taxonID	type	description	language	source
145FAD1FBD31E745FFDCFB80FAF46CDA.taxon	description	A S. concinno (A. C. Sm.) Craven & Biffin alabastris maturis late turbinatis, 4 – 5 mm longis, 2.4 – 4 mm latis, staminibus numerosioribus (c. 50 – 60) et filamentis 1 – 1.8 mm longis, et stylo 1 – 1.5 mm longo differt. — Typus: Gowers NH 157 (holo K), Vanuatu, 1974. Etymology. This species is named in honour of Mr. Chanel Sam, Cura- tor of the Vanuatu National Herbarium (PVNH) in Port Vila. Mr. Sam has an excellent knowledge of the flora of Vanuatu and has published on economic plants of the Southwest Pacific region (Walter & Sam 2002). Tree up to 30 m tall. Vegetative branchlets terete, up to 5 mm diam; bark dull, smooth, not glandular or verrucose, persistent. Leaf lamina up to 8 by 4.2 cm, elliptic; base symmetric, attenuate; apex acute, acumen recurved; margin flat; coriaceous; drying reddish brown above; primary vein (midrib) 1 mm wide; secondary veins closed, more than 20 each side of primary vein, c. 4 mm apart; intramarginal vein strongly arched, c. 2 mm from the margin at the lamina midpoint; secondary and tertiary intramarginal vein absent; oil dots present, not visible to the unaided eye in transmitted light, small, dense. Petiole c. 15 by 1 mm, adaxially strongly grooved. Inflorescence terminal, cymose panicle, 5.5 – 7.5 by 3 – 6 cm, c. 5 – 7 flowers per anthopodium; hypopodium c. 3 mm long; main inflorescence axis 1 mm wide, terete, dull, smooth; bracts deciduous, less than 0.5 mm long. Hypanthium stipitate, stipe up to 1.5 mm long; narrowly obconic or campanulate, c. 4 by 3 mm, dull, not visibly dotted glands, minutely wrinkled. Sepals fused into a calyptra, falling at anthesis. Petals not seen. Stamens many, more than 50, outermost stamens 1 mm long; filament free, colour not seen; anther sacs circular. Style up to 1.5 mm long. Fruit white when ripe, smooth, spheroidal, up to 2 by 2 cm. Seed with an intrusive tissue interlocking the cotyledons. Distribution & Ecology — Vanuatu (Sanma province: Espiritu Santo; Tafea province: Aneityum, Erromango). The species occurs in kauri forest up to 180 m asl. Vernacular name — Nette (Aneityum). Uses — The species is reported to provide excellent timber. Notes — 1. Flowers have been recorded in June and fruit in November. 2. Within Vanuatu, S. chanelii is readily distinguished by the combination of a calyptrate calyx and a hypanthium c. 4 mm long. In fruit it is unique among the Vanuatu species for which fruit are known in that the seed possesses an intrusive tissue that interlocks the cotyledons. 3. Differs from S. concinno (A. C. Sm.) Craven & Biffin in the following features: mature flower buds broadly turbinate and 4 – 5 by 2.4 – 4 mm, more numerous stamens (c. 50 – 60), filaments 1 – 1.8 mm long and style 1 – 1.5 mm long.	en	Tuiwawa, S. H., Craven, L. A., Sam, C., Crisp, M. D. (2013): The genus Syzygium (Myrtaceae) in Vanuatu. Blumea 58 (1): 53-67, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X672271, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x672271
145FAD1FBD31E747FD16FDB5FD206F80.taxon	distribution	Distribution & Ecology — Vanuatu (Malampa province: Malakula, Paama; Penama province: Pentecost; Sanma province: Espiritu Santo; Shefa province: Efate; Tafea province: Aneityum, Aniwa, Tanna. Torba province: Hiu). Syzygium clusiifolium also occurs in Polynesia in Samoa, Uvea, Tonga and Futuna (Whistler 1988). In Vanuatu, the species occurs predominantly on the coast and in lowland rainforest below 300 m asl. Vernacular names — Neepau (Aneityum); naavakhsisiel (Malakula). Uses — The timber is hard and is used for firewood; roof framing on houses and canoe masts. The fruit is edible. There is an association between this tree and the cultivation of yams (Dioscorea sp.) but it is unclear at which growth or develop- mental phase S. clusiifolium becomes a useful indicator for favorable seasons to cultivate. Notes — 1. Flowers have been recorded between September and December, and fruit in February. 2. Syzygium clusiifolium is absent in Fiji, Papuasia and New Caledonia but occurs quite widely in Polynesia where it is also a cultivated plant (Whistler 1988). Its occurrence in Vanuatu may result from an early introduction by man, especially as the fruit is edible and the plant is associated with the cultivation of taro. 3. The species is distinctive in leaf size and shape but it could be mistaken for S. malaccense. These two species can be distinguished by the type of venation, petiole length and inflorescence size. In S. clusiifolium, the secondary veins are closed, the petiole c. 15 mm long and the inflorescence c. 26 by 25 cm. In S. malaccense, the secondary veins are open, the petiole is 6 – 9 mm long and the inflorescence c. 6 by 3 cm. 3. Whistler (1988) cited the US specimen, U. S. Expl. Exped. s. n. (Tutuila and Savaii, on rocks near the sea, 1839), as holotype of Eugenia clusiaefolia. However, Gray (Gray & Wilkes 1854) did not designate a holotype specimen and the US material is more appropriately regarded as the lectotype of the name. 4. When describing S. neepau, Guillaumin (1931) cited only one collection, Wilson 973, but did not designate a particular specimen as holotype. In accordance with Recommendation 9 A. 4 of the ICBN (McNeill et al. 2012), the specimen deposited in Guillaumin’s home institution, P, is considered the holotype.	en	Tuiwawa, S. H., Craven, L. A., Sam, C., Crisp, M. D. (2013): The genus Syzygium (Myrtaceae) in Vanuatu. Blumea 58 (1): 53-67, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X672271, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x672271
