identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
133DC6CD3E415CE9B9BB56A878C73619.text	133DC6CD3E415CE9B9BB56A878C73619.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fynbosia Englund, Staude & Sihvonen 2026	<div><p>Fynbosia Englund, Staude &amp; Sihvonen gen. nov.</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Fynbosia horingaria Englund, Staude &amp; Sihvonen, sp. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Southern African genus of subfamily Larentiinae ( Lepidoptera: Geometridae) present at Cape Floristic Region not attributable or closely related to any described tribus of Larentiinae . Nocturnal small-sized moths with conspicuous male antenna with long ciliated rami, female antenna filiform. Vestigial, defunct proboscis and minuscule two-segmented labial palpi. Adult resting position, small size and elongated fore wing shape resembling those present in genera of Eupitheciini, but the structures of male antenna, proboscis, labial palpi, genitalia, and molecular phylogeny not compatible to any genera of that tribus.</p><p>Barcode (COI) 658 bp sequence minimum K 2 P distance to closest species ( Rheumaptera hastata and Xanthorhoe abrasaria)&gt; 9 %. Closest sister lineage Brabirodes (Brabirodini) based on multigene 4980 bp maximum likelihood phylogenetic estimation.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Fynbos (&gt; Afrikaans = fine bush) refers to the biome of Cape Floristic Region, where the type taxa reside.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/133DC6CD3E415CE9B9BB56A878C73619	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Englund, Mikael;Laiho, Elina;Lee, Kyung Min;Staude, Hermann;Söderholm, Max;Sihvonen, Pasi	Englund, Mikael, Laiho, Elina, Lee, Kyung Min, Staude, Hermann, Söderholm, Max, Sihvonen, Pasi (2026): A new lineage of looper moths discovered in the South African Cape Floristic Region (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). ZooKeys 1267: 337-354, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1267.174407
8C6C69E9E369591BBEE0C3BC82D0A2F1.text	8C6C69E9E369591BBEE0C3BC82D0A2F1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fynbosia horingaria Englund, Staude & Sihvonen 2026	<div><p>Fynbosia horingaria Englund, Staude &amp; Sihvonen sp. nov.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype • ♂ (Figs 3 A, 3 C, 5 A, 6 A), South Africa: Calitzdorp, Swartberg, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.33&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.373" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.33/lat -33.373)">farm Zandrivier</a>, 33.373°S, 21.330°E, 1200 m, 28 Apr. 2022, Mikael Englund leg., DNA sample ME 09, gen. prep. PS 2872, micro-CT scan MS 2, coll. Ditsong Museum of Natural History, Pretoria, South Africa . Paratypes (5 ♂♂) • ♂ (Fig. 3 E), South Africa: Western Cape, 40 km SE of Calitzdorp, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.317&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.351" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.317/lat -33.351)">farm Zandrivier</a>, dry renosterveld – nama karoo 33.351°S, 21.317°E, 1200 m, 28–29 Apr. 2022, Mikael Englund, Pasi Sihvonen, Hermann Staude leg., DNA sample PS 1641, photo PMS_31002, coll. Englund, Finland ; • ♂ (Fig. 3 F), South Africa: Western Cape, 40 km SE of Calitzdorp, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.317&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.351" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.317/lat -33.351)">farm Zandrivier</a>, dry renosterveld – nama karoo 33.351°S, 21.317°E, 1200 m, 28–29 Apr. 2022, Mikael Englund, Pasi Sihvonen, Hermann Staude leg., DNA sample PS 1659, photo PMS _ 31003, micro-CT scan MS 184, coll. Sihvonen, Finland ; • ♂ South Africa: Western Cape, Calitzdorp, Seweweekspoort, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.4017&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.4057" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.4017/lat -33.4057)">Aristata</a>, riverine fynbos, 33.4057°S, 21.4017°E, 12 Apr. 2023, A. Hofmann &amp; J. Meineke, coll. Staude, South Africa ; • ♂ South Africa: Western Cape, Calitzdorp, Seweweekspoort, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.4017&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.4057" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.4017/lat -33.4057)">Aristata</a>, riverine fynbos, 33.4057°S, 21.4017°E, 12 Apr. 2023, A. Hofmann &amp; J. Meineke, coll. State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Germany .