identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
FAC44D37D7455201B47EDC2B72F5CD84.text	FAC44D37D7455201B47EDC2B72F5CD84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myriospora hilitzeri K. Knudsen, Pusova, & Kocourk. 2026	<div><p>Myriospora hilitzeri K. Knudsen, Pušová, &amp; Kocourk. sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 2</p><p>Type.</p><p>Czech Republic • North Moravia: E Sudetes, Jeseníky Mts, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.13622&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.14583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.13622/lat 50.14583)">Studénková hole, Červená hora</a>, W-facing slope above the spring ‘ Vřesová studánka’, alt. 1322 m, 50.14583, 17.13622, overhanging schist rock, 26 April 2019, Z. Palice 27581 (holotype PRA, isotype PRM) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Similar to Myriospora myochroa but differs in having smooth to lumpy areoles vs. distinctly convex areoles, 1–4 apothecia, up to 10 when in process of replicating into several areoles vs. 1–4 (– 14) apothecia in single undivided areole / squamule, having a narrower parathecium indistinct to 15–30 µm wide vs. up to 90 µm wide, and a lower hymenium 150–170 µm high vs. up to 230 µm high, and in not producing norstictic acid.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Named in honor of the Czech lichenologist Alfred C. Hilitzer (1899–1940), who was the collector of this species in 1920 s. He was also a science fiction novelist publishing in 1933, Mitigen, gas against war, in which a scientist creates a gas that makes people not want to go to war.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Thallus of areoles (1.0 –) 1.5–2.0 (– 4.0) mm wide, but mostly 2 mm wide, 0.5–0.6 mm thick, irregular in shape, rarely convex, broadly attached and slightly elevated on mycelial base, usually beginning to replicate by division when ca. 1.0 mm wide, sometimes forming clusters up to 4 mm with up ca. 10 apothecia and in process of dividing into three to five areoles. Upper surface pale brown, smooth to lumpy. Lower surface white to brown. Epicortex indistinct to 10 µm thick, often absent. Cortex 45–70 µm thick, with mostly round cells, 3–5 µm wide. Algal layer usually 100–110 µm thick, partially interrupted by narrow bands 30–40 µm wide, algal cells not dense, 5–7 µm wide. Medulla up to 350 µm thick, sometimes obscure, intricate hyphae, 2–3 µm wide, sometimes disarticulated. Apothecia (0.1 –) 0.2–0.5 mm wide, immersed or slightly elevated, disc reddish brown to almost black. Parathecium indistinct to 15–30 µm wide, merging with the cortex sometimes forming a ring around immersed apothecia, or narrow and having the color of the thallus to almost black around elevated apothecia. Hymenium 130–170 µm, paraphyses 1 µm wide, with apices unexpanded in narrow gelcap up to 2 µm wide, epihymenium 15–30 µm tall, light brown, hymenal gel IKI + red or in squash light blue turning to red (hemiamyloid). Asci 70–80 × 7–13 µm, ascospores 2–3 (– 4) × 1–3 µm, variable from thin to broadly ellipsoid (n = 50).</p><p>Subhymenium 50–60 µm tall, with oil drops, IKI + blue. Hypothecium indistinct, up to 20 µm thick. Pycnidia 40 µm tall × 95 µm wide, conidiogenous cells 10–14 × 2 µm, conidia globose or ellipsoid 2 (– 3) × 1 µm (n = 10). Not producing secondary metabolites.</p><p>Distribution and ecology.</p><p>Czech Republic, Germany, Italy on siliceous rock, sometimes in underhangs, at elevations from 130 to 1420 m in Central Europe and Italy at 1750 m. Claude Roux may have reported Myriospora hilitzeri as M. hassei from France (Roux et coll. 2025). His reports of M. hassei are not based on sequenced material.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>Czech Republic, illegible, A. Hilitzer, 4. Sept. 1921 (PRM 693531); • Šumava: Jezerní stěna, ad rupium latera impendentiva, 6. Aug. 1926, A. Hilitzer, det. A. H. Magnusson as Acarospora lesdainii (PRM 693527 &amp; 693528) ; • Central Bohemia, distr. Příbram, Vltava River valley, Nalžovice, Drbákov – Albertovy skály National Nature Reserve, slopes of Albert’s rocks, 350–450 m, siliceous rock, 18. Apr. 2008, J. Malíček 1303 et al. (hb. Malíček) ; • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=14.36669&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.72172" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 14.36669/lat 49.72172)">Bartůňkova vyhlídka</a>, NW-facing rocky ridge, 49.72172, 14.36669, alt. 340 m, Fe-rich volcanic rock, 12. Nov. 2021, J. Malíček 14788 (hb. Malíček) ; • Northern Bohemia, distr. Liberec, Jizerské hory Mts. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.2181&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.85597" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.2181/lat 50.85597)">(protected landscape area) Polední kameny</a>, alt. 1006 m, N 50.85597, 15.21810, on rock, 16. 9. 2010, F. Bouda (PRM 860080) ; • Jizerské hory Protected Landscape Area, Bílý Potok, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.21776&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.85592" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.21776/lat 50.85592)">Jizerskohorské bučiny National Nature Reserve, Frýdlantské cimbuří rocks</a>, 50.85592, 15.21776, alt. 910 m, granite rock, J. Malíček &amp; J. Steinová, 10. June 2021, Malíček 14928 (hb. Malíček) ; • Krkonoše, Čertova zahrádka, infected, 13. July 1924 A. Hilitzer (PRM 693530) ; • Silesia, distr. Jeseník, Hrubý Jeseník Mts, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.11639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.17083" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.11639/lat 50.17083)">Bělá pod Pradědem, Šerák-Keprník National Nature Reserve, rocks on top of Mt Keprník</a> (1423 m), 50.17083, 17.11639, alt. 1420 m, in underhang of siliceous rock, 26. Apr. 2019, J. Malíček 12893 &amp; dupl., F. Bouda &amp; L. Syrovátková (hb. Malíček) ; • Jeseníky PLA, Bělá pod Pradědem, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.13647&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.14922" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.13647/lat 50.14922)">Kamenné okno geological structure on ridge N of Mt Červená hora</a> (1333 m), 50.14922, 17.13647, alt. 1300 m, siliceous rock, 18. Aug. 2015, J. Malíček 8554, V. Lenzová, J. Starosta &amp; L. Zemanová (hb. Malíček) ; • distr. Bruntál, Hrubý Jeseník Mts., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.23388&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.06855" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.23388/lat 50.06855)">Karlova Studánka, Ovčárna, Petrovy kameny, top of Mt Petrovy kameny</a>, alt. 1440 m, 50.06855, 17.23388, on acidic phylite rock, 20 Aug. 2015, J. Kocourková 11477 (hb. K &amp; K) ; • Germany, Sachsen-Anhalt, Harz, Harz National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=10.64111&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.80694" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 10.64111/lat 51.80694)">Mittlere Zeterklippe (Central Zeter rock)</a>, alt. c. 860 m, 51.80694, 10.64111, exposed rocks, granite, 1 June 2018, U. Schiefelbein 4789, (hb. Schiefelbein) ; • c. 2.5 km NE of Schierke, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=10.69502&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.77929" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 10.69502/lat 51.77929)">unnamed cliff between Leistenklippe and Bärenklippe</a>, alt. c. 870 m, 51.77929, 10.69502, exposed granite rocks, 10 Sept. 2016, U. Schiefelbein 4472, (hb. Schiefelbein) ; • ~ 1.5 km N of Schierke, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=10.66695&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.77321" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 10.66695/lat 51.77321)">Ahrensklimt (top)</a>, alt. c. 800 m, 51.77321, 10.66695, exposed granite rocks, with Endococcus stigma, 1 June 2018, U. Schiefelbein 4478 &amp; 4480 (hb. Schiefelbein) ; • Saalkreis, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=11.86028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 11.86028/lat 51.55)">Friedrichsschwerz</a>, dry grassland E of the village, alt. c. 130 m, 51.55000, 11.86028, boulders in grassland, 7 Nov. 2019, U. Schiefelbein 5712 (hb. Schiefelbein) ; • Italy, Piemonte, Prov. Cuneo: Alpi Marittime, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=7.50417&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.14306" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 7.50417/lat 44.14306)">Rocca dell’Abisso W of Colle di Tenda, just N below the summit</a>, 44.14306, 7.50417, ca. 2750 m, cliffs of gneiss, 22. July 2000, M. Tretiach with J. Hafellner (TSB 34105) ; • Calabria, Prov. Reggio Aspromonte Pietra Impiccata, 1750 m, in