145FAD1FBD33E747FFDCFD55FC1D6C42.taxon	distribution	Distribution & Ecology — Vanuatu (Malampa province: Malakula; Sanma province: Espiritu Santo; Shefa province: Efate). Syzygium cumini is widely distributed in the Indomalesian region and is commonly cultivated in tropical regions. Its natural range may be India and Sri Lanka (Smith 1985). The species is naturalised in several countries, e. g., Fiji and New Caledonia, and potentially be adventive in Vanuatu. Vernacular names — Scamon tree (SE coast of Malakula); esamilo (Espiritu Santo). Uses — The fruits are edible but are usually used for mak- ing preserves. It is also a useful timber for construction (Smith 1985). Notes — 1. Flowers have been recorded from December to January but fruit is reported to be borne throughout the year which suggests that flowering may be throughout the year also. 2. Syzygium cumini has fairly elegant and distinctive vegetative features as evidenced by the slender, elliptic leaves and straight petiole. On vegetative and inflorescence features, S. cumini is similar to S. kajewskii. Nevertheless, these two species are distinct in leaf texture, petiole straightness and in the density and number of flowers per peduncle. In S. cumini, the leaves are coriaceous, the petiole is straight and the inflorescences are closely clustered with 6 – 9 flowers per anthopodium. In S. kajewskii, the leaves are chartaceous, the petiole is distally somewhat curved, and the flowers are fewer with 3 per anthopodium.	en	Tuiwawa, S. H., Craven, L. A., Sam, C., Crisp, M. D. (2013): The genus Syzygium (Myrtaceae) in Vanuatu. Blumea 58 (1): 53-67, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X672271, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x672271
145FAD1FBD33E747FD16FE08FA6A6B89.taxon	description	A S. richii (A. Gray) Merr. & L. M. Perry ramulis teretis, lamina foliorum late ovata, majore (c. 28 × 17 cm), basi truncata, petiolis longioribus (c. 3.5 cm longis), et sepalis majoribus (c. 12 × 13 mm) differ. — Typus: Green RSNH­ 1088 (holo K; iso P), Vanuatu, Efate, near Rentepao, E 168 ° 27 ', 14 July 1971. Tree up to 20 m tall. Vegetative branchlets terete, 6 mm diam; bark dull, cracked, not glandular or verrucose, flaking. Leaf lamina c. 28 by 17 cm, broadly ovate; base symmetric, truncate; apex acute, acumen flat; margin flat; chartaceous; drying reddish brown above; primary vein (midrib) stout, 2 mm wide; secondary veins open, 8 each side of primary vein, c. 45 mm apart; intramarginal vein absent; secondary and tertiary intramarginal vein absent; oil dots present, not visible to the unaided eye in transmitted light, small, sparse. Petiole up to 35 by 4 mm, adaxially strongly grooved. Inflorescence below the leaves, simple dichasia, c. 4 by 6 cm, up to 3 flowers per anthopodium; hypopodium up to 8 mm long; main inflorescence axis 3 mm wide, terete, dull, smooth to slight striate; bracts caducous, c. 2 mm long. Hypanthium white, stipitate, stipe 1 mm long; campanulate, c. 25 by 23 mm, dull, not visibly gland dotted, smooth. Sepals 4, c. 12 by 13 mm, semicircular, persistent, free. Petals c. 4, deciduous, coherent, circular, c. 12 by 13 mm, visibly gland dotted; margin entire. Stamens many, more than 50, outermost stamens c. 20 mm long; filament free, colour not seen; anther sacs oblong. Style c. 30 mm long. Fruit not seen. Distribution & Ecology — Vanuatu (Malampa province: Malakula; Sanma province: Espiritu Santo; Shefa province: Efate). This species is endemic to Vanuatu where it occurs in coastal forest. Vernacular names — Unknown. Uses — Unknown. Notes — 1. Flowers have been recorded in March and fruit in July. 2. Syzygium flabellum could be misidentified as S. richii because of the similarities in vegetative features and hypanthium; for a comparison between the two species see under the latter species. 3. The epithet flabellum is a noun in apposition and comes from the Latin flabellum, fan. The fan-shaped, often large leaves are a distinctive feature of this species. 4. Differs from S. richii in the following features: branchlets terete; leaf blade broadly ovate, larger (c. 28 by 17 cm), base truncate, longer than the petiole; sepals larger (c. 12 by 13 mm).	en	Tuiwawa, S. H., Craven, L. A., Sam, C., Crisp, M. D. (2013): The genus Syzygium (Myrtaceae) in Vanuatu. Blumea 58 (1): 53-67, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X672271, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x672271