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Adult male F. horingaria sp. nov. distinguishable from F. unicaria sp. nov. based on the wing patterns and genitalia. Both fore- and hindwing medial lines evenly rounded, not sharply angled near costa as in F. unicaria sp. nov., best visible on the wing undersides. Discal spots prominent, blackish, triangular in forewings (Figs 3, 6; Key 1). Male genitalia weakly sclerotized, but distinguishable from F. unicaria sp. nov. by the broader valva and elongated saccus (Figs 6, 8; Key 2). Average mtCOI genetic distance to F. unicaria sp. nov. is 5 %.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Adults.</p><p>Head: Frons and vertex covered with light brown scales, mixed with some scattered dark brown scales, a string of hair-like scales protruding at the posterior margin of head, compound eye naked. Labial palpi short, with just two segments (Fig. 5 B), length less than 1 / 5 of eye diameter, oriented ventrally, covered with yellowish ochreous scales; vom Rath’s organ cavity on the tip of the terminal palpomere. Proboscis vestigial, hardly visible between labial palpi, apparently defunct. Male antenna (Figs 3, 6, 7) bipectinate, flagella dorsally covered with ochraceous cells, flagellomeres light brown, except for the blackish swollen end of each flagellomere, ramus black, conspicuously long, length up to twice the diameter of compound eye, abundant long cilia covering the ramus. Female antenna filiform.</p><p>Thorax: Covered with mixed light to dark brown scales. Spur pattern on legs 0–0 – 2.</p><p>Abdomen: Segments covered with brown scales of varying tone, mottled with blackish scales. Some long hair-like scales extending distally from the proximal segments of the male abdomen. Bowl-shaped paired tympanal organs laterally in the segments 1 + 2, tip of ansa slightly swollen.</p><p>Wings (Figs 3 A, 3 C, 5 A, 6 A): Forewing triangular, elongated, termen slightly convex from apex until midwing (M 3), tornus round, without distinct transition from termen to dorsum. Wingspan 18–21 mm. Forewing ground colour ranging from light to medium brown with several dark wavy transverse lines most pronounced at costa. Proximal parts of medial and subcostal areas lighter brown than rest of forewing. Basal area with hazel brown tone. Discal spot distinct, triangular, blackish. Three dark brown blotches in terminal area, largest situated medially, smaller ones towards apex and tornus. Ante- and postmedial lines dark, evenly rounding inwards near costa in both fore- and hindwings. Hind wing apex rather sharply angled, discal spot dark. Terminal area lighter with darker suffuse plots forming discontinuous wavy line. Markings on hindwings more distinct on underside.</p><p>Genitalia: Male (Figs 6 B, 8 A – E): Genitalia generally weakly sclerotised with few diagnostic ornaments, except for uncus and gnathos. Valva wide, costa evenly rounded. Uncus rather well sclerotised, prominent with evenly downward hooking tip, juxta sclerotised with saddle-form upward hooking tip. Saccus elongated, aedeagus lacking cornuti.</p><p>Female genitalia unknown.</p><p>Immature stages unknown.</p><p>Genetic data.</p><p>GenBank accession numbers PV 988405 – PV 988410.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Horing (&gt; Afrikaans = horn); pertaining to the large and conspicuous, plume-like antennae of the male.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8C6C69E9E369591BBEE0C3BC82D0A2F1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Englund, Mikael;Laiho, Elina;Lee, Kyung Min;Staude, Hermann;Söderholm, Max;Sihvonen, Pasi	Englund, Mikael, Laiho, Elina, Lee, Kyung Min, Staude, Hermann, Söderholm, Max, Sihvonen, Pasi (2026): A new lineage of looper moths discovered in the South African Cape Floristic Region (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). ZooKeys 1267: 337-354, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1267.174407
