taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
4877CE297123599AA6ACF92A0D04175B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1517876	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1267.160494.figure1	Figure 1. Type specimens of Lucanus kanoi and L. k. piceus deposited in NMNS, Tokyo. Photo by H. Akimoto and M. Hoso. Scale bar: 1 cm.	Figure 1. Type specimens of Lucanus kanoi and L. k. piceus deposited in NMNS, Tokyo. Photo by H. Akimoto and M. Hoso. Scale bar: 1 cm.	2026-01-22	Wu, Shu-Ping;Tsai, Yu-Fang;Chien, Ting-Yang;Chung, Yi-Ting;Lai, Ching-Jung;Hou, Tsung-Hsien;Hwang, Chung-Chi		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Shu-Ping;Tsai, Yu-Fang;Chien, Ting-Yang;Chung, Yi-Ting;Lai, Ching-Jung;Hou, Tsung-Hsien;Hwang, Chung-Chi			
4877CE297123599AA6ACF92A0D04175B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1517881	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1267.160494.figure6	Figure 6. Lucanus k. kanoi, variation in gender, size, mandible, and color. A, B, E, F. Maximum form of male; C, D. Female; G – J. Medium form; K, L. Minimum form; M – P. With the femur orange plaque. Scale bar: 1 cm.	Figure 6. Lucanus k. kanoi, variation in gender, size, mandible, and color. A, B, E, F. Maximum form of male; C, D. Female; G – J. Medium form; K, L. Minimum form; M – P. With the femur orange plaque. Scale bar: 1 cm.	2026-01-22	Wu, Shu-Ping;Tsai, Yu-Fang;Chien, Ting-Yang;Chung, Yi-Ting;Lai, Ching-Jung;Hou, Tsung-Hsien;Hwang, Chung-Chi		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Shu-Ping;Tsai, Yu-Fang;Chien, Ting-Yang;Chung, Yi-Ting;Lai, Ching-Jung;Hou, Tsung-Hsien;Hwang, Chung-Chi			
4877CE297123599AA6ACF92A0D04175B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1517877	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1267.160494.figure2	Figure 2. Type localities and sampling sites of L. kanoi species complex in this study. No specimens of L. ogakii from Mt. Chuyunshan were available for this study; the localities on the map are taken from Sakaino and Yu (1993).	Figure 2. Type localities and sampling sites of L. kanoi species complex in this study. No specimens of L. ogakii from Mt. Chuyunshan were available for this study; the localities on the map are taken from Sakaino and Yu (1993).	2026-01-22	Wu, Shu-Ping;Tsai, Yu-Fang;Chien, Ting-Yang;Chung, Yi-Ting;Lai, Ching-Jung;Hou, Tsung-Hsien;Hwang, Chung-Chi		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Shu-Ping;Tsai, Yu-Fang;Chien, Ting-Yang;Chung, Yi-Ting;Lai, Ching-Jung;Hou, Tsung-Hsien;Hwang, Chung-Chi			
4877CE297123599AA6ACF92A0D04175B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1517878	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1267.160494.figure3	Figure 3. Comparative anatomy of the male genitalia of L. k. kanoi and related species. The flagellum is shown above, and the basal piece below. Note that the basal piece of L. k. kanoi is slightly larger than that of L. piceus, with no other obvious morphological differences. Photographs by H. Huang. Scale bar: 1 mm.	Figure 3. Comparative anatomy of the male genitalia of L. k. kanoi and related species. The flagellum is shown above, and the basal piece below. Note that the basal piece of L. k. kanoi is slightly larger than that of L. piceus, with no other obvious morphological differences. Photographs by H. Huang. Scale bar: 1 mm.	2026-01-22	Wu, Shu-Ping;Tsai, Yu-Fang;Chien, Ting-Yang;Chung, Yi-Ting;Lai, Ching-Jung;Hou, Tsung-Hsien;Hwang, Chung-Chi		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Shu-Ping;Tsai, Yu-Fang;Chien, Ting-Yang;Chung, Yi-Ting;Lai, Ching-Jung;Hou, Tsung-Hsien;Hwang, Chung-Chi			
