identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
197DB050FFA4FFF73CB9FECEA8BCCD15.text	197DB050FFA4FFF73CB9FECEA8BCCD15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monteiroa	<div><p>Key to species of Monteiroa</p><p>1. Leaves unlobed, lanceolate, oblong, linear-lanceolate, lanceolate-ovate or narrowly elliptic, sometimes subsessile, mainly in fertile stems...................................................................................................................................................................................................2</p><p>- Leaves usually 3–5-lobed (rarely unlobed) or triangular, with greater petioles in fertile stems, not subsessile................................6</p><p>2. Leaves bullate, with simple (rarely stellate) trichomes at apex of blisters; abaxial surface of leaves stellate-tomentose; epicalyx mainly stellate-tomentose, glabrous at margins ...................................................................................................... Monteiroa bullata</p><p>- Leaves plain or with veins in grooves but not bullate, indument glabrate, arachnoid or with simple trichomes on the adaxial surface; abaxial surface of leaves glabrous, with sparse stellate trichomes or strigose; epicalyx glabrous or with sparse trichomes, sometimes ciliate at margins...............................................................................................................................................................3</p><p>3. Corolla red; petals 5–10 mm long; mericarps 2–3 × 1.2–2 mm, sparsely stellate trichomes apically and on the upper portion of the dorsal surface, stellate branches/arms up to 0.3 mm long......................................................................................... Monteiroa rubra</p><p>- Corolla pink; petals more than 10 mm long; mericarps 3.5–5 × 3–4 mm, densely stellate-hirsute apically and on the upper portion of the dorsal surface, stellate branches/arms to 1.5 or 2 mm long .....................................................................................................4</p><p>4. Plants glabrate or with arachnoid young stems and inflorescences; epicalyx inserted 1–2 mm below the calyx; leaves glabrate or sparsely arachnoid on both surfaces.............................................................................................................. Monteiroa ptarmicifolia</p><p>- Plants glabrate or with stellate trichomes; epicalyx adnate to the calyx; leaves with stellate trichomes on abaxial surface and glabrate or with simple or bifid trichomes on adaxial surface ...........................................................................................................5</p><p>5. Young stems glabrate, trichomes 1 mm long; adaxial surface of leaves usually glabrate, rarely with simple trichomes, usually with flat veins or in slightly grooves; abaxial surface with sparse stellate trichomes, arms/branches of stellate trichomes up to 0.5 mm long......................................................................................................................................................................... Monteiroa dusenii</p><p>- Young stems densely stellate hirsute, trichomes 1,5– 2 mm long; adaxial surface of leaves with simple or bifid trichomes, with veins in grooves; abaxial surface with stellate trichomes with arms/branches up to 1–1.5 mm long....................... Monteiroa reitzii</p><p>6. Corolla persistent in fruit; epicalyx bracts 3–4 mm long, shorter than calyx.................................................... Monteiroa glomerata</p><p>- Corolla early caducous; epicalyx bracts 6–20 mm long, equal or exceeding the calyx.....................................................................7</p><p>7. Leaves 2–5 times longer than wide; epicalyx bracts 10 × 2–3 mm ....................................................................................................8</p><p>- Leaves equal or sub-equal in length and width; epicalyx bracts (9–)1.1–19 × (2–) 4–10 mm ...........................................................9</p><p>8. Leaves 10–12 × 3,5–4,5 cm, lanceolate or oblong, adaxial surface bullate, with simple or bifid trichomes on blisters ..................... .................................................................................................................................................................................... Monteiroa leitei</p><p>- Leaves up to 9–10 × 3, 5 cm, triangular, adaxial surface plain, not bullate, with simple trichomes, rarely bifid or stellate................ ................................................................................................................................................................... Monteiroa triangularifolia</p><p>9. Prostrate or scrambling shrubs; leaves bullate, adaxial surface with simple trichomes; stems stellate-hispid.................................... ...................................................................................................................................................................... Monteiroa catharinensis</p><p>- Erect, erect-cespitose or scrambling shrubs; leaves adaxial surface with stellate trichomes; stems stellate-incanous or stellate-pubescent ..........................................................................................................................................................................................10</p><p>10. Erect-cespitose or scrambling shrubs; stems stellate incanous; calyx 10–19 mm long ................................ Monteiroa hatschbachii</p><p>- Erect shrubs; stems stellate-pubescent; calyx 6–9 mm long ................................................................................... Monteiroa smithii</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/197DB050FFA4FFF73CB9FECEA8BCCD15	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Grings, Martin;Boldrini, Ilsi Iob	Grings, Martin, Boldrini, Ilsi Iob (2025): Synopsis of Monteiroa (Malvaceae, Malvoideae). Phytotaxa 714 (2): 129-156, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.714.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.714.2.3
197DB050FFA4FFF13CB9FA10A982CFD8.text	197DB050FFA4FFF13CB9FA10A982CFD8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monteiroa bullata (Ekman) Krapovickas 1951	<div><p>1. Monteiroa bullata (Ekman) Krapovickas (1951: 242) . ≡ Malvastrum bullatum Ekman (1913: 6–8) . Lectotype (first-step inadvertently designated by Krapovickas (1951); second-step designated here): BRAZIL. Santa Catarina. Calmon, in subpaludosis, 15 March 1910, P. Dusén 9331 (S-R-11222! #; isolectotypes S09-14850! #, NY barcode 00221845! #, F barcode 0062953F! #). Figures 1 and 22.</p><p>Nomenclatural notes: — Krapovickas (1951) chose the collection of P. Dusén 9331 at S which cited in the protologue (Ekman 1913). However, there are two specimens of this collection in S herbarium. Therefore, according to Art. 9.17, of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (hereafter the ICN, Turland et al. 2018) a second step of lectotypification was necessary. The specimen S-R-11222 was chosen as lectotype because it is more representative, with the presence of fruits, and by the presence of a label with the determination of Ekman.</p><p>Taxonomic notes: —The species is characterized by: erect shrubs up to 4 m tall; young stems stellate-tomentose; presence of bullate and unlobed leaves, with obtuse base; adaxial surface of the leaves covered with sparse simple trichomes at the apex of the blisters and abaxial surface stellate-tomentose; calyx and epicalyx usually stellate-tomentose, not ciliate; epicalyx bracts lanceolate to ovate, rarely linear, 0.45–1.1 × 0.05–0.6 cm; corolla light pink to dark pink. See taxonomic notes of Monteiroa reitzii .</p><p>Distribution, habitat and conservation status: —This species occurs in Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul) (Figure 2), and grows in wetlands mainly of the Provincia Paranense (Cabrera &amp; Willink 1973), in the highland grasslands in contact with Araucaria forests, with some collections for the Provincia Pampeana, in southern Brazil. With the available records the species presents an EOO of 86,800.072 Km² and an AOO of 144 Km². Although it can be considered EN by the AOO, conditions B2[a, b, c] were not met. Therefore, the species is here considered Least Concern (LC). However, the situation of the species must be monitored, because the species occurs in very restricted areas, in general small swamps or on the edge of watercourses associated with highland grasslands which has suffered great losses in area due to conversion to crops in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Andrade et al. 2015, Mapbiomas 2023).</p><p>Additional Specimens Examined: — BRAZIL. Paraná. Quatro Barras, Rio Bracajuvava, 950 m, 15 December 1964, G Hatschbach 12018 (MBM). Rio Grande do Sul. Nova Petrópolis, Linha Imperial, antes do CTG Pousada da Serra, 680 m, 07 November 2010, M. Grings &amp; G. M. Hennemann 1092 (ICN, HUCS, FLOR) ; Viamão, Águas Claras, Banhado dos Pachecos, 19 October 2012, F. Schmidt-Silveira 405 (ICN). Santa Catarina. Capão Alto, margem da BR-116, WGS 84 S 28.01213 W 050.54765, 905 m, 21 December 2018, M. Grings 1992 (ICN) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/197DB050FFA4FFF13CB9FA10A982CFD8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Grings, Martin;Boldrini, Ilsi Iob	Grings, Martin, Boldrini, Ilsi Iob (2025): Synopsis of Monteiroa (Malvaceae, Malvoideae). Phytotaxa 714 (2): 129-156, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.714.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.714.2.3