145FAD1FBD33E746FD16F941FEC669B8.taxon	distribution	Distribution & Ecology — Vanuatu (Sanma province: Espiritu Santo). Syzygium gracilipes occurs in Fiji and Vanuatu. In Vanuatu the species is known only from Espiritu Santo where it has been collected from cloud montane forest on Mt Tabewemasama between c. 900 and 1800 m asl. Vernacular names — Putu-havia (Espiritu Santo). Uses — Unknown. Notes — 1. Early development of inflorescences occurs in March but the time of flowering is unknown. Insufficient data is available, but one collection in early fruit was made between the months of September to November. 2. The vegetative features of S. gracilipes are very similar to those of S. samarangense. However, an inflorescence character clearly distinguishes these two species. Syzygium gracilipes has a distinctively long hypopodium of c. 9 cm whereas S. samarangense, it is up to 1 cm long. 3. Smith (1985) cited the US specimen of the collection U. S. Expl. Exped. s. n. (Fiji) as holotype of S. gracilipes. However, Gray (Gray & Wilkes 1854) did not designate a holotype specimen and the US material is more appropriately regarded as the lectotype of the name.	en	Tuiwawa, S. H., Craven, L. A., Sam, C., Crisp, M. D. (2013): The genus Syzygium (Myrtaceae) in Vanuatu. Blumea 58 (1): 53-67, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X672271, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x672271
145FAD1FBD32E746FFDCFB10FBA06EB2.taxon	description	Syzygium insulare T. G. Hartley & L. M. Perry (1973) 183. — Typus: Floyd NGF 3546 (holo A n. v.; iso CANB), Papua New Guinea, New Britain, West Nakanai, Galilo village, near Cape Hoskins, 3 Aug. 1954. Tree or shrub up to 3 m tall. Vegetative branchlets terete to terminally compressed, c. 3 mm diam; bark dull, smooth, not glandular or verrucose, persistent. Leaf lamina c. 26 by 10 cm, broadly ovate; base symmetric, cuneate or retuse; apex acuminate, acumen flat; margin undulate; chartaceous; drying greenish above; primary vein (midrib) c. 1 mm wide; secondary veins open, c. 13 each side of primary vein, c. 24 mm apart; intramarginal vein strongly arched, 2 – 9 mm from the margin at the lamina midpoint; secondary intramarginal vein weakly arched; tertiary intramarginal vein absent; oil dots present, not visible to the unaided eye in transmitted light, small, moderately dense. Petiole c. 10 by 2 mm, adaxially strongly grooved. Inflorescence terminal, simple dichasia, c. 5 by 4 cm, 3 flowers per anthopodium; hypopodium 8 – 10 mm long; main inflorescence axis absent; bracts persisting, c. 1 mm long. Hypanthium stipitate, stipe 1 – 1.4 cm long; campanulate; c. 4 by 3 cm, dull, not visibly gland dotted, ribbed to generally smooth. Sepals 4, c. 5 by 13 mm, subcircular, persistent, free. Petals c. 4, present at anthesis, coherent, semicircular, c. 10 by 20 mm, white; not visibly gland dotted, margin entire. Stamens many, more than 50, outermost stamens c. 25 mm long; filament free, white; anther sacs narrowly oblong. Style c. 25 mm long. Fruit whitish green becoming red when ripe, smooth, plane, fusiform or napiform, up to 16 by 7.5 cm. Distribution & Ecology — Vanuatu (Malampa province: Malakula; Penama province: Pentecost; Shefa province: Efate; Torba province: Banks Islands-Vanua Lava; Torres Islands, Tegua). In Vanuatu, S. insulare is restricted to the northern islands where it occurs frequently along the coastal zone, although it may occur inland up to 140 m asl. Syzygium insulare also occurs in Papua New Guinea and on the Solomon Islands. Vernacular name — Nepkrera (Malakula). Uses — The species is not used by local people. Notes — 1. It has been recorded to flower between August and September and fruit between October and March. 2. Syzygium insulare occurs in the Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. This distribution pattern, i. e. Papuasia-Vanuatu, occurs in several other Vanuatu species. 3. Past collections of this species in Vanuatu (with no specific locality) were mistakenly identified as S. nutans (K. Schum.) Merr. & L. M. Perry. In S. insulare the inflorescence axis is erect whereas in S. nutans, it is pendulous. The anthers of S. insulare are c. 1 mm long thus they are conspicuously large and distinctive relative to the other Syzygium species in Vanuatu. Its inflorescence is very short and unbranched, and at most the flowers are in clusters of three. 4. The vegetative features of S. insulare can be confused with S. richii, however, they are quite distinct in vegetative branchlets, hypanthium and fruit size. In S. insulare, the vegetative branchlets are terete, the hypanthium is up to 4 by 3 cm and the fruit is up to 16 by 7.5 cm. For S. richii, the vegetative branchlets are winged, the hypanthium is up to 2 by 2.5 cm and the fruit up to 3 by 2.1 cm.	en	Tuiwawa, S. H., Craven, L. A., Sam, C., Crisp, M. D. (2013): The genus Syzygium (Myrtaceae) in Vanuatu. Blumea 58 (1): 53-67, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X672271, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x672271
145FAD1FBD32E746FD16FC10FCD36509.taxon	distribution	Distribution & Ecology — Vanuatu (Shefa province: Efate). Syzygium jambos has naturalised in Vanuatu and is also a widely cultivated species in the world. Vernacular name — Unknown. Uses — Unknown. Note — The vegetative features of S. jambos can be mistaken for S. gracilipes. In S. jambos, the leaves are smaller, c. 14 by 3 cm, the secondary veins are 8 mm apart and there are 14 of them on each side of the primary vein. For S. gracilipes, the leaves are longer, c. 18 by 6 cm, the secondary veins are 1.8 cm apart and there are 13 of them on each side of the primary vein.	en	Tuiwawa, S. H., Craven, L. A., Sam, C., Crisp, M. D. (2013): The genus Syzygium (Myrtaceae) in Vanuatu. Blumea 58 (1): 53-67, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X672271, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x672271
