identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
BD2BFCA5A45D5702BB41006FFA58146D.text	BD2BFCA5A45D5702BB41006FFA58146D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caipira baiana Huber 2026	<div><p>3.2. 4. Caipira baiana Huber sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 3 c – d, 15–18</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype: BRAZIL - Bahia • ♂; W of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-42.0682&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.0343" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -42.0682/lat -11.0343)">Queimada Nova</a>; 11.0343°S, 42.0682°W; 580 m a. s. l.; 25 Nov. 2022; B. A. Huber &amp; A. S. Michelotto leg.; CHNUFPI 9076 . — Paratypes: BRAZIL - Bahia • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 9077 • 1 ♂ (together with one female abdomen, dissected and epigynum cleared, transferred from ZFMK Br 22-229; voucher for G 58); same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 9078 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24706] . — Other material examined: BRAZIL - Bahia • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀ (one female prosoma used for molecular work; abdomen transferred to ZFMK Ar 24706), in pure ethanol; same collection data as holotype; CHNUFPI 9079 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22-229; voucher for UH 501] .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Easily distinguished from C. mineira Huber sp. nov. by much slenderer male palpal femur with ventral apophysis (compare Figs 5 and 15) and by larger distances between male cheliceral apophyses and between female epigynal pockets (compare Figs 7 and 17). From all other known Pholcidae by shape of procursus (Fig. 16 a – c; slender, distally with heavily sclerotized element with pointed tip); also by strong apophysis prolateral-ventrally on male palpal femur (arrow in Fig. 15 a), by shape of genital bulb (Fig. 16 d – f; prolateral-dorsal protruding flap; dorsal ridges), by armature of male chelicerae (Fig. 17 a – c; pair of lateral sclerotized humps and pair of distal lateral pointed apophyses directed towards median), by pair of rounded processes on male clypeus (Fig. 17 a), and by female epigynum and internal genitalia (Figs 17 d, e, 18; main anterior plate with pair of pockets and additional pair of frontal lateral sclerotized areas; internal genitalia with arched element and pair of small elongated pore plates).</p><p>Description.</p><p>MALE (holotype). Measurements: Total length 1.30, carapace width 0.58. Distance PME – PME 40 µm; diameter PME 60 µm; distance PME – ALE 15 µm; AME absent (no lenses, only black mark). Leg 1: 3.22 (0.88 + 0.20 + 0.88 + 0.88 + 0.38), tibia 2: 0.84, tibia 3: 0.64, tibia 4: 0.84; tibia 1 L / d: 13. — Color (in ethanol): Prosoma and legs mostly whitish to pale ochre-yellow, carapace with pair of ochre marks beside ocular area, clypeus also slightly darkened; sternum monochromous whitish; legs with darker rings on femora (subdistally) and tibiae (proximally and subdistally); abdomen ochre gray, with distinct white marks except on ventral side. — Body: Habitus as in Fig. 3 c. Ocular area barely raised. Thoracic groove shallow. Clypeus with pair of short rounded processes near margin and many strong hairs directed upwards (Fig. 17 a). Sternum wider than long (0.38 / 0.34), unmodified. Abdomen globular. — Chelicerae: As in Fig. 17 a – c, with pair of distal lateral pointed apophyses directed towards median, and pair of proximal lateral sclerotized humps; without stridulatory ridges. — Palps: As in Fig. 15; coxa with low ventral hump; trochanter unmodified; femur relatively small (smaller than tibia), with strong prolateral-ventral sclerotized apophysis (arrow in Fig. 15 a), distally strongly widened; femur-patella condyles not shifted to one side; tibia with two trichobothria; tibia-tarsus condyles strongly shifted toward retrolateral side; tarsus with prolateral-ventral process at basis of procursus; procursus (Fig. 16 a – c) proximally simple, distally with heavily sclerotized element with pointed tip; genital bulb (Fig. 16 d – f) slightly elongated and medially constricted, with distinctive prolateral-dorsal protruding flap and dorsal ridges, sperm duct opening not seen (presumably on distal membranous part). — Legs: Without spines, without curved hairs. With sexually dimorphic short ‘ vertical’ hairs on tibia 1 only (confirmed in compound microscope; not visible in dissecting microscope). Ventrally on metatarsi 3 and 4 with slender hairs (confirmed in compound microscope; not visible in dissecting microscope). Retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 61 %; prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1. No tarsal pseudosegmentation visible (also in compound microscope). Main tarsal claws and median tarsal claw as typical for family.