taxonID	type	description	language	source
6019203B28275126925C7B3160E21525.taxon	description	Figs 1, 2, 3, 4	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
6019203B28275126925C7B3160E21525.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Larva. Following combination of characters differentiate Baetis procul sp. nov. from other species of Baetis, some of the characters also from the most similar species Baetis taiwanensis Müller-Liebenau, 1985: tergalii present on abdominal segments I – VII; hind protopteron developed; abdominal terga I – VIII grey-brown, with distinct sublateral pale areas; femur with yellowish to yellow-brown, subapical spot on anterior side.	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
6019203B28275126925C7B3160E21525.taxon	description	Description. Larva (Figs 1 – 3). Body length 3.1 – 4.0 mm. Cerci ~ ½ body length; paracercus ~ ⅓ of body length. Antenna: ~ 2 × head length. Colouration (Figs 1 a – d, 3 a, i). Head and thorax dorsally grey with indistinct yellowish grey pattern as in Fig. 1 a, c. Abdominal terga I – VIII dorsally grey-brown, with distinct sublateral, yellowish grey markings; terga IX and X yellowish grey. Fore protoptera grey. Thorax and abdomen ventrally pale yellowish grey, laterally with grey streaks. Legs off-white, femur distomedially with grey marking, tibia and tarsus distally darker. Caudalii off-white, with dark brown section in middle part, cerci with additional dark brown section subdistally. Labrum (Fig. 2 a, b). Sub-rectangular, length 0.6 × maximum width. Distal margin with medial emargination and small process. Dorsally with pair of submedian setae, and submarginal arc of three or four medium to long, simple setae on each side. Ventrally with marginal row of setae composed of anterolateral long, feathered setae and medial long, bifid, feathered setae. Right mandible (Fig. 2 f). Incisor and kinetodontium fused. Incisor with five denticles; kinetodontium with three denticles. Prostheca robust, apically denticulate. Margin between prostheca and mola slightly convex, smooth. Tuft of setae on proximal corner of mola present. Left mandible (Fig. 2 e). Incisor and kinetodontium fused. Incisor with four denticles, kinetodontium with three denticles. Prostheca robust, apicolaterally with small denticles and comb-shaped structure. Margin between prostheca and mola almost straight, with few minute denticles. Tuft of setae on proximal corner of mola absent. Both mandibles with lateral margins almost straight. Hypopharynx and superlinguae (Fig. 2 d). Lingua approx. as long as superlinguae. Lingua longer than broad; medial tuft of stout setae poorly developed, short. Superlinguae with lateral margins rounded; fine, long, simple setae along distal margin. Maxilla (Fig. 2 g). Galea-lacinia ventrally with two simple, apical setae below canines. Medially with one feathered, spine-like seta and three short to long, simple setae. Maxillary palp slightly longer than length of galea-lacinia; 2 - segmented; palp segment II ~ 1.1 × as long as segment I; setae on maxillary palp fine, simple, scattered over surface of segments I and II; apex of segment II slightly pointed. Labium (Fig. 2 c). Glossa basally broad, narrowing toward apex; shorter than paraglossa; inner margin with ~ 7 spine-like seta; apex with three long robust setae; outer margin with ~ 3 spine-like setae; ventral surface with fine, simple, scattered setae. Paraglossa sub-rectangular, slightly curved inward; apex rounded; with three rows of long, robust, distally pectinate setae in apical area and two short, simple setae in anteromedial area; dorsally with four long, spine-like setae near inner margin. Labial palp with segment I approx. as long as length of segments II and III combined. Segment II without developed distomedial protuberance; dorsally with two or three spine-like setae near outer margin. Segment III nearly semicircular; length ~ 0.8 × maximal width; ventrally covered with short, spine-like, simple setae and short, fine, simple setae. Hind protoptera (Fig. 2 i) present, well developed. Legs (Fig. 3 a – h). Ratio of foreleg segments 1.5: 1.0: 0.8: 0.3, middle leg 1.6: 1.0: 0.8: 0.4, hind leg 1.5: 1.0: 0.7: 0.3. Femur. Femur length ~ 3 × maximum width. Outer margin with a row of 9 – 17 spine-like setae; length of setae ~ 0.3 × maximum width of femur. Apex rounded, with pair of spine-like setae and short, stout, apically blunt setae. Stout, lanceolate, pointed setae scattered along inner margin; femoral patch well developed on all legs. Tibia. Outer margin with row of short, stout, pointed setae. Inner margin with spaced row of short, spine-like setae, on apex tuft of fine, simple setae. Patella-tibial suture present on basal ¾. Tarsus. Outer margin with spaced row of short, stout, pointed setae. Inner margin with row of curved, spine-like setae increasing in length distally. Claw with one row of 13 – 15 denticles; distally pointed. Abdominal terga (Fig. 3 i, j). Surface with irregular rows of U-shaped scale bases. Posterior margin of terga: I – VIII with small, short, rounded, transparent spines; IX with longer, acute, triangular, spines. Abdominal sterna (Fig. 3 j). Posterior margin of sterna: I – VIII smooth, without spines; IX laterally with small, triangular spines. Tergalii (Fig. 3 k, l). Present on segments I – VII. Skew oval in shape, margin with small denticles intercalating fine, simple setae. Tergalius I as long as length of segment II; tergalius IV as long as segments V and VI combined; tergalius VII slightly longer than segment VIII. Paraproct (Fig. 3 m). Distally not expanded, with five or six stout, marginal spines. Cercotractor with numerous small, marginal spines. Imago. Male. Unknown.	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
6019203B28275126925C7B3160E21525.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Imago, female. Following characters differentiate Baetis procul sp. nov. from Baetis taiwanensis Müller-Liebenau, 1985 (Fujitani et al. 2004: figs 3, 6): hindwing narrower, with anal margin concave; costal process more developed.	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
6019203B28275126925C7B3160E21525.taxon	description	Description. Imago, female (Fig. 4 a – f). Body length ~ 3.2 mm, fore wing length ~ 3.9 mm, hind wing length ~ 0.5 mm. Head and antennae dark brown. Thorax and abdomen grey-brown. Fore wing with membrane colourless, base of wings slightly brownish; veins brown, covered with very fine setae; pterostigma with four oblique crossveins, mostly nearly complete. Hind wing very small, narrow, anal margin concave; with two nearly parallel, longitudinal veins; costal margin with distinct process in basal ½; veins grey-brown, covered with very fine setae similar to fore wing. Legs grey-brown; femur anteriorly with diffuse reddish brown colour, more developed on foreleg.	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
6019203B28275126925C7B3160E21525.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name procul, meaning “ far away ” or “ at a distance ” in Latin, refers to the large geographic distance of this new species to other known Baetis species (see discussion).	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
6019203B28275126925C7B3160E21525.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Fiji, Viti Levu (Fig. 39 a).	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
FA2598CA45AE547CA1C42BCE52C22212.taxon	description	Figs 6, 7, 8	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
FA2598CA45AE547CA1C42BCE52C22212.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Larva. Following combination of characters distinguishes P. aji sp. nov. from other species of Fijifiliola subgen. nov.: fore protoptera posteromedially with minute spine (Fig. 7 k); labrum without small process in distomedial emargination; labial palp segment III conical, pointed; abdominal tergum I grey, II, III, VII, and VIII blackish, IV – VI, IX, and X yellowish grey with blackish markings as in Fig. 6 a, b; femur anteriorly with dark brown hypodermal streak in mediobasal blank (usually developed on fore femur, less on middle femur and absent on hind femur); femur anteriorly with large grey-brown marking in distomedial area, yellowish in subdistal area; paracercus with eight segments.	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