197DB050FFA0FFFD3CB9F9C8A8BCCEF9.text	197DB050FFA0FFFD3CB9F9C8A8BCCEF9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monteiroa catharinensis Krapovickas 1962	<div><p>2. Monteiroa catharinensis Krapovickas (1962: 63-65) . Holotype: BRAZIL. Santa Catarina. Bom Retiro, Fazenda Campo dos Padres, 1650 m, rocky stream bank by house, 17–19 November 1956, L. B. Smith, R. Reitz &amp; R. M. Klein 7723 (LIL!; isotypes: CTES barcode 0013675! #, HBR!, US 00098194! #, NY barcode 00221877! #, P barcode 00156877! #, R 000200397! [digital image]). Figures 3 and 22.</p><p>Taxonomic notes: —The species is characterized by: prostrate to scrambler shrubs; stems densely hispid; great flowers (petals 1.6–1.8 × 1.3–1.7 cm); bullate, cordate and 3–5-lobed leaves; epicalyx bracts 1.2–1.9 × 0.3–1 cm.</p><p>Distribution, habitat and conservation status:—This species occurs in Brazil (Santa Catarina) (Figure 4), and grows in margin of rivers, at elevations above 1300 m, in the highland grasslands in ecotone with the Araucaria forests, in the Provincia Paranense (Cabrera &amp; Willink 1973). With the available records the species presents an EOO of 942.441 Km² and an AOO of 40km ². Although it can be considered EN by the EOO and AOO, conditions B(a), B(b) and B(c) were not met. Therefore, the species is here considered Least Concern (LC). However, the situation of the species must be monitored, because it occurs in a very small area of the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil.</p><p>Representative specimens: — BRAZIL. Santa Catarina. Bom Retiro, Fazenda Campo dos Padres. Rocky banks, 1650 m, 17 November 1956, L. B. Smith, R. Reitz, R. M. Klein 7723 (HBR); Rio Rufino, Fazenda Santo Antônio, 1 November 2012, M. M. P. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.635437&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.142408" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.635437/lat -28.142408)">Floriani</a> 282 (LUSC). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.635437&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.142408" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.635437/lat -28.142408)">Urubici</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.635437&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.142408" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.635437/lat -28.142408)">Parque Nacional de São Joaquim</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.635437&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.142408" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.635437/lat -28.142408)">Santa Bárbara</a>, WGS 84 28° 8’32.67”S 49°38’7.56”O, 1364 m, 11 November 2019, M. Grings 2085 (ICN) ; Urupema, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-49.855278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.9275" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -49.855278/lat -27.9275)">Cachoeira</a> que congela, WGS 84 27º55’39” S, 49º51’19”W, 1561m, 06 November 2013, A. C. Cervi, E. Barboza, J. Cordeiro 10142 (MBM) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/197DB050FFA0FFFD3CB9F9C8A8BCCEF9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Grings, Martin;Boldrini, Ilsi Iob	Grings, Martin, Boldrini, Ilsi Iob (2025): Synopsis of Monteiroa (Malvaceae, Malvoideae). Phytotaxa 714 (2): 129-156, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.714.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.714.2.3
197DB050FFAEFFFC3CB9F8CCA993CB8E.text	197DB050FFAEFFFC3CB9F8CCA993CB8E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monteiroa dusenii (Ekman) Krapovickas 1951	<div><p>3. Monteiroa dusenii (Ekman) Krapovickas (1951: 242) . ≡ Malvastrum dusenii Ekman (1913:5-6) . Lectotype (first-step inadvertently designated by Hill (1982), corrected from “ holotype ”; second-step designated here): BRAZIL. Paraná. Pinhaes [São José dos Pinhais?], ad marge viae ferrea, 29 October 1908, P. Dusén 7084 (S-R-11224!; isolectotypes S13-4055! #, GH barcode 00052956!, MICH barcode 1104739!, MO barcode 2196974! #, F barcode 0062955F! #, NY barcode 00221848! #, P barcode 00156876! #). Figures 5 and 22.</p><p>Nomenclatural notes: — Hill (1982) chose the collection of P. Dusén 7084 housed at S, cited in the protologue (Ekman 1913), as holotype of Monteiroa dusenii . However, we could be able to locate two specimens of P. Dusén 7084 at S. Therefore, according to Art. 9.17, of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Turland et al. 2018) a second step of lectotypification was necessary. The specimen S-R-11224 was chosen as lectotype because it is more representative, and by the presence of a label with the determination of Ekman.</p><p>Taxonomic notes: —The species is characterized by its erect habit up to 2 m high, plain leaves or in slightly grooves, glabrous adaxial surface, rarely subglabrous with sparse simple trichomes, subglabrous abaxial surface with sparse stellate trichomes with branches up to 0.5 mm, epicalyx bracts lanceolate to ovate, 0.7–1.4 × 0.15–0.7 cm, and dark pink corolla.</p><p>Distribution, habitat and conservation status: —This species occurs in Brazil (Paraná and Santa Catarina States) (Figure 6), and grows in wetlands, at elevations of 800 to 1400 m, in highland grasslands in ecotone with the Araucaria forests, in the Provincia Paranense (Cabrera &amp; Willink 1973). With the available records the species presents an EOO of 14,266.859 Km² and an AOO of 44 km ², and can be considered vulnerable by the EOO and Endangered by the AOO. The species suffers impacts with the increasing urbanization of the main places where it inhabits, the metropolitan region of Curitiba, capital of the State of Paraná, Brazil, and also the urban region of the city of São Bento do Sul-SC. Therefore, a continuous decline in its AOO is observed and estimated, as well as the presence of a severely fragmented habitat, also caused by the presence of crops and silviculture. So the species is here considered Endangered (EN), criteria B2[ab (i,ii,iii)].