 5.5 mm; male face wide, only slightly narrowed beneath antennae; antennal pedicel in both sexes prolonged into dorsal finger-like projection resting in dorsal groove on basal half of postpedicel; postpedicel usually enlarged, and blade-like, larger in male than female, arista basidorsal, median or subapical on postpedicel; acrostichal setae short, biseriate on anterior slope of mesonotum, and posteriorly either short and irregular, or as 4 - 5 uniseriate setae; median scutellar setae strong, lateral scutellar setae short; lower proepisternum with one or two projecting setae, dorsad of CI base; FII and FIII each with strong anterior preapical seta (totally absent on New Caledonian D. eurypterus n. sp.); male in Afrotropical species sometimes with enlarged pulvilli or other modifications of tarsus I (MSSC); vein M 1 with flexion (bosse alaire) between dm – m crossvein and wing apex; male sternite 8 with two strong black projecting setae on distal margin, and with additional shorter erect setae; epandrium subcylindrical; epandrial lobe short with strong projecting distal setae; surstylus divided into separate dorsal and ventral arms, sometimes clavate; male cercus often digitiform; female oviscapt with tergite 10 bearing five pairs of blade-like acanthophorites.	en	Bickel, Daniel J. (2025): Dactylonotus Parent, 1934 - a disjunct generic distribution in southern Africa, New Zealand and New Caledonia (Diptera, Dolichopodidae). Zoosystema 47 (34): 799-807, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2025v47a34, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2025v47a34.pdf
1E0287C6FF83FF9646A1FD960025FA7A.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Dactylonotus Parent, 1934 is readily recognised by the diagnostic finger-like projection of the antennal pedicel that dorsally overlaps the postpedicel in both sexes (Figs 1 C-D; 3 B, D). The genus has a peculiar disjunct distribution, with six species in South Africa and Zimbabwe, a single species in New Zealand, and a new species from New Caledonia. I have never seen the genus among large institutional holdings of Australian Dolichopodidae. Dactylonotus has been placed in the subfamily Diaphorinae Schiner, 1864, but a number of characters, such as the strong anterior preapical setae on femora II and III, are discordant with the traditional concept of the subfamily (however, these anterior preapical setae are totally absent on D. eurypterus n. sp.). Based on a preliminary cladistic analysis, Capellari (2013) suggested that a generic group comprising Anepsiomyia Bezzi, 1902, Argyra Macquart, 1834, Dactylonotus Parent, 1934, Somillus Brèthes, 1924, and Symbolia Becker, 1922 is monophyletic and possibly deserving of separate subfamily rank. This requires further investigation.	en	Bickel, Daniel J. (2025): Dactylonotus Parent, 1934 - a disjunct generic distribution in southern Africa, New Zealand and New Caledonia (Diptera, Dolichopodidae). Zoosystema 47 (34): 799-807, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2025v47a34, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2025v47a34.pdf
1E0287C6FF83FF9646A1FD960025FA7A.taxon	diagnosis	COMPARATIVE MATERIAL D. univittatus (Loew, 1858): South AFrica • 2 ♂, 2 ♀; Natal; 75 km WSW of Eastcourt, Cathedral Peaks For. Sta.; 1500 m, 7 - 31. XII. 1979; Peck S. & J. leg.; CNC (Fig. 1 A-C)].	en	Bickel, Daniel J. (2025): Dactylonotus Parent, 1934 - a disjunct generic distribution in southern Africa, New Zealand and New Caledonia (Diptera, Dolichopodidae). Zoosystema 47 (34): 799-807, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2025v47a34, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2025v47a34.pdf