FA2598CA45AE547CA1C42BCE52C22212.taxon	description	Description. Larva (Figs 6 – 8). Body length 2.8 – 3.5 mm, cerci ~ 1.5 × body length. Colouration (Figs 6 a – c, 8 f). Head and thorax dorsally dark grey with indistinct pattern, fore protoptera grey with dark grey margins. Abdominal tergum I grey, II, III, VII, and VIII blackish, IV – VI, IX, and X yellowish grey with blackish markings as in Fig. 6 a, b. Thorax and abdomen ventrally grey to reddish grey, sternites VII and VIII darker. Legs grey; femur on anterior side apically, distomedially, and basally dark grey, basal area with large blank and hypodermal streak inside (developed on fore femur, poorly developed on middle femur, absent on hind femur), subdistal area yellowish; femur of all legs on posterior side with brown streak in distomedial area along outer margin. Caudalii grey. Head. Antenna (Fig. 8 j). Length ~ 1.5 × head length. As typical for subgenus. Labrum (Fig. 7 a, b). Length 0.6 × maximum width. Distomedial emargination without protuberance. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Right mandible (Fig. 7 f). Margin between prostheca and mola straight, smooth. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Left mandible (Fig. 7 e). Margin between prostheca and mola straight, smooth. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Hypopharynx and superlinguae (Fig. 7 d). As typical for subgenus. Maxilla (Fig. 7 g). Maxillary palp approx. as long as galea-lacinia; palp segment II ~ 1.4 × longer than segment I. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Labium (Fig. 7 c). Paraglossa with two spine-like setae on inner, distolateral margin. Labial palp with segment I subequal in length to segments II and III combined. Segment II dorsally with row of five spine-like setae near outer, distolateral margin. Segment III conical, pointed, 0.6 × length of segment II. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Legs (Fig. 8 a – e). Ratio of leg segments: fore leg 1.0: 1.0: 0.4: 0.2, middle leg 1.1: 1.0: 0.4: 0.2 and hind leg 1.1: 1.0: 0.4: 0.2. Femur. Length ~ 3 × maximum width. Tibia. With one row of short, blunt setae parallel to row of long, fine, simple setae. Claw with one row of 11 – 14 denticles; one posterior seta. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Abdomen. Terga (Fig. 8 f, g). Posterior margin of terga: I smooth, without denticles; II – IX with short, triangular, mostly split denticles. Tergalii (Fig. 8 i). Elongate oval, rather narrow; tracheation mainly limited to main trunk; margin smooth, with short, fine, simple setae. Paraproct (Fig. 8 h). Posterior margin with prolongation, with split denticles in distal part. Caudalii (Fig. 7 h, i). Cerci without swimming setae. Paracercus with 7 – 10 segments. Pose of subimaginal gonostyli under larval cuticle (Fig. 7 j). As typical for subgenus. Segment III conical. Subimago. Unknown. Imago. Unknown. Egg. Unknown.	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
FA2598CA45AE547CA1C42BCE52C22212.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is dedicated to AJ, the owner of the Outback Hotel, where the type locality is located. He and his family provided great support during our stay and on collection excursions.	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
FA2598CA45AE547CA1C42BCE52C22212.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Fiji: Viti Levu, Vanua Levu (Fig. 39 b).	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
197B2BA0998D5793B6655DEF9025D817.taxon	description	Figs 9, 10, 11	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
197B2BA0998D5793B6655DEF9025D817.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Larva. Following combination of characters distinguishes P. aurantica sp. nov. from other species of Fijifiliola subgen. nov.: Head, thorax, and abdomen predominantly orange to orange-brown; legs in basal part with orange-brown, hypodermal marking in oval blank; medially with broad, grey band; with orange streak along outer margin and orange in subdistal part; labial palp segment III slightly pentagonal; paracercus with 14 segments.	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