4877CE297123599AA6ACF92A0D04175B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1517880	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1267.160494.figure5	Figure 5. Inferred phylogenetic relationships of the Lucanus kanoi species complex. The phylogenetic tree was reconstructed using the ML method based on a 1,598 bp concatenated dataset, comprising 507 bp of 16 S rRNA, 644 bp of COI, and 447 bp of the nuclear Wnt gene. Sequences retrieved from GenBank are shown with voucher numbers and corresponding accession numbers (in black). Numbers above branches indicate fast-bootstrap support values above 70 %. The substitution models applied were HKY + Γ + I for 16 S and GTR + Γ + I for COI and Wnt. Outgroups include L. swinhoei, L. formosanus, and Neolucanus swinhoei. Abbreviations: L.: Lucanus; N.: Neolucanus; SY: Siangyang; RS: Ruisui; BL: Bilu Sacred Tree; BCT: Beichatianshan; TLS: Tielikushan; TPS: Taipingshan; YYL: Yuanyang Lake; SJ: Siji; SYYK: Sihyuanyakou; LLS: Lalashan; MF: Meifeng; LDS: Lidongshan; SG: Songgang; JD: Jyunda; BDW: Beidawushan.	Figure 5. Inferred phylogenetic relationships of the Lucanus kanoi species complex. The phylogenetic tree was reconstructed using the ML method based on a 1,598 bp concatenated dataset, comprising 507 bp of 16 S rRNA, 644 bp of COI, and 447 bp of the nuclear Wnt gene. Sequences retrieved from GenBank are shown with voucher numbers and corresponding accession numbers (in black). Numbers above branches indicate fast-bootstrap support values above 70 %. The substitution models applied were HKY + Γ + I for 16 S and GTR + Γ + I for COI and Wnt. Outgroups include L. swinhoei, L. formosanus, and Neolucanus swinhoei. Abbreviations: L.: Lucanus; N.: Neolucanus; SY: Siangyang; RS: Ruisui; BL: Bilu Sacred Tree; BCT: Beichatianshan; TLS: Tielikushan; TPS: Taipingshan; YYL: Yuanyang Lake; SJ: Siji; SYYK: Sihyuanyakou; LLS: Lalashan; MF: Meifeng; LDS: Lidongshan; SG: Songgang; JD: Jyunda; BDW: Beidawushan.	2026-01-22	Wu, Shu-Ping;Tsai, Yu-Fang;Chien, Ting-Yang;Chung, Yi-Ting;Lai, Ching-Jung;Hou, Tsung-Hsien;Hwang, Chung-Chi		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Shu-Ping;Tsai, Yu-Fang;Chien, Ting-Yang;Chung, Yi-Ting;Lai, Ching-Jung;Hou, Tsung-Hsien;Hwang, Chung-Chi			
B85B1799021B56BFB08E525FF4EBA7F1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1517883	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1267.160494.figure8	Figure 8. Type specimen of Lucanus kanoi kavulunganus subsp. nov. A, B. Holotype; C, D. Paratype 1 (male with orange plaque of femur); E, F. Paratype 2 (female). All type specimens presented here were from the type locality and deposited in Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute (TARI). Scale bar: 1 cm.	Figure 8. Type specimen of Lucanus kanoi kavulunganus subsp. nov. A, B. Holotype; C, D. Paratype 1 (male with orange plaque of femur); E, F. Paratype 2 (female). All type specimens presented here were from the type locality and deposited in Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute (TARI). Scale bar: 1 cm.	2026-01-22	Wu, Shu-Ping;Tsai, Yu-Fang;Chien, Ting-Yang;Chung, Yi-Ting;Lai, Ching-Jung;Hou, Tsung-Hsien;Hwang, Chung-Chi		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Shu-Ping;Tsai, Yu-Fang;Chien, Ting-Yang;Chung, Yi-Ting;Lai, Ching-Jung;Hou, Tsung-Hsien;Hwang, Chung-Chi			
B85B1799021B56BFB08E525FF4EBA7F1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1517877	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1267.160494.figure2	Figure 2. Type localities and sampling sites of L. kanoi species complex in this study. No specimens of L. ogakii from Mt. Chuyunshan were available for this study; the localities on the map are taken from Sakaino and Yu (1993).	Figure 2. Type localities and sampling sites of L. kanoi species complex in this study. No specimens of L. ogakii from Mt. Chuyunshan were available for this study; the localities on the map are taken from Sakaino and Yu (1993).	2026-01-22	Wu, Shu-Ping;Tsai, Yu-Fang;Chien, Ting-Yang;Chung, Yi-Ting;Lai, Ching-Jung;Hou, Tsung-Hsien;Hwang, Chung-Chi		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Shu-Ping;Tsai, Yu-Fang;Chien, Ting-Yang;Chung, Yi-Ting;Lai, Ching-Jung;Hou, Tsung-Hsien;Hwang, Chung-Chi			