1E0287C6FF83FF9646A1FD960025FA7A.taxon	distribution	PACIFIC SPECIES Two species of Dactylonotus from the southwest Pacific Ocean, D. eurypterus n. sp. from New Caledonia and D. formosus from New Zealand are treated below. Both species have strong uniseriate acrostichal setae while their southern African congeners have short biseriate or irregular acrostichal setae. In other respects, the two species are morphologically distinct and probably not close sister taxa with the genus.	en	Bickel, Daniel J. (2025): Dactylonotus Parent, 1934 - a disjunct generic distribution in southern Africa, New Zealand and New Caledonia (Diptera, Dolichopodidae). Zoosystema 47 (34): 799-807, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2025v47a34, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2025v47a34.pdf
1E0287C6FF84FF9446D6F9D201A4FB79.taxon	description	(Figs 1 D; 2 A-C) urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 760 FB 4 E 0 - CFCB- 426 E-B 4 DA- 2 F 68 F 32 B 9347	en	Bickel, Daniel J. (2025): Dactylonotus Parent, 1934 - a disjunct generic distribution in southern Africa, New Zealand and New Caledonia (Diptera, Dolichopodidae). Zoosystema 47 (34): 799-807, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2025v47a34, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2025v47a34.pdf
1E0287C6FF84FF9446D6F9D201A4FB79.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype. New Caledonia • ♂; Province Nord: Mt. Panié track; 20 ° 33 ’ S, 164 ° 46 ’ E; 25. VIII- 9. XI. 2000; 900 m; Malaise trap; J. Skevington & C. Burwell leg.; CNC 1731377; MNHN. Paratype. New Caledonia • ♂; same data as holotype; CNC 1731365. OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. — New Caledonia • 1 ♂; Province Nord Yambé (as Yiambi); 500 - 700 m; 14. X. 1967; J. & M. Sedlacek leg.; BPBM • 1 ♂; Province Sud; Mt. Koghi; 500 - 600 m; 23 - 27. X. 1967; J. & M. Sedlacek leg.; BPBM • 1 ♂; Mt. Koghi; 500 m; 17 km NE of Noumea; 1 - 3. XI. 1992; Malaise trap; M. E. Irwin & D. W. Webb leg.; INHS.	en	Bickel, Daniel J. (2025): Dactylonotus Parent, 1934 - a disjunct generic distribution in southern Africa, New Zealand and New Caledonia (Diptera, Dolichopodidae). Zoosystema 47 (34): 799-807, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2025v47a34, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2025v47a34.pdf
1E0287C6FF84FF9446D6F9D201A4FB79.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — The specific epithet eurypterus is from Greek meaning “ broad wing ”, in reference to the broad male wing of this species.	en	Bickel, Daniel J. (2025): Dactylonotus Parent, 1934 - a disjunct generic distribution in southern Africa, New Zealand and New Caledonia (Diptera, Dolichopodidae). Zoosystema 47 (34): 799-807, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2025v47a34, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2025v47a34.pdf
1E0287C6FF84FF9446D6F9D201A4FB79.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Male Length: 5.0 mm; wing: 4.7 × 1.8 mm (Fig. 2). Head. Subcircular in anterior view, wider than high; dorsal postcranium dark metallic blue-green and flattened; frons metallic blue-green with grey pruinosity, one pair of strong postvertical setae displaced out line with dorsal postocular setae; pair of strong vertical setae and pair of strong diverging ocellar setae present; face wide, only slightly narrower than width of face at antennal base and covered with dense grey pruinosity; eye facets enlarged anteroventrally; palp rather small, pale yellow with short black apical seta; proboscis yellow; antenna mostly yellowish, but with postpedicel infuscated dorsally and distally; scape short, bare of setae; pedicel prolonged dorsally with two short apical setae and resting in dorsal groove on basal half of postpedicel; postpedicel large, and halberd- or blade-shaped, dorsally excavated and attached to apex of dorsal pedicel extension, so that ventral postpedicel extends basad from attachment; arista arising dorsally at 2 / 3, about as long as head height, and relatively thick; ventral postcranium with field of white hairs. Thorax. Mesonotum mostly yellow, glabrous with metallic green reflections, scutellum mostly shining metallic blue with yellow at lateral margins; postscutellum and pleura mostly pale yellow; setae black; four strong uniseriate acrostichal setae with tiny biseriate setae anteriormost; six strong dorsocentral setae, slightly decreasing in size anteriorly, with posteriormost seta slightly offset laterally; one postalar seta; two postsutural supra-alar setae, one presutural intra-alar seta; two notopleural setae; one postpronotal seta; one presutural supra-alar seta, one presutural supra-alar seta; pair of median scutellar setae strong, lateral scutellar setae short; lower proepisternum with single pale yellow seta dorsad of CI base. Legs. Coxae and remainder of legs almost entirely yellow, but apex of TIII and tarsus III light brown; CI with abundant long white anterior hairs and with longer white distolateral setae; CII with black anterior hairs and with strong anterolateral seta at 3 / 5 and apically; CIII with strong black lateral seta at 1 / 5; legs with short black vestiture; I: 5.8; 5.6; 5.0 / 2.5 / 2.0 / 1.0 / 0.7; FI with row of 4 projecting posterior setae, from ¼ to ½, each seta about width of FI in length (MSSC?), and with preapical pv seta; TI with short dorsal seta at 1 / 5 and 3 / 5; II: 5.7; 7.3; 6.0; 2.8 / 1.8 / 1.2 / 0.8 / 0.6; FII lacking anterior preapical seta, but with short preapical av and pv seta; TII with ad-pd setal pair at 1 / 6, offset setal pair near 2 / 5, and pd seta at ¾, and with subapical circlet of pd, dorsal, ad, av and pv setae; III: 7.2; 8.5; 2.7 / 3.6 / 2.0 / 1.2 / 0.6; FIII lacking anterior preapical seta, but with short preapical av and pv setae; TIII with row of five short spaced dorsal setae along length and with subapical circlet of dorsal, ad, av and pv setae. Wing. Membrane hyaline; wing relatively broad and with long curve distal margin (MSSC?); vein R 2 + 3 ending in costa near 5 / 6, with vein R 4 + 5 joining margin just anteriad of apex; vein M 1 with flexion (bosse alaire) one half distance between dm-m and apex, and displaced slightly anteriad, becoming subparallel with R 4 + 5, and joining margin at wing apex; CuAx ratio: 0.5; anal angle developed; lower calypter yellow with dark brown rim and fan of brown setae; halter pale yellow. Abdomen. Tergite 1 basally yellow with brown distal margin; tergites 2 - 4 brown but each with large rounded mediolateral translucent yellow area; tergite 5 brown; tergites 6 - 7 yellow; tergites 1 - 5 covered with short black vestiture, with some longer setae near posterior tergal margins; tergite 6 bare of setae; sternite 8 yellow, ovate with two strong setae along its distal margin and other scattered setae, and forming cap over left lateral hypopygial foramen; hypopygium (Fig. 2 C) mostly yellow, and surstylus brownish; epandrium ovate; hypandrium forming flat elongate cover over phallus, apically curved; epandrial lobe short, with three apical setae; surstylus with two distinct arms, ventral lobate arm with short apical setae, and dorsal clavate arm, distally expanded with setae (see Fig. 2 C); cercus yellow, tapering and digitiform with strong apical setae. Female None associated.	en	Bickel, Daniel J. (2025): Dactylonotus Parent, 1934 - a disjunct generic distribution in southern Africa, New Zealand and New Caledonia (Diptera, Dolichopodidae). Zoosystema 47 (34): 799-807, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2025v47a34, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2025v47a34.pdf