197B2BA0998D5793B6655DEF9025D817.taxon	description	Description. Larva (Figs 9 – 11). Body length ~ 3 mm, cerci ~ 1.3 × body length. Colouration (Fig. 9 a – c). Head, thorax and abdomen dorsally predominantly orange to orange-brown, thorax with indistinct pattern, fore protoptera grey; abdominal terga I – III laterally with oblique, brown streaks. Head, thorax, and abdomen ventrally beige. Legs in basal part with orange-brown, hypodermal marking in oval blank; medially with broad, grey band; with orange streak along outer margin and orange in subdistal part; distally dark grey; femur of all legs on posterior side with brown streak in distomedial area along outer margin. Caudalii grey. Head. Antenna (Fig. 10 h). Length ~ 1.5 × head length. As typical for subgenus. Labrum (Fig. 10 a, b). Length 0.6 × maximum width. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Right mandible (Fig. 10 f). Margin between prostheca and mola straight, with few minute denticles. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Left mandible (Fig. 10 e). Margin between prostheca and mola straight, with few denticles toward subtriangular process. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Hypopharynx and superlinguae (Fig. 10 d). As typical for subgenus. Maxilla (Fig. 10 g). Maxillary palp approx. as long as galea-lacinia; palp segment II ~ 1.2 × longer than segment I. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Labium (Fig. 10 c). Paraglossa with two spine-like setae on inner, distolateral margin. Labial palp with segment I ~ 1.2 × length of segments II and III combined. Segment II dorsally with row of four or five spine-like setae near outer, distolateral margin. Segment III slightly pentagonal, 0.7 × length of segment II. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Legs (Fig. 11 a – f). Ratio of leg segments: fore leg 0.9: 1.0: 0.3: 0.2, middle leg 1.1: 1.0: 0.4: 0.2 and hind leg 1.1: 1.0: 0.3: 0.2. Femur. Length ~ 3 × maximum width. Setae on outer margin long, flattened, pointed. Tibia. With one row of short, blunt setae on each side of row of long, fine, simple setae. Claw with one row of ten or eleven denticles; one posterior seta. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Abdomen. Terga (Fig. 11 g). Posterior margin of terga: I smooth, without denticles; II – IX with triangular denticles. Tergalii (Fig. 11 h). Elongate oval; tracheation mainly limited to main trunk, brown; scattered orange pigmentation outside tracheae; margin smooth, with short, fine, simple setae. Paraproct (Fig. 11 i). Posterior margin with prolongation, with denticles. Caudalii (Fig. 10 i, k). Cerci without swimming setae. Paracercus with 14 segments. Pose of subimaginal gonostyli under larval cuticle. Unknown. Subimago. Unknown. Imago. Unknown. Egg. Unknown.	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
197B2BA0998D5793B6655DEF9025D817.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name refers to its predominantly orange colour, aurantica meaning orange in Latin.	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
197B2BA0998D5793B6655DEF9025D817.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Fiji: Viti Levu (Fig. 39 c).	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
E884A3E29D2351F983039F86830F8025.taxon	description	Figs 12, 13, 14	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
E884A3E29D2351F983039F86830F8025.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Larva. Following combination of characters distinguishes P. bula sp. nov. from other species of Fijifiliola subgen. nov.: femur basally with narrow dark brown to red-brown, longitudinal streak in large blank; abdominal terga II, VII, VIII dark brown, I, III – V, IX, X brighter, washy grey-brown; labial palp segment III slightly pentagonal; paracercus with 13 – 15 segments; cerci in middle part with one medium swimming seta each 2 nd segment (Fig. 13 j).	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
E884A3E29D2351F983039F86830F8025.taxon	description	Description. Larva (Figs 12 – 14). Body length 2.9 – 4.5 mm, cerci ~ 1.4 × body length. Colouration (Figs 12 a – c, 13 l). Head dorsally brown, with dark brown markings; thorax dorsally dark brown; abdominal terga II, VII, VIII dark brown, I, III – V, IX, X brighter, washy grey-brown. Legs grey-brown; femur on anterior side in basal part with narrow dark brown to red-brown, hypodermal, longitudinal streak in large blank; medially with indistinct, broad, dark grey band; in distal area reddish brown; femur of all legs on posterior side reddish brown in distal ⅓, with one or two parallel, dark brown, hypodermal, longitudinal streaks. Head, thorax and abdomen ventrally grey to dark grey, sternites VI – VIII darker. Caudalii grey. