identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
176F87DAFFC6FFBAFF4CFA578374F8BA.text	176F87DAFFC6FFBAFF4CFA578374F8BA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Roncus abditus (Chamberlin 1930)	<div><p>Roncus abditus (Chamberlin, 1930)</p><p>(Figs 1–28, 113)</p><p>Neobisium (Roncus) abditus Chamberlin, 1930: 12, figs 1h–i, 1w, 1ee, 2ii, 2oo, 3x.</p><p>Neobisium abditum: Chamberlin 1931: figs 35e, 40q.</p><p>Roncus abditus: Chamberlin 1931: figs 16i, 50a, 52c.</p><p>Roncus abditus: Beier 1948: 189, fig. 2; Gardini &amp; Rizzerio 1985:66, figs 59–79.</p><p>Type locality: Italy, Sardinia, Nuoro Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=8.466666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.266666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 8.466666/lat 39.266666)">Sorgono</a> (40°01’N 9°06’E) [but probably Asuni (39°52’N 8°56’E) or Gonnesa (39°16’N 8°28’E) (see Judson 1997: 7)].</p><p>Distribution. Italy (from Tuscany to Campania, Sicily and Sardinia), France (Corsica).</p><p>Diagnosis (♂ ♀). A small to medium-sized Roncus with epigean habitus that differs from the other species from mainland Italy, Sicily and Sardinia in the following combination of characters: eyes with lens; pedipalpal femur 0.52–0.84 mm length (2.97–3.95 ×); patella 0.42–0.71 mm (2.00–2.37 ×), with globose club, club/pedicel ratio = 1.6–2.2; chelal hand with 2–5 microsetae between the trichobothria eb and esb, without microsetae proximal to trichobothrium eb; fixed and movable chelal fingers with 38–60 and 42–58 teeth, respectively; 18–22 teeth between the trichobothrium t and the apex of the movable chelal finger; movable chelal finger 0.49–0.83 mm length; ratio of movable chelal finger/hand of chela with pedicel 0.91–1.16; ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable chelal finger 0.98–1.20; ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 0.94–1.18.</p><p>Type material examined. ITALY — Sardinia: Nuoro Prov.: 1♂ holotype, 1♂ 2♀ 1T paratypes labelled “Sorgono Sardinia Coll. – A. Krausse British Museum” (NHML), redescribed by Gardini &amp; Rizzerio (1985) .</p><p>Non-type material examined. ITALY — Sicily: Agrigento Prov.: 5♂ 3♀, Bivona, 380 m a.s.l., 11.XII.2014, C. Baviera &amp; C. Bellò leg. ; 1♂ 2♀ 3T, Caltabellotta, 520 m a.s.l., 23.III.2017, P. Magrini leg. , Quercus ilex wood; 1♂ 1♀, id., 420 m a.s.l., 17.XI.2018, C. Baviera &amp; C. Bellò leg.; 1♂ 1♀, Cammarata, Monte Cammarata, 900 m a.s.l., 20.III.2015, P. Magrini leg. ; 1♂, id., 940 m a.s.l., 17.III.2017, P. Magrini leg.; 1♂ 1T, id., 1035 m a.s.l., 7.III.2018, P. Magrini leg.; 14♂ 17♀, Campobello di Licata, 125 m a.s.l., 21.XII.2013, C. Baviera &amp; C. Bellò leg. ; 8♂ 7♀, Favara, 365 m a.s.l., 11.XII.2014, C. Baviera &amp; C. Bellò leg. ; 1♂ 1♀, Palma di Montechiaro, 185 m a.s.l., 3.III.2013, C. Baviera &amp; C. Bellò leg. ; 6♂ 8♀, id., 185 m a.s.l., 11.XII.2014, C. Baviera &amp; C. Bellò leg.; 1♂ 2♀, id., 185 m a. s.l., 12.XI.2018, C. Baviera &amp; C. Bellò leg.; 2♂ 2♀, Racalmuto, Grotte, 3.III.2013, C. Baviera &amp; C. Bellò leg. ; 2♀ 1T, Santo Stefano di Quisquina, 9.VII.1996, B. Massa leg. , under Pinus halepensis and Cedrus atlantica; 17♂ 36♀ 25 T 20 D 32P, id., 13.XI.1996, B. Massa leg., under P. halepensis and C. atlantica; 6♂ 4♀ 20 T 30 D, id., 24.II.1997, B. Massa leg., under P. halepensis and C. atlantica; 1♂ 2♀ 7 T 5 D 13P, id., 7.V.1997, B. Massa leg., under P. halepensis and C. atlantica; 22♂ 21♀, Sant’Angelo Muxaro, 115 m a.s.l., 11.XII.2014, C. Baviera &amp; C. Bellò leg. ; Sicily: Caltanissetta Prov.: 2♂ 2♀, Mazzarino, towards San Cono, 290 m a.s.l., 11.XII.2014, C. Baviera &amp; C. Bellò leg. ; 7♂ 2♀, Mazzarino, 470 m a.s.l., 3.III.2013, C. Baviera &amp; C. Bellò leg., under Olea; 1♀, Niscemi, crossroads for Niscemi, III.2016, C. Baviera leg. ; 1♂ 1♀ 3T, Niscemi, cork oak woodland of Niscemi, 13.III.2010, P. Magrini leg. ; 11♂ 6♀, id., 85 m a.s.l., 2.III.2013, C. Baviera &amp; C. Bellò leg.; 18♂ 14♀ 1T, id., 20 and 24.XII.2013, C. Baviera &amp; C. Bellò leg.; 12♂ 2♀, id., 10.XII.2014, C. Baviera &amp; C. Bellò leg. Sicily: Catania Prov.: 1♂ 3♀ 6 T 4 D, Caltagirone, Bosco di Santo Pietro, XII.1973, leg .?; 8♂ 5♀, id., 390 m a.s.l., 10.XII.2014, C. Baviera &amp; C. Bellò leg.; 1♂, Caltagirone, San Cono, 19.III.2010, C. Baviera leg. ; 2♂ 1♀, id., 3.IV.2013, C. Baviera leg.; 1♀ 1T, id. 21.IV.2015, C. Baviera leg.; 2♂, Caltagirone, 4.IV.2014, C. Baviera leg. ; 4♂ 1♀, Castel di Judica, 675 m a.s.l., 21. IV.2015, C. Baviera leg. ; 2♂, Castiglione di Sicilia, 300 m a.s.l., 4.IV.2014, C. Baviera leg.; 1♀ 2 T 2 D 7P, Linguaglossa, 8.III.2001, B. Massa leg. , beech and oak on volcanic soil; 2♀, Maniace, Foresta Vecchia, 27.IV.2014, C. Baviera leg. ; 2♂ 2♀, Mazzarrone surroundings, 160 m a.s.l., 3.III.2012, C. Baviera leg. ; 22♂ 19♀, Mazzarrone, 10.XII.2014, C. Baviera leg. ; 1♂, Mineo, Licodia, 18.III.2016, C. Baviera leg. Sicily: Enna Prov.: 1♂ 1♀, Agira southern surroundings, 480 m a.s.l., 26.XI.2015, C. Baviera &amp; C. Bellò leg. ; 1♀ 2T, id., 500 m a.s.l., 17.III.2016, C. Baviera leg.; 2♀, Agira, Riserva Vallone Piano della Corte, 549 m a.s.l., 25.XI.2021, G. Nicolosi leg. ; 7♂ 2♀ 2T, id., 27.XI.2015, C. Baviera &amp; C. Bellò leg.; 1♂ 1♀, Agira, Torre Borgo, 27.XI.2015, C. Baviera leg. ; 1♂ 1♀, Agira, 16.II.2021, G. Nicolosi leg. ; 1♂ 1♀ 2T, Aidone, Cozzo Campana, 22.III.2015, P. Magrini leg. ; 1♂ 1♀, Catenanuova, Monte Scalpello, 340 m a.s.l., 18.III.2016, C. Baviera leg. ; 7♂ 10♀, Enna, Villa Rosa, 3.XI.2010, C. Baviera leg.; 1♀, Piazza Armerina, 13.III.2010, P. Magrini leg. ; 1♂ 2T, id., 650 m a.s.l., 21.III.2015, P. Magrini leg. Sicily: Messina Prov.: 2♂ 2♀, Caronia, Bosco della Tassita, 29.IV.2015, C. Baviera leg. ; 3♂ 3♀, Caronia, Contrada Moglia, 1400 m a.s.l., X–XI.1987, G. Sabella leg. , beech wood; 6♂ 4♀, Caronia, Monte Pagano slope, 350 m a.s.l., XI. 1987, G. Sabella leg. , cork wood; 3♂, id., X.1988, G. Sabella leg., cork wood; 3♂ 3♀, Casalvecchio Siculo, SS. Pietro e Paolo, 3.XII.2011, C. Baviera leg. ; 1♀, Castelmola, Luppineria, 11.III.2015, C. Baviera leg. ; 3♂ 2♀, Castelmola, Trupiano, 11.III.2015, C. Baviera leg. ; 6♂ 4♀, Castroreale, Fiume Margi, 3.XI.2011, C. Baviera leg. ; 1♂, Falcone, 400 m a.s.l., 4.V.2013, C. Baviera leg. ; 2♂, Floresta, Sorgente San Giacomo, 29.III.2010, C. Baviera leg. ; 1♂, Galati Mamertino, Santuario Trofillo, 20.III.2015, C. Baviera leg. ; 2♀ 1T, Graniti, 1.I.2010, C. Baviera leg. ; 1♂ 2♀, Mandanici, Pizzo Mualio, 1032 m a.s.l., 3.XI.2011, C. Baviera leg. ; 1♂, Mistretta, Lago Quattrocchi, 1120 m a.s.l., 7.III.2016, P. Magrini leg. ; 2♂ 1♀, Patti, Capo Tindari, 10.XII.2020, C. Baviera leg. ; 2♂ 1♀, Reitano, 31.XI.2015, C. Baviera &amp; C. Bellò leg. ; 3♀ 1T, San Fratello, Monte Soro, 16.VI.1981, G. Gardini leg. , Fagus sylvatica wood; 1♂ 1♀, id., 27.I.1982, leg.?, Quercus sp. wood; 1♀, San Fratello, Monte Soro, 28.IV.1982, leg.?, oak wood ; 2♂ 1♀ 2T, San Fratello, Monte Soro NW slope, 1350 m a.s.l., 1.VI.1985, R. Rizzerio &amp; S. Zoia leg., Fagus sylvatica wood; 1♂, San Fratello, Monte Soro, Portella Maulazzo, 28.V.1982, leg .?; 2♂, San Pier Niceto, 28.IV.2013, C. Baviera leg. ; 1♂ 1♀ 1T, Savoca, Rogani, 18.XII.2013, C. Baviera leg. ; 3♂ 5♀, Trini Campogrande, Villa Arangi, 22.XII.2016, C. Baviera leg., under Olea . Sicily: Palermo Prov.: 1♂, Balestrate, 160 m a.s.l., 30. I.2011, C. Baviera leg. ; 1♂ 3♀, Bagheria, Monte Calafato, 30.I.2011, C. Baviera leg. ; 9♂ 6♀ 15 T 11 D 6P, Caltavuturo, 450 m a.s.l., 30.V.1985, R. Rizzerio &amp; S. Zoia leg., Quercus ilex wood; 1♂, Campofiorito, 18.III.2017, C. Baviera &amp; C. Bellò leg. ; 2♂, Carini, Grotta di Carburangeli, 20.III.2010, C. Baviera leg.; 3♂ 1♀ 2T, Carini, Montagna Longa, 600 m a.s.l., 26.III.2017, P. Magrini leg.; 3♂ 2♀, Castelbuono, Eremo di Liccia, 18.X.2013, C. Baviera leg. ; 1♀ 1T, id., 27.XII.2013, C. Baviera leg.; 4♂ 3♀, Castelbuono, Fiume Gonato, 1000 m a.s.l., 18.X.2013, C. Baviera leg. ; 1♂, Castelbuono, Piano Sempria, Balzo del Gatto, 1300 m a.s.l., 27.IX.2016, C. Baviera leg. ; 1♀, Castelbuono, 5.IV.2011, C. Baviera leg. ; 2♂ 2♀, Cinisi, Montagnalonga, 5.IV.2011, C. Baviera leg. ; 1♂ 1♀, Corleone, Ficuzza, 7.I.2007, P. Magrini leg. ; 1♂, id., 890 m a.s.l., 20.III.2008, P. Magrini leg.; 1♀, Corleone, Ficuzza, Alpe Cucco, 25.IX.2010, C. Baviera leg. ; 1♀, Corleone, Ficuzza, 22.XII.2013, C. Baviera &amp; C. Bellò leg. ; 3♂ 2♀, Gangi, between Gangi and Sperlinga, 19.III.2016, C. Baviera leg. ; 2♂ 1T, Geraci Siculo, Purgatorio, 20.III.2009, P. Magrini leg. ; 2♂ 1♀, Giacalone, Bosco San Francesco, 7.XI.2010, C. Baviera leg. ; 2♂, Isnello, Baita del Faggio, 1450 m a.s.l., 18.V.2013, C. Baviera leg. ; 1♂ 5♀ 7T, Monreale, San Martino delle Scale, 2.I.2007, P. Magrini leg. ; 1♂, id., 420 m a.s.l., 23.III.2019, P. Magrini leg.; 6♂ 3♀, Palermo, Palazzo Adriano, 22.XII.2013, C. Baviera leg. ; 3♂ 2♀, Palermo, Monte Pellegrino, 3.X.1979, G. Gardini leg. ; 3♀, id., 5.I.2007, P. Magrini leg.; 2♂, id., 360 m a.s.l., 20. III.2010, P. Magrini leg.; 1♂ 1♀, id., 400 m a.s.l., 16.III.2015, P. Magrini leg.; 1♂ 1♀, id., 450 m a.s.l., 10.III.2018, P. Magrini leg.; 2♀, Partinico, 400 m a.s.l., 29.XI.2015, C. Baviera &amp; C. Bellò leg. ; 1♀, Piana degli Albanesi, Lago, 18.III.2017, C. Baviera leg. ; 1♂ 4♀ 4 T 5 D 3P, id., Monte Pizzuta, 13.III.2008, P. Magrini leg. ; 3♀ 6T, Petralia Sottana, Piano Battaglia, 1200 m a.s.l., 7.X.1979, G. Gardini leg. ; 1♂ 1♀, Sciara, Monte San Calogero, 30.I.2011, C. Baviera leg. ; 1♂, id., 840 m a.s.l., 19.III.2019, P. Magrini leg. Sicily: Ragusa Prov.: 3♂ 1♀, Chiaramonte Gulfi, 395 m a.s.l., 19.III.2016, C. Baviera leg. ; 1♂ 2♀, Giarratana, 2.XI.2010, C. Baviera leg. ; 1♂ 3♀, Ispica, 9.XII.2014, C. Baviera leg. Sicily: Syracuse Prov.: 1♀, Buscemi, 655 m a.s.l., 2016, C. Baviera &amp; C. Bellò leg. , sub Olea; 1♂, Ferla, Pantalica, 14.IV.2010, C. Baviera leg. ; 5♂ 11♀ 4 T 2 D, Floridia, Climiti, 19.XII.2013, C. Baviera &amp; C. Bellò leg. ; 1♂, Melilli, Riserva Villasmundo, 9.XII.2019, G. Nicolosi leg. ; 2♀, id., 19.I.2020, G. Nicolosi leg.; 1♂ 2♀, Noto, Vendicari, 1.III.2013, C. Baviera leg. ; 3♂ 2♀, id., 19.XII.2013, C. Baviera leg.; 6♂ 2♀, Solarino, 2.I.1989, M. Bodon leg. ; 2♂ 3♀ 1T, Sortino, Santa Sofia, 9.III.2013, C. Baviera leg. Sicily: Trapani Prov.: 22♂ 11♀, Alcamo, Monte Bonifato, San Nicola, 7.XI.2010, C. Baviera leg. ; 1♂, id., Monte San Nicola, 30.I.2011, C. Baviera leg. ; 1♂, Buseto Palizzolo, Monte Scorace, 370 m a.s.l., 18.III.2009, P. Magrini leg. ; 6♂ 7♀ 8T, Calatafimi, Angimbé, 325 m a.s.l., 22.III.2009, P. Magrini leg. ; 1♀ 2D, id., 4.IV.2013, P. Magrini leg., cork wood; 6♀, id., 280 m a.s.l., 25. III.2017, P. Magrini leg.; 1♂, Calatafimi, Madonna del Giubino, Pizzo di Bosco, 250 m a.s.l., 18.III.2009, P. Magrini leg. ; 3♂ 2♀, id., 1000 m a.s.l., 30.XII.1994, G. Gardini leg., Quercus ilex wood; 1♂ 1♀, Castellammare del Golfo, Monte Inici, 740 m a.s.l., 29.XI.2015, C. Baviera leg. ; 4♂ 3♀, id., towards Teleffio, 28.XI.2015, C. Baviera &amp; C. Bellò leg. ; 1♂ 1♀ 1T, id., towards Terre Segestane, 200 m a.s.l., 29.XI.2015, C. Baviera &amp; C. Bellò leg. ; 2♂, id., Monte Inici, 684 m a.s.l., 28.XI.2016, C. Baviera leg. ; 2♂ 4♀, Custonaci, Monte Sparagio, 420 m a.s.l., 16.III.2009, P. Magrini leg. ; 2♀, id., 455 m a.s.l., 16.III.2015, P. Magrini leg.; 8♂ 6♀ 11 T 3 D, Erice, 2.I.1995, G. Gardini leg., Quercus ilex wood; 3♂, Erice, Piano Guastella, 6.III.2013, C. Baviera leg. ; 1♂, id., 28.XII.2015, C. Baviera &amp; C. Bellò leg.; 2♂ 1♀ 4T, Erice, 625 m a.s.l., 3.I.2007, P. Magrini leg. ; 2♂ 1♀ 4T, id., 760 m a.s.l., 18.III.2008, P. Magrini leg.; 1♀ 1T, id., 625 m a.s.l., 16.III.2015, P. Magrini leg.; 1♂, Isola di Pantelleria, 400 m a.s.l., 28.IV.1991, G. Osella leg. ; 2♂, Isola di Pantelleria, 7.X.1994, S. Ragusa di Chiara leg .; 7♂ 7♀, Isola di Pantelleria, near Siba, Montagna Grande western slope, 500 m a.s.l., 3.XII.1992, R. Poggi leg. ; 1♀, Isola di Pantelleria, Montagna Grande, 31.III.1990, R. Argano leg. ; 5♂ 1♀ 6T 7D, id., 700 m a.s.l., 4.IV.1994, T. La Mantia leg.; 2♂ 1♀ 9 T 3 D, Isola di Pantelleria, Monte Gibele, 15.XI.1993, T. La Mantia leg. ; 2♂ 2♀ 1T, Isola di Pantelleria, Piano di Ghirlanda, 30.III. 1990, S. Zoia leg., Quercus ilex wood; 1♂ 1T, id., 28.IV.1991, C. Manicastri leg.; 1♀, id., 7.V.1994, F. Lo Valvo leg.; 2♂ 2♀ 1T, Isole Egadi, Isola di Favignana, 3.IV.1990, S. Zoia leg. ; 2♀, id., 27.IV.1991, G. Osella leg.; 5♂ 2♀, Isole Egadi, Isola di Favignana, Monte Santa Caterina, 6.XI.2010, C. Baviera leg. ; 1♀, Isole Egadi, Isola di Levanzo, 4. IV.1990, G. Osella leg. ; 1♂, Isole Egadi, Isola di Levanzo, Cala Tramontana, 4.IV.1990, S. Zoia leg. ; 1♂ 2♀, Isole Egadi, Isola di Levanzo, Punta San Leonardo, 5.XI.2010, C. Baviera leg. ; 1♀ 1T, Isole Egadi, Isola di Marettimo, 5.IV.1990, S. Zoia leg. ; 5♂ 2♀ 7T, Mazara del Vallo, Gorghi Tondi, 3.I.1995, G. Gardini leg. ; 2♂ 2♀ 3T, id., 30. IV.2000, S. Zoia &amp; F. Polese leg., Quercus ilex wood ; 1♀, id., 23.III.2009, P. Magrini leg.; 1♂, id., 6.III.2013, C. Baviera &amp; C. Bellò leg.; 1♀, Mazara del Vallo, Lago Preola, 25.III.1976, leg .?; 16♂ 19♀ 8T 13D, San Vito Lo Capo, Riserva Naturale dello Zingaro, 31.XII.1994, G. Gardini &amp; S. Zoia leg. ; 1♀, id., 21.X.1996, B. Massa leg.; 1♂, id., 17.I.1997, B. Massa leg.; 1♀, id., 17.X.2001, B. Massa leg.; 1♂, Vita, Montagna Grande, 17.III.2017, C. Baviera &amp; C. Bellò leg. , sieving under Pinus sp.</p><p>Description of adults (♂ ♀) from Sicily. Carapace, chelicerae, pedipalps and palpal coxae yellowish-brown to red-brown; pedipalpal femur and chelal hand with evident granular surface, patella nearly smooth, pleural membrane granulate. Carapace 1.15–1.43 (♂ ♀) times as long as broad, with two weak eyes with a slightly convex lens (diameter 0.06–0.09 mm); anterior margin of carapace with sharp triangular epistome (0.03–0.05 mm length) (Fig. 1), anterior lateral process straight or slightly acute, not prominent; subbasal transverse furrow absent, standard chaetotaxy 4:8:6:6, subocular setae absent. Chaetotaxy of tergites I–X (♂ ♀): 5–8:9–11:10–12:10–13:11–13:11– 13:10–13:11–13:10–12:9–11 (probable standard chaetotaxy: 6:11:11:11:11:11:11:11:11:9). Chaetotaxy of sternites II–X (♂): 11–19:(3–4)13–18(3–4):(3–4)8–12(3–4):12–15:12–15:12–15:13–16:13–14:12–13, lateral genital sacs tubular, median genital sac pear-shaped, reaching the base of sternite V, genital atrium with 2+2 or 2+3 setae; genital areas of male and female as in figs 4 and 9, respectively; chaetotaxy of sternites II–X (♀): 7–13:(3)10–14(3):(3)9– 13(3):12–16:13–16:13–14:13–14:13–15:12–13. Chelicera (Fig. 2) 1.84–2.32 (♂ ♀) times as long as broad, palm with 6 setae (rarely with 7 setae); fixed finger with 10–19 spaced teeth; movable finger with 10–19 teeth, the largest just distad gs; gs ratio 0.54–0.70, spinneret slightly prominent in both males and females; rallum with one short proximal blade and 7 (rarely 6 or 8) longer blades, all blades anteriorly combed, except the first one which is mostly apparently smooth; serrulae interior and exterior with about 26 and 33 blades, respectively. Manducatory process with 3 (rarely 4) setae. Coxal setae (♂ ♀): pedipalp 7–9, I 6–8, II 6–7, III 5 (rarely 6), IV 7–9; anterolateral process of coxa I prominent and pointed, anteromedial process apically rounded, with weak processes (Fig. 3). Pedipalp (Figs 5–7, 10–12, 21–28): trochanter weakly granular dorsally, 1.85–2.22 (♂ ♀) times as long as broad, with one small tubercle and one protuberance on antiaxial face; femur 3.24–3.95 (♂) or 3.04–3.60 (♀) times as long as broad, gradually enlarged in the basal third, subparallel in the two distal thirds, with one tubercle proximally the half of the antiaxial face, one or two weak dorso-distal tubercles with glandular pore, and 1–2 prominent tubercles mostly on the first half of the paraxial face (rarely with 3 or without tubercles), granulation as in figs 5, 10; patella with globose club and smooth surface, 2.07–2.37 (♂) or 2.00–2.22 (♀) times as long as broad, with one weak dorso-distal tubercle with glandular pore and one micropore at base of dorsal face of pedicel; club/pedicel ratio of patella = 1.6–2.2 (♂ ♀); chela with pedicel 3.05–3.38 (♂) or 2.81–3.42 (♀) times as long as broad; hand of chela with pedicel 1.56–1.75 (♂) or 1.48–1.68 (♀) times as long as broad, with oval profile and its greatest width in the proximal third (dorsal view), granulation as in figs 6–7, 11–12; chelal hand with a tubercle with a glandular pore on the antiaxial face close to the movable finger base and one or two micropores at base of dorsal face of pedicel; 2–5 microsetae between the trichobothria eb and esb, microsetae proximal trichobothrium eb absent (Figs 13–20); fixed chelal finger with 44–60 (♂) or 38–58 (♀) contiguous and pointed teeth; nodus ramosus subterminal; movable chelal finger with 42–58 (♂) or 44–56 (♀) teeth (6–8 teeth occupying 0.1 mm), of which the distal 6–11 pointed, the others with a flat apex (Figs 7, 12); 18–22 teeth between the trichobothrium t and the apex of the finger; marginal sensillum at level of trichobothrium sb or just distal to it; all teeth with dental canals; trichobothria as in figs 6–7, 11–12, relative position of trichobothria along chelal axis (♂ ♀): et 0.185–0.22/ it 0.23–0.31/ est 0.30 –0.365/ ist 0.42–0.52/ isb 0.61– 0.68/ ib 0.73–0.80/ esb 0.77–0.82/ eb 0.82–0.89/ t 0.28–0.34/ st 0.39–0.44/ sb 0.61–0.67/ b 0.77–0.85; trichobothrium isb halfway between ib and ist or slightly closer to ib, trichobothrium est at level of t; ratio of movable chelal finger/hand of chela with pedicel 0.91–1.20 (♂ ♀); ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable finger 0.98–1.20 (♂ ♀); ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 0.94–1.18 (♂ ♀). Leg IV (Fig. 8): trochanter 1.73–2.18 (♂ ♀) times as long as deep, femur + patella 2.60–3.10 (♂ ♀) times as long as deep, tibia 4.15–5.30 (♂ ♀) times (TS = 0.48–0.64), basitarsus 2.05–2.50 (♂ ♀) times (TS = 0.16–0.26), telotarsus 3.27–4.57 (♂ ♀) times as long as deep (TS = 0.32–0.42), ratio of basitarsus/ telotarsus 0.58–0.67 (♂ ♀), subterminal seta furcate, claws with dorsal tooth.