B85B1799021B56BFB08E525FF4EBA7F1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1517884	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1267.160494.figure9	Figure 9. Lucanus kanoi kavulunganus subsp. nov., variation in gender, size, mandible, and color. A, B, E, F. Maximum form of male; C, D. Female; G – J. Medium form; K, L. Minimum form; M – P. With the orange plaque on femur. Scale bar: 1 cm.	Figure 9. Lucanus kanoi kavulunganus subsp. nov., variation in gender, size, mandible, and color. A, B, E, F. Maximum form of male; C, D. Female; G – J. Medium form; K, L. Minimum form; M – P. With the orange plaque on femur. Scale bar: 1 cm.	2026-01-22	Wu, Shu-Ping;Tsai, Yu-Fang;Chien, Ting-Yang;Chung, Yi-Ting;Lai, Ching-Jung;Hou, Tsung-Hsien;Hwang, Chung-Chi		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Shu-Ping;Tsai, Yu-Fang;Chien, Ting-Yang;Chung, Yi-Ting;Lai, Ching-Jung;Hou, Tsung-Hsien;Hwang, Chung-Chi			
B85B1799021B56BFB08E525FF4EBA7F1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1517878	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1267.160494.figure3	Figure 3. Comparative anatomy of the male genitalia of L. k. kanoi and related species. The flagellum is shown above, and the basal piece below. Note that the basal piece of L. k. kanoi is slightly larger than that of L. piceus, with no other obvious morphological differences. Photographs by H. Huang. Scale bar: 1 mm.	Figure 3. Comparative anatomy of the male genitalia of L. k. kanoi and related species. The flagellum is shown above, and the basal piece below. Note that the basal piece of L. k. kanoi is slightly larger than that of L. piceus, with no other obvious morphological differences. Photographs by H. Huang. Scale bar: 1 mm.	2026-01-22	Wu, Shu-Ping;Tsai, Yu-Fang;Chien, Ting-Yang;Chung, Yi-Ting;Lai, Ching-Jung;Hou, Tsung-Hsien;Hwang, Chung-Chi		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Shu-Ping;Tsai, Yu-Fang;Chien, Ting-Yang;Chung, Yi-Ting;Lai, Ching-Jung;Hou, Tsung-Hsien;Hwang, Chung-Chi			
FBF0CC70D01F5F9EBB2585AC11AD0F53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1517885	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1267.160494.figure10	Figure 10. Lucanus ogakii, variation in gender, size, mandible, and color. A, B, E, F. Maximum form of male; C, D. Female; G – J. Medium form; K, L. Minimum form; M – P. With the orange plaque on femur. Scale bar: 1 cm.	Figure 10. Lucanus ogakii, variation in gender, size, mandible, and color. A, B, E, F. Maximum form of male; C, D. Female; G – J. Medium form; K, L. Minimum form; M – P. With the orange plaque on femur. Scale bar: 1 cm.	2026-01-22	Wu, Shu-Ping;Tsai, Yu-Fang;Chien, Ting-Yang;Chung, Yi-Ting;Lai, Ching-Jung;Hou, Tsung-Hsien;Hwang, Chung-Chi		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Shu-Ping;Tsai, Yu-Fang;Chien, Ting-Yang;Chung, Yi-Ting;Lai, Ching-Jung;Hou, Tsung-Hsien;Hwang, Chung-Chi			
FBF0CC70D01F5F9EBB2585AC11AD0F53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1517877	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1267.160494.figure2	Figure 2. Type localities and sampling sites of L. kanoi species complex in this study. No specimens of L. ogakii from Mt. Chuyunshan were available for this study; the localities on the map are taken from Sakaino and Yu (1993).	Figure 2. Type localities and sampling sites of L. kanoi species complex in this study. No specimens of L. ogakii from Mt. Chuyunshan were available for this study; the localities on the map are taken from Sakaino and Yu (1993).	2026-01-22	Wu, Shu-Ping;Tsai, Yu-Fang;Chien, Ting-Yang;Chung, Yi-Ting;Lai, Ching-Jung;Hou, Tsung-Hsien;Hwang, Chung-Chi		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Shu-Ping;Tsai, Yu-Fang;Chien, Ting-Yang;Chung, Yi-Ting;Lai, Ching-Jung;Hou, Tsung-Hsien;Hwang, Chung-Chi			
FBF0CC70D01F5F9EBB2585AC11AD0F53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1517878	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1267.160494.figure3	Figure 3. Comparative anatomy of the male genitalia of L. k. kanoi and related species. The flagellum is shown above, and the basal piece below. Note that the basal piece of L. k. kanoi is slightly larger than that of L. piceus, with no other obvious morphological differences. Photographs by H. Huang. Scale bar: 1 mm.	Figure 3. Comparative anatomy of the male genitalia of L. k. kanoi and related species. The flagellum is shown above, and the basal piece below. Note that the basal piece of L. k. kanoi is slightly larger than that of L. piceus, with no other obvious morphological differences. Photographs by H. Huang. Scale bar: 1 mm.	2026-01-22	Wu, Shu-Ping;Tsai, Yu-Fang;Chien, Ting-Yang;Chung, Yi-Ting;Lai, Ching-Jung;Hou, Tsung-Hsien;Hwang, Chung-Chi		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Shu-Ping;Tsai, Yu-Fang;Chien, Ting-Yang;Chung, Yi-Ting;Lai, Ching-Jung;Hou, Tsung-Hsien;Hwang, Chung-Chi			
