identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
86D9CDD722515EC8AC49D3753652F08A.text	86D9CDD722515EC8AC49D3753652F08A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudohelminthosporium clematidis Phukhams. & K. D. Hyde	<div><p>Pseudohelminthosporium clematidis Phukhams. &amp; K. D. Hyde, in Tan, Bishop-Hurley, Marney &amp; Shivas, Index of Australian Fungi 53: 13 (2025)</p><p>Fig. 6</p><p>= Pseudohelminthosporium clematidis Phukhams. &amp; K. D. Hyde, in Phukhamsakda et al., Fungal Diversity 102: 59 (2020).</p><p>= Pseudohelminthosporium clematidis Phukhams. &amp; K. D. Hyde, in Tan &amp; Dearnaley, Index of Australian Fungi 52: 5 (2025).</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>MFLU 17–1494.</p><p>Description. Saprobic on decaying wood or herbaceous plant material in terrestrial habitats. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Colonies on Clematis sikkimensis effuse, black, hairy, scattered, dark brown. Mycelium immersed, on the substrate surface forming stroma-like aggregations of dark brown sheet. Conidiophores 125–435 × 9–20 μm (x ̄ = 230 × 12 μm, n = 20), macronematous, simple, solitary, branched at the apex, stipes straight or flexuous, cylindrical, erect, septate, smooth, dark brown to reddish brown, 8–14 septa, brown, well-defined small pores with dark scar at the apex, smooth or verruculose. Conidiogenous cells 17–60 × 9–12 μm (x ̄ = 40 × 12 μm, n = 10), monotretic or polytretic, integrated, terminal, becoming intercalary, doliiform to oblong, pale brown. Conidia 63–142 × 16–26 μm (x ̄ = 87 × 20 μm, n = 20), phragmosporous, acrogenous, broad fusiform or obclavate, distoseptate at the early state, 3–12 - euseptate at maturity, slightly constricted at septa, dark brown to reddish brown, verrucose, gradually tapering to 13 μm at the distal end, with a dark brown to black scar present at the base, subhyaline, elongate cells at the upper end of conidia, with (1 –) 2 guttules in each cell.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Thailand, • Chiang Rai Province, Mae Sai District, dead stems of Clematis sikkimensis, 24 June 2017, C. Phukhamsakda &amp; M. van de Bult, CMTHDT 02 (MFLU 17–1494, holotype); ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 17–2086 .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>We have reverified the type specimen of Pseudohelminthosporium clematidis and reinstated the genus Pseudohelminthosporium . Koukol and Delgado (2021) treated Pseudohelminthosporium as a synonym of Neopodoconis, considering P. clematidis conspecific with N. ampullacea . However, we do not concur with this taxonomic interpretation as their conclusion was largely based on morphological resemblance without any molecular support. The morphological characteristics of Pseudohelminthosporium, particularly its mode of conidiogenesis, conidial morphology, and stromatic development, are sufficiently distinct from Neopodoconis . While Koukol and Delgado (2021) emphasised the similarity in polytretic, sympodial conidiogenesis and conidial septation patterns, their argument fails to acknowledge the variability and structural nuances described in the protologue of P. clematidis by Phukhamsakda et al. (2020). Moreover, the synonymy was proposed without molecular data derived from the type materials of P. clematidis and N. ampullacea, rendering their conclusion speculative. Therefore, until comparative molecular data from authentic type specimens of both taxa are available, the synonymy remains inconclusive. Based on morphological and developmental features, we uphold Pseudohelminthosporium as a distinct and valid genus within Neomassarinaceae, based on multigene phylogenetic analyses. The same applies to the original publication by Phukhamsakda et al. (2020), which placed this genus within Neomassarinaceae . Notably, the description provided by Phukhamsakda et al. (2020) has been revised following a re-examination of the type specimen. A discrepancy was noted between the conidial septation mentioned in the original description and illustrated conidia (fig. 37 j, p. 69). Based on this re-evaluation, the conidial septation is amended to 3–12 - euseptate, rather than 3–5 - euseptate as originally reported.