145FAD1FBD3DE749FFDCFFDDFE486A00.taxon	distribution	Distribution & Ecology — Vanuatu (Malampa province: Malakula; Penama province: Pentecost; Sanma province: Espiritu Santo; Shefa Province: Efate, Nguna; Tafea province: Aneityum, Erromango). Syzygium kajewskii is endemic to the Vanuatu archipelago where it occurs quite frequently in the southern islands. The species occurs as a canopy tree in dense forest on slopes and plateaus up to 970 m asl. Vernacular names — Nomo thee (Aneityum), neyalam (Erromango). Uses — Commercial timber, firewood and house posts. Notes — 1. Syzygium kajewskii is often misidentified as S. aneityense, however, these species are distinct in petiole length, hypanthium and sepal size. In S. aneityense the petiole is 5 – 8 mm long, the hypanthium is obconic or broadly clavate and up to 10 by 5 mm; the sepals are small to almost inconspicuous 0.2 – 0.4 mm long. For S. kajewskii, the petiole is c. 27 mm long; the hypanthium is obconic or campanulate and c. 10 by 8 mm and the sepals are relatively conspicuous c. 1 by 2 mm. In S. kajewskii, the hypanthium size varies along an altitudinal gradient. In cloud montane forest at c. 900 m asl it is c. 5 by 3 mm but below this forest system the hypanthium is c. 10 by 8 mm. 2. When describing S. kajewskii, Guillaumin (1931) cited only one collection, Wilson 970, but did not designate a particular specimen as holotype. In accordance with Recommendation 9 A. 4 of the ICBN (McNeill et al. 2012), the specimen deposited in Guillaumin’s home institution, P, is considered to be the type and is designated lectotype above.	en	Tuiwawa, S. H., Craven, L. A., Sam, C., Crisp, M. D. (2013): The genus Syzygium (Myrtaceae) in Vanuatu. Blumea 58 (1): 53-67, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X672271, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x672271
145FAD1FBD3DE749FFDCF8D5FAE66B66.taxon	description	Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L. M. Perry (1938 b) 215. — Eugenia malaccensis L. (1753) 470. — Myrtus malaccensis (L.) Spreng. (1825) 484. — Jambosa malaccensis (L.) DC. (1828) 286. — Type: not designated. Jarvis (2007) lists two plates that are available for lectotypification purposes: Herb. Hermann 5: 241, No. 187 [icon] (BM), and Rheede, Hort. Malab. 1: 29, t. 18. 1678. Tree up to 25 m tall. Vegetative branchlets terete or slightly quadrangular without wings, c. 6 mm diam; bark dull, cracked to slightly ribbed, not glandular or verrucose, persistent. Leaf lamina 10.5 – 25 by 6.3 – 7.9 cm, lanceolate or obovate or elliptic; base symmetric, cuneate; apex acute or acuminate, acumen flat; margin slight undulate; chartaceous, drying reddish brown above; primary vein (midrib) c. 1 mm wide; secondary veins open, 8 – 13 each side of primary vein, 11 – 18 mm apart; intramarginal vein strongly arched, 1 – 6 mm from the margin at the lamina midpoint; secondary intramarginal vein weakly arched; tertiary intramarginal vein absent; oil dots present, visible to the unaided eye in transmitted light, small, dense. Petiole 6 – 9 by 2 mm, adaxially strongly grooved. Inflorescence ramiflorous, sometimes cauliflorous, cymose, c. 6 by 3 cm, 5 – 7 flowers per anthopodium; hypopodium 10 – 20 mm long; main inflorescence axis c. 2 mm wide, terete, dull, smooth to longitudinally cracked; ebracteate. Hypanthium pink, stipitate, stipe c. 8 mm long; clavate to campanulate; c. 3 by 1 cm, dull, not visibly gland dotted, minutely wrinkled. Sepals 4, c. 4 by 6 mm, semicircular, persistent, free. Petals 4, deciduous, not coherent, rhombic, c. 10 by 10 mm, visibly gland dotted; margin entire. Stamens many, more than 50, outermost stamens up to 2.3 cm long; filament free, pink; anther sacs parallel, narrowly oblong or elliptic. Style up to 2.5 cm long. Fruit green becoming pink or red in ripening, smooth, plane, oblong, c. 2 by 1.5 cm. Distribution & Ecology — Vanuatu (Malampa province: Ambrym. Penama province: Pentecost; Sanma province: Espiritu Santo; Shefa province: Efate, Epi; Tafea province: Aneityum, Erromango, Tanna; Torba province: Torres Islands, Banks Islands-Vanua lava). Syzygium malaccense is widespread in the Southeast Asian-Malesian-Southwest Pacific region where it is frequently cultivated. Syzygium malaccense is common throughout the Vanuatu archipelago occurring from sea level to elevations of c. 500 m asl. Vernacular names — Ahi-ngakapika (Ambrym); waveh (Erromango); Inyhueg (Aneityum). Uses — The fruits are edible; the durable hardwood is used for building posts and rafters. Notes — 1. Records have indicated flowering to occur throughout the year and fruiting between May and November. 2. Syzygium malaccense may represent an early introduction by man to Vanuatu and other Southwest Pacific islands. The species is commonly cultivated because of its edible fruits. It is treated here as being indigenous in Vanuatu. 3. With its mass flowering, the dark pink almost red inflorescence of S. malaccense stands out quite conspicuously when observed in the field. 4. Type for S. malaccense has not been designated so both plates listed by Jarvis (2007) were opted instead, for lectotypification purposes, with no formal designation.	en	Tuiwawa, S. H., Craven, L. A., Sam, C., Crisp, M. D. (2013): The genus Syzygium (Myrtaceae) in Vanuatu. Blumea 58 (1): 53-67, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X672271, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x672271