</p><p>Measurements. Body length 2.0–2.7 (♂) or 2.4–2.8 (♀). Carapace 0.57–0.80 × 0.40–0.60 anteriorly (♂) or 0.69–0.85 × 0.54–0.66 anteriorly (♀). Chelicera 0.36–0.54 × 0.19–0.27 (♂) or 0.48–0.58 × 0.25–0.285 (♀); movable finger length 0.25–0.365 (♂) or 0.33–0.40 (♀). Pedipalp: trochanter 0.35–0.49 × 0.16–0.24 (♂) or 0.38–0.515 × 0.195–0.25 (♀); femur 0.59–0.84 × 0.165 –0.235 (♂) or 0.62–0.84 × 0.20–0.25 (♀); patella 0.47–0.71 × 0.21–0.30 (♂) or 0.51–0.69 × 0.25–0.33 (♀); chela with pedicel 0.965–1.39 × 0.285–0.44 (depth 0.285–0.44) (♂) or 1.06–1.46 × 0.37–0.51 (depth 0.37–0.50) (♀); hand with pedicel length 0.50–0.72 (♂) or 0.57–0.76 (♀); movable finger length 0.55–0.79 (♂) or 0.58–0.83 (♀). Leg IV: trochanter 0.25–0.36 × 0.125 –0.175 (♂ ♀); femur + patella 0.55–0.76 × 0.195 –0.275 (♂) or 0.64–0.77 × 0.215 –0.275 (♀); tibia 0.49–0.66 × 0.105–0.14 (♂) or 0.55–0.66 × 0.11–0.145 (♀); basitarsus 0.165 –0.225 × 0.07–0.095 (♂) or 0.185–0.24 × 0.08–0.10 (♀); telotarsus 0.28–0.36 × 0.065 –0.085 (♂) or 0.295–0.37 × 0.08–0.09 (♀).</p><p>Description of tritonymph from Santo Stefano di Quisquina (13.XI.1996). Carapace, chelicerae, pedipalps and palpal coxae red-brown pale; pedipalpal femur and chelal hand with evident granular surface, patella smooth, pleural membrane granulate. Carapace 1.22–1.37 times as long as broad, with two weak eyes with tapetum and a slightly convex lens; anterior margin of carapace with acuminate epistome apically rounded (0.020 –0.025 mm length); standard chaetotaxy 4:8:6:6, subocular setae absent. Chaetotaxy of tergites I–X: 6:9–10:10–12:10–12:10–12:10– 12:11–12:10–12:10–11:9. Chaetotaxy of sternites II–X: 3–4:(2)8(2):(2)8–9(2):13:13:13:13–14:13:12–13. Chelicera 1.88–1.90 times as long as broad, palm with 6 setae; fixed finger with 13–15 teeth; movable finger with 12–15 teeth, the largest just distad gs; gs ratio 0.58, spinneret slightly prominent; rallum with one short proximal blade and 6 longer blades, all blades anteriorly combed, except the first one which is apparently smooth. Manducatory process with 3 setae. Coxal setae: pedipalp 6, I 5, II 5–6, III 4, IV 6; anterolateral process of coxa I prominent and pointed, anteromedial process apically rounded, with weak processes. Pedipalp: trochanter 1.87–2.00 times as long as broad; femur weakly granulate, 2.80–2.90 times as long as broad, with one tubercle proximally the half of the antiaxial face, two weak dorso-distal tubercles with glandular pore, and one prominent tubercle halfway the paraxial face; patella with smooth surface, 1.90–1.95 times as long as broad, with one weak dorso-distal tubercle with glandular pore; chela with pedicel 2.70–2.80 times as long as broad; hand of chela with pedicel 1.50–1.55 times as long as broad, weakly granulate, with 2–3 microsetae between the trichobothria eb and esb (microsetae proximal eb absent); fixed chelal finger with 33–36 contiguous and pointed teeth; nodus ramosus subterminal; movable chelal finger with 36–38 teeth, of which 20 between the trichobothrium t and the apex of the finger; marginal sensillum proximal to the trichobothrium st or closer to st than to t; all teeth with dental canals; relative position of trichobothria along chelal axis: et 0.235/ it 0.315–0.35/ est 0.37 –0.38/ ist 0.49–0.50/ ib 0.74/ esb 0.75/ eb 0.81–0.82/ t 0.39–0.40/ st 0.54–0.58/ b 0.81–0.82; ratio of movable chelal finger/hand of chela with pedicel 0.98–1.02; ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable finger 1.06–1.09; ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 0.78–1.18. Leg IV: trochanter 1.84 times as long as deep, femur + patella 2.72–2.76 times as long as deep, tibia 3.90–3.95 times (TS = 0.58–0.60), basitarsus 1.81–1.87 times (TS = 0.20–0.21), telotarsus 3.06–3.20 times as long as deep (TS = 0.33–0.34), ratio of basitarsus/telotarsus 0.60–0.65, subterminal seta furcate, claws with dorsal tooth.</p><p>Measurements. Body length 2.2–2.3. Carapace 0.60–0.63 × 0.46–0.49 anteriorly. Chelicera 0.40–0.415 × 0.21–0.22; movable finger length 0.27–0.275. Pedipalp: trochanter 0.30–0.32 × 0.16–0.165; femur 0.49–0.505 × 0.17–0.175; patella 0.40–0.42 × 0.21–0.215; chela with pedicel 0.83–0.84 × 0.30 (depth 0.29–0.30); hand with pedicel length 0.45–0.47; movable finger length 0.46. Leg IV: trochanter 0.23 × 0.125; femur + patella 0.45–0.48 × 0.165–0.17; tibia 0.39–0.395 × 0.10; basitarsus 0.145–0.15 × 0.08; telotarsus 0.23–0.24 × 0.075.</p><p>Short description of deutonymph from Santo Stefano di Quisquina (13.XI.1996). Pale integuments; pedipalpal femur and chelal hand barely granulated. Carapace 1.26–1.30 times as long as broad, with two weak eyes with tapetum; anterior margin of carapace with weakly rounded epistome; chaetotaxy 4:6:6:6. Chaetotaxy of tergites I–X: 6:7:7:7:7:7:7:7:7:7. Chaetotaxy of sternites II–X: 0:(1)4(1):(1)6(1):8:8–9:8–9:8–9:8–9:8–9. Chelicera 1.86–1.93 times as long as broad, palm with 5 setae; fixed finger with 12–13 teeth; movable finger with 9 teeth; gs ratio 0.58–0.60, spinneret slightly prominent; rallum with one short proximal blade and 5 longer blades, all blades anteriorly combed, except the first one which is apparently smooth. Manducatory process with 2–3 setae. Coxal setae: pedipalp 4, I 5, II 5, III 3, IV 3–4; anterolateral process of coxa I prominent. Pedipalp: trochanter 2.09–2.10 times as long as broad; femur 2.90–2.95 times as long as broad, a tubercle on the paraxial side rarely evident; patella 1.89–1.92 times as long as broad; chela with pedicel 2.90–2.95 times as long as broad; hand of chela with pedicel 1.55 times as long as broad, microsetae proximal eb absent; fixed chelal finger with 30–33 teeth; movable chelal finger with 26 teeth, 21 teeth between the trichobothrium t and the apex of the finger; marginal sensillum just distal the trichobothrium b; relative position of trichobothria along chelal axis: et 0.295–0.30/ it 0.395–0.42/ est 0.44 –0.50/ ist 0.54–0.56/ ib 0.785 –0.795 / eb 0.79–0.81/ t 0.49–0.50/ b 0.79; ratio of movable chelal finger/hand of chela with pedicel 1.01–1.06; ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable finger 1.03–1.06; ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 0.74– 0.76. Leg IV: trochanter 1.68 times as long as deep, femur + patella 2.86–3.0 times as long as deep, tibia 3.57–3.64 times (TS = 0.49–0.51), basitarsus 1.66–1.75 times (TS = 0.25–0.26), telotarsus 2.91–3.0 times as long as deep (TS = 0.27–0.28), ratio of basitarsus/telotarsus 0.62–0.63.</p><p>Measurements. Body length 1.5–1.7. Carapace 0.43 × 0.33–0.34 anteriorly. Chelicera 0.27–0.29 × 0.145–0.15; movable finger length 0.19–0.195. Pedipalp: trochanter 0.21–0.22 × 0.10–0.105; femur 0.32–0.34 × 0.11–0.115; patella 0.25–0.265 × 0.13–0.14; chela with pedicel 0.56–0.58 × 0.19–0.20 (depth 0.185–0.20); hand with pedicel length 0.295–0.31; movable finger length 0.30–0.33. Leg IV: trochanter 0.135 × 0.08; femur + patella 0.30–0.315 × 0.10–0.11; tibia 0.25–0.255 × 0.07; basitarsus 0.10–0.105 × 0.06; telotarsus 0.16–0.165 × 0.055.</p><p>Short description of protonymph from Santo Stefano di Quisquina (13.XI.1996). Pale integuments; pedipalpal femur and chelal hand with unperceivable graininess. Carapace 1.18–1.23 times as long as broad, with two weak eyes with tapetum; anterior margin of carapace with barely prominent epistome; chaetotaxy 4:6:4:4. Chaetotaxy of tergites I–X: 4:4:4:4:4:4:4:4:4:4. Chaetotaxy of sternites II–X: 0:(1)2(1):(1)4(1):6:6:6:6:6:6. Chelicera 1.82 times as long as broad, palm with 4 setae; fixed finger with 8–10 teeth; movable finger with 8 teeth; seta gs absent, spinneret slightly prominent; rallum with one short proximal blade and 4 longer blades, all blades anteriorly combed, except the first one which is apparently smooth. Manducatory process with 2 setae. Coxal setae: pedipalp 3, I 1, II 1, III 1, IV 1; anterolateral process of coxa I obtuse. Pedipalp: trochanter 1.83–1.94 times as long as broad; femur 2.55–2.66 times as long as broad, a tubercle on the paraxial side rarely evident; patella 1.73–1.85 times as long as broad; chela with pedicel 3.11–3.33 times as long as broad; hand of chela with pedicel 1.70–1.74 times as long as broad, microsetae proximal eb absent; fixed chelal finger with 18 teeth; movable chelal finger with 18–20 teeth between the trichobothrium t and the apex of the finger; marginal sensillum just proximal the trichobothrium t; relative position of trichobothria along chelal axis: et 0.40–0.42/ ist 0.63/ eb 0.74–0.75/ t 0.65–0.68; ratio of movable chelal finger/hand of chela with pedicel 1.0–1.04; ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable finger 0.98–1.0; ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 0.72–0.75. Leg IV: trochanter 1.77 times as long as deep, femur + patella 2.94–3.0 times as long as deep, tibia 3.0–3.1 times (TS = 0.39–0.42), basitarsus 1.6 times (TS = 0.23–0.25), telotarsus 2.88–3.0 times as long as deep (TS = 0.22–0.24), ratio of basitarsus/telotarsus 0.59–0.61.</p><p>Measurements. Body length 1.2–1.25. Carapace 0.32 × 0.26–0.27 anteriorly. Chelicera 0.20–0.21 × 0.11–0.115; movable finger length 0.14. Pedipalp: trochanter 0.155 –0.165 × 0.08–0.09; femur 0.23–0.24 × 0.09; patella 0.185– 0.19 × 0.10–0.11; chela with pedicel 0.42–0.45 × 0.135 (depth 0.14–0.145); hand with pedicel length 0.23–0.235; movable finger length 0.23–0.245. Leg IV: trochanter 0.115 × 0.065; femur + patella 0.235–0.24 × 0.08; tibia 0.17–0.18 × 0.055–0.06; basitarsus 0.08 × 0.05; telotarsus 0.13–0.135 × 0.045.</p><p>Remarks. Roncus abditus was described by Chamberlin (1930), as Neobisium (Roncus) abditus [sic!], based on about 16 specimens of both sexes believed to have been collected at Sorgono (Sardinia) by Krausse-Heldrungen. However, Judson (1997) suggested that the true type locality of the species may be Asuni or Gonnesa, 20 and 100 km south of Sorgono, respectively.</p><p>Chamberlin’s description was incomplete, lacking the absolute dimensions of carapace and appendages―but it was emphasised that the pedipalpal femur is shorter than the carapace―and no comparison with other species was provided. The only useful figures are those of the left pedipalp (Chamberlin 1930: 4, fig. 3x), as well as the three subsequently published (Chamberlin 1931), concerning the right pedipalpal chela (Fig. 35e), the male genitalia (Fig. 50a) and the female genital area (Fig. 52c).</p><p>The original description of Roncus abditus made by Chamberlin (1930) was fully reported, without the iconographic part, by Beier (1932), who later (Beier 1948)―following the examination of specimens from Sorgono and Corsica (Ajaccio and Ponte Leccia)―integrated it by adding the measurements of a pedipalp and its complete illustration. The key to European pseudoscorpions (Beier 1963b) contains the same data on Roncus abditus published by Beier in 1948.</p><p>More recently, Gardini &amp; Rizzerio (1985) redescribed the male holotype and four paratypes of Roncus abditus (one male, two females and one tritonymph), included the species in the key to the Italian epigean Roncus, and subsequently (Gardini &amp; Rizzerio 1987) in the key to the Sardinian species of the same genus. The redescription of type specimens highlighted the absence of tubercles on the paraxial face of pedipalpal femur, the absence of microsetae proximal the trichobothrium eb and the variability of the pedipalpal femur/carapace ratio, as the femur may be slightly shorter or slightly longer than the carapace in males, or as long as the carapace in females. The variability of the femur/carapace ratio had already been found by Schawaller (1981) in several Corsican specimens he attributed to Roncus abditus .</p><p>Besides Sardinia and Corsica, Roncus abditus has been reported from Tuscany, Abruzzo, Campania, Apulia, Calabria, Sicily and the Island of Pantelleria (see Gardini 2000 for detailed references), apparently proving to be the most widespread species of the genus Roncus in Italy just after Roncus lubricus L. Koch, 1873 . It should be emphasised that the taxonomic knowledge of the epigean Roncus of both Sardinia and Corsica is still very poor, and that for central and southern Italy the numerous literature citations for Roncus lubricus and Roncus abditus listed by Gardini (2000) must necessarily be checked. The reports of Roncus lubricus for Sicily (Ellingsen 1909, Beier 1963a) and the Aeolian Islands (Callaini 1979b), which could not be verified, are also likely to refer to Roncus abditus .</p><p>Roncus abditus specimens from Sicily show a rather wide variability in size, even within the same population (Figs 21–28), and appear to be slightly larger than the type specimens from Sardinia. However, it should be considered that this comparison is based on only four Sardinian specimens. Nevertheless, no valid morphometric differences have been found to discriminate between Sicilian populations, nor between Sicilian populations and type specimens from Sardinia.</p><p>The presence/absence and number of tubercles on the paraxial face of the pedipalpal femur deserves consideration. The presence of these structures―with probable sensory function―was already described in several Roncus species from continental and insular Italy, e.g. Roncus dallaii Callaini, 1979 (3–4 tubercles), Roncus julianus di Caporiacco, 1949 (2–4), Roncus ligusticus Beier, 1930 (3–5), Roncus tuberculatus Gardini, 1991 (0–3) (Callaini 1979a; Gardini &amp; Rizzerio 1985, 1986; Gardini 1991), or from neighbouring countries, e.g. Roncus tenuis Hadži, 1933 (one tubercle), Roncus dalmatinus Hadži, 1933 (two) and Roncus melitensis (one) (Hadži 1933; Gardini &amp; Rizzerio 1987). In the Sicilian specimens of Roncus abditus, the presence of these structures is highly variable both within and between populations and sometimes even within the same individual. In many specimens, the number of tubercles on the two femora is not the same (0–1, 0–2, 1–2 or 2–3), and even within the same population they may be absent or vary in number, most commonly ranging from 0 to 1, 1 to 2 or 2 to 3. There are, of course, populations with a constant number of tubercles on both femora. The presence of at least one tubercle on each pedipalpal femur is observed in most of the specimens of Roncus abditus from Sicily, with a notable exception: almost all populations examined from north-western Sicily (mostly in the province of Trapani), the Egadi Islands and the island of Pantelleria, lack tubercles in both femora, as in the Sardinian type specimens of Roncus abditus . No other morphological characters have been identified that could justify their individuality with respect to other Sicilian populations bearing tubercles. Therefore, they are all referred to as Roncus abditus, with the understanding that the issue will have to be further investigated using more advanced taxonomic approaches. The inconsistency of the character associated to the presence/absence of tubercles was also confirmed by Hlebec et al. (2023) who, based on genetic evidence, proposed the synonymy between the genera Roncus and Archaeoroncus Ćurčić &amp; Rađa, 2012 (the latter specifically established due to the presence of tubercles).</p><p>Following Gardini (1982), Roncus abditus may be related to Roncus grafittii Gardini, 1982, a microphthalmic species described from the cave Sa Conca ‘e s'Abba 252 Sa/SS (Nughedu San Nicolò, Sassari province, Sardinia). However, given the currently inadequate knowledge of the epigean Roncus from Sardinia and mainland Italy, we consider any attempt to assess the affinities of Roncus abditus to be premature.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/176F87DAFFC6FFBAFF4CFA578374F8BA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gardini, Giulio;Gardini, Pietro	Gardini, Giulio, Gardini, Pietro (2026): The epigean and subterranean pseudoscorpions of the genus Roncus from Sicily, with description of new species (Pseudoscorpiones: Neobisiidae). Zootaxa 5763 (2): 151-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.2.1