</p><p>A detailed synopsis table of morphologically similar genera Neopodoconis, Pseudohelminthosporium, Rostriconidium, and Sporidesmioides is given in Table 3.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/86D9CDD722515EC8AC49D3753652F08A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Paraparath, Sruthi O.;Rajeshkumar, Kunhiraman C.;Siddiqui, Shadma;Chandran, Dilna;Phookamasak, Rungtiwa;Li, Junfu;Wijayawardene, Nalin N.;Verma, Rajnish Kumar;Karunarathna, Samantha C.;Tibpromma, Sawoluck;Gautam, Ajay Kumar;Kapoor, Rupam;Suwannarach, Nakarin;Jeewon, Rajesh	Paraparath, Sruthi O., Rajeshkumar, Kunhiraman C., Siddiqui, Shadma, Chandran, Dilna, Phookamasak, Rungtiwa, Li, Junfu, Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Verma, Rajnish Kumar, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Tibpromma, Sawoluck, Gautam, Ajay Kumar, Kapoor, Rupam, Suwannarach, Nakarin, Jeewon, Rajesh (2026): Phenotypic plasticity and cryptic generic enigma in Pleosporales: Establishing Sporidesmioidesaceae fam. nov. and Rostriconidium synnematicum sp. nov. from India. MycoKeys 138: 1-33, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.138.184414
6B9A457D0CED5AC19254F124FB3170AB.text	6B9A457D0CED5AC19254F124FB3170AB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudohelminthosporium Phukhams. & K. D. Hyde	<div><p>Pseudohelminthosporium Phukhams. &amp; K. D. Hyde, Index of Australian Fungi 53: 13 (2025)</p><p>= Pseudohelminthosporium Phukhams. &amp; K. D. Hyde, in Phukhamsakda et al., Fungal Diversity 102: 59 (2020) (Nom. inval., Art. 40.1 (Shenzhen)).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Saprobic on decaying wood or herbaceous plant material in terrestrial habitats. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Colonies on host substrates, effuse, black, hairy, scattered, dark brown. Mycelium immersed in the substrate forming dark brown stroma-like aggregations. Conidiophores macronematous, simple, solitary, branched at the apex, stripes straight or flexuous, cylindrical, dark brown to reddish brown, multi-septate, with well-defined small pores at the apex, smooth or verruculose. Conidiogenous cells monotretic or polytretic, integrated, terminal on conidiophores, doliiform to oblong, pale brown. Conidia phragmosporous, acrogenous, broad fusiform or obclavate, dark brown to reddish brown, distoseptate when young, becoming euseptate at maturity, verrucose, dark brown bud scars, disjunctions present at the basal position, hyaline, elongate cells at the upper end of conidia, with guttules in each cell.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6B9A457D0CED5AC19254F124FB3170AB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Paraparath, Sruthi O.;Rajeshkumar, Kunhiraman C.;Siddiqui, Shadma;Chandran, Dilna;Phookamasak, Rungtiwa;Li, Junfu;Wijayawardene, Nalin N.;Verma, Rajnish Kumar;Karunarathna, Samantha C.;Tibpromma, Sawoluck;Gautam, Ajay Kumar;Kapoor, Rupam;Suwannarach, Nakarin;Jeewon, Rajesh	Paraparath, Sruthi O., Rajeshkumar, Kunhiraman C., Siddiqui, Shadma, Chandran, Dilna, Phookamasak, Rungtiwa, Li, Junfu, Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Verma, Rajnish Kumar, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Tibpromma, Sawoluck, Gautam, Ajay Kumar, Kapoor, Rupam, Suwannarach, Nakarin, Jeewon, Rajesh (2026): Phenotypic plasticity and cryptic generic enigma in Pleosporales: Establishing Sporidesmioidesaceae fam. nov. and Rostriconidium synnematicum sp. nov. from India. MycoKeys 138: 1-33, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.138.184414
76BBFF279AC752E68EE1CC9680286721.text	76BBFF279AC752E68EE1CC9680286721.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rostriconidium synnematicum Rajeshk., O. P. Sruthi, Karun., R. K. Verma & Wijayaw. 2026	<div><p>Rostriconidium synnematicum Rajeshk., O. P. Sruthi, Karun., R. K. Verma &amp; Wijayaw. sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 4, 5</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Refers to the synnematous nature of fungus.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>AMH 10845.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Saprobic on submerged decaying wood. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Colonies grow on the surface of the substrate, black, with indeterminate synnemata. Mycelium immersed in the substrate, composed of pale brown, septate, unbranched hyphae. Synnemata 720–1450 × 8.2–17.5 μm (x – = 1150 × 12 μm, n = 30) dark brown to black, smooth-walled, septate, unbranched, straight or slightly flexuous. Conidiogenous cells enteroblastic, monotretic or polytretic, sympodial, integrated, pore dimension 4–6.5 × 4–7.5 μm. Conidial secession schizolytic. Conidia 44–70 × 13–22 μm (x – = 56 × 18 μm, n = 30), solitary, smooth, dry, acropleurogenous, young conidia obpyriform and fusiform at maturity, dark brown, pale or light brown at the apex, rostrate, guttulate, 4–6 - septate, dark bands at the septa, black truncate scar at base.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Colonies on MEA at 25 ± 2 ° C after 20 d slow growing, reaching 28–30 mm diam., initially white (1 A 1), becoming greyish brown (5 D 3) to brownish grey (5 D 2) with age, reverse olive brown (4 D 4), to brownish grey (5 D 2). Colonies circular, flat, velvety, with irregularly lobate margins that are umbonate at the centre.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>India. • Maharashtra, Tamhini Ghats, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=73.51304&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.489523" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 73.51304/lat 18.489523)">Mulshi Village</a>, 18.489522°N, 73.513039°E, on unidentified decaying wood, 05 August 2023, OP Sruthi &amp; KC Rajeshkumar, holotype — AMH 10845, ex - type living culture NFCCI 6243 .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Our new collection (AMH 10845) differs from all other accepted species of Rostriconidium by its larger synnemata (720–1450 × 8.2–17.5 μm). Conidia of R. synnematicum (44–70 × 13–22 μm) are smaller than the conidia of other species of Rostriconidium, and they also differ in the number of conidial septa. Conidiogenesis in R. synnematicum is monotretic or polytretic, as reported in the type species R. aquaticum . In the remaining Rostriconidium species, conidiogenesis is described as mono- or polyblastic, instead giving importance to the trectic conidiogenesis. Phylogenetically, the new collection represents a new lineage within Torulaceae, sister to the clade comprising Rostriconidium pandanicola, R. cangshanense, and R. aquaticum, and is supported by statistical evidence (ML - BS = 100 %, BY-PP = 1.00) (Figs 1, 2). Hence, we introduce our new collection as a new species of Rostriconidium s. str. i. e., R. synnematicum . A detailed synopsis table of all phylogenetically accepted species under Rostriconidium is given in Table 2.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/76BBFF279AC752E68EE1CC9680286721	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Paraparath, Sruthi O.;Rajeshkumar, Kunhiraman C.;Siddiqui, Shadma;Chandran, Dilna;Phookamasak, Rungtiwa;Li, Junfu;Wijayawardene, Nalin N.;Verma, Rajnish Kumar;Karunarathna, Samantha C.;Tibpromma, Sawoluck;Gautam, Ajay Kumar;Kapoor, Rupam;Suwannarach, Nakarin;Jeewon, Rajesh	Paraparath, Sruthi O., Rajeshkumar, Kunhiraman C., Siddiqui, Shadma, Chandran, Dilna, Phookamasak, Rungtiwa, Li, Junfu, Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Verma, Rajnish Kumar, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Tibpromma, Sawoluck, Gautam, Ajay Kumar, Kapoor, Rupam, Suwannarach, Nakarin, Jeewon, Rajesh (2026): Phenotypic plasticity and cryptic generic enigma in Pleosporales: Establishing Sporidesmioidesaceae fam. nov. and Rostriconidium synnematicum sp. nov. from India. MycoKeys 138: 1-33, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.138.184414