145FAD1FBD3DE748FD16F921FD206E9B.taxon	distribution	Distribution & Ecology — (Vanuatu Penama province: Pentecost; Sanma Province: Espiritu Santo; Tafea province: Aneityum, Erromango). Syzygium myriadenum occurs in the Solomon Islands and in Vanuatu where it is quite common in the southern islands rainforest up to 900 m asl. Vernacular names — Incaemu (Aneityum); Nettor (Erromango). Uses — Unknown. Note — Syzygium myriadenum can be confused with S. nomoa because of the close similarities in leaf shape and secondary venation pattern. However, these two species are distinct in leaf size and apex and in hypanthium shape and size. Syzygium myriadenum has leaves up to 23.5 by 7.2 cm with the apex acute, and the hypanthium narrowly oblong and c. 17 by 5 mm. For S. nomoa the leaves are up to 15.6 by 5.8 cm with the leaf apex round, and the hypanthium is obconic and c. 8 by 4 mm.	en	Tuiwawa, S. H., Craven, L. A., Sam, C., Crisp, M. D. (2013): The genus Syzygium (Myrtaceae) in Vanuatu. Blumea 58 (1): 53-67, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X672271, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x672271
145FAD1FBD3CE748FFDCFC69FA666FE3.taxon	distribution	Distribution & Ecology — Vanuatu (Sanma province: Espiritu Santo; Tafea province: Aneityum). Syzygium nidie occurs in Fiji and in Vanuatu. In Vanuatu it grows in mid-lowland to montane rainforests up to 900 m asl. Vernacular names — Nidie or inmejai (Aneityum). Uses — Hardwood for building; commercial timber. Notes — 1. Syzygium nidie has a similar inflorescence branching pattern to S. myriadenum and S. nomoa, but these species are distinct in the following vegetative features: S. nidie, leaf apex with a conspicuous drip tip, leaf up to 6.5 by 3.1 cm; S. myriadenum, leaf apex acute, leaf up to 23.5 by 7.2 cm; S. nomoa, leaf apex is round, leaf c. 15.6 by 5.8 cm. 2. The vegetative features of S. nidie can be confused with S. subcorymbosum, however, the two species are distinct in leaf apex, secondary veins, secondary intramarginal vein and fruit size. In S. nidie the apex forms a distinctive drip tip, the secondary veins are open, the secondary intramarginal vein is weakly arched and fruit is c. 13 by 6 mm. For S. subcorymbosum, the leaf apex is acute, the secondary veins are closed, a secondary intramarginal vein is absent and the fruit is 30 – 46 by 18 – 24 mm. 3. When describing S. nidie, Guillaumin (1931) cited only one collection, Wilson 984, but did not designate a particular specimen as holotype. Smith (1985) cited the specimen in A as holotype but there is no evidence that Guillaumin saw the specimen, which has been annotated as an isotype in the hand of L. M. Perry (Emily Wood, pers. comm.). In accordance with Recommendation 9 A. 4 of the ICBN (McNeill et al. 2006), the specimen deposited in Guillaumin’s home institution, P, is considered to be the type and is designated lectotype above.	en	Tuiwawa, S. H., Craven, L. A., Sam, C., Crisp, M. D. (2013): The genus Syzygium (Myrtaceae) in Vanuatu. Blumea 58 (1): 53-67, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X672271, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x672271
145FAD1FBD3CE74BFD16FCADFD206C1A.taxon	distribution	Distribution & Ecology — Vanuatu (Sanma province: Espiritu Santo; Shefa province: Efate; Tafea province: Aneityum, Erromango, Tanna; Torba Province: Banks islands-Vanua Lava). Syzygium nomoa is endemic to Vanuatu where it is quite common in kauri forest and primary rainforest up to 800 m asl. Vernacular names — Incaemohos or incaemu (Aneityum). Uses — A useful timber for building canoes, and for house posts. Notes — 1. Flowers have been recorded from March to June and fruits from November to March. 2. Syzygium nomoa can be misidentified as S. myriadenum because of the similarities in vegetative features. However, these two species are distinct in leaf size and apex, hypanthium shape and size. In S. nomoa, the leaf lamina is up to 15.6 by 5.8 cm, the leaf apex is round and the hypanthium is obconic, and c. 8 by 4 mm. For S. myriadenum, the leaves are up to 23.5 by 7.2 cm, the leaf apex is acute and the hypanthium is narrowly oblong and c. 17 by 5 mm. 3. Syzygium nomoa has a similar inflorescence branching pattern to S. myriadenum and S. nidie. However, these species are distinct in leaf apex and size. In S. nomoa the leaf apex is round and the leaves are up to 15.6 by 5.8 cm whereas in the latter two species the leaf is acute and up to 23.5 by 7.2 cm and conspicuously acuminate and up to 6.5 by 3.1 cm, respectively.	en	Tuiwawa, S. H., Craven, L. A., Sam, C., Crisp, M. D. (2013): The genus Syzygium (Myrtaceae) in Vanuatu. Blumea 58 (1): 53-67, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X672271, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x672271