D3AD5F36BA325667AFD9145402272C63.text	D3AD5F36BA325667AFD9145402272C63.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fynbosia unicaria Englund, Staude & Sihvonen 2026	<div><p>Fynbosia unicaria Englund, Staude &amp; Sihvonen sp. nov.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype • ♂ (Figs 3 B, 3 D, 6 C), South Africa: Northern Cape, Calvinia, Hantamsberg, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.785&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.377" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.785/lat -33.377)">Van Rhynshoek</a>, 33.377°S, 19.785°E, 1577 m, Renosterveld gonnabos, 31 Mar. 2022, leg. H. S. Staude, DNA sample ME 81, gen. prep. PS 2919, micro-CT scan MS 125, coll. Ditsong Museum of Natural History, Pretoria, South Africa .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Adult male F. unicaria sp. nov. distinguishable from F. horingaria sp. nov. based on the wing patterns and genitalia. Both fore- and hindwing medial lines sharply angled near costa, not evenly rounded as in F. horingaria sp. nov., best visible on the wing undersides. Discal spots suffuse, dark, streak-like in forewings (Figs 3, 6; Key 1). Male genitalia weakly sclerotized, but distinguishable from F. unicaria sp. nov. by the narrower valva and short, blunt saccus (Figs 6, 8; Key 2). Average mtCOI genetic distance to F. horingaria sp. nov. is 5 %.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Adults (male).</p><p>Head: Frons and vertex covered with light brown scales, string of hair-like scales protruding at posterior margin of head, compound eye naked. Labial palpi extremely short, length less than 1 / 5 of eye diameter, oriented ventrally, hardly visible between eyes, proboscis vestigial, defunct. Male antenna (Figs 3 B, 3 D, 6 C) bipectinate, proximal third of flagella dorsally covered with dark brown scales, two distal thirds covered with ochraceous cells scattered with darker brown scales, ramus black, conspicuously long, length up to 1.5 times diameter of compound eye, abundant long cilia covering ramus.</p><p>Thorax: Covered with brown scales of varying tone. Spur pattern on legs 0–0 – 2.</p><p>Abdomen: Segments covered with brown scales of varying tone, mottled with blackish scales. Some long hair-like scales extending distally from proximal segments of male abdomen.</p><p>Wings (Figs 3 B, 3 D, 6 C): Forewing triangular, elongated, narrow, costa and termen almost straight, tornus round, without distinct transition from termen to dorsum, wingspan 20 mm. Forewing ground colour grey-brown, medial and terminal areas darker than rest of forewing, postmedial line almost straight, bordered distally with broad, suffuse hazel brown margin, turning inwards at sharp angle before touching costa. Discal spot stripe-like, black. Hindwings echoing forewing ornamentation pattern in less pronounced manner; postmedial line sharply angled, discal spot small, round, black. Dark, suffuse blotches in terminal area.</p><p>Genitalia: Male (Figs 6 D, 8 F – K): Genitalia generally weakly sclerotised and simple, except for the tip of gnathos. Few diagnostic features. Valva narrow, costa straight. Saccus short, borders almost straight, forming roughly right angle at tip. Aedeagus without well-sclerotised cornuti.</p><p>Female and immature stages unknown.</p><p>Genetic data.</p><p>GenBank accession numbers PV 988411 – PV 988416.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Unicus (&gt; Latin = sole, only); pertaining to the rarity and solitary known specimen of the species at the time of description.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D3AD5F36BA325667AFD9145402272C63	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Englund, Mikael;Laiho, Elina;Lee, Kyung Min;Staude, Hermann;Söderholm, Max;Sihvonen, Pasi	Englund, Mikael, Laiho, Elina, Lee, Kyung Min, Staude, Hermann, Söderholm, Max, Sihvonen, Pasi (2026): A new lineage of looper moths discovered in the South African Cape Floristic Region (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). ZooKeys 1267: 337-354, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1267.174407