548E6BD2B8B7598399367BA6EF0D4AFC.text	548E6BD2B8B7598399367BA6EF0D4AFC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rostriconidium yunnanensis (W. P. Wang, H. W. Shen & Z. L. Luo) Rajeshk., O. P. Sruthi, Karun., Jeewon & Wijayaw. 2026	<div><p>Rostriconidium yunnanensis (W. P. Wang, H. W. Shen &amp; Z. L. Luo) Rajeshk., O. P. Sruthi, Karun., Jeewon &amp; Wijayaw. comb. nov.</p><p>Synonym: Neopodoconis yunnanensis W. P. Wang, H. W. Shen &amp; Z. L. Luo, in Wang, Shen, Bao, Lu, Yang, Su &amp; Luo, MycoKeys 99: 8 (2023).</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>KUN-HKAS 121702.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Original description, see Wang et al. (2023).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Wang et al. (2023) introduced Rostriconidium yunnanensis as Neopodoconis yunnanensis by accepting the treatment of Qiu et al. (2022); a preprint paper has not been published validly. Here, we synonymise it under Rostriconidium based on multi-gene phylogenetic analyses (Fig. 2). Rostriconidium yunnanensis is morphologically distinct from R. aquaticum in having shorter but broader conidia (100–155 × 23–38 vs. 134–180 × 22–26 μm). Additionally, it has smooth conidiophores, lacks constriction at the septum, and has larger conidia compared to R. pandanicola (100–155 × 23–38 μm vs. 55–110 × 18–26 μm), different from R. cangshanense in terms of larger size (100–155 × 23–38 vs. 94–109 × 11–24 μm), and lacks a hyaline sheath in the apex of conidia. Based on morphology and multigene phylogeny, Wang et al. (2023) described it as a new species. In this study, based on a combined LSU, ITS, SSU, tef 1 - α, and rpb 2 dataset, R. yunnanensis KUNCC 22-10737 was placed as a separate lineage basal to all other Rostriconidium species with statistical support.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/548E6BD2B8B7598399367BA6EF0D4AFC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Paraparath, Sruthi O.;Rajeshkumar, Kunhiraman C.;Siddiqui, Shadma;Chandran, Dilna;Phookamasak, Rungtiwa;Li, Junfu;Wijayawardene, Nalin N.;Verma, Rajnish Kumar;Karunarathna, Samantha C.;Tibpromma, Sawoluck;Gautam, Ajay Kumar;Kapoor, Rupam;Suwannarach, Nakarin;Jeewon, Rajesh	Paraparath, Sruthi O., Rajeshkumar, Kunhiraman C., Siddiqui, Shadma, Chandran, Dilna, Phookamasak, Rungtiwa, Li, Junfu, Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Verma, Rajnish Kumar, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Tibpromma, Sawoluck, Gautam, Ajay Kumar, Kapoor, Rupam, Suwannarach, Nakarin, Jeewon, Rajesh (2026): Phenotypic plasticity and cryptic generic enigma in Pleosporales: Establishing Sporidesmioidesaceae fam. nov. and Rostriconidium synnematicum sp. nov. from India. MycoKeys 138: 1-33, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.138.184414
5BBECA31D034563E8CF921C2C5D7F359.text	5BBECA31D034563E8CF921C2C5D7F359.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sporidesmioidesaceae Rajeshk., O. P. Sruthi, Jeewon, Karun., J. F. Li & Wijayaw. 2026	<div><p>Sporidesmioidesaceae Rajeshk., O. P. Sruthi, Jeewon, Karun., J. F. Li &amp; Wijayaw. fam. nov.</p><p>Fig. 3</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Refers to the name of the type genus, Sporidesmioides .</p><p>Classification.</p><p>Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Saprobic on the plant litter of wood or herbs. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Hyphomycetous. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, straight or curved, septate, smooth, brown to dark brown, unbranched, erect, single or caespitose, smooth, thick-walled, cylindrical, arising from a stromatic base akin to pseudoparenchymatous stromata. Conidiogenous cells polyblastic, integrated, determinate or percurrent, terminal, sometimes becoming intercalary sympodial, often dark and prominent, cylindrical or doliiform. Conidia acrogenous, solitary, dry, ampulliform to obclavate, rostrate, straight or curved, conicotruncate at the base, septate, brown to dark brown, with paler cells at the end, smooth or verruculose to echinulate, subhyaline at the apex, thick-walled, with or without hyaline sheath at the apex. Conidial secession schizolytic (adopted from Li et al. 2016).</p><p>Type genus.</p><p>Sporidesmioides J. F. Li, Phookamsak &amp; K. D. Hyde .</p><p>Host and distribution.</p><p>on stem of a dead herb in Thailand (Chiang Rai Province).