1E0287C6FF84FF9446D6F9D201A4FB79.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Dactylonotus eurypterus n. sp. is known from three mid-elevational sites (500 - 900 m) on Grande Terre, the main island of New Caledonia. Like many of its southern African congeners, this New Caledonian species has the thorax and legs mostly yellow (cf. D. univittatus Loew, 1858 from South Africa, Fig. 1 C, and D. eurypterus n. sp. from New Caledonia, Fig. 1 D). Diagnostic characters for Dactylonotus eurypterus n. sp. include: 1) males with a row of four erect posterior setae on the basal half of femur I, absent on other congeners (MSSC); 2) only a single long curved seta on the lower proepisternum (Fig. 1 D) while other members of the genus have two setae, one long and one short; and 3) the hypandrium in lateral view being relatively straight (hyp, Fig. 2 C) whereas in most congeners, the hypandrium appears somewhat contorted in lateral view (e. g., Grichanov 2016, figs 4, 10). However, most importantly from a wider taxonomic viewpoint, Dactylonotus eurypterus n. sp. totally lacks anterior preapical setae on femora II and III, present in all other congeners. The presence of strong anterior preapical femoral setae has been used as an important character in defining dolichopodid subfamilies, so such intra-generic loss or nonexpression appears rather anomalous.	en	Bickel, Daniel J. (2025): Dactylonotus Parent, 1934 - a disjunct generic distribution in southern Africa, New Zealand and New Caledonia (Diptera, Dolichopodidae). Zoosystema 47 (34): 799-807, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2025v47a34, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2025v47a34.pdf
1E0287C6FF86FF9A46BFFAD30128FAF9.taxon	description	(Fig. 3)	en	Bickel, Daniel J. (2025): Dactylonotus Parent, 1934 - a disjunct generic distribution in southern Africa, New Zealand and New Caledonia (Diptera, Dolichopodidae). Zoosystema 47 (34): 799-807, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2025v47a34, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2025v47a34.pdf
1E0287C6FF86FF9A46BFFAD30128FAF9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Parent described Syntormon formosus from specimens collected at various locales in New Zealand, but two males were designated as types, and later this was wrongly interpreted as holotype and paratype. Two males, both from Wellington, New Zealand, have been designated holotype and paratype, possibly during curation and data capture (https: // scd. landcareresearch. co. nz / Specimen / NZAC 04021516), NZAC, examined. As noted in the Introduction, this species was referred almost simultaneously to Dactylonotus by both Grichanov (1998) and Bickel (1999), based on the original species description and illustrations of the male antenna and hypopygium. ADDITIONAL MATERIAL. — New Zealand • 1 ♂; Auckland: Kauri Park, North Shore; 15. XI. 1973; J. Dugdale leg.; NZAC • 2 ♀; Henderson Park, Opanuku Walkway, at Border Rd.; 7. XII. 2005, 16. XII. 2005; S. E. Thorpe leg.; NZAC.	en	Bickel, Daniel J. (2025): Dactylonotus Parent, 1934 - a disjunct generic distribution in southern Africa, New Zealand and New Caledonia (Diptera, Dolichopodidae). Zoosystema 47 (34): 799-807, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2025v47a34, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2025v47a34.pdf
1E0287C6FF86FF9A46BFFAD30128FAF9.taxon	description	REDESCRIPTION Male Length. 5.7 mm; wing: 5.2 × 2.0 mm (Fig. 3). Head. Frons blue-green with grey pruinosity; row of short postocular setae, white on ventral half and black on dorsal half; with dorsalmost setal pair (= postvertical setae) stronger and displaced onto surface of dorsal postcranium; palp enlarged, ovate, yellow with one short black apical seta (MSSC); antenna mostly yellow basally, with pedicel and postpedicel infuscated; pedicel prolonged dorsally and resting in dorsal groove on basal half of postpedicel; postpedicel large and blade-shaped, so that ventral postpedicel extends basad from attachment at apex of pedicel (MSSC). Thorax. Mesonotum mostly dark brown with iridescence and complex pruinosity: mostly grey, with narrow brown stripes between acrostichal and dorsocentral rows, and laterally over humeral region; extending posteriorly almost to edge of mesonotum acrostichal band becoming silvery