</p><p>Representative specimens: — BRAZIL. Paraná. Piraquara, Jardim Holandês, 01 October 1997, J. M. Silva, J. Cordeiro &amp; J. M. Cruz 2031 (MBM, FLOR) ; São José dos Pinhais, Rio Guamirim, 29 December 1969, G. Hatschbach 22740 (MBM, CTES) ; Tijucas do Sul, Tabatinga, 05 November 1956, G. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.37997&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.276" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.37997/lat -26.276)">Hatschbach</a> 3944 (MBM). Santa Catarina. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.37997&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.276" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.37997/lat -26.276)">Campo Alegre. Fazenda Ernesto Sheide</a>, 900 m, 19 December 1957, Reitz &amp; Klein 5337 (HBR, CTES). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.37997&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.276" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.37997/lat -26.276)">São Bento do Sul</a>, Serra Alta, trilhos do trem, 26°16’33.6”S 49°22’47.9”O, 816 m, 25 October 2018, M. Grings e Paulo Schwirkowski, 1933 (ICN) ; Urubici, Cachoeira Véu de Noiva, 21 December 2018, M. Grings 1990 (ICN) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/197DB050FFAEFFFC3CB9F8CCA993CB8E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Grings, Martin;Boldrini, Ilsi Iob	Grings, Martin, Boldrini, Ilsi Iob (2025): Synopsis of Monteiroa (Malvaceae, Malvoideae). Phytotaxa 714 (2): 129-156, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.714.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.714.2.3
197DB050FFAFFFFC3CB9FC1EAF65C02A.text	197DB050FFAFFFFC3CB9FC1EAF65C02A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monteiroa glomerata (Hooker & Arnott) Krapovickas 1951	<div><p>4. Monteiroa glomerata (Hook. &amp; Arn.) Krapovickas 242, (1951: 242). ≡ Malva glomerata Hooker et Arnott (1833:</p><p>151). Holotype: “woods of the Porana, Tweedie”, non Malva glomerata Hortul. ex DC, 1824 . Prodr. 1: 433, Buenos</p><p>Aires, J. Tweedie 1037 (K barcode 000528409! #). ≡ Malvastrum glomeratum (Hook. &amp; Arn.) Griseb., Symb. Fl.</p><p>Argent.: 42, 1879. Figures 7 and 22.</p><p>= Malva concinna Knowles &amp; Westcott (1837: 81-82), “seeds received by Mrs. Charles Shaw, of Birmingham, from South America”. Lectotype: fig. 38! (designated by Krapovickas 2003).</p><p>= Malvastrum Garckeanum K. Schumann (1891: 267-268), “Uruguaria, in arenosis humidis prope Montevideo, Arechavaleta n. 288, fi. Decembri”. (B?) Lectotype: tab. 52, fig. 1! (designated by Krapovickas 2003).</p><p>Taxonomic notes:—This species is characterized by it erect, cespitose or scrambling habit, up to 2, 5 m high; young stems with sparse stellate trichomes, sometimes tomentose; leaves one to twice more larger than wider, triangular, base cordate, rarely truncate, sometimes hastate and 3–5-lobed, crenate-dentate, both surfaces with sparse stellate trichomes, sometimes dense in some individuals, almost tomentose; flowers light pink to purple; epicalyx bracts 3–4 × 1 mm, shorter than calyx; corolla persistent in fruit, only species with this character in the genus.</p><p>Distribution, habitat and conservation status: —Occurs in Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul States), Argentina (Buenos Aires and Entre-Rios Provinces) and Uruguay (Canelones, Colonia, Lavalleja, Maldonado, Montevideo, Rio Negro and São José Departments) (Figure 8). Grows in wetlands and border of rivers in four phytogeographic provinces of Cabrera and Willink (1973), Provincia Pampeana (Pampa grasslands), Provincia Paranense ( Araucaria Forests and highland grasslands), Provincia del Espinal and Provincia del Monte. With the available records the species presents an EOO of 740,364.682 Km² and an AOO of 324 km ², and can be considered Least Concern by the EOO and Endangered by the AOO. However, conditions B1[abc] were not met, being the most frequent species and with the widest distribution of the genus. Therefore, the species is here considered Least Concern (LC).</p><p>Representative specimens: — ARGENTINA. Entre Rios. Gualeguaychú. Ea Rincón de Landa, sobre río Uruguay, Arroyo Malo y zanja de Flores, 31 October 1990, N. M. Bacigalupo &amp; R. Fortunato 1425 (SI). BRAZIL. Paraná. Palmas, Morro da Baliza-Lageadinho, 950 m, 20 November 1972, G Hatschbach 30739 (MBM). Rio Grande do Sul. Caxias do Sul, Faxinal, WGS 84 29° 5’19.86”S 51° 1’46.83”O, 711, 14 October 2018, M. Grings 1928 (ICN). Pelotas, Laranjal, 7 m, 07 October 2021, M. Grings 2279 (ICN). Santa Catarina. Capão Alto, BR 116, WGS 84 UTM 22 J 0535437 6888208, 968 m, 16 October 2018, M. Grings 1941 (ICN). URUGUAY. Canelones. Bañado Pando, 08 November 1947, D. Legrand 2671 (MVM.)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/197DB050FFAFFFFC3CB9FC1EAF65C02A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Grings, Martin;Boldrini, Ilsi Iob	Grings, Martin, Boldrini, Ilsi Iob (2025): Synopsis of Monteiroa (Malvaceae, Malvoideae). Phytotaxa 714 (2): 129-156, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.714.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.714.2.3
197DB050FFADFFF83CB9F9F5AF3ECEC4.text	197DB050FFADFFF83CB9F9F5AF3ECEC4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monteiroa hatschbachii Krapovickas 2003	<div><p>5. Monteiroa hatschbachii Krapovickas (2003: 55–57) . Holotype: BRAZIL. Paraná. União da Vitória, Estrada para Porto Vitória, arbusto do brejo, flor lila rosado, estames amarelos, 16 October 1966, G. Hatschbach 14911 (MBM!; Isotype CTES!). Figures 9 and 22.</p><p>Taxonomic notes:—This species is characterized by: erect-cespitose or scrambler shrubs, up to 2, 5 m high; stems stellate-incanous; leaves 6.5–30 × 6–20 cm, triangular-ovate, 3–5-lobed, adaxial surface with sparse stellate trichomes and abaxial surface stellate-incanous; calyx, epicalyx bracts and mericarps usually larger than other species of the genus; epicalyx bracts (0.9)1.3–2 × 0.3–1.3 cm; calyx 1–1.9 cm long, mericarps 6 × 4 mm.</p><p>Distribution, habitat and conservation status:—This species occurs in Brazil (Paraná State) (Figure 10), and grows in schrub by wetlands of the flood plains of the Iguaçu River, in Provincia Paranense (Cabrera &amp; Willink 1973). With the available records the species presents an EOO of 1,846.229 Km² and an AOO of 32 km ², and can be considered EN by both. However, conditions B [abc] were not met. Nonetheless M. hatschbachii is here considered Endangered (EN) by it very small population, &lt;250 mature individuals, criteria D.</p><p>Representative specimens:— BRAZIL. Paraná. Bituruna, Cantagalo, PR 170, 13 km S de Bituruna, 07 January 1985, A. Krapovickas &amp; C. L. Cristóbal 39585 (MBM) ; Paulo Frontin, Vicinal 9, 800 m, 07 October 2005, R. Wasum, G. Heiden, D. Alessandretti 3190 (HUCS). União da Vitória, BR-476, acesso Colônia Rio Vermelho e Linha São José, WGS 84 S - 26.19588 W -051.01995, 761 m, 04 November 2020, M. Grings, 2170 (ICN) ; Porto Vitória, 16 October 1966, G. Hatschbach 14916 (MBM) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/197DB050FFADFFF83CB9F9F5AF3ECEC4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Grings, Martin;Boldrini, Ilsi Iob	Grings, Martin, Boldrini, Ilsi Iob (2025): Synopsis of Monteiroa (Malvaceae, Malvoideae). Phytotaxa 714 (2): 129-156, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.714.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.714.2.3
197DB050FFABFFFA3CB9F8D7AE1CCEF9.text	197DB050FFABFFFA3CB9F8D7AE1CCEF9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monteiroa leitei Monteiro 1955	<div><p>6. Monteiroa leitei Monteiro (1955: 136–138) . Holotype: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Campos de Jordão, 1600 m, February 1946, J. E. Leite 3591 (RBR barcode 00037582! #). Figure 11 I-K.</p><p>Taxonomic notes: —This species is characterized by: shrubs with stems stellate-strigose; leaves entire or slightly 3–5- lobulate, bullate, lanceolate or oblong, 2–5 times more larger than wider, with simple or bifid trichomes in the blisters of the adaxial surface.</p><p>Distribution, habitat and conservation status: — Monteiroa leitei occurs in Brazil (São Paulo State) (Figure 13), and the only specimen known was found growing in margin of a little river at 1600 m above sea level, in the highland grasslands in ecotone with Araucaria forest, Provincia Paranense (Cabrera &amp; Willink 1973). Monteiroa leitei is here considered Critically Endangered (CR) because it has very small population, &lt;50 mature individuals, since only one individual has been located in the wild to date, criteria D.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/197DB050FFABFFFA3CB9F8D7AE1CCEF9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Grings, Martin;Boldrini, Ilsi Iob	Grings, Martin, Boldrini, Ilsi Iob (2025): Synopsis of Monteiroa (Malvaceae, Malvoideae). Phytotaxa 714 (2): 129-156, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.714.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.714.2.3
197DB050FFA9FFE53CB9F8CDAEDACFD9.text	197DB050FFA9FFE53CB9F8CDAEDACFD9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monteiroa ptarmicifolia (A. St. - Hilaire & Naudin) Krapovickas 1951	<div><p>7. Monteiroa ptarmicifolia (A.St.-Hilaire &amp; Naudin) Krapovickas (1951:242) . ≡ Malva ptarmicifolia A.St.-Hilaire &amp; Naudin in Ann. des Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 2, 18: 46. 1842. BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul. “Brésil, Province de Rio Grande (Herbier Imperial du Brésil n° 1234)”, C. Gaudichaud, 1833 (P barcode 00156878! #) [Sellow? 1234]. Figures 14 and 22.</p><p>Taxonomic notes: — Monteiroa ptarmicifolia is characterized by: erect shrubs up to 3 m high; glabrous or with arachnoid young stems and leaves; leaves plain, not bullate, lanceolate to oblong, crenate-dentate; epicalyx bracts 1–2 mm below calyx, lanceolate or narrowly elliptic, 0.5–1 × 0.1–0.3 cm, glabrous or arachnoid; corolla pink.</p><p>Distribution, habitat and conservation status: —This species occurs in Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina States) (Figure 15), and grows in wetlands and margin of rivers mainly of the Provincia Paranense (Cabrera &amp; Willink 1973), in the highland grasslands in contact with Araucaria forests, with some collections for the Provincia Pampeana, in southern Brazil, at elevations of 10 to 1400 m. With the available records the species presents an EOO of 78,440.176 Km² and an AOO of 96 km ², and is here considered Endangered (EN), by the AOO, and by its habitat severely fragmented and by the continuing decline observed in its area of occupancy and quality of habitat, criteria B2[ab (i, ii, iii?)] (Andrade et al. 2015, Mapbiomas 2023).</p><p>Representative specimens: — BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul. Capão do Leão, Horto Botânico Irmão Teodoro Luis, 18 November 1987, J. A. Jarenkow 801 (CTES) ; Caxias do Sul, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=51.276546&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.193985" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 51.276546/lat -29.193985)">Forqueta</a>, WGS 84 29°11’38.35”S 51°16’35.57”O, 740 m, 14 October 2018, M. Grings 1929 (ICN). Faxinalzinho, Linha Dias, perto de Goio-en, 11 November 2013, R. A. Záchia 6343 (SMDB) ; São Francisco de Paula, estrada do Cerrito, WGS 84 UTM 22 J 555384 W 6755981 S, 24 November 2019, M. Grings &amp; I. Buffon 2094 (MBM). Santa Catarina. Bom Jardim da Serra, 9 Km E de Bom Jardim da Serra, 25 November 1980, A. Krapovickas &amp; R. Vanni 36928 B (CTES) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/197DB050FFA9FFE53CB9F8CDAEDACFD9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Grings, Martin;Boldrini, Ilsi Iob	Grings, Martin, Boldrini, Ilsi Iob (2025): Synopsis of Monteiroa (Malvaceae, Malvoideae). Phytotaxa 714 (2): 129-156, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.714.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.714.2.3
197DB050FFB4FFE13CB9F9F4AF33CFF5.text	197DB050FFB4FFE13CB9F9F4AF33CFF5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monteiroa reitzii Krapovickas 2003	<div><p>8. Monteiroa reitzii Krapovickas (2003: 58–60) . Holotype: BRAZIL. Santa Catarina. Urubici, Arroyo Cambuí, 4 Km NE de Vacas Gordas, 25 December 1982, A. Krapovickas &amp; A. Schinini 38315 (HBR!; Isotypes CTES!, K!, MBM!, TEX!, SI!). Figures 16 and 22.</p><p>Taxonomic notes: — Monteiroa reitzii is characterized by: erect shrubs up to 3 m high; stems covered with stellate trichomes with branches up to 1–1.5 mm; leaves plain, ovate-elliptic, lanceolate or oblong, not bullate, sometimes with vein in grooves, adaxial surface with sparse simple or bifid trichomes, abaxial surface with sparse stellate trichomes with branches up to 1–1.5 mm; epicalyx bracts lanceolate-ovate 0.6–0.9 × 0.1–0.6 cm; corolla pink to lilac. It should be noted that the taxonomic separation between the species M. reitzii and M. bullata is difficult in some specimens. One of the main features used by Krapovickas (2003) to separate M. bullata from M. reitzii are the bullate leaves. In most specimens of M. reitzii the leaves are not bullate, apart from a few veins in grooves, but without forming blisters. However, in other specimens of M. reitzii, as identified by Krapovickas (2003), we noticed the presence of slightly bullate leaves, which contradicts the separation of species that the author himself proposed in the key. For this reason, we prefer to follow the strictest criteria by keeping specimens with bullate leaves in M. bullata . For some specimens it is also difficult to separate M. reitzii from M. dusenii, as they have many similarities in the morphology of the stipules, epicalyx bracts, calyx and leaf. It should be noted that further studies are needed to unravel the boundaries between these species, perhaps phylogeographical studies.</p><p>Distribution, habitat and conservation status: —This species occurs in Brazil (Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul States) (Figure 17), and grows in wetlands at elevations of 1000 to 1800 m of the Provincia Paranense (Cabrera &amp; Willink 1973), in highland grasslands in ecotone with the Araucaria forest. With the available records the species presents an EOO of 4,577.613 Km² and an AOO of 44 km ². However, conditions B(a), B(b) and B(c) were not met. Therefore, the species is here considered Least Concern (LC). However, the situation of the species must be monitored, because it occurs in a very small area of the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina, Brazil.</p><p>Representative specimens: — BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul. São José dos Ausentes, Pico Montenegro, 28º48’07” S 49º57’01” W, 10 December 2016, E. Valduga 706 (HUCS). Santa Catarina. Bom Retiro, Campo dos Padres, B. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-49.95028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.801943" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -49.95028/lat -28.801943)">Rambo</a> s.n., 23 January 1957 (PACA 60136) ; São Joaquim, 9 Km de São Joaquim, caminho a Bom Jesus, A. Krapovickas &amp; A. Schinini 38321, 26 December 1982 (MBM) ; Urubici, entre Vacas Gordas e Mundo Novo, margem da SC-110 WGS 84 S 28.08388 W 049.63707, 26 December 2019, M. Grings 2120 (ICN) ; Urupema, 27 December 1982 A. Krapovickas &amp; A. Schinini 38374 (CTES, MBM) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/197DB050FFB4FFE13CB9F9F4AF33CFF5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Grings, Martin;Boldrini, Ilsi Iob	Grings, Martin, Boldrini, Ilsi Iob (2025): Synopsis of Monteiroa (Malvaceae, Malvoideae). Phytotaxa 714 (2): 129-156, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.714.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.714.2.3
197DB050FFB0FFED3CB9F9F4AE9ACEF9.text	197DB050FFB0FFED3CB9F9F4AE9ACEF9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monteiroa rubra Grings 2019	<div><p>9. Monteiroa rubra Grings in Systematic Botany 44(4): 851–856, 2019. Holotype: BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.357&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.92" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.357/lat -28.92)">Fontoura Xavier</a>, 696m alt., WGS–84– 28.920S - 52.357W, 19 September 2018, M. Grings 1922 &amp; S. A. L. Bordignon (ICN barcode 00043602!; isotypes: CTES!, K!, NY!, HUCS barcode 006939!, RB!). Figures 18 and 22.</p><p>Taxonomic notes: —The species is characterized by: shrubs up to 1 m high in the field (up to 2.3 m cultivated) with stems densely stellate-strigose; leaf blades lanceolate, lanceolate-ovate, or narrowly elliptic, both surfaces stellate-strigose, the abaxial surface denser; corolla red, 5–10 × 4.5–7 mm, the shorter of the genus; epicalyx bracts linear, 4–8 × 0.3–1 mm, margin toothed an ciliate, with simple or bifid trichomes, 1.5–2 mm long in the teeth; mericarps 2–3 × 1.2–2 mm.</p><p>Distribution, habitat and conservation status: —This species occurs in Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul State) (Figure 19), and grows in wetlands of the Provincia Pampeana (Pampa grasslands) and Provincia Paranense, in the highland grasslands in ecotone with the Araucaria forest. According to Grings et al. (2018) criteria A4c and B2ab (i, ii, iii, iv, v), M. rubra can be considered an Endangered species (EN). In its region of occurrence 74% of grasslands were converted or degraded, mostly by soybean cropland (Andrade et al. 2015). The species presents an extent of occurrence of 117.4 km 2 and an area of occupancy (AOO) of 12,000 km 2, according Grings et al. (2019). Since then, a new place of occurrence has been found, collection of the year 1988. Now, with the available records, the species presents and EOO of 619.8 Km² and an AOO of 12 Km². The species inhabits a severely fragmented habitat, and occurs in just four locations, of which three are historical collections and only one location has a population currently known in the field. So, we considered the species Endangered (EN), IUCN (2017) criteria B2ab (i, ii, iii, iv, v).</p><p>Representative specimens: — BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul. Augusto Pestana, Rosário, 07 February 1956, Pivetta 1131 (HRCB, PACA barcode 061412); Fontoura Xavier, WGS 84 S 28°55’12.5” W 052°21’28.2”, 696 m, 07 November 2018, M. Grings et al. 1951 (ICN barcode 00043599); ibidem, BR 386, WGS –84– 28.926S, - 52.380W, 24 September 2002, A. Knob &amp; S. A. L. Bordignon 7228 (ICN, UNILASSALE); Veranópolis, no vale do rio das Antas, na margem da rodovia, 13 October 1988, J. Mattos 31468 (HAS barcode 0095680) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/197DB050FFB0FFED3CB9F9F4AE9ACEF9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Grings, Martin;Boldrini, Ilsi Iob	Grings, Martin, Boldrini, Ilsi Iob (2025): Synopsis of Monteiroa (Malvaceae, Malvoideae). Phytotaxa 714 (2): 129-156, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.714.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.714.2.3
197DB050FFBEFFEF3CB9F8CCAE6FCAAE.text	197DB050FFBEFFEF3CB9F8CCAE6FCAAE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monteiroa smithii Krapovickas 1962	<div><p>10. Monteiroa smithii Krapovickas (1962: 61-63) . Holotype: BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: Campo Alegre, Pinheiral, lower slopes of Morro Iquererim, 1000-1300 m, 8 November 1956, L. B. Smith &amp; R. M. Klein 7386 (US barcode 00098195! #; Isotypes: R barcode 000200398! #, HBR!). Figures 20 and 22.</p><p>Taxonomic notes: —The species is characterized by: erect shrubs up to 2.7 m high; leaves (1.4-) 3–9 (-14) × (1-) 3–7 (-12) cm, discolorous, pentalobed, dentate-crenate, basally cordate, adaxial surface with sparse stellate trichomes and abaxial surface densely stellate-pubescent; calyx 0.6–1 × 0.2–0.5 cm, epicalyx bracts 0.9–1.2 × 0.4–0.9, lanceolate-ovate; corolla pink; mericarps 0.4–0.5 × 0.4–0.5 cm.