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Sporidesmioidesaceae, our newly established monotypic family, comprises the single genus Sporidesmioides with the type species S. thailandica . The family is known only from its asexual morph (Li et al. 2016). Morphologically, S. thailandica shows superficial resemblance to species of Neopodoconis and Rostriconidium in conidial shape and pigmentation; however, Sporidesmioidesaceae differs fundamentally in its mode of conidiogenesis, which is strictly polyblastic, whereas Neopodoconis and Rostriconidium exhibit mono or polytretic conidiogenesis. In phylogenetic analyses based on combined LSU, ITS, SSU, tef 1 - α, and rpb 2 gene datasets, S. thailandica forms a distinct clade sister to Roussoellaceae, Thyridariaceae, and Torulaceae, supporting its recognition as a separate family within the order Pleosporales, class Dothideomycetes .</p><p>When compared with Torulaceae, Sporidesmioidesaceae differs in several key morphological characters. Both families are known only from asexual morphs; however, conidiophores in Torulaceae are erect, subcylindrical, branched or unbranched, and arise from an immersed mycelium, whereas Sporidesmioidesaceae produces erect, cylindrical, and unbranched conidiophores arising from a stromatic base. Conidiogenous cells in Torulaceae are mono or polyblastic, doliiform to ellipsoid or clavate, smooth to verruculose, sometimes cupulate, while those of Sporidesmioidesaceae are strictly polyblastic, integrated, and frequently pigmented. In addition, conidia in Torulaceae are mostly subcylindrical, phragmosporous, brown, septate, and commonly arranged in branched chains, contrasting with the solitary, ampulliform to obclavate conidia of Sporidesmioidesaceae .</p><p>Sporidesmioidesaceae also differs markedly from Roussoellaceae by well-developed sexual morphs and coelomycetous asexual morphs, whereas Sporidesmioidesaceae is strictly hyphomycetous and lacks a known sexual morph. The asexual morphs of Roussoellaceae are highly variable, with pycnidial, stromatic conidiomata that may be cytoplea-like, melanconiopsis-like, neomelanconium-like, or cyclothyrium-like. In contrast, Sporidesmioidesaceae has mononematous conidiophores. Furthermore, conidiogenous cells in Roussoellaceae are holoblastic, annellidic, discrete, and often hyaline, whereas those in Sporidesmioidesaceae are integrated, polyblastic. Conidia in Roussoellaceae are globose to ellipsoidal and range from hyaline to dark brown, contrasting with the consistently pigmented, pyriform conidia of Sporidesmioidesaceae .</p><p>In comparison with Thyridariaceae, Sporidesmioidesaceae is distinguished by the absence of sexual morphs and by its hyphomycetous asexual morph. Thyridariaceae typically possesses prominent sexual morphs and cyclothyrium-like asexual morphs with pycnidial conidiomata. Conidiogenous cells in Thyridariaceae are holoblastic or polyblastic, and conidia are generally brown, smooth-walled, and septate, but they are produced within conidiomata rather than directly on conidiophores as in Sporidesmioidesaceae . These diagnostic morphological characters, together with strong multi-gene phylogenetic support, justify the introduction of Sporidesmioidesaceae as a new family within Pleosporales .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5BBECA31D034563E8CF921C2C5D7F359	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Paraparath, Sruthi O.;Rajeshkumar, Kunhiraman C.;Siddiqui, Shadma;Chandran, Dilna;Phookamasak, Rungtiwa;Li, Junfu;Wijayawardene, Nalin N.;Verma, Rajnish Kumar;Karunarathna, Samantha C.;Tibpromma, Sawoluck;Gautam, Ajay Kumar;Kapoor, Rupam;Suwannarach, Nakarin;Jeewon, Rajesh	Paraparath, Sruthi O., Rajeshkumar, Kunhiraman C., Siddiqui, Shadma, Chandran, Dilna, Phookamasak, Rungtiwa, Li, Junfu, Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Verma, Rajnish Kumar, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Tibpromma, Sawoluck, Gautam, Ajay Kumar, Kapoor, Rupam, Suwannarach, Nakarin, Jeewon, Rajesh (2026): Phenotypic plasticity and cryptic generic enigma in Pleosporales: Establishing Sporidesmioidesaceae fam. nov. and Rostriconidium synnematicum sp. nov. from India. MycoKeys 138: 1-33, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.138.184414