145FAD1FBD3FE74BFFDCFEF0FEAE6B1C.taxon	distribution	Distribution & Ecology — Vanuatu (Sanma province: Espiritu Santo; Shefa province: Efate). Syzygium onesimum occurs in Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. In Vanuatu, the species has been collected in montane rainforest at c. 900 m asl. Vernacular names — Unknown. Uses — Unknown. Notes — 1. The flowering period is unknown but its fruits have been recorded in November. 2. In Vanuatu, S. onesimum has been incorrectly referred to as S. buettnerianum Nied. 3. Syzygium subcorymbosum could be misidentified as S. onesimum, however, these two species may be distinguished by fruit size and colour. In S. onesimum the fruit is ellipsoid or spherical or obconioid, c. 18 by 14 mm and purple. For S. subcorymbosum it is barrel-shaped to depressed spheroidal, 30 – 46 by 18 – 24 mm and yellow.	en	Tuiwawa, S. H., Craven, L. A., Sam, C., Crisp, M. D. (2013): The genus Syzygium (Myrtaceae) in Vanuatu. Blumea 58 (1): 53-67, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X672271, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x672271
145FAD1FBD3FE74BFFDCF9F2FC096803.taxon	distribution	Distribution & Ecology — Vanuatu (Malampa province: Paama; Penama province: Pentecost; Shefa province: Efate; Tafea province: Aneityum, Aniwa, Erromango, Tanna). Syzygium richii occurs in Fiji and Vanuatu and in the latter it frequently occurs in the shoreline / coastal strand vegetation and has also been collected in lowland secondary forest up to 100 – 300 m asl. Vernacular names — Gavigaganatanata (Banks Islands); kavika andemat is interpreted as ‘ kavika of the devil’ (Paama island) because of the inedible and sour taste of the fruit. Uses — Hardwood that is used as ground posts; the fruit is inedible. Notes — 1. Flowers and fruits have been recorded throughout the year. 2. Syzygium richii is largely a coastal species that occupies similar habitats in Fiji and Vanuatu. 3. Syzygium richii has been mistakenly identified as S. flabellum because of the similarities in leaf and hypanthium size and shape. These species are different in that S. richii has winged vegetative branchlets, the leaf base is cordate, the petiole c. 12 mm long and the hypanthium white, obconical and up to 2.8 by 2 cm. For S. flabellum the vegetative branchlets are terete, the leaf base truncate, the petiole up to 3.5 cm long and the hypanthium yellow, campanulate and up to 2.5 by 2.3 cm. For a comparison with S. samarangense, see under that species. 4. Smith (1985) cited the US specimen of the collection U. S. Expl. Exped. s. n. (Fiji, 1840) as holotype of E. richii. However, Gray (Gray & Wilkes 1854) did not designate a holotype specimen and the US material is more appropriately regarded as the lectotype of the name.	en	Tuiwawa, S. H., Craven, L. A., Sam, C., Crisp, M. D. (2013): The genus Syzygium (Myrtaceae) in Vanuatu. Blumea 58 (1): 53-67, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X672271, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x672271
145FAD1FBD3FE74AFD16FACCFE036FC0.taxon	distribution	Distribution & Ecology — Vanuatu (Malampa province: Paama; Shefa province: Efate; Tafea province: Aneityum). Syzygium samarangense is a widely cultivated species and its natural range has not been established unequivocally (Smith 1985). In Vanuatu, the species appears quite common along the coastal zone (pers. observ.) and appears to be restricted to the northern islands of the archipelago. Vernacular names — Nakavika (Efate), indahu (Aneityum). Uses — Edible fruit. Notes — 1. Flowers have been recorded between July and August, and fruit in July. 2. Syzygium samarangense could be misidentified as S. richii and the two may be distinguished as follows: S. samarangense: leaf up to 15 by 7.7 cm, vegetative branchlet terete or quadrangular but not winged, hypanthium c. 12 by 8 mm; S. richii: leaf up to 23.5 by 13.2 cm, vegetative branchlet quadrangular with wings, hypanthium c. 28 by 20 mm.	en	Tuiwawa, S. H., Craven, L. A., Sam, C., Crisp, M. D. (2013): The genus Syzygium (Myrtaceae) in Vanuatu. Blumea 58 (1): 53-67, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X672271, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x672271
145FAD1FBD3EE74AFFDCFC8EFD20650A.taxon	distribution	Distribution & Ecology — Vanuatu (Tafea province: Aneityum). Syzygium seemanni occurs in Fiji and Vanuatu; in Vanuatu it is a rainforest species that occurs up to 700 m asl on the southern-most islands, Aneityum. Vernacular names — Inmejai (Aneityum). Uses — Unknown. Notes — 1. Flower and fruit have been recorded in June. 2. Syzygium seemannii is a very distinct species in Vanuatu due to the calyptrate calyx and the narrowly oblong hypanthium. In vegetative features, this species is similar to S. aneityense, except that the leaf lamina of the latter species is not decurrent. 3. Smith (1985) cited the GH specimen of the collection U. S. Expl. Exped. s. n. (Fiji, 1860) as holotype of A. seemannii. However, Gray (1862) did not designate a type specimen and the GH material is more appropriately regarded as the lectotype.	en	Tuiwawa, S. H., Craven, L. A., Sam, C., Crisp, M. D. (2013): The genus Syzygium (Myrtaceae) in Vanuatu. Blumea 58 (1): 53-67, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X672271, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x672271