niche (overhanging rocks) of schistose rocks, Aug. 1988, P. L. Nimis, Tretiach &amp; Castello (TSB 11545) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The Italian specimens of M. hilitzeri were determined as M. myochroa without norstictic acid (Knudsen et al. 2018). Some Czech specimens were also misdetermined as M. myochroa (Malíček et al. 2026) . Myriospora hilitzeri has usually smooth areoles or squamules with 1–4 immersed apothecia (more when in process of replicating by division), a parathecium indistinct to 15–30 µm wide and does not produce norstictic acid. Myriospora myochroa differs in having convex areoles or squamules with 1–4 (– 14) immersed apothecia, in having a parathecium up to 90 µm wide, and in producing norstictic acid (Westberg et al. 2011). Czech specimens determined as M. myochroa need to be re-examined. The species may not occur in Czech Republic.</p><p>Magnusson determined a collection of Myriospora hilitzeri by Hilitzer as A. smaragdula var. lesdainii . But var. lesdainii is a synonym of A. smaragdula producing norstictic acid (Westberg et al. 2011).</p><p>Specimens of Myriospora hilitzeri from Germany and Czech Republic were also misidentified as Myriospora scabrida at an early stage of development (Knudsen et al. 2021). Myriospora hilitzeri differs from M. scabrida in sometimes having an elevated parathecial margin not wider than ca. 30 µm vs. a parathecial margin expanded up to 120 µm around elevated apothecia (Westberg et al. 2011).</p><p>Some specimens of Myriospora hilitzeri were determined by collectors as M. tangerina mainly based on the apothecia. Myriospora hilitzeri differs from M. tangerina (Westberg et al. 2011) in having a pale brown vs. tangerine orange thallus, in having a narrower parathecium to 30 µm wide vs. a parathecium expanding to 80 µm, in usually having a wider apothecial disc (0.1 –) 0.2–0.5 (– 0.8) mm vs. 0.1–0.2 mm diam, in having a lower hymenium 130–170 µm vs. 180–250 µm (Westberg et al. 2011).</p><p>Myriospora hilitzeri is somewhat similar to M. hassei with a ring around apothecia or slightly elevated apothecia formed from a parathecium indistinct to 30 µm wide (Fig. 3) but they are distinct species based on their sequences and phylogenetic positions (Fig. 1). Myriospora hassei is endemic to coast of California and Oregon and adjacent coastal mountains and is a facultative lichenicolous lichen on the yellow coastal species Acarospora socialis (Knudsen 2007; Knudsen and Bungartz 2014). Determinations of M. hassei from the Holarctic flora of North America as well as high elevations in the interior of United States need to be revised (Consortium of Lichen Herbaria 2025). Though some of these specimens were determined by the first author (K. K.), he considers these specimens as probably misdetermined and representing an undescribed taxon and could even be M. hilitzeri in the Holarctic flora of North America.</p><p>For our phylogeny we sequenced a specimen of Myriospora smaragdula PZ 072391 from Canada collected by Jesuit lichenologist John McCarthy on calcareous rock rich in iron. Myriospora smaragdula, like other Myriospora, has never been reported on calcareous rock (Westberg et al. 2011). Although it is known to often grow on copper-rich rocks, M. smaragdula was never collected on iron-rich substrates (Westberg et al. 2011). The Canadian specimen was recovered in M. smaragdula clade in our phylogeny. Viktória Krajanová, a lichen curator at the Slovakia National Museum, examined the specimen with Raman spectroscopy looking for possible new mineral oxalates, but only found crystals of calcium oxalate monohydrate (the mineral whewellite), which is one of the most common oxalates found in lichens. The crystals were on the underside of squamules where they were in contact with the rock.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FAC44D37D7455201B47EDC2B72F5CD84	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Knudsen, Kerry;Pušová, Tereza;Kocourková, Jana;Kondrysová, Eva	Knudsen, Kerry, Pušová, Tereza, Kocourková, Jana, Kondrysová, Eva (2026): Two new species of Myriospora (Lecanoromycetes, Acarosporomycetidae, Acarosporales, Acarosporaceae) from Europe, one last observed in 1925. MycoKeys 139: 73-87, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.139.200273
36B542D0B4535B08BF493558F56D4A13.text	36B542D0B4535B08BF493558F56D4A13.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myriospora macrophylla (H. Magn.) K. Knudsen, Pusova, & Kocourk. 2026	<div><p>Myriospora macrophylla (H. Magn.) K. Knudsen, Pušová, &amp; Kocourk. comb. et stat. nov.</p><p>Fig. 4</p><p>≡ Acarospora smaragdula f. macrophylla H. Magn., K. svenska Vetensk-Akad. Handl., Ser. III 7 (no. 4): 143 (1929), basionym.</p><p>≡ Acarospora smaragdula subsp. macrophylla (H. Magn.) Clauzade &amp; Cl. Roux, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Marseille 41: 66 (1981).</p><p>Type.</p><p>Czech Republic, Silesia, distr. Jeseník, Hrubý Jeseník Mts, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.11639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.17083" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.11639/lat 50.17083)">Bělá pod Pradědem, Šerák-Keprník National Nature Reserve</a>, rocks on top of Mt Keprník, 50.17083, 17.11639, 1424 m, 5. Aug. 1925, Hilitzer s. n. (UPS, holotype, image viewed online at W 3 NEXDB (access with hyperlink), PRM 693545, isotype!) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Due to the rarity of the species and the possibility it is extinct this description is based on a description by Magnusson (1929), a short discussion by Hilitzer (1927), an examination with dissecting microscope without dissection of a small isotype annotated by Magnusson, TLC of small fragment, and at website of National Herbarium of the Czech Republic W 3 NEXDB the study of two pictures of the holotype at UPS.</p><p>Squamules, 4–10 mm wide, up to 1.35 mm thick, on stout stipe, overshadowing adjacent lichens and destroying them and possibly saprobically absorbing them, upper surface pale to dark brown, very uneven with large swellings or flattened pustules, upper cortex 60–85 µm thick, an interrupted alga layer 200–300 µm thick, and medulla 500–700 µm thick, hyphae continuous with stipe. Apothecia 10–20, immersed, disc. 0.3–0.4 mm across convex, slightly darker than the thallus, ± blackish brown, with distinct parathecium, hymenium 130–170 µm high, thin paraphyses not capitate, asci narrow with the small ascospores, 3–4 × 1.4–1.7 µm, subhymenium very distinct. No pycnidia observed. Not producing secondary metabolites.</p><p>Ecology and distribution.</p><p>Czech Republic Silesia, Jeseníky Mountains, on summit Keprník Mountain, probably in full sun, 1424 m, on gneiss, known only from type collection. “ At the summit of the Keprník, there are only a small number of low gneiss rocks. It was there that I found this species ” (Hilitzer 1927).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species is only known from the holotype in UPS and the isotype in PRM. Magnusson originally annotated Hilitzer’s 1925 collection as Acarospora murina (Sandst.) var. macrophylla in ed. which was also written on the holotype and isotype packets (Hilitzer 1927). By 1929 Magnusson considered A. murina a form of A. smaragdula and published A. smaragdula f. macrophylla . Myriospora macrophylla differs from M. smaragdula not only in morphology with its robust squamules, but it also does not produce norstictic acid.</p><p>Jiří Malíček, F. Bouda and L. Syrovátková visited the summit of Keprník Mountain on April 26, 2019, but found only a specimen of M. hilitzeri in an underhang of rock. Myriospora macrophylla differs from A. hilitzeri in forming large squamules up to 10 mm wide and with up to 20 apothecia and was apparently growing fully exposed to sun and not in an underhang like M. hilitzeri .</p><p>Neither A. Vězda or any other Czech lichenologist from Suza and Servít to contemporary Czech lichenologists have rediscovered Myriospora macrophylla . Hilitzer himself never collected it again. There are no reports from other parts of Europe that we could find. It has conspicuous and large squamules which cannot be easily over-looked by any skilled lichenologist. We consider M. macrophylla to probably be extinct in the Czech Republic.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/36B542D0B4535B08BF493558F56D4A13	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Knudsen, Kerry;Pušová, Tereza;Kocourková, Jana;Kondrysová, Eva	Knudsen, Kerry, Pušová, Tereza, Kocourková, Jana, Kondrysová, Eva (2026): Two new species of Myriospora (Lecanoromycetes, Acarosporomycetidae, Acarosporales, Acarosporaceae) from Europe, one last observed in 1925. MycoKeys 139: 73-87, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.139.200273