4DB75A6A48485D6A8A73755B9370C2EF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1517876	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1267.160494.figure1	Figure 1. Type specimens of Lucanus kanoi and L. k. piceus deposited in NMNS, Tokyo. Photo by H. Akimoto and M. Hoso. Scale bar: 1 cm.	Figure 1. Type specimens of Lucanus kanoi and L. k. piceus deposited in NMNS, Tokyo. Photo by H. Akimoto and M. Hoso. Scale bar: 1 cm.	2026-01-22	Wu, Shu-Ping;Tsai, Yu-Fang;Chien, Ting-Yang;Chung, Yi-Ting;Lai, Ching-Jung;Hou, Tsung-Hsien;Hwang, Chung-Chi		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Shu-Ping;Tsai, Yu-Fang;Chien, Ting-Yang;Chung, Yi-Ting;Lai, Ching-Jung;Hou, Tsung-Hsien;Hwang, Chung-Chi			
4DB75A6A48485D6A8A73755B9370C2EF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1517882	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1267.160494.figure7	Figure 7. Lucanus piceus, variation in gender, size, mandible and color. A, B, E, F. Maximum form of male; C, D. Female; G – J. Medium form; K, L. Minimum form; M – P. With the orange plaque on the femur. Scale bar: 1 cm.	Figure 7. Lucanus piceus, variation in gender, size, mandible and color. A, B, E, F. Maximum form of male; C, D. Female; G – J. Medium form; K, L. Minimum form; M – P. With the orange plaque on the femur. Scale bar: 1 cm.	2026-01-22	Wu, Shu-Ping;Tsai, Yu-Fang;Chien, Ting-Yang;Chung, Yi-Ting;Lai, Ching-Jung;Hou, Tsung-Hsien;Hwang, Chung-Chi		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Shu-Ping;Tsai, Yu-Fang;Chien, Ting-Yang;Chung, Yi-Ting;Lai, Ching-Jung;Hou, Tsung-Hsien;Hwang, Chung-Chi			
4DB75A6A48485D6A8A73755B9370C2EF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1517877	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1267.160494.figure2	Figure 2. Type localities and sampling sites of L. kanoi species complex in this study. No specimens of L. ogakii from Mt. Chuyunshan were available for this study; the localities on the map are taken from Sakaino and Yu (1993).	Figure 2. Type localities and sampling sites of L. kanoi species complex in this study. No specimens of L. ogakii from Mt. Chuyunshan were available for this study; the localities on the map are taken from Sakaino and Yu (1993).	2026-01-22	Wu, Shu-Ping;Tsai, Yu-Fang;Chien, Ting-Yang;Chung, Yi-Ting;Lai, Ching-Jung;Hou, Tsung-Hsien;Hwang, Chung-Chi		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Shu-Ping;Tsai, Yu-Fang;Chien, Ting-Yang;Chung, Yi-Ting;Lai, Ching-Jung;Hou, Tsung-Hsien;Hwang, Chung-Chi			
4DB75A6A48485D6A8A73755B9370C2EF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1517878	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1267.160494.figure3	Figure 3. Comparative anatomy of the male genitalia of L. k. kanoi and related species. The flagellum is shown above, and the basal piece below. Note that the basal piece of L. k. kanoi is slightly larger than that of L. piceus, with no other obvious morphological differences. Photographs by H. Huang. Scale bar: 1 mm.	Figure 3. Comparative anatomy of the male genitalia of L. k. kanoi and related species. The flagellum is shown above, and the basal piece below. Note that the basal piece of L. k. kanoi is slightly larger than that of L. piceus, with no other obvious morphological differences. Photographs by H. Huang. Scale bar: 1 mm.	2026-01-22	Wu, Shu-Ping;Tsai, Yu-Fang;Chien, Ting-Yang;Chung, Yi-Ting;Lai, Ching-Jung;Hou, Tsung-Hsien;Hwang, Chung-Chi		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Shu-Ping;Tsai, Yu-Fang;Chien, Ting-Yang;Chung, Yi-Ting;Lai, Ching-Jung;Hou, Tsung-Hsien;Hwang, Chung-Chi			