145FAD1FBD3EE74AFD16FFDDFBBD6894.taxon	description	Syzygium subcorymbosum Merr. & L. M. Perry (1942 a) 297. — Typus: Brass 5573 (holo A photo seen), Papua New Guinea, Central Province, Kubuna, 100 m, Nov. 1933. Tree up to 15 – 20 m tall. Vegetative branchlets terete, c. 4 – 6 mm diam; bark dull, longitudinally cracked, not glandular-verrucose, persistent. Leaf lamina up to 8.6 by 3.7 cm, elliptic; base symmetric, attenuate, slightly decurrent to the petiole acuminate; apex acuminate, acumen recurved; margin slightly undulate; coriaceous; drying reddish brown above; primary vein (midrib) less than 1 mm wide; secondary veins closed, more than 20 each side of primary vein, c. 3 mm apart; intramarginal vein strongly arched, c. 2 cm from the margin at the lamina midpoint; secondary intramarginal vein weakly arched; tertiary intramarginal vein absent; oil dots present, not visible to the unaided eye in transmitted light, small, moderately dense. Petiole c. 10 mm long; adaxially slightly grooved. Inflorescence terminal, cymose panicle, c. 10 by 11 cm, cluster of 3; hypopodium absent; main inflorescence axis c. 3 mm wide, terete to quadrangular, rounded, dull, smooth; bracts deciduous, not seen. Hypanthium not stipitate, clavate, c. 8 by 4 mm, glossy, not visibly gland dotted, smooth. Sepals 4, subcircular, up to 0.5 by 3 mm, persistent, free. Petals not seen. Stamens numerous; filaments free, white; anther sacs elliptic, up to 4 by 2 µm. Style c. 5 mm long. Fruit yellow, smooth to ribbed, plane, barrel-shaped to depressed spheroidal, 30 – 46 by 18 – 24 mm. Distribution & Ecology — Vanuatu (Malampa province: Paama; Penama province: Pentecost; Shefa province: Efate). Syzygium subcorymbosum occurs in Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. It is a common rainforest tree that occurs from sea level up to 400 m asl. Vernacular names — Nguna-ha (Efate); Aiwun (Paama); Haa (Pentecost). Uses — General timber, firewood, ground posts. Notes — 1. Flowers have been recorded throughout the year and fruit in June and July. 2. In Vanuatu, S. subcorybosum is sometimes misidentified as S. buettnerianum Nied. 3. Syzygium subcorymbosum could be misidentified as S. onesimum, however, these two species are differentiated in fruit size and colour. In S. onesimum the fruit is ellipsoid or spheroidal or obconoidal, up to 1.8 by 1.4 cm and purple. For S. subcorymbosum it is barrel-shaped to depressed spheroidal, 3 – 4.6 by 1.8 – 2.4 cm and yellow.	en	Tuiwawa, S. H., Craven, L. A., Sam, C., Crisp, M. D. (2013): The genus Syzygium (Myrtaceae) in Vanuatu. Blumea 58 (1): 53-67, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X672271, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x672271
145FAD1FBD3EE74CFD16FA7FFD456EF6.taxon	description	Syzygium tierneyanum (F. Muell.) T. G. Hartley & L. M. Perry (1973) 200. — Eugenia tierneyana F. Muell. (1865) 14. — Typus (fide Hyland 1983): Dallachy s. n. (lecto MEL n. v.), Australia, Queensland, Dalrymple Creek. Tree up to 25 m tall. Vegetative branchlets terete, c. 4 mm diam; bark dull, smooth to slightly striate, not glandular-verrucose, persistent. Leaf lamina up to 15 by 6.6 cm, circular or elliptic; base symmetric, mostly cuneate sometimes attenuate; apex cuspidate or acute or acuminate, acumen recurved; margin flat or undulate; chartaceous; drying greenish above; primary vein (midrib) c. 1 mm wide; secondary veins open, 7 – 11 each side of primary vein, 18 – 28 mm apart; intramarginal vein absent; secondary and tertiary intramarginal vein absent; oil dots present, not visible to the unaided eye in transmitted light, small, dense. Petiole 6 – 15 mm long; adaxial strongly grooved. Inflorescence terminal-axillary or lateral, cymose panicle, up to 6.5 by 3.5 cm, 5 – 7 flowers per anthopodium; hypopodium c. 7 mm long; main inflorescence axis c. 2 mm wide, terete, dull, smooth; bracts deciduous, less than 0.5 mm long. Hypanthium stipitate, stipe c. 5 mm long; campanulate; 11 – 14 by 10 – 13 mm, dull, not visibly gland dotted; glandular-verrucose. Sepals 4, c. 2 by 3 – 8 mm, semicircular, persistent, free. Petals 4 – 5, white, persistent, coherent, subcircular, c. 5 by 10 mm, not visibly gland dotted; margin entire. Stamens many, more than 50, outermost stamens up to 1.5 cm long; filament not seen; anther sacs narrowly oblong. Style up to 1.7 cm long. Fruit black to deep red when ripe, smooth, plane, campanuloid, 2.5 – 3 by 2 – 2.5 cm. Distribution & Ecology — Vanuatu (Sanma province: Espiritu Santo, Malakula; Tafea province: Aneityum, Erromango, Tanna; Torba province: Hiu, Tegua). Syzygium tierneyanum occurs in Indonesia (Papua Province), Papua New Guinea, Australia, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. In Vanuatu it is a rainforest species that occurs up to 1200 m asl. Vernacular names — Indahau (Aneityum), nahromyein or nemonu (Erromango); Malahavia (E. Santo). Uses — Good firewood. This species is often logged commercially but is not used for ground posts because it quickly rots in the ground. Notes — 1. Flowers have been recorded from September to December and fruit from May to December. 