176F87DAFFCCFFBEFF4CFF7883DFF806.text	176F87DAFFCCFFBEFF4CFF7883DFF806.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Roncus aetnensis Gardini & Rizzerio 1987	<div><p>Roncus aetnensis Gardini &amp; Rizzerio, 1987</p><p>(Figs 29–38, 114)</p><p>Roncus aetnensis Gardini &amp; Rizzerio, 1987: 74, figs 12–17.</p><p>Type locality: Italy, Sicily, Catania Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.089444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.52972" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.089444/lat 37.52972)">Catania</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.089444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.52972" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.089444/lat 37.52972)">Grotta Nuovalucello</a> I 1008 Si/CT (37°31’47”N 15°05’22”E).</p><p>Distribution. Italy (Sicily).</p><p>Diagnosis (♂ ♀). A large subterranean Roncus that differs from other Sicilian species of the genus in the following combination of characters: carapace with equilateral epistome, posterior border with 6 setae, eyes with weakly convex lens or reduced to ocular spot; tergite I mostly with 6 (rarely 5) setae; cheliceral palm with 6 setae; pedipalpal femur and chelal hand with weakly granular surface, patella nearly smooth; pedipalpal femur 1.38–1.85 mm length (4.76–5.34 ×), without tubercles on the paraxial face; patella 1.13–1.54 mm (2.98–3.45 ×), club/pedicel ratio = 1.5–1.7; chelal hand without microsetae proximal to trichobothrium eb and 3–5 microsetae between the trichobothria eb and esb; fixed chelal finger with trichobothrium isb at the same distance from both ist and ib; fixed and movable chelal fingers with 87–106 and 82–98 teeth, respectively; 26–29 teeth between the trichobothrium t and the apex of the movable chelal finger; movable chelal finger 1.37–1.71 mm length; ratio of movable chelal finger/hand of chela with pedicel 1.06–1.28; ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable chelal finger 0.98–1.11; ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.18–1.51.</p><p>Type material examined. ITALY — Sicily: Catania Prov: 1♀ holotype, 1♂ 1♀ paratypes labelled “ Sicilia, Catania, Grotta Nuovalucello I n. 8 Si/CT, 26.XI.1974, D. Caruso leg.”; 1♀ paratype, same data but 24.I.1974; 2♀ paratypes labelled “ Sicilia, Catania, S. Giovanni Galermo, Grotta di Marrano n. 28 Si/CT, 21.II.1975, D. Caruso leg. (Coll. G. Gardini, Genoa) .</p><p>Non-type material examined. ITALY — Sicily: Catania Prov.: 1D, Acicastello, Grotta di Zappalà 140 Si /CT, 24.III.1974, D. Caruso leg. ; 1♀, Adrano, Grotta di Monte Intralio 1007 Si /CT, 1370 m a.s.l., 20.I. 2022, G. Nicolosi leg. ; 1♂, id., 6.VII.2022, G. Nicolosi leg.; 1♂ 3♀, Adrano, Grotta di San Nicola (= del Santo) 1032 Si/CT, 1041 m a.s.l., 18.VI.2021, G. Nicolosi leg.; 2♂ 1♀, id., 2.VIII.2022, G. Nicolosi leg.; 1♂ 1♀ 1T, id., 20.XI.2022, G. Nicolosi leg.; 1♂ 3♀, Belpasso, Grotta Ampudda di Pisciteddu 146 Si/CT, 615 m a.s.l., 23.VI.2021, G. Nicolosi leg.; 1♂, id., 21.VII.2022, G. Nicolosi leg.; 1♀, Belpasso, Grotta Mezzasciara n.c. Si/CT, 776 m a.s.l., 21.VII.2022, G. Nicolosi leg. ; 1♀, Castiglione di Sicilia, Grotta di Monte Crisimo 170 Si/CT, 1348 m a.s.l., 22.VII.2022, G. Nicolosi leg. ; 1♀, id., Grotta di Monte Dolce 110 Si /CT, 847 m a.s.l., 13.VIII.2022, G. Nicolosi leg. ; 1T, id., Grotta di Monte Corruccio 1056 Si /CT, 1389 m a.s.l., 28.VIII.2020, G. Nicolosi leg. ; 1T, Catania, Grotta dei Roditori 234 Si /CT, 178 m a.s.l., 16.XII.2017, G. Nicolosi leg. ; 1♂, Catania, San Gioanni Galermo, Grotta Manganelli n.c. Si /CT, 303 m a.s.l., 22.IV.2019, G. Nicolosi leg. ; 2♀, Linguaglossa, Grotta dei Rotoli 1239 Si/CT, 1488 m a.s.l., 20.VIII.2020, G. Nicolosi leg. ; 1♀, id., 8.VI.2021, G. Nicolosi leg.; 1♂, id., 6.I.2022, G. Nicolosi leg.; 6♂ 6♀ 1T (remains), id., 13.VIII.2022, G. Nicolosi leg.; 2♀, Linguaglossa, Grotta del Porcospino 1033 Si /CT, 982 m a.s.l., 28.VII.2021, G. Nicolosi leg. ; 1♀, id., 29.VII.2021, G. Nicolosi leg.; 1♀, id., 13.VIII.2022, G. Nicolosi leg.; 1♀, Linguaglossa, Grotta di Piano Porcaia 101 Si /CT, 1110 m a.s.l., 28.VII.2001, G. Nicolosi leg. ; 1♀, id., 5.VI.2018, G. Nicolosi leg.; 1♀, id., 14.VIII.2022, G. Nicolosi leg.; 3♂ 2♀ 1T, Mascali, Grotta Forcato 1013 Si/CT, 670 m a.s.l., 28.VIII.2020, G. Nicolosi leg. ; 1♂ 2♀ 1T (remains), id., 23.XII.2020, G. Nicolosi leg.; 5♂ 7♀ 1T, id., 1.VIII.2021, G. Nicolosi leg.; 2♂ 1♀, id., 21.I.2022, G. Nicolosi leg.; 1♂ 1♀, id., 13.VIII.2022, G. Nicolosi leg.; 1♀ 1T, Milo, Grotta Serracozzo 1065 Si /CT, 1840 m a.s.l., 30.XII.2020, G. Nicolosi leg. ; 1♂ 1♀ (remains), Milo, Mount Etna slope, 9.VII.2020, G. Nicolosi leg. in MSS ; 1♀, id., 30.XI.2020, G. Nicolosi leg. in MSS; 1♂, Nicolosi, Grotta Lunga (= Grotta di Monpeloso) 1029 Si/CT, 820 m a.s.l., 20.XI.2016, G. Nicolosi leg. ; 3♂ 5♀, id., 16.VI.2021, G. Nicolosi leg.; 6♂ 10♀, id., 21.VII.2022, G. Nicolosi leg.; 3♀, Randazzo, Grotta delle Femmine 1046 Si /CT, 1610 m a.s.l., 3.VIII.2021, G. Nicolosi leg. ; 1♀, id., 10.VIII.2022, G. Nicolosi leg.; 2♂ 3♀, Trecastagni, Grotta di Monte Cicirello 1156 Si/CT, 990 m a.s.l., 29.XII.2020, G. Nicolosi leg. ; 1T, id., 10.VI.2021, G. Nicolosi leg.; 3♀, id., 14.I.2022, G. Nicolosi leg.; 2♂, id., 21.VII.2022, G. Nicolosi leg.; 1♀, Zafferana Etnea, Grotta di Monte Arcimis 1031 Si/CT, 1164 m a.s.l., 31.VI.2021, G. Nicolosi leg. Sicily: Messina Prov.: 1♂ 2♀, Monti Nebrodi, San Fratello, Passo dei Tre, 800 m a.s.l., VI.2018, P. Magrini leg. Sicily: Palermo Prov.: 2♂ 2♀ 1T 1D, Cefalù, Abisso del Gatto 245 Si/PA, 380 m a.s.l., 10.VI.2017, G. Nicolosi leg .</p><p>Description of adults (♂ ♀). Carapace, chelicerae, pedipalps and palpal coxae red-brown; pedipalpal femur and chelal hand with weakly granular surface, patella nearly smooth, pleural membrane granulate. Carapace 1.29–1.62 (♂ ♀) times as long as broad, anterior margin with equilateral epistome apically blunt (0.04–0.07 mm length); two weak eyes with a slightly convex lens (Fig. 29) or reduced to ocular spots; anterior lateral process acute, slightly prominent; subbasal transverse furrow present; standard chaetotaxy 4:8:6:6 (rarely anterior row with 5 setae, ocular row with 9, median row with 7 and posterior row with 7 setae), subocular setae absent. Chaetotaxy of tergites I–X (♂ ♀): 6–7:6–9:8–10:9–11:10–11:10–11:10–11:10–11:10–11:8–9 (probable standard chaetotaxy: 6:6:10:11:11:11:1 1:11:11:9). Chaetotaxy of sternites II–X (♂): 21–27:(3)10–17(3):(3)9–12(3):12:12:12:12:12:11, lateral genital sacs tubular, median genital sac pear-shaped, reaching the base of sternite IV, genital atrium with 2+2 (rarely 2+3 setae); anterior and posterior margin of genital opening with 9–13 and 6–7 setae, respectively; chaetotaxy of sternites II–X (♀): 9–15:(3)12–17(3):(3)9–10(3):11–13:12–15:12–15:12–14:11–13:10–12, sternite III–IV rarely with 4 setae on stigmata. Chelicera (Fig. 30) 1.94–2.13 (♂ ♀) times as long as broad, palm with 6 setae (rarely the same specimen with 5 and 6 or 6 and 7 setae); fixed finger with 10–18 pointed and spaced teeth, plus some distal teeth that are small, contiguous and flat; movable finger with 10–15 teeth, the largest just distad gs; gs ratio 0.67–0.72, spinneret barely noticeable in both sexes; rallum with one short proximal blade and 7 (rarely 6) longer blades, all blades anteriorly combed, also the first, which is apparently smooth; serrulae interior and exterior with 26 and 38–40 blades, respectively. Manducatory process with 4 setae. Coxal setae (♂ ♀): pedipalp 7–10, I 6–8, II 6–8, III 5 (rarely 6), IV 7–9 (probable standard chaetotaxy: 8:7:7:5:8); anterolateral process of coxa I stubby and pointed, anteromedial process not prominent, rounded (Fig. 31). Pedipalp (Figs 32, 34–38): trochanter weakly granular dorsally, 2.56–2.89 (♂ ♀) times as long as broad, with three small tubercles with lyrifissure on antiaxial face; femur 5.16–5.34 (♂) or 4.76–5.27 (♀) times as long as broad, gradually enlarged in the basal third, subparallel in the two distal thirds, with one tubercle proximally the half of the antiaxial face, 1–2 weak dorso-distal tubercles with glandular pore, tubercles on the paraxial face absent, granulation as in figs 32, 36; patella 3.19–3.45 (♂) or 2.98–3.33 (♀) times as long as broad, with one weak dorso-distal tubercle with glandular pore and 1–3 micropore at base of dorsal face of pedicel; club/pedicel ratio of patella (♂ ♀) = 1.5–1.7; chela with pedicel 4.31–4.82 (♂) or 3.77–4.25 (♀) times as long as broad; hand of chela with pedicel 2.00–2.27 (♂) or 1.90–2.09 (♀) times as long as broad, with oval profile and its greatest width in the proximal third (dorsal view), granulation as in figs 34–35, 37–38; chelal hand with a tubercle with a glandular pore on the antiaxial face close to the movable finger base and one micropore at base of dorsal face of pedicel; 3–5 microsetae between the trichobothria eb and esb (microsetae proximal eb absent) (Figs 35–38); fixed chelal finger with 93–98 (♂) or 87–106 (♀) contiguous and weakly pointed teeth; nodus ramosus subterminal; movable chelal finger with 83–89 (♂) or 82–98 (♀) teeth (5–6 teeth occupying 0.1 mm) with flat apex, apart from the distals which are pointed (Figs 35, 38); 26–29 teeth between the trichobothrium t and the apex of the movable finger; marginal sensillum at the level or distal the trichobothrium sb (rarely proximal sb); all teeth with dental canals; trichobothria as in figs 34–35, 37–38, relative position of trichobothria along chelal axis (♂ ♀): et 0.13–0.14/ it 0.175–0.20/ est 0.245 –0.28/ ist 0.45–0.50/ isb 0.64–0.675/ ib 0.77–0.86/ esb 0.83–0.89/ eb 0.90–0.93/ t 0.19–0.23/ st 0.32–0.38/ sb 0.58–0.63/ b 0.84–0.88; trichobothrium isb halfway between ib and ist, trichobothrium est halfway between t and st; ratio of movable chelal finger/hand of chela with pedicel 1.11–1.28 (♂) or 1.06–1.22 (♀); ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable finger 0.98–1.09 (♂) or 1.04–1.11 (♀); ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.23–1.42 (♂) or 1.18–1.51 (♀). Leg IV (Fig. 33): trochanter 2.39–2.50 (♂ ♀) times as long as deep, femur + patella 3.57–4.56 (♂ ♀) times as long as deep, tibia 6.55–8.72 (♂ ♀) times (TS = 0.51–0.59), basitarsus 3.33–4.36 (♂ ♀) times (TS = 0.15–0.22), telotarsus 5.18–6.67 (♂ ♀) times as long as deep (TS = 0.32–0.45), ratio of basitarsus/telotarsus 0.66– 0.76 (♂ ♀), subterminal seta furcate, claws with dorsal tooth.</p><p>Measurements. Body length 3.8–5.8 (♂ ♀). Carapace 1.04–1.20 × 0.77–0.80 anteriorly (♂) or 1.08–1.34 × 0.76–0.91 anteriorly (♀). Chelicera 0.65–0.76 × 0.32–0.385 (♂) or 0.71–0.87 × 0.35–0.42 (♀); movable finger length 0.44–0.51 (♂) or 0.48–0.60 (♀). Pedipalp: trochanter 0.75–0.94 × 0.285–0.33 (♂) or 0.80–1.12 × 0.295–0.39 (♀); femur 1.38–1.71 × 0.265–0.32 (♂) or 1.425–1.85 × 0.27–0.38 (♀); patella 1.13–1.45 × 0.335–0.42 (♂) or 1.15–1.54 × 0.36–0.50 (♀); chela with pedicel 2.34–2.80 × 0.485–0.65 (♂) or 2.35–3.00 × 0.575 –0.795 (♀); hand with pedicel length 1.10–1.41 (♂) or 1.15–1.59 (♀); movable finger length 1.37–1.57 (♂) or 1.37–1.71 (♀). Leg IV: trochanter 0.50–0.66 × 0.22–0.27 (♂ ♀); femur + patella 1.25–1.50 × 0.29–0.35 (♂) or 1.25–1.62 × 0.30–0.40 (♀); tibia 1.17–1.45 × 0.16–0.18 (♂) or 1.17–1.62 × 0.15–0.21 (♀); basitarsus 0.44–0.54 × 0.12–0.14 (♂) or 0.44–0.61 × 0.125–0.16 (♀); telotarsus 0.625–0.80 × 0.11–0.12 (♂) or 0.64–0.815 × 0.11–0.14 (♀).</p><p>Description of tritonymph. Carapace, chelicerae, pedipalps and palpal coxae red-brown pale; pedipalpal femur and chelal hand with weakly granular surface, patella smooth, pleural membrane granulate. Carapace 1.43–1.67 times as long as broad, eyes reduced to ocular spots, rarely with a flat lens; anterior margin with broad epistome apically rounded; chaetotaxy 4:8:6:6 (rarely 4:8:8:6). Chaetotaxy of tergites I–X: 6:6:8–9:8–10:11:11:11:11:11:9. Chaetotaxy of sternites II–X: 3:(2)7–8(2):(2)7–8(2):10–13:11–13:13:13:13:11–12. Chelicera 1.92–2.02 times as long as broad, palm with 6 setae; fixed finger with 11–12 pointed and spaced teeth, and 5-6 distal teeth that are small, contiguous and flat; movable finger with 10–12 teeth, the largest just distad gs; gs ratio 0.70–0.75, spinneret just prominent and wide; rallum with one short proximal blade and 6 longer blades, all blades anteriorly combed, also the first, which is apparently smooth. Manducatory process with 3 setae. Coxal setae: pedipalp 7–8, I 6–7, II 5–6, III 5, IV 7; anterolateral process of coxa I stubby and pointed, anteromedial process not prominent, rounded. Pedipalp: trochanter 2.34–2.47 times as long as broad; femur weakly granulate, 4.27–4.72 times as long as broad, with one tubercle proximally the half of the antiaxial face, one weak dorso-distal tubercle with glandular pore, and without tubercles on the paraxial face; patella with smooth surface, 2.81–3.33 times as long as broad, with one weak dorso-distal tubercle with glandular pore and one or two micropores at base of dorsal face of pedicel; chela with pedicel 3.65–4.22 times as long as deep; hand of chela with pedicel 1.84–2.01 times as long as deep, weakly granulate, with 2–4 microsetae between the trichobothria eb and esb (microsetae proximal eb absent); fixed chelal finger with 63–74 contiguous and pointed teeth; nodus ramosus subterminal; movable chelal finger with 64–71 flat apex teeth, apart from the distals which are pointed; 27–30 teeth between the trichobothrium t and the apex of the movable finger; marginal sensillum at the level of the 6th–13th teeth proximal the trichobothrium st; all teeth with dental canals; relative position of trichobothria along chelal axis: et 0.17–0.185/ it 0.22–0.265/ est 0.30 –0.33/ ist 0.48–0.515/ ib 0.78–0.795/ esb 0.83–0.84/ eb 0.895–0.93/ t 0.285 –0.325 / st 0.52–0.56/ b 0.83–0.85; ratio of movable chelal finger/hand of chela with pedicel 1.12–1.26; ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable finger 0.99–1.07; ratio of pedipalpal femur and carapace 1.10–1.23. Leg IV: trochanter 2.02–2.18 times as long as deep, femur + patella 3.74– 4.14 times as long as deep, tibia 5.57–6.83 times (TS = 0.47–0.54), basitarsus 2.87–3.27 times (TS = 0.16–0.20), telotarsus 4.18–5.11 times as long as deep (TS = 0.32–0.38), ratio of basitarsus/telotarsus 0.60–0.64, subterminal seta furcate, claws with dorsal tooth.</p><p>Measurements. Body length 3.0–3.7. Carapace 0.80–0.93 × 0.53–0.65 anteriorly. Chelicera 0.48–0.595 × 0.25– 0.30; movable finger length 0.32–0.385. Pedipalp: trochanter 0.50–0.65 × 0.21–0.28; femur 0.94–1.15 × 0.20–0.265; patella 0.73–0.93 × 0.24–0.33; chela with pedicel 1.54–1.88 × 0.365 –0.515); hand with pedicel length 0.735–0.95; movable finger length 0.90–1.07. Leg IV: trochanter 0.33–0.415 × 0.155–0.19; femur + patella 0.83–1.03 × 0.21– 0.275; tibia 0.76–0.94 × 0.12–0.145; basitarsus 0.275 –0.345 × 0.09–0.12; telotarsus 0.46–0.54 × 0.09–0.11.</p><p>Remarks. Roncus aetnensis was described by Gardini &amp; Rizzerio (1987) based on specimens of both sexes from the volcanic caves Grotta Nuovalucello I 1008 Si/CT and Grotta di Marrano 028 Si/CT, both near Catania, and was doubtfully attributed by them to the Hyblean-Maltese-Tunisian species of the Roncus siculus group (i.e., Roncus siculus, Roncus comasi, Roncus carusoi Gardini &amp; Rizzerio, 1987 and Roncus melitensis). The species is widespread in the Etna area, occurring in many lava tubes, as in the MSS (Milo near Catania), and is also recorded from a cave in the Madonie Mts near Cefalù (Abisso del Gatto 245 Si/PA) and from endogean habitat from the Nebrodi Mountains (San Fratello).</p><p>Despite a notable degree of adaptive morphological modifications, Roncus aetnensis appears to be primarily associated with the MSS and to have colonized lava tubes from Etna relatively recently, as suggested by Gardini &amp; Rizzerio (1987). Although Etna's subaerial eruptive activity dates back more than 200 ka, to the Middle Pleistocene, the lava flows that formed the lava tubes are likely much more recent, resulting from summit and side craters that occurred from 15 ka to the present during the last Etna effusive phase, known as the Mongibello volcanics (Branca et al. 2011; Mammino &amp; Santonocito 2014).</p><p>Despite the affinities of Roncus aetnensis being uncertain, it shows strong morphological convergence with Roncus gallettiae sp. nov. from the cave Dolina di Galermi 6020 Si/RG near Ragusa (Iblean Plateau), from which it differs mainly in the different club/pedicel ratio of the pedipalpal patella [1.46–1.63 × (♂) or 1.52–1.77 × (♀) in Roncus aetnensis, 1.30 × (♂) or 1.38 × (♀) in Roncus gallettiae sp. nov.] and in the position on the fixed pedipalpal finger of the trichobothrium isb in relation to ist and ib (isb halfway between ist and ib in Roncus aetnensis, isb closer to ist than to ib in Roncus gallettiae sp. nov.).</p><p>The above redescription of Roncus aetnensis partially includes those of Gardini &amp; Rizzerio (1987), and confirms, in all examined specimens, the absence of tubercles on the paraxial face of pedipalpal femur.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/176F87DAFFCCFFBEFF4CFF7883DFF806	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gardini, Giulio;Gardini, Pietro	Gardini, Giulio, Gardini, Pietro (2026): The epigean and subterranean pseudoscorpions of the genus Roncus from Sicily, with description of new species (Pseudoscorpiones: Neobisiidae). Zootaxa 5763 (2): 151-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.2.1
176F87DAFFD6FFA0FF4CFF78878AFDF2.text	176F87DAFFD6FFA0FF4CFF78878AFDF2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Roncus bavierai Gardini & Gardini 2026	<div><p>Roncus bavierai sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 39–47, 114)</p><p>Type locality: Italy, Sicily, Palermo Province, Piana degli Albanesi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.265833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.0025" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.265833/lat 38.0025)">Monte Pizzuta</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.265833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.0025" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.265833/lat 38.0025)">Grotta del Garrone</a> 160 Si/PA (38°00’09”N 13°15’57”E).</p><p>Distribution. Italy (Sicily).</p><p>Diagnosis (♂ ♀). A small-sized highly troglomorphic Roncus that differs from other Sicilian species of the genus in the following combination of characters: carapace without eyes or eye spots, with triangular epistome, posterior border with 6 setae; tergite I with 6 setae; cheliceral palm with 6 setae; anterior margin of genital opening of male with 38 setae; pedipalpal femur and chelal hand with a moderately granular surface, patella smooth; pedipalpal femur gradually clavate, 1.03–1.18 mm length (5.02–5.15 ×), without tubercles on the paraxial face; patella with elongated club with subparallel sides, 0.83–0.98 mm (3.25–3.38 ×), club/pedicel ratio = 1.62–1.65; chelal hand with no microsetae both proximal to the trichobothrium eb and between eb-esb; fixed and movable chelal fingers with 98–110 and 102–108 teeth, respectively; 34–35 teeth between the trichobothrium t and the apex of the movable chelal finger; movable chelal finger 1.15–1.33 mm length; ratio of movable chelal finger/hand of chela with pedicel 1.53–1.60; ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable chelal finger lengths 0.88–0.89; ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.21–1.32.</p><p>Type material. ITALY — Sicily: Palermo Province: 1♀ holotype (not treated with lactic acid), Piana degli Albanesi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.265833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.0025" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.265833/lat 38.0025)">Monte Pizzuta</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.265833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.0025" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.265833/lat 38.0025)">Grotta del Garrone</a> 160 Si/PA, 1100 m a.s.l., 5.IV.2013, P. Magrini leg. (MHNG); Paratypes: 1♂ 1♀ (in poor condition), same data as holotype but 4.IV.2011, P. Magrini leg. (coll. G. Gardini, Genoa) .</p><p>Derivatio nominis. Dedicated to Cosimo Baviera (University of Messina) in gratitude for having provided the numerous pseudoscorpion specimens collected during his careful and repeated fieldwork throughout Sicily.</p><p>Description of adults (♂ ♀). Carapace, chelicerae, pedipalps and palpal coxae yellowish; pedipalpal femur and chelal hand with moderately granular surface, patella smooth, pleural membrane granulate. Carapace 1.43–1.54 (♂ ♀) times as long as broad, anterior margin with triangular epistome apically blunt; no eyes or eye spots (Fig. 39); anterior lateral process obtuse, not prominent; weak subbasal transverse furrow present; chaetotaxy 4:8:6:6, subocular setae absent. Chaetotaxy of tergites I–X (♂ ♀): 6:9–10:11:11–12:11:11:11:11:11:9 Chaetotaxy of sternites II–X (♂): 38:(3)10?(3):(3)10(3):15:13:14:13:13:12, lateral and median genital sacs not seen, genital atrium with 2+2 setae; genital area as in fig. 41, anterior margin of genital opening with 38 (!) setae; chaetotaxy of sternites II–IX (♀): 9:(3)14(3):(3)12(3):13:14:14:14:12. Chelicera 2.00–2.03 (♂ ♀) times as long as broad, palm with 6 setae; fixed and movable cheliceral finger with about 10–15 (worn) teeth; movable finger with the largest tooth just distad gs; gs ratio 0.64–0.66, spinneret barely noticeable in both sexes; rallum with one short proximal blade and 7 or 8 longer blades, all blades anteriorly combed, also the first, which is apparently smooth; serrulae interior and exterior with about 28 and 30 blades, respectively. Manducatory process with 4 setae. Coxal setae (♂ ♀): pedipalp 7, I 7–8, II 7, III 5, IV 8; anterolateral process of coxa I stubby and pointed, anteromedial process not prominent, rounded (Fig. 40). Pedipalp (Figs 42–47): trochanter 2.50–2.85 (♂ ♀) times as long as broad, with a tubercle with lyrifissure on antiaxial face; femur 5.02 (♂) or 5.15 (♀) times as long as broad, gradually enlarged from the base, tubercles on the paraxial face absent, granulation as in figs 42, 45; patella with smooth surface, 3.38 (♂) or 3.25 (♀) times as long as broad, with one weak dorso-distal tubercle with glandular pore and one or three micropores at base of dorsal face of pedicel; club/pedicel ratio of patella (♂ ♀) = 1.60–1.65; chela with pedicel 4.55 (♂) or 4.58 (♀) times as long as broad [4.94 (♂) or 4.77 (♀) times as long as deep]; hand of chela with pedicel 1.84 (♂) or 1.92 (♀) times as long as broad [2.0 (♂ ♀) times as long as deep], with oval profile and its greatest width in the proximal third (dorsal view), granulation as in figs 43–44, 46–47; chelal hand with a tubercle with a glandular pore on the antiaxial face close to the movable finger base and one micropore at base of dorsal face of pedicel; microsetae between the trichobothria eb and esb and microsetae proximal eb absent (Figs 44, 47); fixed chelal finger with 110 (♂) or 98 (♀) contiguous and weakly pointed teeth; nodus ramosus subterminal; movable chelal finger with 108 (♂) or 102 (♀) teeth (8–9 teeth occupying 0.1 mm) with flat apex teeth, apart from the distals which are pointed (Figs 44, 47); 34–35 teeth between the trichobothrium t and the apex of the movable finger; marginal sensillum at the level of the trichobothrium sb; all teeth with dental canals; trichobothria as in figs 43–44, 46–47, relative position of trichobothria along chelal axis (♂ ♀): et 0.14–0.17/ it 0.225 –0.265 / est 0.30 –0.31/ ist 0.425–0.45/ isb 0.665–0.70/ ib 0.84/ esb 0.905–0.91/ eb 0.95– 0.96/ t 0.24–0.26/ st 0.41–0.42/ sb 0.655–0.72/ b 0.87–0.88; trichobothrium isb closer to ib than to ist, trichobothrium est closer to t than to st; ratio of movable chelal finger/hand of chela with pedicel 1.60 (♂) or 1.53 (♀); ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable finger 0.88 (♂) or 0.89 (♀); ratio of pedipalpal femur and carapace 1.32 (♂) or 1.21 (♀). Leg IV: trochanter 2.27 (♀) times as long as deep, femur + patella 4.04 (♀) times as long as deep, tibia 6.83 (♀) times (TS = 0.64), basitarsus 3.15 (♀) times (TS = 0.18), telotarsus 5.41 (♀) times as long as deep (TS = 0.38), ratio of basitarsus/telotarsus 0.65 (♀), subterminal seta furcate, claws with dorsal tooth.</p><p>Measurements. Body length 2.25 (♀). Carapace 0.89 × 0.62 anteriorly (♂) or 0.85 × 0.55 anteriorly (♀). Chelicera 0.56 × 0.28 (♂) or 0.54 × 0.265 (♀); movable finger length 0.385 (♂) or 0.36 (♀). Pedipalp: trochanter 0.60 × 0.24 (♂) or 0.57 × 0.20 (♀); femur 1.18 × 0.235 (♂) or 1.03 × 0.20 (♀); patella 0.98 × 0.29 (♂) or 0.83 × 0.255 (♀); chela with pedicel 2.05 × 0.45 (depth 0.415) (♂) or 1.79 × 0.39 (depth 0.375) (♀); hand with pedicel length 0.83 (♂) or 0.75 (♀); movable finger length 1.33 (♂) or 1.15 (♀). Leg IV: trochanter 0.375 × 0.165 (♀); femur + patella 0.89 × 0.22 (♀); tibia 0.82 × 0.12 (♀); basitarsus 0.30 × 0.095 (♀); telotarsus 0.46 × 0.085 (♀).</p><p>Remarks. The affinities of Roncus bavierai sp. nov. remain unknown at present. This small species, which is highly specialised to the subterranean habitat, exhibit several distinctive characteristics that are not found in any of the other known Sicilian―or even Sardinian― Roncus . The chelal fingers are more than one and a half times as long as the hand [ratio between movable finger and hand of chela with pedicel lengths 1.60 (♂) or 1.53 (♀)] and have a very high number of teeth in relation to the fingers size [fixed chelal finger with 110 (♂) or 98 (♀), movable chelal finger with 108 (♂) or 102 (♀) teeth; movable chelal finger with 8–9 teeth occupying 0.1 mm]. In addition, the pedipalpal femur is shorter than the movable chelal finger (femur/finger ratio 0.88–0.89) and the male genital operculum (sternite II) bears a dense cluster of 38 setae (Fig. 41), whereas all other Sicilian species have no more than 27.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/176F87DAFFD6FFA0FF4CFF78878AFDF2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gardini, Giulio;Gardini, Pietro	Gardini, Giulio, Gardini, Pietro (2026): The epigean and subterranean pseudoscorpions of the genus Roncus from Sicily, with description of new species (Pseudoscorpiones: Neobisiidae). Zootaxa 5763 (2): 151-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.2.1
176F87DAFFD3FFABFF4CFF78865CFB82.text	176F87DAFFD3FFABFF4CFF78865CFB82.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Roncus gallettiae Gardini & Gardini 2026	<div><p>Roncus gallettiae sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 48–57, 114)</p><p>Type locality: Italy, Sicily, Ragusa Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=14.695833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.866108" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 14.695833/lat 36.866108)">Ragusa</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=14.695833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.866108" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 14.695833/lat 36.866108)">Dolina di Galermi</a> 6020 Si/RG (36°51’58”N 14°41’45”E).</p><p>Distribution. Italy (Sicily).</p><p>Diagnosis (♂ ♀). A large troglomorphic Roncus that differs from other Sicilian species of the genus in the following combination of characters: carapace with eyes with a slightly convex lens, epistome pointed triangular, posterior border with 6 setae; tergite I with 6–8 setae; cheliceral palm with 6 setae; pedipalpal femur and chelal hand with granular surface, patella smooth; pedipalpal femur gradually narrowed in the basal third, 1.65–1.72 mm length (5.13–5.32 ×), without tubercles on the paraxial face; patella 1.38–1.40 mm (3.22–3.45 ×), club/pedicel ratio = 1.30–1.38; chelal hand without microsetae proximal to the trichobothrium eb, with 8 microsetae between eb-esb; fixed and movable chelal fingers with 97–100 and 89–92 teeth, respectively; 27 teeth between the trichobothrium t and the apex of the movable chelal finger; fixed chelal finger with trichobothrium isb closer to ist than to ib; movable chelal finger 1.60–1.61 mm length; ratio of movable chelal finger/hand of chela with pedicel 1.11–1.21; ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable chelal finger 1.03–1.07; ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.34–1.42.</p><p>Type material. ITALY — Sicily: Ragusa Prov: 1♂ holotype (body and non-dissected appendages not treated with lactic acid), Ragusa, Dolina di Galermi 6020 Si /RG, 410 m a.s.l., 7.VII.2000, I. Galletti leg. (MHNG); Paratypes: 1♀, same data as holotype (coll. G. Gardini, Genoa) .</p><p>Derivatio nominis. Named after its collector, Iolanda Galletti (C.I.R.S. Centro Ibleo di Ricerche Speleo-Idrogeologiche, Ragusa), in recognition of her contribution to the knowledge of the subterranean fauna of Sicily.</p><p>Description of adults (♂ ♀). Carapace, chelicerae, pedipalps and palpal coxae red-brown; pedipalpal femur and chelal hand with granular surface, patella smooth, pleural membrane granulate. Carapace 1.56–1.58 (♂ ♀) times as long as broad, anterior margin with prominent triangular epistome, eyes with flat lens (Fig. 48); anterior lateral process acute, slightly prominent; weak subbasal transverse furrow present, chaetotaxy 4:8:6:6, subocular setae absent. Chaetotaxy of tergites I–X (♂): 6:9:11:11:11:11:11:11:11:9, (♀): 8:8:10: 11:11:11:11:11:11:9. Chaetotaxy of sternites II–X (♂): 20?:(4)16(4):(4)12(4):14:14:14:14:14:13, lateral and median genital sacs and genital atrium not seen; chaetotaxy of sternites II–X (♀): 9?:(4)12(4):(4)14(4):14:15:5:15:15:13. Chelicera (Fig. 49) 1.93–2.00 (♂ ♀) times as long as broad, palm with 6 setae; fixed and movable cheliceral finger with 14 and 15–17 worn teeth, respectively; movable finger with the largest teeth just distad gs; gs ratio 0.74–0.76, spinneret not very prominent in both sexes; rallum with one short proximal blade and 7 to 9 longer blades, all blades anteriorly combed; serrula exterior with about 35 blades. Manducatory process with 4 setae. Coxal setae (♂ ♀): pedipalp 8, I 6, II 6, III 5, IV 8; anterolateral process of coxa I squat and pointed, anteromedial process not prominent, rounded (Fig. 50). Pedipalp (Figs 51, 53–57): trochanter weakly granulated, 2.71 (♂) or 2.59 (♀) times as long as broad, with 3 small tubercles with lyrifissure on antiaxial face; femur 5.32 (♂) or 5.13 (♀) times as long as broad, pedipalpal femur gradually narrowed in the basal third, without tubercles on the paraxial face and one dorso-distal small tubercle with glandular pore, granulation as in figs 51, 55; patella smooth, 3.45 (♂) or 3.22 (♀) times as long as broad, with 1–2 small dorso-distal tubercles with glandular pore and 1–2 micropores at base of dorsal face of pedicel; club/pedicel ratio of patella 1.30 (♂) or 1.38 (♀); chela with pedicel 4.34 (♂) or 3.87 (♀) times as long as broad; hand of chela with pedicel 2.14 (♂) or 2.01 (♀) times as long as broad, with oval profile and its maximum width just before the middle (dorsal view), granulation as in figs 53–54, 56–57; chelal hand with one small tubercle with glandular pore on the antiaxial face close to the movable finger base; 8 microsetae between the trichobothria eb and esb, microsetae proximal eb absent (Figs 54, 57); fixed chelal finger with 100 (♂) or 97 (♀) contiguous and weakly pointed teeth; nodus ramosus subterminal; movable chelal finger with 92 (♂) or 89 (♀) teeth (5–6 teeth occupying 0.1 mm) with flat apex, apart from the distals which are pointed; 27 teeth between the trichobothrium t and the apex of the movable finger; marginal sensillum halfway between trichobothria sb–st; all teeth with dental canals; trichobothria as in figs 53–54, 56–57, relative position of trichobothria along chelal axis (♂ then ♀): et 0.13–0.14/ it 0.17–0.155/ est 0.27 / ist 0.455–0.45/ isb 0.57–0.575/ ib 0.77–0.76/ esb 0.84–0.845/ eb 0.90–0.91/ t 0.20–0.24/ st 0.35–0.38/ sb 0.60/ b 0.85–0.86; trichobothrium isb closer to ist than to ib, trichobothrium est halfway between t and st or closer to t than to st; ratio of movable chelal finger/hand of chela with pedicel 1.21 (♂) or 1.11 (♀); ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable finger 1.03 (♂) or 1.07 (♀); ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.42 (♂) or 1.34 (♀). Leg IV (Fig. 52): trochanter 2.26 (♂) or 2.58 (♀) times as long as deep, femur + patella 3.94 (♂) or 3.83 (♀) times as long as deep, tibia 8.36 (TS = 0.56) (♂) or 7.63 (TS = 0.57) (♀), basitarsus 3.84 (TS = 0.18) (♂) or 3.57 (TS = 0.145) (♀), telotarsus 6.54 (TS = 0.43) (♂) or 5.91 (TS = 0.43) (♀) times as long as deep; ratio of basitarsus/telotarsus 0.69 (♂) or 0.70 (♀), subterminal seta furcate, claws with dorsal tooth.</p><p>Measurements. Body length 3.5 (♂) or 4.1 (♀). Carapace 1.16 × 0.74 anteriorly (♂) or 1.28 × 0.81 anteriorly (♀). Chelicera 0.715 × 0.37 (♂) or 0.80 × 0.40 (♀); movable finger length 0.495 (♂) or 0.54 (♀). Pedipalp: trochanter 0.91 × 0.335 (♂) or 0.96 × 0.37 (♀); femur 1.65 × 0.31 (♂) or 1.72 × 0.335 (♀); patella 1.38 × 0.40 (♂) or 1.40 × 0.435 (♀); chela with pedicel 2.67 × 0.615 (depth 0.60) (♂) or 2.79 × 0.72 (depth 0.71) (♀); hand with pedicel length 1.32 (♂) or 1.45 (♀); movable finger length 1.60 (♂) or 1.61 (♀). Leg IV: trochanter 0.52 × 0.23 (♂) or 0.62 × 0.24 (♀); femur + patella 1.38 × 0.35 (♂) or 1.42 × 0.37 (♀); tibia 1.38 × 0.165 (♂) or 1.45 × 0.19 (♀); basitarsus 0.50 × 0.13 (♂) or 0.50 × 0.14 (♀); telotarsus 0.72 × 0.11 (♂) or 0.71 × 0.12 (♀).</p><p>Remarks. Roncus gallettiae sp. nov. shows weak adaptive modifications to the subterranean habitat and exhibits morphological convergences with Roncus aetnensis, a frequent species in Etna's lava tubes. For a comparison between the two species, see the Remarks under Roncus aetnensis .</p><p>Within the subterranean Roncus of the Hyblean Plateau, Roncus gallettiae sp. nov. differs from Roncus siculus in the presence of eyes with weak lens (versus eye spots in Roncus siculus), the absence of tubercles on the paraxial face of the femur (1–3 tubercles in Roncus siculus), the presence of 8 microsetae between the trichobothria esb–eb (2–3 microsetae in Roncus siculus) and its larger size: pedipalpal femur (♂ ♀) 1.65–1.72 mm long (1.36–1.59 mm in Roncus siculus), pedipalpal chela 2.67–2.79 mm (2.35–2.61 mm in Roncus siculus), movable chelal finger 1.60–1.61 mm (1.30–1.51 mm in Roncus siculus).</p><p>Roncus gallettiae sp. nov. differs from Roncus hyblaeus sp. nov. in the presence of eyes with weak lens (versus eye spots in Roncus hyblaeus sp. nov.), the absence of tubercles on the paraxial face of the femur (1–3 tubercles in Roncus hyblaeus sp. nov.), its larger size: pedipalpal femur (♂ ♀) 1.65–1.72 mm long (1.42–1.65 mm in Roncus hyblaeus sp. nov.), pedipalpal patella 1.38–1.40 mm (1.15–1.35 mm in Roncus hyblaeus sp. nov.), and especially in having the club more slender (length/width ratio of the patella 3.22–3.45 × in Roncus gallettiae sp. nov., 2.64–2.91 × in Roncus hyblaeus sp. nov.).</p><p>The type locality of Roncus gallettiae sp. nov., the Dolina di Galermi cave, is 51 km and 52 km from the type localities of Roncus siculus (Grotta di Palombara) and Roncus hyblaeus sp. nov. (Grotta Villasmundo), respectively.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/176F87DAFFD3FFABFF4CFF78865CFB82	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gardini, Giulio;Gardini, Pietro	Gardini, Giulio, Gardini, Pietro (2026): The epigean and subterranean pseudoscorpions of the genus Roncus from Sicily, with description of new species (Pseudoscorpiones: Neobisiidae). Zootaxa 5763 (2): 151-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.2.1
176F87DAFFDFFFAEFF4CFB8C844FF92E.text	176F87DAFFDFFFAEFF4CFB8C844FF92E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Roncus hyblaeus Gardini & Gardini 2026	<div><p>Roncus hyblaeus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 58–66, 114)</p><p>Roncus siculus: Gardini &amp; Rizzerio 1987: 67 (Grotta Villasmundo).</p><p>Type locality: Italy, Sicily, Syracuse Province, Melilli, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.100556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.217224" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.100556/lat 37.217224)">Grotta Villasmundo</a> 7032 Si/SR (37°13’02”N 15°06’02”E) .</p><p>Distribution. Italy (Sicily).</p><p>Diagnosis (♂ ♀). A large troglomorphic Roncus that differs from other Sicilian species of the genus in the following combination of characters: carapace with eye spots, with triangular epistome, posterior border with 6 setae; tergite I with 6 setae; cheliceral palm with 6 setae; pedipalpal femur and chelal hand with granular surface, patella smooth; pedipalpal femur gradually narrowed in the basal third, 1.42–1.65 mm length (4.44–5.13 ×), with 1–2 (rarely 3) tubercles on the paraxial face; patella 1.15–1.35 mm (2.64–2.91 ×), with globular club, club/pedicel ratio = 1.30–1.65; chelal hand globular (dorsal view), without microsetae proximal to the trichobothrium eb, with 2–9 microsetae between eb-esb; fixed and movable chelal fingers with 90–94 and 85–87 teeth, respectively; 23–27 teeth between the trichobothrium t and the apex of the movable chelal finger; movable chelal finger 1.35–1.58 mm length; ratio of movable chelal finger/hand of chela with pedicel 1.15–1.25; ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable chelal finger 0.96–1.06; ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.28–1.38.</p><p>Type material. ITALY — Sicily: Syracuse Prov: 1♀ holotype (not treated with lactic acid), Melilli, Grotta Villasmundo 7032 Si/SR, 130 m a.s.l., 5.VI.2019, G. Nicolosi leg. (MHNG) ; Paratypes: 1T ( Roncus siculus, G. Gardini det.), same data as holotype but 25.II.1979, D. Caruso leg. ; 1♂, id., 5.VI.2019, G. Nicolosi leg.; 1♀, id., 27.II.2018, G. Nicolosi leg.; 1♂, id., 16.IX.2017, G. Nicolosi leg.; 2♀, id., 2.XII.2017, G. Nicolosi leg.; 1♀, id., 19.XII.2017, G. Nicolosi leg.; 2D, id., 15.IX.2019, G. Nicolosi leg.; 1♂ 1♀, Melilli, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.101667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.218056" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.101667/lat 37.218056)">Grotta di Sant’Alfio</a> 7031 Si/ SR (37°13’05”N 15°06’06”E), 125 m a.s.l., 6.VII.2017, G. Nicolosi leg. (all in coll. G. Gardini, Genoa) .</p><p>Non-type material examined. ITALY — Sicily: Syracuse Prov.: 1♀, Sortino, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.03&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.14167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.03/lat 37.14167)">Grotta dei Pipistrelli</a> 7009 Si/SR (37°08’30”N 15°01’48”E), 229 m a.s.l., 30.IV.2012, R. Grasso leg. ; 1♂, id., 21.IX.2012, R. Grasso leg.; 1T, id., 22.XI.2012, R. Grasso leg.</p><p>Derivatio nominis. From hyblaeus, the Latin adjective relating to the Sicilian Hyblaean Mountains, once home to some of the most important cities of Magna Graecia. On the northern foothills of the Hyblaean Mountains is the integral nature reserve Complesso Speleologico Villasmundo - S. Alfio, the type locality of Roncus hyblaeus sp. nov.</p><p>Description of adults (♂ ♀). Carapace, chelicerae, pedipalps and palpal coxae red-brown; pedipalpal femur and chelal hand with granular surface, patella smooth, pleural membrane granulate. Carapace 1.21–1.50 (♂ ♀) times as long as broad, anterior margin with prominent triangular acute epistome, eyes reduced to a white spot (Fig. 58); anterior lateral process acute, prominent; weak subbasal transverse depression present, chaetotaxy 4:8:6:6, subocular setae absent. Chaetotaxy of tergites I–X (♂ ♀): 6:8–10:10–11:10–11:11–12:11:11:11:11:9. Chaetotaxy of sternites II–X (♂): 20:(3–4)18(3–4):(3)12(3):14:14:14:14:14:13, genital sacs and setae on genital atrium not seen; chaetotaxy of sternites II–X (♀): 9–12:(4)14(4):(4)12(4):12–14: 12–14: 12–14: 12–14: 12–14:13. Chelicera (Fig. 59) 1.92–2.00 (♂ ♀) times as long as broad, palm with 6 setae; fixed and movable cheliceral finger with 12–14 and 13–15 teeth, respectively; movable finger with the largest tooth just distad gs; gs ratio 0.69–0.70, spinneret not prominent in both sexes; rallum with one short proximal blade and 7 (rarely 8) longer blades, all blades anteriorly combed; serrula exterior with about 30 blades. Manducatory process with 4 setae. Coxal setae (♂ ♀): pedipalp 7, I 6, II 6, III 5, IV 7–8; anterolateral process of coxa I stump, prominent and apically pointed, anteromedial process not prominent, rounded. Pedipalp (Figs 60, 62–66): trochanter weakly granulated, 2.41–2.51 (♂) or 2.30–2.47 (♀) times as long as broad, with 2–3 small tubercles with lyrifissure on antiaxial face; femur 4.90–4.96 (♂) or 4.44–5.13 (♀) times as long as broad, pedipalpal femur gradually narrowed in the basal third, with 1 tubercle (specimens from Grotta Villasmundo) or 2 tubercles (Grotta Sant’Alfio) or 3 tubercles (Grotta dei Pipistrelli) on the paraxial face and 1–2 dorso-distal small tubercles with glandular pore, granulation as in figs 60, 64; patella smooth, 2.86–2.91 (♂) or 2.64–2.86 (♀) times as long as broad, with globular club, with one small dorso-distal tubercle with glandular pore and 1 or 2 micropores at base of dorsal face of pedicel; club/pedicel ratio of patella 1.30–1.45 (♂) or 1.50–1.65 (♀); chela with pedicel 3.84–3.87 (♂) or 3.27–3.98 (♀) times as long as broad; hand of chela with pedicel 1.85–1.90 (♂) or 1.61–1.95 (♀) times as long as broad, with a sub-globular oval profile and its maximum width just before the middle (dorsal view), granulation as in figs 62–63, 65–66; chelal hand with 1–2 small tubercles with glandular pore on the antiaxial face close to the movable finger base; 2 microsetae (specimens from Grotta Sant’Alfio) or 6–9 microsetae (Grotta Villasmundo and Grotta dei Pipistrelli) between the trichobothria eb and esb, microsetae proximal eb absent (Figs 63, 66); fixed chelal finger with 90–94 (♂ ♀) contiguous and weakly pointed teeth; nodus ramosus subterminal; movable chelal finger with 85–87 (♂ ♀) teeth (5–6 teeth occupying 0.1 mm) with flat apex, apart from the distals which are pointed; 23–27 (♂ ♀) teeth between the trichobothrium t and the apex of the movable finger; marginal sensillum at the level or just distal the trichobothrium sb; all teeth with dental canals; trichobothria as in figs 62–63, 65–66, relative position of trichobothria along chelal axis (♂ ♀): et 0.13–0.14/ it 0.16–0.165/ est 0.255 / ist 0.42–0.43/ isb 0.60–0.65/ ib 0.725–0.77/ esb 0.84–0.85/ eb 0.92–0.93/ t 0.215 –0.225 / st 0.345–0.37/ sb 0.60–0.635/ b 0.86–0.87; trichobothrium isb halfway between ib and ist or slightly closer to ib, trichobothrium est closer to t than to st or at level of t; ratio of movable chelal finger/hand of chela with pedicel 1.23–1.24 (♂) or 1.15–1.25 (♀); ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable finger 0.99–1.00 (♂) or 0.96–1.06 (♀); ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.28–1.35 (♂) or 1.28–1.38 (♀). Leg IV (Fig. 61): trochanter 2.34 (♂) or 2.16–2.36 (♀) times as long as deep, femur + patella 3.51 (♂) or 3.40–3.55 (♀) times as long as deep, tibia 8.40 (TS = 0.52–0.61) (♂) or 6.11–7.50 (TS = 0.62–0.68) (♀), basitarsus 3.30 (TS = 0.18–0.21) (♂) or 2.78– 3.28 (TS = 0.18– 0.21) (♀), telotarsus 6.09 (TS = 0.44) (♂) or 4.61–5.50 (TS = 0.41–0.44) (♀) times as long as deep; ratio of basitarsus/telotarsus 0.64–0.66 (♂ ♀), subterminal seta furcate, claws with dorsal tooth.</p><p>Measurements. Body length 3.2–4.5 (♂ ♀). Carapace 1.16 × 0.77–0.79 anteriorly (♂) or 1.05–1.25 × 0.76– 0.96 anteriorly (♀). Chelicera 0.71–0.75 × 0.36–0.39 (♂) or 0.70–0.77 × 0.35–0.40 (♀); movable finger length 0.48–0.515 (♂) or 0.48–0.53 (♀). Pedipalp: trochanter 0.83–0.87 × 0.33–0.36 (♂) or 0.76–0.93 × 0.33–0.38 (♀); femur 1.49–1.57 × 0.30–0.32 (♂) or 1.42–1.65 × 0.30–0.35 (♀); patella 1.23–1.34 × 0.43–0.46 (♂) or 1.15–1.35 × 0.415–0.48 (♀); chela with pedicel 2.30–2.52 × 0.67–0.725 (depth 0.64–0.68) (♂) or 2.30–2.69 × 0.67–0.82 (depth 0.62–0.80) (♀); hand with pedicel length 1.22–1.26 (♂) or 1.15–1.30 (♀); movable finger length 1.50–1.56 (♂) or 1.35–1.58 (♀). Leg IV (deformed in the male of the Grotta di Sant'Alfio): trochanter 0.515–0.53 × 0.22–? (♂) or 0.48–0.59 × 0.215–0.25 (♀); femur + patella 1.23–1.30 × 0.35–? (♂) or 1.15–1.35 × 0.33– 0.38 (♀); tibia 1.26 × 0.15–? (♂) or 1.10–1.35 × 0.18–0.20 (♀); basitarsus 0.43–0.46 × 0.13–? (♂) or 0.39–0.46 × 0.14 (♀); telotarsus 0.67–0.69 × 0.11–? (♂) or 0.60–0.69 × 0.115–0.13 (♀).</p><p>Description of tritonymph. Pedipalps red-brown pale; pedipalpal femur and chelal hand with weakly granulate surface, patella smooth, pleural membrane granulate. Carapace 1.46 times as long as broad, no eyes or eye spots; anterior margin of carapace with low and wide triangular epistome; chaetotaxy 4:8:6:6, subocular setae absent. Chaetotaxy of tergites I–X: 6:7:11:11:11:11:11:11:11:7. Chaetotaxy of sternites II–IX: 3:(2)8(2):(2)10(2):12:14: 13:13:13. Chelicera 1.89 times as long as broad, palm with 6 setae; fixed finger with about12 teeth; movable finger with 13 teeth, the largest just distad gs; gs ratio 0.65, spinneret slightly prominent; rallum with one short proximal blade and 5 longer blades, all blades anteriorly combed. Manducatory process with 3 setae. Coxal setae: pedipalp 7, I 6, II 6–7, III 4, IV 6; anterolateral process of coxa I prominent and squat, anteromedial process rounded. Pedipalp: trochanter 2.16 times as long as broad; femur barely granulate, 4.04 times as long as broad, without tubercle on the antiaxial face; patella with smooth surface, 2.57 times as long as broad; chela with pedicel 3.50 times as long as broad; hand of chela with pedicel 1.69 times as long as broad, weakly granulate, with 4 microsetae between the trichobothria eb and esb, microsetae proximal eb absent; fixed chelal finger with 68 contiguous and pointed teeth; nodus ramosus subterminal; movable chelal finger with 67 teeth, of which 27 between the trichobothrium t and the apex of the finger; marginal sensillum closer to the trichobothrium st than to b; all teeth with dental canals; relative position of trichobothria along chelal axis: et 0.175/ it 0.205/ est 0.27 / ist 0.45/ ib 0.71/ esb 0.76/ eb 0.87/ t 0.28/ st 0.47/ b 0.81; ratio of movable chelal finger/hand of chela with pedicel 1.25; ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable finger 0.97; ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.08. Leg IV: trochanter 2.00 times as long as deep, femur + patella 3.19 times as long as deep, tibia 5.84 times (TS = 0.62), basitarsus 2.89 times (TS = 0.23), telotarsus 5.00 times as long as deep (TS = 0.41), ratio of basitarsus/telotarsus 0.58–0.61, subterminal seta furcate, claws with dorsal tooth.</p><p>Measurements. Body length 3.1. Carapace 0.88 × 0.60 anteriorly. Chelicera 0.52 × 0.275; movable finger length 0.36. Pedipalp: trochanter 0.52 × 0.24; femur 0.95 × 0.235; patella 0.76 × 0.295; chela with pedicel 1.61 × 0.46 (depth 0.44); hand with pedicel length 0.78; movable finger length 0.98. Leg IV: trochanter 0.35 × 0.175; femur + patella 0.82 × 0.275; tibia 0.76 × 0.13; basitarsus 0.275 × 0.095; telotarsus 0.45 × 0.09.</p><p>Short description of deutonymph. Pale integuments.Carapace 1.54 times as long as broad, no eyes or eye spots; anterior margin of carapace without epistome; chaetotaxy 4:6:6:6. Chaetotaxy of tergites I–X: 6:6:6:7:7:7:7:7:7:7. Chelicera 1.89 times as long as broad, palm with 5 setae; fixed and movable cheiceral fingers with about 12 and 13 teeth, respectively, gs ratio 0.64, spinneret slightly prominent; rallum with one short proximal blade and 5 longer blades, all blades anteriorly combed. Manducatory process with 3 setae. Coxal setae: pedipalp 5, I 5, II 5, III 3, IV 5; anterolateral process of coxa I prominent. Pedipalp: trochanter 2.13 times as long as broad; femur 3.51 times as long as broad, without paraxial tubercles; patella 2.36 times as long as broad; chela with pedicel 3.76 times as long as broad; hand of chela with pedicel 1.66 times as long as broad, microsetae proximal eb absent; fixed chelal finger with 48 teeth; movable chelal finger with 55 teeth, 31 teeth between the trichobothrium t and the apex of the finger; marginal sensillum nearer the trichobothrium b than to t; relative position of trichobothria along chelal axis: et 0.23/ it 0.30/ est 0.40 / ist 0.50/ ib 0.77/ eb 0.85/ t 0.42/ b 0.79; ratio of movable chelal finger/hand of chela with pedicel 1.28; ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable finger 0.92; ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 0.89. Leg IV: trochanter 2.09 times as long as deep, femur + patella 3.25 times as long as deep, tibia 5.22 times (TS = 0.49), basitarsus 2.57 times (TS = 0.25), telotarsus 4.14 times as long as deep (TS = 0.31), ratio of basitarsus/telotarsus 0.62, subterminal seta furcate, claws with dorsal tooth.</p><p>Measurements. Body length 2.2. Carapace 0.65 × 0.42 anteriorly. Chelicera 0.36 × 0.19; movable finger length 0.24. Pedipalp: trochanter 0.33 × 0.155; femur 0.58 × 0.165; patella 0.46 × 0.195; chela with pedicel 1.11 × 0.295 (depth 0.275); hand with pedicel length 0.49; movable finger length 0.63. Leg IV: trochanter 0.23 × 0.11; femur + patella 0.52 × 0.16; tibia 0.47 × 0.09; basitarsus 0.18 × 0.07; telotarsus 0.29 × 0.07.</p><p>Remarks. Within the subterranean species of Roncus from the Hyblean Plateau exhibiting a moderate degree of adaptive modification to the subterranean habitat, Roncus hyblaeus sp. nov. can be compared with Roncus gallettiae sp. nov., from which it differs primarily in the more globular shape of the club of pedipalpal patella. For comparative data between the two species see Remarks under Roncus gallettiae sp. nov.</p><p>The Grotta Villasmundo, type locality of Roncus hyblaeus sp. nov., is 0.13 kilometres from the Grotta di Sant’Alfio and 10 kilometres from the Grotta dei Pipistrelli.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/176F87DAFFDFFFAEFF4CFB8C844FF92E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gardini, Giulio;Gardini, Pietro	Gardini, Giulio, Gardini, Pietro (2026): The epigean and subterranean pseudoscorpions of the genus Roncus from Sicily, with description of new species (Pseudoscorpiones: Neobisiidae). Zootaxa 5763 (2): 151-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.2.1
176F87DAFFDAFF90FF4CF8E084ECFC5A.text	176F87DAFFDAFF90FF4CF8E084ECFC5A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Roncus magrinii Gardini & Gardini 2026	<div><p>Roncus magrinii sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 67–76, 114)</p><p>Type locality: Italy, Sicily, Trapani Province, Custonaci, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.667778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.105553" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.667778/lat 38.105553)">Monte Cofano</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.667778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.105553" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.667778/lat 38.105553)">Grotta della Clava</a> 8073 Si/TP (38°06’20”N 12°40’04”E).</p><p>Distribution. Italy (Sicily).</p><p>Diagnosis (♂ ♀). A large highly troglomorphic Roncus that differs from other Sicilian species of the genus in the following combination of characters: carapace without eyes or eye spots, with triangular epistome apically rounded, posterior border with 6 setae; tergite I with 6 setae; cheliceral palm with 6 setae; pedipalpal femur granulate, chelal hand with a moderately granular surface, patella almost smooth, with very weak graininess; pedipalpal femur slender club-shaped, 1.59–1.79 mm length (6.17–6.43 ×), without tubercles on the paraxial face; patella 1.49–1.68 mm (4.54–4.74 ×), club/pedicel ratio = 1.10–1.17; chelal hand with no microsetae both proximal to the trichobothrium eb and between eb-esb; fixed and movable chelal fingers with 114–120 and 102–108 teeth, respectively; 31–33 teeth between the trichobothrium t and the apex of the movable chelal finger; movable chelal finger 1.52–1.63 mm length; ratio of movable chelal finger/hand of chela with pedicel 1.12–1.23; ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable chelal finger 1.00–1.10; ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.42–1.56.</p><p>Type material. ITALY — Sicily: Trapani Province: 1♂ (holotype, not treated with lactic acid), Custonaci, Monte Cofano, Grotta della Clava 8073 Si/TP, 455 m a.s.l., 21.III.2017, P. Magrini leg. (MHNG) ; Paratypes: 2♂ 1♀ 2T 1D, same data as holotype (MHNG); 2♂ 3♀ 1T, same data as holotype but 20.III.2019, P. Magrini leg. (coll. G. Gardini, Genoa) .</p><p>Non-type material examined. ITALY — Sicily: Trapani Province: 1♂, Custonaci, Monte Palatimone, Grotta P5 n.c., 28.VI.1994, I. Galletti leg .; 1T, San Vito Lo Capo, Riserva Naturale Zingaro, Grotta del Sughero 8092 Si/TP, 239 m a.s.l., 17.III.2008, P. Magrini leg. ; 1♀ 1D, id., III.2010, P. Magrini leg.</p><p>Derivatio nominis. Named in honour of Paolo Magrini (Florence), entomologist and biospeleologist, for his valuable contribution to the knowledge of the Italian subterranean fauna.</p><p>Description of adults (♂ ♀). Carapace, chelicerae, pedipalps and palpal coxae red-brown; pedipalpal femur granulate, chelal hand with moderately granular surface, patella almost smooth, with very weak graininess, pleural membrane granulate. Carapace 1.52–1.75 (♂ ♀) times as long as broad, anterior margin with triangular epistome apically blunt, weak subbasal transverse furrow present; no eyes or eye spots (Fig. 67); anterior lateral process slightly obtuse, not prominent; chaetotaxy 4:8:6:6, subocular setae absent. Chaetotaxy of tergites I–X (♂ ♀): 6– 7:9:9–11:11:11:11–12:11–12:11:10–12:9–10. Chaetotaxy of sternites II–X (♂): 14–18:(3–4)14–18(3–4):(3–4)8– 9(3–4):12–14:12–13:12–13:12–13:12–13:11, lateral and median genital sacs not seen, genital atrium with 2+2 setae; chaetotaxy of sternites II–X (♀): 9:(4)14(4):(3)9(3):13:13:13:13:13:11. Chelicera (Fig. 68) 2.03–2.13 (♂ ♀) times as long as broad, palm with 6 setae; fixed and movable cheliceral finger with 14–16 and 13–14 teeth, respectively; movable finger with the largest tooth just distad gs; gs ratio 0.68–0.76, spinneret barely noticeable in both sexes; rallum with one short proximal blade and 7 (8 in a female) longer blades, all blades anteriorly combed; serrulae interior and exterior with about 27 and 35 blades, respectively. Manducatory process with 3 setae. Coxal setae (♂ ♀): pedipalp 7, I 6, II 6–7, III 5, IV 7; anterolateral process of coxa I stubby and pointed, anteromedial process not prominent, rounded (Fig. 69). Pedipalp (Figs 70, 72–76): trochanter dorsally smooth, 3.19–3.32 (♂) or 3.15–3.22 (♀) times as long as broad, with 2–3 small tubercles with lyrifissure on antiaxial face; femur 6.27–6.43 (♂) or 6.17– 6.23 (♀) times as long as broad, gradually enlarged from the base, tubercles on the paraxial face absent, granulation as in figs 70, 74; patella almost smooth, with very weak graininess, 4.60–4.74 (♂) or 4.54–4.58 (♀) times as long as broad, with one weak dorso-distal tubercle with glandular pore and one micropore at base of dorsal face of pedicel; club/pedicel ratio of patella 1.10–1.12 (♂) or 1.16–1.17 (♀); chela with pedicel 5.46–5.54 (♂) or 5.20–5.48 (♀) times as long as broad [5.91–5.97 (♂) or 5.53–5.74 (♀) times as long as deep]; hand of chela with pedicel 2.59–2.65 (♂) or 2.52–2.68 (♀) times as long as broad [2.80–2.87 (♂) or 2.68–2.81 (♀) times as long as deep], with long oval profile and its maximum width in the middle (dorsal view), granulation as in figs 72–73, 75–76; chelal hand with a tubercle with a glandular pore on the antiaxial face close to the movable finger base; microsetae between the trichobothria eb and esb and microsetae proximal eb absent (Figs 73, 76); fixed chelal finger with 114–116 (♂) or 116–120 (♀) contiguous and weakly pointed teeth; nodus ramosus subterminal; movable chelal finger with 102–107 (♂) or 108 (♀) teeth (6–7 teeth occupying 0.1 mm) with flat apex, apart from the distals which are pointed (Figs 73, 76); 31–33 teeth between the trichobothrium t and the apex of the movable finger; marginal sensillum at the level of the trichobothrium sb; all teeth with dental canals; trichobothria as in figs 72–73, 75–76, relative position of trichobothria along chelal axis (♂ ♀): et 0.11–0.13/ it 0.19–0.21/ est 0.25 –0.28/ ist 0.415–0.43/ isb 0.68–0.70/ ib 0.85– 0.88/ esb 0.91–0.93/ eb 0.95–0.98/ t 0.21–0.23/ st 0.37–0.40/ sb 0.63–0.68/ b 0.87–0.88; trichobothrium isb closer to ib than to ist, trichobothrium est halfway between t and st or closer to t; ratio of movable chelal finger and hand of chela with pedicel 1.16–1.23 (♂) or 1.12–1.20 (♀); ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable finger 1.00–1.05 (♂) or 1.04–1.10 (♀); ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.53–1.56 (♂) or 1.42–1.54 (♀). Leg IV (Fig. 71): trochanter 2.38–2.52 (♂) or 2.76–2.79 (♀) times as long as deep, femur + patella 4.43–4.71 (♂) or 4.74–4.91 (♀) times as long as deep, tibia 9.46–9.51 (TS = 0.48– 0.58) (♂) or 9.67–10.20 (TS = 0.50–0.53) (♀), basitarsus 3.83–4.18 (TS = 0.18) (♂) or 3.70– 3.72 (TS = 0.15–0.16) (♀), telotarsus 8.11–8.22 (TS = 0.47–0.49) (♂) or 6.63–7.26 (TS = 0.45–0.47) (♀) times as long as deep; ratio of basitarsus/telotarsus 0.59–0.68 (♂ ♀), subterminal seta furcate, claws with dorsal tooth.</p><p>Measurements. Body length 4.1–4.4 (♂) or 4.3–4.4 (♀). Carapace 1.07–1.13 × 0.66–0.67 anteriorly (♂) or 1.12–1.16 × 0.64–0.76 anteriorly (♀). Chelicera 0.64–0.67 × 0.30–0.32 (♂) or 0.63–0.69 × 0.31–0.34 (♀); movable finger length 0.43–0.44 (♂) or 0.415–0.46 (♀). Pedipalp: trochanter 0.83–0.88 × 0.26–0.265 (♂) or 0.805–0.92 × 0.255 –0.285 (♀); femur 1.63–1.77 × 0.26–0.275 (♂) or 1.59–1.79 × 0.255–0.29 (♀); patella 1.56–1.66 × 0.34–0.35 (♂) or 1.49–1.68 × 0.325–0.37 (♀); chela with pedicel 2.69–2.84 × 0.485–0.52 (depth 0.45–0.48) (♂) or 2.60–2.96 × 0.50–0.54 (depth 0.47–0.515) (♀); hand with pedicel length 1.26–1.38 (♂) or 1.26–1.45 (♀); movable finger length 1.55–1.61 (♂) or 1.52–1.63 (♀). Leg IV: trochanter 0.50–0.53 × 0.21 (♂) or 0.53–0.58 × 0.19–0.21 (♀); femur + patella 1.33–1.39 × 0.295–0.30 (♂) or 1.40–1.47 × 0.285–0.31(♀); tibia 1.38–1.42 × 0.145–0.15 (♂) or 1.33–1.50 × 0.13–0.155 (♀); basitarsus 0.46 × 0.11–0.12 (♂) or 0.41–0.50 × 0.11– 0.135 (♀); telotarsus 0.73–0.74 × 0.09 (♂) or 0.69–0.73 × 0.095–0.11 (♀).</p><p>Description of tritonymph. Pedipalps red-brown pale; pedipalpal femur and chelal hand with weakly granulate surface, patella almost smooth, pleural membrane granulate. Carapace 1.60–1.70 times as long as broad, no eyes or eye spots; anterior margin of carapace with barely noticeable epistome; chaetotaxy 4:8:6:6, subocular setae absent. Chaetotaxy of tergites I–X: 6:8:10:10:10–11:10–12:11:11:10–11:9. Chaetotaxy of sternites II–X: 2–3:(2)8– 9(2):(2)8(2):12–13:12–13:12:12–13:12–13:9–10. Chelicera 2.00–2.04 times as long as broad, palm with 6 setae; fixed finger with about 15 teeth; movable finger with 12–14 teeth, the largest just distad gs; gs ratio 0.69–0.72, spinneret slightly prominent; rallum with one short proximal blade and 6 longer blades, all blades anteriorly combed. Manducatory process with 3 setae. Coxal setae: pedipalp 7–8, I 6, II 6, III 4–5, IV 5–6; anterolateral process of coxa I prominent and pointed, anteromedial process rounded. Pedipalp: trochanter 2.48–2.55 times as long as broad; femur barely granulate, 5.05–5.08 times as long as broad, with one tubercle proximally the half of the antiaxial face; patella with smooth surface, 3.55–3.66 times as long as broad; chela with pedicel 4.42–4.56 times as long as broad; hand of chela with pedicel 2.08–2.09 times as long as broad, weakly granulate, without microsetae between the trichobothria eb and esb, microsetae proximal eb absent; fixed chelal finger with 82–84 contiguous and pointed teeth; nodus ramosus subterminal; movable chelal finger with 79–80 teeth, of which 34–35 between the trichobothrium t and the apex of the finger; marginal sensillum proximal to the trichobothrium st or closer to b than to st or halfway between b–st; all teeth with dental canals; relative position of trichobothria along chelal axis: et 0.16–0.18/ it 0.28/ est 0.32 –0.34/ ist 0.47–0.475/ ib 0.81–0.82/ esb 0.85–0.87/ eb 0.91–0.95/ t 0.31–0.32/ st 0.54/ b 0.84– 0.86; ratio of movable chelal finger and hand of chela with pedicel 1.25–1.31; ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable finger 1.01–1.03; ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.14–1.24. Leg IV: trochanter 2.13 times as long as deep, femur + patella 4.00–4.32 times as long as deep, tibia 7.0–7.3 times (TS = 0.43–0.47), basitarsus 3.12–3.23 times (TS = 0.18–0.20), telotarsus 5.41–5.73 times as long as deep (TS = 0.32–0.40), ratio of basitarsus/telotarsus 0.58–0.59, subterminal seta furcate, claws with dorsal tooth.</p><p>Measurements. Body length 2.8–3.0. Carapace 0.81–0.82 × 0.46–0.51 anteriorly. Chelicera 0.43–0.46 × 0.21– 0.23; movable finger length 0.285–0.31. Pedipalp: trochanter 0.46–0.51 × 0.185–0.20; femur 0.94–1.01 × 0.185– 0.20; patella 0.80–0.88 × 0.225–0.24; chela with pedicel 1.55–1.66 × 0.34–0.375 (depth 0.32–0.35); hand with pedicel length 0.71–0.78; movable finger length 0.93–0.98. Leg IV: trochanter 0.31–0.32 × 0.145–0.15; femur + patella 0.80–0.84 × 0.185–0.21; tibia 0.73–0.77 × 0.10–0.11; basitarsus 0.25–0.275 × 0.08–0.085; telotarsus 0.43–0.46 × 0.075 –0.085.</p><p>Short description of deutonymph. Pale integuments. Carapace 1.57 times as long as broad, no eyes or eye spots; anterior margin of carapace with barely noticeable epistome; chaetotaxy 4:6:6:6. Chaetotaxy of tergites I–X: 6:7:6–7:7:7:7:7:7:7:7. Chaetotaxy of sternites II–X: 0:(1)4(1):(1)6(1):10:9:9:9:9:9. Chelicera 1.90–1.93 times as long as broad, palm; with 5 setae fixed and movable cheiceral fingers with about 13 and 15 teeth, respectively, gs ratio 0.63–0.64, spinneret slightly prominent; rallum with one short proximal blade and 5 longer blades, all blades anteriorly combed. Manducatory process with 3 setae. Coxal setae: pedipalp 5, I 5, II 5, III 3, IV 5; anterolateral process of coxa I prominent. Pedipalp: trochanter 2.30–2.48 times as long as broad; femur 3.93–4.07 times as long as broad; patella 2.91–3.03 times as long as broad; chela with pedicel 4.00–4.25 times as long as broad; hand of chela with pedicel 1.74–1.77 times as long as broad, microsetae proximal eb absent; fixed chelal finger with 54–55 teeth; movable chelal finger with 58–65 teeth, 35–39 teeth between the trichobothrium t and the apex of the finger; marginal sensillum just distal the trichobothrium b, at the 7 th to 8 th tooth level; relative position of trichobothria along chelal axis: et 0.245–0.26/ it 0.385–0.42/ est 0.44 –0.47/ ist 0.52–0.55/ ib 0.86/ eb 0.90/ t 0.44–0.45/ b 0.82–0.84; ratio of movable chelal finger/hand of chela with pedicel 1.38–1.52; ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable finger 0.88–0.94; ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 0.97. Leg IV: trochanter 2.0–2.1 times as long as deep, femur + patella 3.58– 3.61 times as long as deep, tibia 5.17–5.71 times (TS = 0.43–0.48), basitarsus 2.46–2.58 times (TS = 0.18–0.23), telotarsus 5.25–5.50 times as long as deep (TS = 0.35–0.40), ratio of basitarsus/telotarsus lengths 0.45–0.47.</p><p>Measurements. Body length 1.85–2.1. Carapace 0.63 × 0.40 anteriorly. Chelicera 0.30–0.33 × 0.155 –0.175; movable finger length 0.19–0.22. Pedipalp: trochanter 0.30–0.36 × 0.13–0.145; femur 0.55–0.61 × 0.135 –0.155; patella 0.44–0.495 × 0.145–0.17; chela with pedicel 1.00–1.06 × 0.235 –0.265 (depth 0.22–0.25); hand with pedicel length 0.41–0.47; movable finger length 0.625–0.65. Leg IV: trochanter 0.21–0.22 × 0.10–0.11; femur + patella 0.47–0.52 × 0.13–0.145; tibia 0.40–0.44 × 0.07–0.085; basitarsus 0.155–0.16 × 0.06–0.065; telotarsus 0.33–0.34 × 0.06–0.065.</p><p>Remarks. Roncus magrinii sp. nov., together with Roncus bavierai sp. nov. and Roncus nicolosii sp. nov. is the species of subterranean Roncus from Sicily with the highest degree of troglomorphism. Roncus magrinii sp. nov. is easily distinguishable from Roncus bavierai sp. nov. from the Madonie (see Remarks under this species) but is morphologically close to Roncus nicolosii sp. nov. from the Hyblean Plateau. It differs from the latter in the following characters: eyes absent (reduced to white spots in Roncus nicolosii sp. nov.), pedipalpal femur without tubercles on the paraxial face (with 3–4 tubercles in Roncus nicolosii sp. nov.), microsetae between trichobothria esb–eb absent (1–3 microsetae in Roncus nicolosii sp. nov.), and more slender pedipalpal segments (♂ ♀): femur 6.17–6.43 times as long as broad (5.48–5.96 × in Roncus nicolosii sp. nov.), patella 4.54–4.74 × (3.68–3.95 × in Roncus nicolosii sp. nov.), chela with pedicel 5.20–5.54 × (4.16–5.05 × in Roncus nicolosii sp. nov.), chelal hand with pedicel 2.52–2.68 × (2.09–2.39 × in Roncus nicolosii sp. nov.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/176F87DAFFDAFF90FF4CF8E084ECFC5A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gardini, Giulio;Gardini, Pietro	Gardini, Giulio, Gardini, Pietro (2026): The epigean and subterranean pseudoscorpions of the genus Roncus from Sicily, with description of new species (Pseudoscorpiones: Neobisiidae). Zootaxa 5763 (2): 151-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.2.1
176F87DAFFE4FF97FF4CFBF484A5F972.text	176F87DAFFE4FF97FF4CFBF484A5F972.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Roncus nicolosii Gardini & Gardini 2026	<div><p>Roncus nicolosii sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 77–86, 114)</p><p>Type locality: Italy, Sicily, Syracuse Province, Syracuse, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.159721&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.016945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.159721/lat 37.016945)">Grotta del Conzo</a> 7005 Si/SR (37°01’01”N 15°09’35”E).</p><p>Distribution. Italy (Sicily).</p><p>Diagnosis (♂ ♀). A large highly troglomorphic Roncus that differs from other Sicilian species of the genus in the following combination of characters: carapace with very weak eye spots, with triangular epistome, posterior border with 6 setae; tergite I with 6 setae; cheliceral palm with 6 setae; pedipalpal femur and chelal hand with a moderately granular surface, patella smooth; pedipalpal femur slender club-shaped, 1.77–1.85 mm length (5.48–5.96 ×), with 3–4 tubercles on the paraxial face; patella 1.53–1.61 mm (3.68–3.95 ×), club/pedicel ratio = 1.03–1.26; chelal hand without microsetae proximal to the trichobothrium eb, with 1–3 microsetae between eb–esb; fixed and movable chelal fingers with 111–116 and 109–116 teeth, respectively; 30–32 teeth between the trichobothrium t and the apex of the movable chelal finger; movable chelal finger 1.59–1.68 mm length; ratio of movable chelal finger/hand of chela with pedicel 1.10–1.27; ratio of pedipalpal femur/ movable chelal finger 1.04–1.11; ratio of pedipalpal femur/ carapace 1.42–1.51.</p><p>Type material. ITALY — Sicily: Syracuse Province: 1♀ (holotype, not treated with lactic acid), Siracusa, Grotta del Conzo 7005 Si/SR, 115 m a.s.l., 26.IX.2019, G. Nicolosi leg. (MHNG) ; Paratypes: 1♀, same data as holotype (MHNG); 1♂, same data as holotype but VII.1998, I. Galletti leg.; 1♀, same data as holotype but 20.IX.1998, I. Galletti leg.; 1♂, same data as holotype but 16.IV.2019, G. Nicolosi leg.; 1♀, Siracusa, Grotta Chiusazza 7004 Si/SR, 107 m a.s.l., 18.X.1998, I. Galletti leg. ; 1♀, id., 10.XII.2017, G. Nicolosi leg .; 1♀, Siracusa, Grotta Monello 7007 Si/SR, 100 m a.s.l., 24.XI.2018, G. Nicolosi leg. (all in coll. G. Gardini, Genoa) .</p><p>Derivatio nominis. Named in honour of Giuseppe Nicolosi (Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Catania and Centro Speleologico Etneo, Catania), entomologist and biospeleologist, for his valuable contribution to the knowledge of the Sicilian subterranean fauna.</p><p>Description of adults (♂ ♀). Carapace, chelicerae, pedipalps and palpal coxae red-brown; pedipalpal femur granulate, chelal hand with moderately granular surface, patella smooth, pleural membrane granulate. Carapace 1.42–1.55 (♂ ♀) times as long as broad, anterior margin with prominent triangular epistome, eyes reduced to a weak spot (Fig. 77), anterior lateral process acute, slightly prominent; weak subbasal transverse furrow present, chaetotaxy 4:8:6:6, subocular setae absent. Chaetotaxy of tergites I–X (♂ ♀): 6:6–9:7–10:8–10:8–10:9–11:9–11:9–10:9–10:9– 10. Chaetotaxy of sternites II–X (♂): 22:(3–4)16–17(3–4):(4)10(4):11–13:12–13:11–13:12–13:12–13:10–11, median genital sac pear-shaped, reaching the middle of sternite IV, genital atrium with 3+3 setae; chaetotaxy of sternites II–X (♀): 9–13:(3–4)14– 16(3–4):(3)9– 11(3):12–13:11–13:13–15:12–14:11–13:11–12. Chelicera (Fig. 78) 1.91–2.00 (♂ ♀) times as long as broad, palm with 6 setae (or 6 and 7 setae: ♂ from Grotta del Conzo and ♀ from Grotta Chiusazza); fixed and movable cheliceral finger with 13–14 and 11–12 teeth, respectively; movable finger with the largest tooth just distad gs; gs ratio 0.72–0.75, spinneret barely noticeable in both sexes; rallum with one short proximal blade and 7 longer blades, all blades anteriorly combed; serrula exterior with about 38 blades. Manducatory process with 4 setae. Coxal setae (♂ ♀): pedipalp 7–8, I 6, II 6, III 5, IV 7–8; anterolateral process of coxa I stubby and pointed, anteromedial process not prominent, rounded (Fig. 79). Pedipalp (Figs 80, 82–86): trochanter weakly granulated, 3.17 (♂) or 2.75–2.94 (♀) times as long as broad, with 2–3 small tubercles with lyrifissure on antiaxial face; femur 6.96 (♂) or 5.48–5.53 (♀) times as long as broad, gradually enlarged from the base, with 3 (rarely 2) or 4 tubercles on the paraxial face and 1–3 dorso-distal small tubercles with glandular pore, granulation as in figs 80, 84; patella almost smooth, with very weak graininess, 3.95 (♂) or 3.68–3.74 (♀) times as long as broad, with 1–2 small dorso-distal tubercles with glandular pore and one micropore at base of dorsal face of pedicel; club/pedicel ratio of patella 1.03 (♂) or 1.11–1.26 (♀); chela with pedicel 5.05 (♂) or 4.16–4.66 (♀) times as long as broad [5.37 (♂) or 4.35–4.70 (♀) times as long as deep]; hand of chela with pedicel 2.34 (♂) or 2.09–2.39 (♀) times as long as broad [2.48 (♂) or 2.18–2.41 (♀) times as long as deep], with a long, faintly subconical profile and its maximum width in basal quarter (dorsal view), granulation as in figs 82–83, 85–86; chelal hand with a small tubercle with a glandular pore on the antiaxial face close to the movable finger base; 1–3 microsetae between the trichobothria eb and esb, microsetae proximal eb absent (Figs 83, 86); fixed chelal finger with 116 (♂) or 111–113 (♀) contiguous and weakly pointed teeth; nodus ramosus subterminal; movable chelal finger with 116 (♂) or 109– 113 (♀) teeth (6–7 teeth occupying 0.1 mm) with flat apex, apart from the distals which are pointed (Figs 83, 86); 30–32 teeth between the trichobothrium t and the apex of the movable finger; marginal sensillum at the level or just distal the trichobothrium sb; all teeth with dental canals; trichobothria as in figs 82–83, 85–86, relative position of trichobothria along chelal axis (♂ ♀): et 0.125 –0.135 / it 0.18–0.195/ est 0.215 –0.26/ ist 0.45–0.49/ isb 0.585–0.69/ ib 0.81–0.83/ esb 0.87–0.89/ eb 0.93–0.94/ t 0.205–0.22/ st 0.32–0.38/ sb 0.57–0.655/ b 0.86–0.87; trichobothrium isb closer to ib than to ist or closer to ist than to ib, trichobothrium est closer to t than to st; ratio of movable chelal finger/hand of chela with pedicel 1.28 (♂) or 1.10–1.12 (♀); ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable finger 1.04 (♂) or 1.07–1.11 (♀); ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.51 (♂) or 1.42–1.49 (♀). Leg IV (Fig. 81): trochanter 2.78 (♂) or 2.61–2.74 (♀) times as long as deep, femur + patella 4.34 (♂) or 4.44–4.65 (♀) times as long as deep, tibia 8.53 (TS = 0.51) (♂) or 8.00–8.23 (TS = 0.50–0.54) (♀), basitarsus 3.81 (TS = 0.18) (♂) or 3.55– 3.88 (TS = 0.16– 0.17) (♀), telotarsus 8.00 (TS = 0.39) (♂) or 6.82–7.45 (TS = 0.39–0.44) (♀) times as long as deep; ratio of basitarsus/ telotarsus 0.58–0.67 (♂ ♀), subterminal seta furcate, claws with dorsal tooth.</p><p>Measurements. Body length 3.7–4.7 (♂ ♀). Carapace 1.18–1.22 × 0.78–0.81 anteriorly (♂) or 1.14–1.24 × 0.78–0.83 anteriorly (♀). Chelicera 0.75 × 0.375 (♂) or 0.745–0.77 × 0.385–0.39 (♀); movable finger length 0.505 (♂) or 0.51–0.52 (♀). Pedipalp: trochanter 1.00 × 0.315 (♂) or 0.95–0.97 × 0.33–0.345 (♀); femur 1.85 × 0.31 (♂) or 1.77–1.81 × 0.32–0.33 (♀); patella 1.58 × 0.40 (♂) or 1.53–1.61 × 0.415–0.43 (♀); chela with pedicel 2.98 × 0.59 (depth 0.555) (♂) or 2.83–2.96 × 0.635–0.68 (depth 0.63–0.65) (♀); hand with pedicel length 1.38 (♂) or 1.42–1.52 (♀); movable finger length 1.77 (♂) or 1.59–1.68 (♀). Leg IV: trochanter 0.64 × 0.23 (♂) or 0.60–0.63 × 0.23 (♀); femur + patella 1.52 × 0.35 (♂) or 1.40–1.49 × 0.315–0.32(♀); tibia 1.45 × 0.17 (♂) or 1.40 × 0.17–0.175 (♀); basitarsus 0.515 × 0.135 (♂) or 0.48–0.505 × 0.13– 0.135 (♀); telotarsus 0.88 × 0.11 (♂) or 0.75–0.82 × 0.11 (♀).</p><p>Remarks. The same considerations made for Roncus magrinii sp. nov. also apply to Roncus nicolosii sp. nov. and for a comparison between both species see the Remarks on the former.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/176F87DAFFE4FF97FF4CFBF484A5F972	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gardini, Giulio;Gardini, Pietro	Gardini, Giulio, Gardini, Pietro (2026): The epigean and subterranean pseudoscorpions of the genus Roncus from Sicily, with description of new species (Pseudoscorpiones: Neobisiidae). Zootaxa 5763 (2): 151-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.2.1