white on posterior mesonotal slope, and narrow brown stripes laterad of acrostichal band becoming wider and dark brown posteriorly; scutellum metallic blue; pleura mostly brown with grey pruinosity, but with areas of yellow cuticle (Fig. 3 B); metepimeron yellow; 6 - 7 strong uniseriate acrostichal setae; six strong dorsocentral setae, slightly decreasing in size anteriorly, lateral scutellar seta about one third length of median seta; lower proepisternum with long and short pale yellow curved setae. Legs. Coxae and remainder of legs almost entirely yellow; anterior face of CI basally with short white setae and distal half with short black hairs; with three strong black lateral setae along distal half and row of 4 - 5 short apical setae; CII with strong anterolateral seta at 1 / 3 and 4 / 5; CIII with strong black lateral seta at 2 / 5; I: 7.0; 7.2; 4.2 / 2.4 / 1.8 / 1.0 / 0.8; TI with short ad seta at 1 / 4, 1 / 3 and 3 / 5, short pd seta at 1 / 4 and 1 / 2, and with short subapical dorsal, pd, and posterior setae; II: 7.7; 8.3; 5.7 / 2.8 / 1.5 / 0.8 / 0.7; FII with strong anterior preapical seta, and with short subapical av and pv seta and av and pv rows of short setae in basal two-thirds; TII with offset ad-pd setal pairs at 1 / 5, 2 / 5, and 3 / 5, and with subapical circlet of pd, dorsal, ad, av and pv setae; III: 9.0; 10.2; 3.0 / 4.3 / 1.9 / 1.0 / 0.8; FIII with strong anterior preapical seta, with short preapical av and pv setae; and with short av and pv setae; TIII with ad seta at 1 / 8, 1 / 4, and 1 / 2, and with five dorsal setae along basal two thirds; row of short ventral setae along entire length, and subapical circlet of dorsal, ad, av and pv setae. Wing. Membrane hyaline; vein R 4 + 5 joining margin anteriad of apex; vein M 1 with flexion (bosse alaire) halfway between dm-m and wing apex, and distally displaced, becoming subparallel with distal R 4 + 5, and joining wing apex; CuAx ratio: 0.6; anal angle developed; lower calypter pale yellow with fan of pale yellow setae; halter pale yellow. Abdomen. Tergite 1 yellow with long posterior setae; tergites 2 - 5 mostly yellow, with dark brown posterior margin; tergites 2 - 5 with short black vestiture, with longer setae near posterior tergal margins; tergites 6 - 7 mostly yellow; sternite 8 yellow, ovate with two strong setae along its distal margin and other scattered setae; hypopygium (Fig. 3 C) mostly yellow, epandrium ovate; surstylus with two subparallel arms, with ventral arm truncate and dorsal arm tapering with pale curve hairs; cercus brown, digitiform with fine whitish hairs. Female (Fig. 3 D) Similar to male except as noted: postpedicel also bladelike but much shorter and basally yellowish; FII and FIII without rows of short av and pv setae; female oviscapt with epiproct (tergites 9 + 10) bearing five pairs of blade-like acanthophorites.	en	Bickel, Daniel J. (2025): Dactylonotus Parent, 1934 - a disjunct generic distribution in southern Africa, New Zealand and New Caledonia (Diptera, Dolichopodidae). Zoosystema 47 (34): 799-807, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2025v47a34, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2025v47a34.pdf
1E0287C6FF86FF9A46BFFAD30128FAF9.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Dactylonotus formosus (Parent, 1933) is known from scattered locales on the North Island and the Banks Peninsula on the South Island of New Zealand. The complex thoracic pruinosity pattern is distinctive. Photos of live specimens have been posted on https: // www. inaturalist. org / taxa / 380089 - Dactylonotus-formosus.	en	Bickel, Daniel J. (2025): Dactylonotus Parent, 1934 - a disjunct generic distribution in southern Africa, New Zealand and New Caledonia (Diptera, Dolichopodidae). Zoosystema 47 (34): 799-807, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2025v47a34, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2025v47a34.pdf