2. In Vanuatu, S. tierneyanum displays considerable variability in leaf lamina shape, that is absent any of the non-Vanuatu collections. 3. The inflorescence of S. tierneyanum can be confused with those of S. malaccense. However, in S. tierneyanum the inflorescence occurs among or below the leaves and has bracts that are deciduous, whereas for S. malaccense the inflorescence occurs only below the leaves and the bracts are caducous.	en	Tuiwawa, S. H., Craven, L. A., Sam, C., Crisp, M. D. (2013): The genus Syzygium (Myrtaceae) in Vanuatu. Blumea 58 (1): 53-67, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X672271, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x672271
145FAD1FBD38E74CFFDCFC54FC6D6E75.taxon	description	A S. aneityensi Guillaumin venis secundariis c. 18 mm distantibus, vena intramarginali 4 mm a margine, sepalis majoribus (in fructu 2 × 5 – 8 mm) differt. — Typus: Wilson 952 (holo A; iso K, P), Vanuatu, Aneityum, Anelgauhat Bay, c. 150 – 460 m asl, Sept. 1929. Tree up to 25 m tall. Vegetative branchlets terete, c. 4 mm diam; bark dull, smooth, not glandular or verrucose, persistent. Leaf lamina up to 11 by 5.5 cm, circular or elliptic; base symmetric, attenuate or cuneate; apex cuspidate, acumen recurved; margin flat, entire; chartaceous; drying reddish brown above; primary vein (midrib) weak, c. 1 mm thick; secondary veins open, c. 7 each side of primary vein, up to 1.8 cm apart; intramarginal vein strongly arched, c. 4 mm from the margin at the lamina midpoint; secondary intramarginal vein weakly arched, tertiary intramarginal vein absent; oil dots present, not visible to the unaided eye in transmitted light, small, dense. Petiole 6 – 15 mm, adaxially strongly grooved. Inflorescence not seen. Hypanthium not seen. Sepals 4, up to 2 by 5 – 8 mm, semicircular, persistent, free. Petals not seen. Stamens not seen. Style not seen. Fruit red when ripe, smooth, plane, ellipsoid, up to 2.5 by 2 cm. Distribution & Ecology — Vanuatu (Tafea province: Aneityum, Erromango). Syzygium vanuatuense is endemic to Vanuatu where it is a rainforest canopy tree occurring up to 400 m asl. Vernacular names — Morekolon or neyalam (Erromango). Uses — Unknown. Notes — 1. Flowers have been recorded in March and fruit in June. 2. In the notes on the label of Wilson 952 the flowers are said to be yellow but no flowers are present on any of the specimens examined. 3. The specific epithet is derived from the country name, Vanuatu. 4. Differs from S. aneityense in the following features: secondary veins c. 18 mm apart, intramarginal vein 4 mm from the margin, sepals larger (in fruit 2 by 5 – 8 mm). Acknowledgements The culmination of several institutions and people whose contribution to this project are especially acknowledged: the Fiji Government via the Fijian Affairs Board (FAB) is accredited for financially supporting the graduate study; the ANU Travel Grant Award for co-funding the field expedition to Vanuatu; and the Research School of Biology (ANU) Molecular lab for the laboratory expenditures. The directors and / or curators of the following herbaria are thanked for the opportunity to study collections in their care: A, BISH, BRI, CANB, GH, K, NOU, NZFRI, P, SUVA. The staff and researchers at CSIRO Plant Industry and the Research School of Botany (ANU) are also thanked for the collegial support. The outline maps are based on the map in Higuchi (1996) and have been adapted by VRU CSIRO Plant Industry. We also thank the staff at the Forestry Departments and other departments of Vanuatu for the technical support: Presley Dovo on Efate, Dick Tomers, the Director of Agriculture, Bani William of GTZ on Espiritu Santo; and the Forestry officers on the islands of Espiritu Santo, Efate and Aneityum. In Fiji: Senivalati Vido at the Fiji Forestry Department in Suva and the parataxono- mists Mosese and Mitieli of Nakavu, Namosi Province. A special ‘ thank you tumas’ to all the chiefs, families, local guides and the unmentioned support group of people who have attributed to the success of the collection and trip: Chief Lolos and the villagers of Butmas village of Espiritu Santo, Chief Selta of Lasenui village and villagers of Waiaru village of Malakula, Chief Sam Tao of Lonamilo village, Chief David of Ihili village and Lalep of Aneityum. Last but not the least a very big ‘ vinaka vakalevu’ to: the Sam family on Walla village, Malakula Island; the Tafua family on Tanna Island; Aga McCartney and the Baereleo family - Rolenas, Kingsley and Dietry for the hospitality and support in the field on Efate and especially on Tanna Island.	en	Tuiwawa, S. H., Craven, L. A., Sam, C., Crisp, M. D. (2013): The genus Syzygium (Myrtaceae) in Vanuatu. Blumea 58 (1): 53-67, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X672271, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x672271