</p><p>Variation.</p><p>MALE. Tibia 1 in three other males: 0.82, 0.82, 0.84.</p><p>Description.</p><p>FEMALE. In general, very similar to male (size, body shape, color pattern; Fig. 3 d), but clypeus unmodified and legs without sexually dimorphic short ‘ vertical’ hairs. One female with tiny AME lenses (diameter ~ 5 µm). Palpal tibia with two trichobothria. Tibia 1 in three females: 0.70, 0.72, 0.82. Epigynum (Fig. 18 a, b) anterior plate wide and short, with pair of pockets and additional pair of frontal lateral sclerotized areas; posterior epigynal plate very short, indistinct. Internal genitalia (Figs 17 e, 18 c, d) with strong arched element (visible in uncleared specimens) and pair of small, elongated pore plates.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species name is an adjective, describing someone originating from Bahia state, Brazil.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Known from type locality only, in Bahia state, Brazil (Fig. 4).</p><p>Natural history.</p><p>The type-locality is in the Irecê district of the Caatinga domain (sensu Moro et al. 2024). All specimens were found in an old collapsed low stone fence in thorny woodland (Fig. 19 b). They shared this microhabitat with three further species of Pholcidae: Ibotyporanga diroa Huber &amp; Brescovit, 2003; an undescribed species of Mesabolivar González-Sponga, 1998; and an undescribed species tentatively assigned to Tupigea Huber, 2000 . One egg sac contained eleven eggs; egg diameter 0.38–0.39.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD2BFCA5A45D5702BB41006FFA58146D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Meng, Guanliang;Carvalho, Leonardo S.;Podsiadlowski, Lars;Huber, Bernhard A.	Meng, Guanliang, Carvalho, Leonardo S., Podsiadlowski, Lars, Huber, Bernhard A. (2026): Low coverage whole genome sequencing reveals a new subfamily of daddy long-legs spiders from Brazilian Caatinga (Araneae: Pholcidae). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 84: 95-121, DOI: 10.3897/asp.84.e174748
314ECED4A18F552B8881739753D7C75F.text	314ECED4A18F552B8881739753D7C75F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caipira Huber 2026	<div><p>3.2. 2. Genus Caipira Huber gen. nov.</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Caipira mineira Huber sp. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Small Pholcidae (body size &lt;1.5 mm) with relatively short legs (tibia 1 L / d: 13–15) and globular abdomen (Fig. 3). Distinguished from representatives of superficially similar South American genera in Modisiminae, Ninetinae, and Physocyclinae subfam nov. (e. g., Arenita Huber &amp; Carvalho, 2019; Aucana Huber, 2000; Blancoa Huber, 2000; Canaima Huber, 2000; Kairona Huber &amp; Carvalho, 2019; Kambiwa Huber, 2000; Nerudia Huber, 2000; Tupigea Huber, 2000) by combination of: (1) carapace with pair of dark marks (Fig. 3); superficially similar Ninetinae lack such paired marks; (2) strong prolateral-ventral process on male palpal tarsus, at basis of procursus (arrows in Figs 6 b, 16 b); (3) prominent transversal ridge on male genital bulb, on prolateral-dorsal side (arrows in Figs 6 d, e, 16 d, e); (4) pair of pointed male cheliceral apophyses (Figs 7 a, b, 17 b, c) and corresponding pair of female epigynal pockets (Figs 7 c, 17 d); (5) absence of pseudosegmentation (Fig. 13 e); (6) very low ratio of tibia 1 / tibia 2 (~ 1.05–1.15); higher in most other pholcids except some Ninetinae (Fig. 20). For further discussion of individual diagnostic traits, see Discussion.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Total body length ~ 1.1–1.4; carapace width 0.50–0.60. AME either present ( C. mineira) or strongly reduced to absent ( C. baiana). Legs relatively short: male tibia 1 length 0.8–1.1; female tibia 1 length: 0.7–1.0; male tibia 1 L / d: 13–15. Color (in ethanol) mostly whitish to pale ochre-yellow, with pair of darker ochre marks on carapace; sternum monochromous whitish; legs either without darker rings ( C. mineira) or with rings on femora and tibiae ( C. baiana); abdomen either monochromous ( C. mineira) or with distinct white marks ( C. baiana). Ocular area barely raised. Thoracic groove shallow (Fig. 9 a, b). Male clypeus either unmodified ( C. mineira) or with pair of short rounded processes near margin and many strong hairs directed upwards ( C. baiana; Fig. 17 a). Sternum wider than long, unmodified. Abdomen globular. ALS either with eight spigots each ( C. mineira; Fig. 10 b – e) or with only two spigots each ( C. baiana; not studied with SEM; based on cleared female abdomen observed in compound microscope). Gonopore in C. mineira with four epiandrous spigots arranged in two pairs (arrows in Fig. 9 f); not studied in C. baiana . Male chelicerae with pair of distal pointed apophyses directed towards median, and pair of proximal lateral sclerotized humps (Figs 7 a, b, 17 b, c); without stridulatory ridges (Fig. 9 d). Male palps either with strongly widened femur ( C. mineira; Fig. 5) or with much smaller femur with distinct prolateral-ventral sclerotized apophysis ( C. baiana; arrow in Fig. 15 a); condyles of tibia-tarsus joints either shifted towards prolateral ( C. mineira) or towards retrolateral ( C. baiana); tarsus with prolateral-ventral process at basis of procursus (arrows in Figs 6 b, 16 b); procursus distally with heavily sclerotized element with pointed tips (Figs 6 a – c, 16 a – c); genital bulb slightly elongated and medially constricted, with prolateral-dorsal protruding flap or ridge (arrows in Figs 6 d, e, 16 d, e), sperm duct opening distally on bulb (arrows in Fig. 11 a, c). Legs without spines, without curved hairs. With sexually dimorphic short ‘ vertical’ hairs on male tibia 1 only (Fig. 13 a). Ventrally on metatarsi 3 and 4 with slender hairs (Fig. 12 a – d) as described recently in Ninetinae and ‘ other Arteminae ’ (now Physocyclinae subfam. nov.) (Huber et al. 2023 a, Huber et al. 2024 b). Retrolateral trichobothria on leg tibiae in very distal position (male tibia 1: at ~ 50–60 % of tibia length); prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1, present on tibiae 2–4. No tarsal pseudosegmentation visible (also in SEM and in compound microscope). Tarsus 4 distally with two comb-hairs on prolateral side (arrows in Fig. 13 f; studied in C. mineira only). Main and median tarsal claws as typical for family.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The genus name is derived from the traditional rural culture of Brazil; gender feminine.</p><p>Relationships.</p><p>See results of molecular analysis above.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Known from limestone outcrop terrains in the Irecê and Peruaçu biogeographic districts (sensu Moro et al. 2024) of the Caatinga domain, in the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais and Bahia (Fig. 4).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/314ECED4A18F552B8881739753D7C75F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Meng, Guanliang;Carvalho, Leonardo S.;Podsiadlowski, Lars;Huber, Bernhard A.	Meng, Guanliang, Carvalho, Leonardo S., Podsiadlowski, Lars, Huber, Bernhard A. (2026): Low coverage whole genome sequencing reveals a new subfamily of daddy long-legs spiders from Brazilian Caatinga (Araneae: Pholcidae). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 84: 95-121, DOI: 10.3897/asp.84.e174748
1A4554885D765451AE8B227FF261DBE8.text	1A4554885D765451AE8B227FF261DBE8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caipira mineira Huber 2026	<div><p>3.2. 3. Caipira mineira Huber sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 3 a, b, 5–14</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype: BRAZIL - Minas Gerais • ♂; Parque Nacional Cavernas do Peruaçu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-44.24&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.125" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -44.24/lat -15.125)">Gruta do Janelão</a>, ~ 100–300 m from cave entrance; ~ 15.125°S, 44.240°W (coordinates: cave entrance); ~ 600 m a. s. l.; 14 Nov. 2022; B. A. Huber, L. S. Carvalho &amp; R. A. Torres leg.; CHNUFPI 9069 . — Paratypes: BRAZIL - Minas Gerais • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 9070 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; UFMG 33242 • 4 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, and one female abdomen (cleared and transferred from ZFMK Br 22-166); same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 9071 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24704] • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 9072 • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 3 juvs.; same locality as for holotype, “ PNCP 15 ”; 29 Feb. 2020; A. J. Santos et al. leg.; CHNUFPI 4193 . — Other material examined. BRAZIL - Minas Gerais • 1 ♂, 5 ♀♀, in pure ethanol; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 9073 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22-166] (vouchers for UH 485, G 48; 1 ♂ and 1 ♀ used for SEM; one female abdomen cleared and transferred to ZFMK Ar 24704) • 1 ♂, in pure ethanol; same locality as holotype, “ PNCP 16 ”; 1 Mar. 2020; A. J. Santos et al. leg.; CHNUFPI 3505 (voucher for E 073) • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Parque Nacional Cavernas do Peruaçu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-44.2349&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.1433" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -44.2349/lat -15.1433)">Lapa do Rezar</a> (karst cave, at cave entrance); 15.1433°S, 44.2349°W; 610 m a. s. l.; 14 Nov. 2022; B. A. Huber, L. S. Carvalho &amp; R. A. Torres leg.; CHNUFPI 9074 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24705] • 3 juvs, in pure ethanol; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 9075 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22-169] (voucher for UH 057) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Easily distinguished from C. baiana Huber sp. nov. by much wider male palpal femur without ventral apophysis (compare Figs 5 and 15) and by smaller distances between male cheliceral apophyses and between female epigynal pockets (compare Figs 7 and 17). From all other known Pholcidae by shape of procursus (Figs 6 a – c, 11; slender, proximally with ventral notch and ventral process, distally with dorsal rounded sclerite and ventral membranous hooked element); also by shape of genital bulb (Figs 6 d – f, 11 a – e; dorsal protruding flap; distal pointed sclerite), by armature of male chelicerae (Figs 7 a, b, 9 c, d; pair of lateral sclerotized humps and pair of frontal pointed apophyses directed towards median), and by female epigynum and internal genitalia (Figs 7 c, d, 8; anterior plate with pair of pockets close together; posterior plate anteriorly with pair of dark marks; internal genitalia with complex and large median rounded sclerotized structure); from most Pholcidae also by combination of large male palpal femur (Fig. 5; much larger than tibia) and small size (body length ~ 1.2 mm; prosoma width ~ 0.5 mm).</p><p>Description.</p><p>MALE (holotype). Measurements: Total length 1.20, carapace width 0.50. Distance PME – PME 30 µm; diameter PME 45 µm; distance PME – ALE 10 µm; diameter AME 20 µm; distance AME – AME 10 µm. Leg 1: 3.23 (0.93 + 0.17 + 0.90 + 0.83 + 0.40), tibia 2: 0.80, tibia 3: 0.70, tibia 4: 0.98; tibia 1 L / d: 15. — Color (in ethanol): Carapace whitish with pair of lateral submarginal ochre bands, clypeus ochre; sternum white; legs pale ochre-yellow, without dark rings; abdomen monochromous ochre gray. — Body: Habitus as in Fig. 3 a. Ocular area barely raised. Thoracic groove shallow (Fig. 9 a). Clypeus unmodified. Sternum wider than long (0.40 / 0.30), unmodified. Abdomen globular. ALS with one strongly widened spigot, one long pointed spigot, and apparently six cylindrical spigots (Fig. 10 b). PMS with two slender spigots (cf. Fig. 10 f). Gonopore with four epiandrous spigots arranged in two pairs (Fig. 9 f). — Chelicerae: As in Fig. 7 a, b, with pair of frontal pointed apophyses directed towards median, without modified hairs (Fig. 9 c, d), and pair of lateral sclerotized humps with series of frontal ridges (Fig. 9 d), without lateral stridulatory ridges. — Palps: As in Figs 5 and 11; coxa unmodified; trochanter with short ventral apophysis (~ 25 µm long); femur large and strongly widened, dorsally bulging, without stridulatory pick; femur-patella condyles shifted toward prolateral side; tibia with two trichobothria in very proximal position; tibia-tarsus condyles slightly shifted toward prolateral side; tarsus with strong prolateral-ventral process and deep notch ventrally at basis of procursus (Fig. 6 b); tarsal organ exposed (Fig. 14 a), diameter ~ 10 µm; procursus (Fig. 6 a – c) slender, proximally with ventral process, distally with dorsal rounded sclerite and ventral membranous hooked element (Fig. 11 f); genital bulb (Fig. 6 d – f) slightly elongated, with distinctive dorsal protruding flap and distal pointed sclerite, sperm duct opening distally on bulb (arrows in Fig. 11 a, c). — Legs: Without spines, without curved hairs. Tibiae, metatarsi, and tarsi with round cuticular ‘ plates’ (Figs 12 a, 13 c) at regular intervals, diameter ~ 4–5 µm. Without rimmed pores. With sexually dimorphic short ‘ vertical’ hairs (Fig. 13 a) on tibia 1 