176F87DAFFEFFF9FFF4CFF7886EAFED2.text	176F87DAFFEFFF9FFF4CFF7886EAFED2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Roncus siculus Beier 1963	<div><p>Roncus siculus Beier, 1963</p><p>(Figs 87–96, 114)</p><p>Roncus (Parablothrus) siculus Beier, 1963a: 257, fig. 2.</p><p>Roncus siculus: Gardini &amp; Rizzerio 1986: 39, figs 65–70.</p><p>Roncus siculus: Gardini &amp; Rizzerio 1987: 67 (in part: see Roncus hyblaeus sp. nov.).</p><p>Roncus carusoi Gardini &amp; Rizzerio, 1987: 68, figs 1–6 (syn. nov.).</p><p>Type locality: Italy, Sicily, Syracuse Province, Melilli, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.194167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.10611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.194167/lat 37.10611)">Grotta di Palombara</a> 7001 Si/SR (37°06’22”N 15°11’39”E).</p><p>Distribution. Italy (Sicily).</p><p>Diagnosis (♂ ♀). A large troglomorphic Roncus that differs from other Sicilian species of the genus in the following combination of characters: carapace with eyes reduced to eye spots, with triangular epistome, posterior border with 6 setae; tergite I with 6 setae; cheliceral palm with 6 (rarely 7) setae; pedipalpal femur and chelal hand with a moderately granular surface, patella smooth; pedipalpal femur gradually narrowed in the basal third, 1.36– 1.59 mm length (5.00–5.76 ×), with 1–3 tubercles on the paraxial face; patella 1.16–1.36 mm (3.26–3.59 ×), club/ pedicel ratio = 1.29–1.58; chelal hand with no microsetae proximal to the trichobothrium eb, with 1–3 microsetae between eb–esb; fixed and movable chelal fingers with 99–106 and 91–105 teeth, respectively; 25–32 teeth between the trichobothrium t and the apex of the movable chelal finger; movable chelal finger 1.30–1.51 mm length; ratio of movable chelal finger/hand of chela with pedicel 1.08–1.41; ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable chelal finger 0.98–1.11; ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.15–1.45.</p><p>Type material of Roncus siculus examined. ITALY — Sicily: Syracuse Prov: 1♀ lectotype labelled “ Grotta della Palombara, Siracusa, 15.XI.[19]62, [G.] Sichel [P.] Alicata [C.] Ronsisvalle leg.” and “ Roncus (Parabl.) siculus sp. nov. det. Beier Typen ”; 1♂ 1T paralectotypes labelled “ Grotta Palombara (Siracusa) 12.I.1963, Sichel-Alicata-Ronsisvalle leg.” and “ Roncus (Parabl.) siculus nov. det. Beier Paraypen ” (MSNV), redescribed by Gardini &amp; Rizzerio (1986) .</p><p>Type material of Roncus carusoi examined. ITALY — Sicily: Syracuse Prov: 1♀ holotype, Noto, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.065001&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.949722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.065001/lat 36.949722)">Grotta Pozzo Baronazzo</a> 7179 Si/SR (36°56’59”N 15°03’54”E), 400 m a.s.l., 28.X.1974, D. Caruso leg. ; 1T paratype, Noto, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.021389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.990833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.021389/lat 36.990833)">Grotta Papa</a> 7171 Si/SR (36°59’27”N 15°01’17”E), 432 m a.s.l., 10.XII.1979, D. Caruso leg. (coll. G. Gardini, Genoa) .</p><p>Non-type material examined. ITALY — Sicily: Syracuse Prov.: 1♀, Melilli, Grotta di Palombara 7001 Si/SR, 143 m a.s.l., 18.XI.1973, D. Caruso leg. ; 4♂ 3♀, id., 24.XI.1974, S. Brisolese leg.; 2♂ 1♀, id., V.1998, I. Galletti leg .; 2♀, Siracusa, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.150833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.02361" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.150833/lat 37.02361)">Grotta Genovesi</a> II 7016 Si/SR (37°01’25”N 15°09’03”E), 115 m a.s.l., 22.V.2021, G. Trezzi leg.</p><p>Description of adults (♂ ♀). Carapace, chelicerae, pedipalps and palpal coxae red-brown; pedipalpal femur and chelal hand with moderately granular surface, patella smooth, pleural membrane granulate. Carapace 1.43–1.62 (♂ ♀) times as long as broad, anterior margin with prominent triangular epistome, eyes reduced to a weak spot (Fig. 87) or with residual lens (female from Pozzo Baronazzo); anterior lateral process straight or slightly acute, not prominent; weak subbasal transverse furrow present, chaetotaxy 4:(7)8:6:6(5), subocular setae absent. Chaetotaxy of tergites I–X (♂ ♀): 6:6–7:8–9:8–10:9–10:9–10:9–11:9–11:9–11:9. Chaetotaxy of sternites II–X (♂): 23–24:(3– 4)19(3–4):(3–4)11–12(3–4):11–12:11–13:13:12:12:11–12, median genital sac pear-shaped, length 16 mm, genital atrium with 2+2 or 3+3 setae; chaetotaxy of sternites II–X (♀): 9–12:(4)11–15(4):(3)10–12(3–4):13:12–14:12– 14:13:12–13:10–12. Chelicera (Fig. 88) 1.68–2.08 (♂ ♀) times as long as broad, palm with 6 (rarely 7) setae; fixed and movable cheliceral finger with 11–14 and 10–16 teeth, respectively; movable finger with the largest tooth just distad gs; gs ratio 0.69–0.74, spinneret not very prominent in both sexes; rallum with one short proximal blade and 7 to 9 longer blades, all blades anteriorly combed; serrulae not seen. Manducatory process with 4 setae. Coxal setae (♂ ♀): pedipalp 7–10, I 6–8, II 6–8, III 5–6, IV 7–8; anterolateral process of coxa I prominent and pointed, anteromedial process not prominent, rounded (Fig. 89). Pedipalp (Figs 90, 92–96): trochanter nearly smooth dorsally, 2.50–2.75 (♂) or 2.19–2.78 (♀) times as long as broad, with 2–3 small tubercles with lyrifissure on antiaxial face; femur 5.23–5.76 (♂) or 5.00–5.43 (♀) times as long as broad, pedipalpal femur gradually narrowed in the basal third, with 1–3 tubercles on the paraxial face and 1–2 dorso-distal small tubercles with glandular pore, granulation as in figs 90, 94; patella smooth, 3.34–3.59 (♂) or 3.26–3.41 (♀) times as long as broad, with one small dorso-distal tubercle with glandular pore and 1–3 micropores at base of dorsal face of pedicel; club/pedicel ratio of patella 1.29–1.49 (♂) or 1.35–1.58 (♀); chela with pedicel 4.32–4.87 (♂) or 4.00–4.35 (♀) times as long as deep; hand of chela with pedicel 1.98–2.32 (♂) or 1.85–2.15 (♀) times as long as deep, with oval profile and its maximum width in basal third (dorsal view), granulation as in figs 92–93, 95–96; chelal hand with 1–2 small tubercles with glandular pore on the antiaxial face close to the movable finger base; 1–3 microsetae between the trichobothria eb and esb, microsetae proximal eb absent (Figs 93, 96); fixed chelal finger with 99–106 (♂ ♀) contiguous and weakly pointed teeth; nodus ramosus subterminal; movable chelal finger with 91–105 (♂ ♀) teeth (6–7 teeth occupying 0.1 mm) with flat apex, apart from the distals which are pointed (Figs 93, 96); 25–34 teeth between the trichobothrium t and the apex of the movable finger; marginal sensillum at the level of the trichobothrium sb; all teeth with dental canals; trichobothria as in figs 92–93, 95–96, relative position of trichobothria along chelal axis (♂ ♀): et 0.12–0.15/ it 0.18– 0.19/ est 0.26 –0.28/ ist 0.44–0.48/ isb 0.63–0.69/ ib 0.80–0.84/ esb 0.86–0.90/ eb 0.92–0.97/ t 0.21–0.24/ st 0.35–0.38/ sb 0.60–0.66/ b 0.85–0.88; trichobothrium isb halfway between ib and ist or closer to ib than to ist, trichobothrium est closer to t than to st; ratio of movable finger/hand of chela with pedicel 1.08–1.41 (♂) or 1.10–1.32 (♀); ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable finger 0.98–1.11 (♂) or 1.00–1.07 (♀); ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.27–1.45 (♂) or 1.15–1.39 (♀). Leg IV (Fig. 91): trochanter 2.36–2.40 (♂) or 2.34–2.57 (♀) times as long as deep, femur + patella 3.62–4.31 (♂) or 3.59–4.13 (♀) times as long as deep, tibia 8.06–8.55 (TS = 0.37–0.55) (♂) or 6.67–8.40 (TS = 0.45–0.53) (♀), basitarsus 3.58–4.18 (TS = 0.15–0.16) (♂) or 3.11– 3.75 (TS = 0.16– 0.19) (♀), telotarsus 7.00– 7.88 (TS = 0.39–0.40) (♂) or 5.67–7.20 (TS = 0.41–0.45) (♀) times as long as deep; ratio of basitarsus/telotarsus 0.60–0.65 (♂) or 0.61–0.67 (♀), subterminal seta furcate, claws with dorsal tooth.</p><p>Measurements. Body length 3.3–4.0 (♂ ♀). Carapace 1.07–1.09 × 0.67–0.75 anteriorly (♂) or 1.07–1.22 × 0.73–0.82 anteriorly (♀). Chelicera 0.625–0.64 × 0.315–0.38 (♂) or 0.71–0.72 × 0.34–0.36 (♀); movable finger length 0.44–0.455 (♂) or 0.48–0.50 (♀). Pedipalp: trochanter 0.77–0.80 × 0.28–0.30 (♂) or 0.82–0.88 × 0.30–0.33 (♀); femur 1.36–1.55 × 0.255–0.28 (♂) or 1.36–1.59 × 0.27–0.31 (♀); patella 1.22–1.27 × 0.34–0.38 (♂) or 1.16– 1.36 × 0.34–0.41 (♀); chela with pedicel 2.35–2.46 × 0.49–0.56 (depth) (♂) or 2.35–2.61 × 0.54–0.63 (depth) (♀); hand with pedicel length 1.01–1.30 (♂) or 1.05–1.34 (♀); movable finger length 1.39–1.47 (♂) or 1.30–1.51 (♀). Leg IV: trochanter 0.495 –0.505 × 0.21 (♂) or 0.52–0.54 × 0.21–0.23 (♀); femur + patella 1.23–1.25 × 0.285 –0.345 (♂) or 1.22–1.26 × 0.30–0.34 (♀); tibia 1.24–1.29 × 0.145–0.16 (♂) or 1.19–1.20 × 0.15–0.18 (♀); basitarsus 0.43–0.46 × 0.11–0.12 (♂) or 0.42–0.45 × 0.12– 0.135 (♀); telotarsus 0.70–0.71 × 0.09–0.10 (♂) or 0.64–0.72 × 0.10–0.12 (♀).</p><p>Description of tritonymph. See Gardini &amp; Rizzerio (1986, 1987).</p><p>Remarks. Roncus siculus was described by Beier (1963a) based on specimens of both sexes from the cave Grotta di Palombara 7001 Si/SR near Syracuse, which was the only known locality of the species to date. Beier (1963a) initially considered Roncus siculus related to Roncus sardous Beier, 1955, from caves in central-eastern Sardinia, and later (Beier 1975) he related Roncus siculus to Roncus cassolai Beier, 1973 and Roncus baccettii Lazzeroni, 1969, both from caves in the Iglesiente, south-western Sardinia. Subsequently, Mahnert (1985) suggested an affinity between Roncus siculus and the troglobitic Roncus comasi from Tunisia.</p><p>Gardini &amp; Rizzerio (1986) redescribed some of the specimens of the type series of Roncus siculus (1♂, 1♀ and a tritonymph), designated the female as lectotype and included the species in a key to the Italian Roncus . It should be noted that, in the same paper, the redescription of the female lectotype of Roncus siculus reports incorrect measurements of leg IV, probably due to the failure to convert from micrometre-scale ones. Subsequently, Gardini &amp; Rizzerio (1987) provided further morphometric data from the examination of other topotypical specimens of Roncus siculus and proposed a key to the Roncus species of the Hyblean-Maltese-Tunisian complex, including Roncus siculus, Roncus comasi, Roncus carusoi, Roncus melitensis and Roncus aetnensis .</p><p>Roncus carusoi was described by Gardini &amp; Rizzerio (1987) based on a female and a tritonymph from two caves in the southern Iblean Plateau. The species was compared with Roncus siculus, from which it would differ mainly in having a lower degree of adaptive features to the hypogean habitat (eyes with residual lens in Roncus carusoi, eyes reduced to a weak spot in Roncus siculus) and in the number of tubercles on the paraxial face of the pedipalpal femur (three tubercles in Roncus carusoi, one or two tubercles in Roncus siculus). Comparison of females from the cave Pozzo Baronazzo―the type locality of Roncus carusoi ―and Grotta Genovesi with females from Grotta della Palombara―the type locality of Roncus siculus ―shows that the number of tubercles on the paraxial face of the pedipalpal femur is not a reliable discriminating character: one tubercle (rarely two) in specimens of Roncus siculus from Grotta della Palombara, three tubercles in the female holotype of Roncus carusoi and two tubercles in females from Grotta Genovesi. The limited number of specimens from the last two caves does not allow us to assess the stability of this character―which is, as already pointed out, also variable in epigean populations of Roncus abditus . In the absence of valid morphological characters to discriminate these populations, it is considered appropriate to attribute both the females from Pozzo Baronazzo and Grotta Genovesi, as well as the tritonymph from Grotta Papa, to Roncus siculus, and to propose Roncus carusoi Gardini &amp; Rizzerio, 1987 as a junior subjective synonym of Roncus siculus Beier, 1963 (syn. nov.).</p><p>The Grotta di Palombara, type locality of Roncus siculus, is about 10 kilometres from the Grotta Genovesi II and 20 kilometres from both Pozzo Baronazzo and Grotta Papa.</p><p>Roncus siculus, Roncus comasi and Roncus melitensis constitute, as already supposed by Gardini &amp; Rizzerio (1987), a strictly homogeneous group of species. The taxonomic status of the latter two, known only from two females each, will require further specimens of both sexes for clarification.</p><p>The redescription of Roncus siculus presented here incorporates the data of Gardini &amp; Rizzerio (1986, 1987) which, compared with Beier's original description (1963a), shows some discrepancies: the pedipalpal femur is weakly granular―not smooth―especially along the paraxial face, and it always―rather than sometimes―bears at least one tubercle on the paraxial face. In addition, the length of pedipalpal patella in males is 1.22-1.27 mm [1.35 mm in Beier (1963a)].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/176F87DAFFEFFF9FFF4CFF7886EAFED2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gardini, Giulio;Gardini, Pietro	Gardini, Giulio, Gardini, Pietro (2026): The epigean and subterranean pseudoscorpions of the genus Roncus from Sicily, with description of new species (Pseudoscorpiones: Neobisiidae). Zootaxa 5763 (2): 151-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.2.1
176F87DAFFEAFF81FF4CFF788208FA0E.text	176F87DAFFEAFF81FF4CFF788208FA0E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Roncus tuberculatus Gardini 1991	<div><p>Roncus tuberculatus Gardini, 1991</p><p>(Figs 97–113)</p><p>Roncus tuberculatus: Troiano 1990: 1, 3, figs 1, 3, 14–15 (nomen nudum).</p><p>Roncus tuberculatus Gardini 1991: 313–320, figs 1–13.</p><p>Type locality: Italy, Ligurian Alps, Piedmont, Caprauna, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=7.9391665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.137222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 7.9391665/lat 44.137222)">Mt Armetta</a> (44°08’14”N 7°56’21”E).</p><p>Distribution. Italy (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=7.9391665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.137222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 7.9391665/lat 44.137222)">Ligurian Alps</a> and Sicily).</p><p>Diagnosis (♂ ♀). A large-sized Roncus with epigean habitus that differs from other species from mainland Italy and Sicily in the following combination of characters: carapace with acute triangular epistome, posterior row with 6 setae, two eyes with flat lens; tergite I with 6 setae; cheliceral palm with 6 setae; pedipalpal trochanter, femur and chelal hand with granular surface, patella granular on paraxial face; fixed and movable chelal fingers with 63–79 and 56–75 teeth, respectively; about 20 teeth between the trichobothrium t and the apex of the movable chelal finger; pedipalpal femur 0.92–1.24 mm length (3.35–4.68 ×), with 1–3 (rarely without) tubercles on the proximal half of the paraxial face; patella 0.74–0.985 mm (2.11–2.52 ×), club/pedicel ratio = 1.6–2.0; chelal hand with a group of 3–10 microsetae proximal to trichobothrium eb; movable chelal finger 0.9–1.24 mm length; ratio of movable chelal finger/hand of chela with pedicel 1.03–1.22; ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable chelal finger 0.95–1.06; ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.05–1.23.</p><p>Type material examined. ITALY — Piedmont: Cuneo Province: 1♂ holotype, 22♂ 7 ♀ paratypes, Caprauna, Mt Armetta slope N, 1600 m a.s.l., fagetum, 17.VI.1985, G. Gardini, R, Rizzerio &amp; S. Zoia leg. ; 1♂ 3♀ paratypes, same locality, 1000 m a.s.l., 25.IX.1976, G. Gardini &amp; S. Zoia leg.; 32♂ 14♀ paratypes, same locality, 1600–1700 m a.s.l., 20.VI.1984, R. Rizzerio leg.; 7♂ 11♀ paratypes, same locality, 1690 m a.s.l., 8.VII.1986, S. Zoia leg. (Coll. G. Gardini, Genoa) .</p><p>Non-type material examined. ITALY — Sicily: Messina Prov.: 1♂ 1♀, Itala, Contrada Croce, 560 m a.s.l., 3.XI.2011, C. Baviera leg. ; 6♂ 11♀, Itala, Lampiello, Monte Scuderi, 3.XI.2011, C. Baviera leg. ; 1♀, Messina, Bordonaro, 20.III.2014, C. Baviera leg .; 8♂ 2♀ 3T, Rometta, Gimello, San Leone, 25.XI.2011, C. Baviera leg. ; 3♂ 1♀, San Pier Niceto, 6.IV.2013, C. Baviera leg. ; 1♂ 1♀, id., 20.IV.2013, C. Baviera leg .; 6♂ 2♀, id., 27, 28.IV.2013, C. Baviera leg.; 1♀, id., 1.II.2014, C. Baviera leg.; 2♂ 1♀, id., 16.II.2014, C. Baviera leg.; 1♂, id., 2.V.2015, C. Baviera leg .; 2♂ 2♀, San Pier Niceto, Fonte Paola, 1.IV.2013, C. Baviera leg. ; 2♂ 1♀, San Pier Niceto, Monte Liarusa, 11.X.2012, C. Baviera leg. ; 1♂ 2♀, id., 10.III.2013, C. Baviera leg .; 1♂, San Pier Niceto, Torrente Niceto, 18.IV.2013, C. Baviera leg. ; 2♂ 1♀, Santa Lucia del Mela, 20.IV.2013, C. Baviera leg.