</p><p>Distribution, habitat and conservation status: —This species occurs in Brazil (Paraná and Santa Catarina States) (Figure 21), and grows in wetlands and margins (or neighborhoods) of rivers of Provincia Paranense (Cabrera &amp; Willink 1973), in the highland grasslands in ecotone with the Araucaria forest, at elevations of 800 to 1600 m. The species presents an extent of occurrence of 5,305.687 km 2 and an area of occupancy (AOO) of 60 km ², and is here considered Endangered (EN) by the AOO, by the habitat severely fragmented and by the continuing decline estimated and projected in its AOO and extent and quality of habitat, criteria B2ab (ii, iii). This is due to the fact that a large part of their populations are threatened by the increase in urbanization in the metropolitan region of Curitiba-PR and in the region of São Bento do Sul-SC.</p><p>Representative specimens: — BRAZIL. Paraná. Piraquara, Santa Maria, 11 October 1969, G. Hatschbach 22421 (CTES, MBM). São José dos Pinhais, 14 September 1982, G. Hatschbach 46353 (MBM). Santa Catarina. Campo Alegre, próximo às <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.952778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.027222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.952778/lat -26.027222)">Minas de Caulim</a>, WGS 84 UTM 22 J 0677941 7089370, 930 m, 25 October 2018, M. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.952778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.027222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.952778/lat -26.027222)">Grings</a> e <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.952778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.027222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.952778/lat -26.027222)">Paulo Schwirkowski</a> 1939 (ICN). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.952778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.027222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.952778/lat -26.027222)">Garuva</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.952778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.027222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.952778/lat -26.027222)">Campos do Quiriri</a>, 26º01’38” S 48º57’10” W, 862 m, 30 October 2013, E. Barboza et al. 4012 (MBM) ; São Bento do Sul, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.360462&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.23181" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.360462/lat -26.23181)">Parque</a> da SAMAE, WGS 84 26°13’54.51”S 49°21’37.67”O, 827 m, 24 October 2018, M. Grings e Paulo Schwirkowski 1930 (ICN) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/197DB050FFBEFFEF3CB9F8CCAE6FCAAE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Grings, Martin;Boldrini, Ilsi Iob	Grings, Martin, Boldrini, Ilsi Iob (2025): Synopsis of Monteiroa (Malvaceae, Malvoideae). Phytotaxa 714 (2): 129-156, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.714.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.714.2.3
197DB050FFBCFFEF3CB9FD7EAE09CCD2.text	197DB050FFBCFFEF3CB9FD7EAE09CCD2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monteiroa triangularifolia Krapovickas 1951	<div><p>11. Monteiroa triangularifolia Krapovickas in Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 3(4): 240-241, fig. 3, 1951. Holotype: BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul: São Leopoldo, Dois Irmãos, in silva, 20 November 1935, B. Rambo 2154 (LIL 176233!; isotypes LIL!, PACA!). Figure 11 A-H.</p><p>Taxonomic notes:—The habit still unknown, but probably a shrub, M. triangularifolia is characterized by: leaves 2–5 times larger than wider, basally truncate or subcordate, slightly 3–5-lobed, adaxial surface with sparse simple trichomes, rarely bifid or stellate, abaxial surface with sparse stellate trichomes, denser in young leaves; epicalyx bracts lanceolate-ovate, ca. 1 × 0.7 cm.</p><p>Distribution, habitat and conservation status:—So far, the species is known only from the type collection, from the municipality of Dois Irmãos, at the time of collection, belonging to the municipality of São Leopoldo, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Figure 12). In the present study, in a field trip to the region, the species was not found again. In the collection label is registered that it was collected in the forest (“in silva”). The region is included in Provincia Paranense (Cabrera &amp; Willink 1973) at elevations of 100 to 440 m, in the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest. Monteiroa triangularifolia is here considered Critically Endangered (CR) because it is known from only one location, presenting an AOO &lt;10 km ² and a continuing decline is estimated in its AOO, due to the increasing conversion of natural areas to crops and urbanization in their habitat, criteria B2ab (ii).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/197DB050FFBCFFEF3CB9FD7EAE09CCD2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Grings, Martin;Boldrini, Ilsi Iob	Grings, Martin, Boldrini, Ilsi Iob (2025): Synopsis of Monteiroa (Malvaceae, Malvoideae). Phytotaxa 714 (2): 129-156, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.714.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.714.2.3