only, diameter proximally 1.4 µm, length ~ 15–20 µm; putative chemoreceptors on all legs, especially distally, i. e. on metatarsi and tarsi, similar to sexually dimorphic short ‘ vertical’ hairs but with several side branches (Fig. 13 b) and slightly thicker (diameter proximally 1.6 µm). Ventrally on metatarsi 3 and 4 with slender hairs (Fig. 12 a – d); diameters proximally 1.6 µm, versus 2.8 µm in neighboring mechanoreceptors; shape of hair basis similar to neighboring mechanoreceptors (Fig. 12 c), but shaft similar to trichobothria (cf. Fig. 12 e – f); metatarsus 3 with only three such hairs, metatarsus 4 with ~ 14; distally very thin and long, with distinctively widened tips (Fig. 12 d; ~ 1.4 µm diameter, versus 0.6 µm subdistally). Bases of trichobothria capsulate, unmodified (Fig. 12 e, f); trichobothria feathered (Fig. 12 e, f); retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 48 %; prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1. No tarsal pseudosegmentation visible in SEM (Fig. 13 e) and in compound microscope. Leg tarsal organs exposed (Fig. 14 f), diameters ~ 3–6 µm. Main and median tarsal claws as typical for family; main claws with 9–10 tines (Fig. 13 d – f). Tarsus 4 distally with two comb-hairs on prolateral side (Fig. 13 f).</p><p>Variation.</p><p>MALE. Tibia 1 in 13 males (incl. holotype): 0.90–1.07 (mean 0.97).</p><p>Description.</p><p>FEMALE. In general very similar to male, including size and carapace pattern (Fig. 3 b). Chelicerae also without stridulatory ridges (Fig. 9 e). Tibia 1 in 14 females: 0.83–0.93 (mean 0.89). With short chemoreceptive hairs like in male but without sexually dimorphic short ‘ vertical’ hairs. Spinnerets as in male (Fig. 10 c – f). Palpal tibia with only one trichobothrium (Fig. 12 e). Epigynum (Fig. 8 a, b) anterior plate light brown, strongly indented posteriorly, with pair of pockets close together near posterior margin (Fig. 7 c); posterior epigynal plate large but simple, with pair of darker marks anteriorly (muscle attachment sites?). Internal genitalia partly visible in uncleared specimens; with sclerotized roundish median structure from which pair of lateral sclerites originate; pore plates poorly visible, apparently at median origin of lateral sclerites (Fig. 7 d); with large anterior membranous arc.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species name is an adjective, describing someone originating from Minas Gerais state, Brazil.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Known from two caves (~ 2 km from each other) in Parque Nacional Cavernas do Peruaçu, Minas Gerais state, Brazil (Fig. 4).</p><p>Natural history.</p><p>Both sites are karstic caves, located in the Peruaçu district of the Caatinga domain (sensu Moro et al. 2024). At the type locality, Gruta do Janelão (Fig. 19 a), all specimens were found in the aphotic zone, ~ 100–300 m from the cave entrance. Measurements of temperature and humidity at approximately the same section of the cave: 24 ° C, 91 % (A. J. Santos, 1 Mar. 2020). Searches carried out in Feb. 2020 and in Nov. 2022 explored about 700 of the 4,800 m extension of the cave, but no specimens were found in the twilight section and deeper in the cave. At the second locality, Lapa do Rezar, the specimens were found at the cave entrance. At both localities, the spiders were found under stones or among small limestone pebbles on the floor. Two egg sacs contained six and seven eggs, respectively, with an egg diameter of 0.40.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1A4554885D765451AE8B227FF261DBE8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Meng, Guanliang;Carvalho, Leonardo S.;Podsiadlowski, Lars;Huber, Bernhard A.	Meng, Guanliang, Carvalho, Leonardo S., Podsiadlowski, Lars, Huber, Bernhard A. (2026): Low coverage whole genome sequencing reveals a new subfamily of daddy long-legs spiders from Brazilian Caatinga (Araneae: Pholcidae). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 84: 95-121, DOI: 10.3897/asp.84.e174748
E2C4717BF85C501793DF27CBACCE3B1B.text	E2C4717BF85C501793DF27CBACCE3B1B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caipirinae Meng & Carvalho & Podsiadlowski & Huber 2026	<div><p>3.2. 1. Subfamily Caipirinae subfam. nov.</p><p>In Family Pholcidae C. L. Koch, 1850</p><p>Type genus.</p><p>Caipira Huber gen. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis and Description.</p><p>See single known genus below.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Our genomic data resolve Caipira gen. nov. as sister to a large clade composed of four subfamilies (Fig. 1); the new genus can thus not be assigned to an existing subfamily. Morphologically, Caipirinae subfam. nov. cannot easily be distinguished from related subfamilies. The two known Caipira species remind of certain Ninetinae, Modisiminae, and Physocyclinae subfam. nov. (see genus diagnosis below) but the sister group of Caipirinae does not seem to be characterized by any morphological synapomorphy.</p><p>Composition.</p><p>Monogeneric.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E2C4717BF85C501793DF27CBACCE3B1B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Meng, Guanliang;Carvalho, Leonardo S.;Podsiadlowski, Lars;Huber, Bernhard A.	Meng, Guanliang, Carvalho, Leonardo S., Podsiadlowski, Lars, Huber, Bernhard A. (2026): Low coverage whole genome sequencing reveals a new subfamily of daddy long-legs spiders from Brazilian Caatinga (Araneae: Pholcidae). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 84: 95-121, DOI: 10.3897/asp.84.e174748
A74D78878FEF5D6F99C2A3E68DAC4697.text	A74D78878FEF5D6F99C2A3E68DAC4697.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physocyclinae Meng & Carvalho & Podsiadlowski & Huber 2026	<div><p>3.2. 5. Subfamily Physocyclinae subfam. nov.</p><p>In Family Pholcidae C. L. Koch, 1850</p><p>Type genus.</p><p>Physocyclus Simon, 1893</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Recent multi-locus genetic data (Eberle et al. 2018) suggested that Arteminae as previously defined (Huber 2011 b) is polyphyletic: Artema and ‘ other Arteminae ’ are not sister taxa. This result is strongly supported by new genomic data (Meng et al. 2025; and herein), emphasizing the need for a new name for ‘ other Arteminae ’. Since no subfamily-level name for this group is available in the literature, we chose Physocyclus Simon, 1893 as the type genus of the new subfamily Physocyclinae . This subfamily includes all Arteminae as listed in the recent literature (Huber 2011 b; Huber et al. 2018; Huber et al. 2024 b) except for Artema . We also include here Aucana Huber, 2000 because our new genomic data strongly supports this assignment. Since the subfamily is based on molecular data and includes a range of morphologically diverse genera, we consider the diagnosis below of rather limited practical value. We provide the diagnosis because ICZN Article 13.1. could be interpreted as requiring such a diagnosis.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Small to medium-sized pholcids (carapace width 0.4–2.8), usually with relatively long legs (tibia 1 / carapace width usually&gt; 3; shorter in Aucana Huber, 2000; Changminia Yao and Li, 2022; Nita Huber and El Hennawy, 2007; and in most species of Chisosa Huber, 2000), usually with eight eyes (AME very rarely absent, e. g. in Pholcitrichocyclus watta (Huber, 2001)) . Distinguished from most other subfamilies by the combination of (1) presence of cheliceral stridulation (absent in Caipirinae subfam. nov., Modisiminae, Priscula Simon, 1893; most Pholcinae, southern clade of Smeringopinae; present in Artema Walckenaer 1837; Ninetinae; northern clade of Smeringopinae) and (2) strongly widened femur of male palp (similar in Artema, Priscula; certain species of Mesabolivar González-Sponga, 1998); Artema is distinguished from Physocyclinae by series of unique conical setae on male chelicerae (never present in Physocyclinae). Caipirinae is further distinguished from Physocyclinae by pair of epigynal pockets (never present in Physocyclinae).</p><p>Composition.</p><p>The subfamily as circumscribed here currently includes 107 nominal species in the following 11 genera (species numbers in parentheses): Arnapa Huber, 2019 (6); Aucana Huber, 2000 (5); Changminia Yao and Li, 2022 (2); Chisosa Huber, 2000 (4); Holocneminus Berland, 1942 (3); Nita Huber and El Hennawy, 2007 (1); Pholcitrichocyclus Ceccolini and Cianferoni, 2022 (= Trichocyclus Simon, 1908) (23); Physocyclus Simon 1893 (39); Serratochorus Wunderlich, 1988 (1); Tibetia Zhang, Zhu and Song, 2006 (1); Wugigarra Huber, 2001 (22).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A74D78878FEF5D6F99C2A3E68DAC4697	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Meng, Guanliang;Carvalho, Leonardo S.;Podsiadlowski, Lars;Huber, Bernhard A.	Meng, Guanliang, Carvalho, Leonardo S., Podsiadlowski, Lars, Huber, Bernhard A. (2026): Low coverage whole genome sequencing reveals a new subfamily of daddy long-legs spiders from Brazilian Caatinga (Araneae: Pholcidae). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 84: 95-121, DOI: 10.3897/asp.84.e174748