</p><p>Description of adults (♂ ♀) from Sicily. Carapace, chelicerae, pedipalps and palpal coxae red-brown; pedipalpal trochanter weakly granular dorsally, femur and chelal hand with evident granular surface, patella granulate on paraxial face, pleural membrane granulate. Carapace 1.3–1.4 (♂ ♀) times as long as broad, with two weak eyes with a slightly convex lens (diameter 0.09–0.11 mm), distance from eyes to anterior margin of carapace 0.10–0.11 mm; anterior margin of carapace with acute triangular epistome (0.04–0.05 mm length) (Fig. 97), anterior lateral process acute, slightly prominent; subbasal transverse furrow absent; standard chaetotaxy 4:8:6:6, subocular setae absent. Chaetotaxy of tergites I–X (♂ ♀): 6:8–11:10–11:10–12:10–12:10–12:11:11–12:11–12:9. Chaetotaxy of sternites II– X (♂): 23–27:(4)16–20(4):(3–4)10–13(3–4):12–15:13–16:13–16:14–16:13–16:13–15, lateral genital sacs tubular, median genital sac pear-shaped, reaching the base of sternite IV, genital atrium with 3+3 or 2+3 setae; genital area as in fig. 100; chaetotaxy of sternites II–X (♀): 12–16:(3–6)11–16(3–6):(3–5)9–11(3–4):13–15:14:15:14–15:14– 16:14. Chelicera (Fig. 98) 1.88–2.15 (♂ ♀) times as long as broad, palm with 6 setae; fixed finger with 9–14 teeth; movable finger with 10–12 teeth, the largest just distad gs; gs ratio 0.64–0.71, spinneret slightly prominent in both males and females; rallum with one short proximal blade and 7 longer blades, all blades anteriorly combed; serrulae interior and exterior with about 25 and 34 blades, respectively. Manducatory process with 4 (rarely 3) setae. Coxal setae (♂ ♀): pedipalp 8 (rarely 7 or 9), I 6–7, II 6–7 (rarely 5 or 8), III 5, IV 8 (rarely 7 or 9); anterolateral process of coxa I pointed, anteromedial process apically rounded (Fig. 99). Pedipalp (Figs 101, 103–104): trochanter weakly granulate, 2.13–2.36 (♂ ♀) times as long as broad, with one small tubercle and one protuberance on antiaxial face; femur 4.16–4.68 (♂) or 3.93–4.20 (♀) times as long as broad, subparallel in the distal in the distal two thirds, with one tubercle proximally the half of the antiaxial face, 2 weak dorso-distal tubercles with glandular pore, and 1–3 prominent tubercles on the first half of the paraxial face (the latter rarely absent and sometimes in varying numbers even between right and left femurs of the same specimen), granulation as in fig. 101; patella with globose club, 2.30–2.52 (♂) or 2.18–2.31 (♀) times as long as broad, with granular surface on paraxial face, with one weak dorso-distal tubercle with glandular pore and one micropore at base of dorsal face of pedicel; club/pedicel ratio of patella = 1.7–1.9; chela with pedicel 3.35–3.50 (♂) or 3.06–3.26 (♀) times as long as broad; hand of chela with pedicel 1.61–1.74 (♂) or 1.52–1.70 (♀) times as long as broad, with an oval profile and its maximum width just proximal to the middle (dorsal view), granulation as in figs 103–104; chelal hand with a group of 7–13 microsetae around the trichobothria eb and esb, of which 3–10 proximal eb (Figs 105–110), and a tubercle with a glandular pore on the antiaxial face close to the movable finger base; one micropore at base of dorsal face of pedicel; fixed chelal finger with 63–75 (♂ ♀) contiguous and pointed teeth; nodus ramosus subterminal; movable chelal finger with 56–71 (♂ ♀) teeth (5–6 teeth occupying 0.1 mm), of which the distal 10–12 pointed, the others with a flat apex (Fig. 104); about 20 teeth between the trichobothrium t and the apex of the finger; marginal sensillum at level of trichobothrium sb or just distal to it; all teeth with dental canals; trichobothria as in figs 103–104, relative position of trichobothria along chelal axis (♂ ♀): et 0.145–0.17/ it 0.155–0.20/ est 0.26 –0.29/ ist 0.41–0.46/ isb 0.59–0.69/ ib 0.72–0.78/ esb 0.82–0.86/ eb 0.90–0.93/ t 0.22–0.26/ st 0.32–0.38/ sb 0.56–0.64/ b 0.83–0.85; trichobothrium isb halfway between ib and ist or closer to ib than to ist, trichobothrium est closer to t than to st; ratio movable chelal finger/hand of chela with pedicel 1.03–1.22 (♂ ♀); ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable finger 0.96–1.05 (♂ ♀); ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.05–1.23 (♂ ♀). Leg IV (Fig. 102): trochanter 2.00–2.40 (♂ ♀) times as long as deep, femur + patella 2.97–3.30 (♂ ♀) times as long as deep, tibia 5.10–5.82 (♂ ♀) times (TS = 0.55–0.59), basitarsus 2.25–2.91 (♂ ♀) times (TS = 0.14–0.20), telotarsus 4.23–5.20 (♂ ♀) times as long as deep (TS = 0.34–0.42), ratio of basitarsus/ telotarsus 0.55–0.65 (♂ ♀), subterminal seta furcate, claws with dorsal tooth.</p><p>Measurements. Body length 3.15–3.55 (♂ ♀). Carapace 0.94–1.06 × 0.69–0.80 anteriorly (♂) or 1.00–1.08 × 0.76–0.80 anteriorly (♀). Chelicera 0.62–0.69 × 0.30–0.335 (♂) or 0.68–0.735 × 0.34–0.38 (♀); movable finger length 0.43–0.45 (♂) or 0.47–0.515 (♀). Pedipalp: trochanter 0.62–0.71 × 0.275–0.32 (♂) or 0.71–0.72 × 0.30– 0.325 (♀); femur 1.06–1.24 × 0.255–0.30 (♂) or 1.12–1.24 × 0.285–0.30 (♀); patella 0.85–0.96 × 0.36–0.40 (♂) or 0.86–0.96 × 0.395 –0.415 (♀); chela with pedicel 1.88–2.09 × 0.54–0.615 (depth 0.52–0.61) (♂) or 1.86–2.14 × 0.60–0.655 (depth 0.59–0.645) (♀); hand with pedicel length 0.92–1.03 (♂) or 0.92–1.10 (♀); movable finger length 1.10–1.24 (♂) or 1.09–1.22 (♀). Leg IV: trochanter 0.46–0.51 × 0.195 –0.225 (♂ ♀); femur + patella 0.97– 1.05 × 0.31–0.35 (♂) or 1.07–1.10 × 0.315–0.36 (♀); tibia 0.83–0.96 × 0.15–0.18 (♂) or 0.87–0.99 × 0.15–0.165 (♀); basitarsus 0.30–0.35 × 0.11–0.125 (♂) or 0.31–0.36 × 0.12–0.145 (♀); telotarsus 0.50–0.55 × 0.095 –0.115 (♂) or 0.51–0.55 × 0.11–0.13 (♀).</p><p>Description of tritonymph from Rometta, Gimello (25.XI.2011). Carapace, chelicerae, pedipalps and palpal coxae red-brown pale; pedipalpal femur and chelal hand with evident granular surface, patella smooth, pleural membrane granulate. Carapace 1.31–1.37 times as long as broad, with two weak eyes; anterior margin of carapace with triangular, not acuminate epistome; chaetotaxy 4:8:6:6, subocular setae absent. Chaetotaxy of tergites I–X: 6:6–8:8–10:10:10:10:10:10:9–11:9. Chaetotaxy of sternites II–X: 6:(3)7(3):(3)8(3):12:13:12:12:11:11. Chelicera 1.79–1.81 times as long as broad, palm with 6 setae; fixed finger with 12–14 teeth; movable finger with 9–13 teeth, the largest just distad gs; gs ratio 0.68–0.70, spinneret not prominent; rallum with one short proximal blade and 6 longer blades, all blades anteriorly combed, except the first one which is apparently smooth. Manducatory process with 3 setae. Coxal setae: pedipalp 7, I 5, II 5, III 4, IV 5–6; anterolateral process of coxa I prominent and pointed, anteromedial process apically rounded. Pedipalp: trochanter 2.09–2.21 times as long as broad; femur weakly granulate, 3.36–3.46 times as long as broad, with one tubercle proximally the half of the antiaxial face, one weak dorso-distal tubercle with glandular pore, and one prominent tubercle halfway the paraxial face; patella with smooth surface, 2.12–2.23 times as long as broad, with one weak dorso-distal tubercle with glandular pore and one micropore at base of dorsal face of pedicel; chela with pedicel 3.10–3.21 times as long as broad; hand of chela with pedicel 1.60–1.65 times as long as broad, weakly granulate, with 1–3 microsetae between the trichobothria eb and esb and 3–4 microsetae proximal to trichobothrium eb (Figs 111–112); fixed chelal finger with 50 contiguous and pointed teeth; nodus ramosus subterminal; movable chelal finger with 48–50 teeth, of which 20 between the trichobothrium t and the apex of the finger; marginal sensillum halfway between b and st or closer to st than to t; all teeth with dental canals; relative position of trichobothria along chelal axis: et 0.21–0.225/ it 0.23–0.26/ est 0.34 –0.36/ ist 0.50/ ib 0.75–0.78/ esb 0.80–0.82/ eb 0.87–0.88/ t 0.33–0.34/ st 0.49–0.55/ b 0.82; ratio of movable chelal finger/hand of chela with pedicel 1.10–1.11; ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable finger 0.98–1.04; ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 0.94–1.02. Leg IV: trochanter 2.0 times as long as deep, femur + patella 2.96–3.19 times as long as deep, tibia 4.54–4.92 times (TS = 0.52–0.54), basitarsus 2.55–2.63 times (TS = 0.18–0.20), telotarsus 4.11–4.22 times as long as deep (TS = 0.31–0.37), ratio of basitarsus/telotarsus 0.62–0.65, subterminal seta furcate, claws with dorsal tooth.</p><p>Measurements. Body length 2.3–2.5. Carapace 0.73–0.76 × 0.53–0.58 anteriorly. Chelicera 0.43–0.48 × 0.24– 0.265; movable finger length 0.29–0.335. Pedipalp: trochanter 0.42–0.46 × 0.19–0.22; femur 0.69–0.78 × 0.205 – 0.225; patella 0.53–0.615 × 0.25–0.275; chela with pedicel 1.16–1.38 × 0.37–0.43 (depth 0.375–0.43); hand with pedicel length 0.60–0.71; movable finger length 0.66–0.79. Leg IV: trochanter 0.31–0.33 × 0.155 –0.165; femur + patella 0.67–0.74 × 0.21–0.25; tibia 0.59–0.64 × 0.13; basitarsus 0.23–0.25 × 0.09–0.095; telotarsus 0.37–0.38 × 0.09.</p><p>Remarks. Roncus tuberculatus was described by Gardini (1991) based on numerous specimens of all stages and both sexes from Mount Armetta (Caprauna, province of Cuneo, Piedmont) and other nearby localities in the Ligurian Alps, between Piedmont and western Liguria. The species is characterised by its large size, the reddishbrown colour of the pedipalps, which are strongly granular, and above all by the presence of microsetae proximal to the trichobothrium eb and by 1–3 tubercles on the paraxial face of pedipalpal femur (absent in many specimens from the Melogno forest, Liguria).</p><p>Gardini (1991) considered Roncus tuberculatus to be related to Roncus andreinii (di Caporiacco, 1925) from Liguria and Tuscany, based solely on the presence in both species of microsetae proximal to the trichobothrium eb. In reality, Roncus andreinii is a small, yellow-brown species, with weakly granular pedipalps, always lacking tubercles on the pedipalpal femur, and is probably related to the true Roncus lubricus L. Koch, 1873 as redescribed by Gardini (1983).</p><p>The Sicilian specimens attributed to Roncus tuberculatus, known only from the Peloritani Mountains (Fig. 113), show morphological similarities with those from the Ligurian Alps. Such a disjunct distribution may appear surprising, but it should be noted that very little is known about the epigean Roncus species of the Apennines, from Liguria to Calabria. Moreover, from a geological and palaeogeographical perspective, the Peloritani Mountains are distinct from the rest of Sicily, belonging instead to the same structural unit as Calabria (Rosenbaum et al. 2002). The complex geological and palaeogeographical history of what used to be called the Calabro-Peloritanian block, which also involved Sardinia, has been critically discussed and recently updated by Siravo &amp; Speranza (2024).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/176F87DAFFEAFF81FF4CFF788208FA0E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gardini, Giulio;Gardini, Pietro	Gardini, Giulio, Gardini, Pietro (2026): The epigean and subterranean pseudoscorpions of the genus Roncus from Sicily, with description of new species (Pseudoscorpiones: Neobisiidae). Zootaxa 5763 (2): 151-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.2.1
176F87DAFFF5FF80FF4CFA0082E4FB00.text	176F87DAFFF5FF80FF4CFA0082E4FB00.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Roncus L. Koch 1873	<div><p>Key to adults of the Roncus species from Sicily, including the subterranean species from Malta and Tunisia.</p><p>1 – No microsetae proximal to trichobothrium eb (Figs 13–20); movable chelal finger 0.49–0.83 or 1.15–1.71 mm length (♂ ♀); fixed chelal finger with 38–60 or 87–120 teeth (♂ ♀)..................................................... 2</p><p>1’ – Three to ten microsetae proximal to trichobothrium eb (Figs 105–112); movable chelal finger 0.90–1.24 mm length (♂ ♀); fixed chelal finger with 63–79 teeth (♂ ♀). (Epigean species from Ligurian Alps and NE Sicily: Peloritani Mountains)....................................................................... Roncus tuberculatus Gardini, 1991</p><p>2 – Subterranean species, anophthalmic or with reduced eyes; larger size: pedipalpal femur 1.03–1.85, patella 0.83–1.68, chela with pedicel 1.79–3.00, movable chelal finger 1.15–1.71 mm length (♂ ♀); fixed and movable chelal fingers with 87–120 and 82–116 teeth (♂ ♀), respectively.................................................................. 3</p><p>2’ – Epigean species with developed eyes; smaller size: pedipalpal femur 0.52–0.84, patella 0.42–0.71, chela with pedicel 0.965–1.46, movable chelal finger 0.49–0.83 mm length (♂ ♀); fixed and movable chelal fingers with 38–60 and 42–58 teeth (♂ ♀), respectively. ( Epigean species from Corsica, mainland Italy from Tuscany to Campania, Sicily and Sardinia).................................................................... Roncus abditus (Chamberlin, 1930)</p><p>3 – Larger size: pedipalpal femur 1.36–1.85, chela with pedicel 2.34–3.00 mm length (♂ ♀); ratio between movable finger and hand of chela with pedicel lengths 1.06–1.41 (♂ ♀); ratio between pedipalpal femur and movable finger lengths 0.96–1.11 (♂ ♀); movable chelal finger with 5–7 teeth occupying 0.1 mm (♂ ♀); sternite II of male with no more than 27 setae... 4</p><p>3’ – Smaller size: pedipalpal femur 1.03–1.18, chela with pedicel 1.79–2.05 mm length (♂ ♀); ratio between movable finger and hand of chela with pedicel lengths 1.53–1.60 (♂ ♀); ratio between pedipalpal femur and movable finger lengths 0.88–0.89 (♂ ♀); movable chelal finger with 8–9 teeth occupying 0.1 mm (♂ ♀); sternite II of male with 38 setae. ( Subterranean species from NW Sicily)......................................................... Roncus bavierai sp. nov .</p><p>4 – Pedipalpal patella more slender, 3.68–4.74 times as long as broad (♂ ♀); fixed and movable chelal fingers with 111–120 and 102–116 teeth (♂ ♀), respectively...................................................................... 5</p><p>4’ – Pedipalpal patella less slender, 2.64–3.59 times as long as broad (♂ ♀); fixed and movable chelal fingers with 87–106 and 82–105 teeth (♂ ♀), respectively....................................................................... 6</p><p>5 – Anophthalmic; pedipalps more slender: femur 6.17–6.43, patella 4.54–4.74 times as long as broad (♂ ♀), chela with pedicel 5.20–5.54 times as long as deep (♂ ♀); pedipalpal femur without tubercles on the paraxial face; no microsetae between trichobothria esb–eb. ( Subterranean species from NW Sicily)............................ Roncus magrinii sp. nov .</p><p>5’ – With very weak eye spots; pedipalps less slender: femur 5.48–5.96, patella 3.68–3.95 times as long as broad (♂ ♀), chela with pedicel 4.16–5.05 times as long as deep (♂ ♀); pedipalpal femur with 3–4 tubercles on the paraxial face; 1–3 microsetae between trichobothria esb–eb. ( Subterranean species from the Iblean Plateau, SE Sicily)...... Roncus nicolosii sp. nov .</p><p>6 – Eyes with flat lens................................................................................. 7</p><p>6’ – Anophthalmic or with weak eye spots................................................................. 8</p><p>7 – Club/pedicel ratio of pedipalpal patella = 1.50–1.70 (♂ ♀); trichobotrium isb at the same distance from both ist and ib; 3–5 microsetae between trichobothria esb–eb. (Subterranean species from the Etna area and NE Sicily: Madonie and Mt Nebrodi)...................................................... Roncus aetnensis Gardini &amp; Rizzerio, 1987</p><p>7’ – Club/pedicel ratio of pedipalpal patella = 1.30–1.38 (♂ ♀); trichobotrium isb closer to ist than to ib; 8 microsetae between trichobothria esb–eb. ( Subterranean species from the Iblean Plateau, SE Sicily)............ Roncus gallettiae sp. nov .</p><p>8 – Pedipalpal patella with a narrower, slightly globular club, sometimes with subparallel sides, and with a slenderer pedicel; patella 3.18–3.59 times as long as broad (♂ ♀)........................................................... 9</p><p>8’ – Pedipalpal patella with globular club and a squat pedicel; patella 2.64–2.91 times as long as broad (♂ ♀). ( Subterranean species from the Iblean Plateau, SE Sicily)........................................... Roncus hyblaeus sp. nov .</p><p>9 – Club/pedicel ratio of pedipalpal patella = 1.29–1.58 (♂ ♀); pedipalpal femur with 1–3 tubercles on the paraxial face... 10</p><p>9’ – Club/pedicel ratio of pedipalpal patella = 1.10–1.18 (♀); pedipalpal femur without tubercles on the paraxial face. ( Subterranean species from N Tunisia).......................................... Roncus comasi Mahnert, 1985</p><p>10 – Anophthalmic; larger size: pedipalpal femur 1.66–1.69, patella 1.43, chela with pedicel 2.75–2.86, movable chelal finger 1.59–1.60 mm length (♀); pedipalpal chela 3.67–3.81 times as long as deep (♀). ( Subterranean species from Malta Isl.)............................................................... Roncus melitensis Gardini &amp; Rizzerio, 1987</p><p>10’ – With weak eye spots; smaller size: pedipalpal femur 1.36–1.59, patella 1.16–1.36, chela with pedicel 2.35–2.61, movable chelal finger 1.30–1.51 mm length (♂ ♀); pedipalpal chela 4.10–4.87 times as long as deep (♂ ♀). ( Subterranean species from the Iblean Plateau, SE Sicily)................................................ Roncus siculus Beier, 1963</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/176F87DAFFF5FF80FF4CFA0082E4FB00	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gardini, Giulio;Gardini, Pietro	Gardini, Giulio, Gardini, Pietro (2026): The epigean and subterranean pseudoscorpions of the genus Roncus from Sicily, with description of new species (Pseudoscorpiones: Neobisiidae). Zootaxa 5763 (2): 151-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.2.1
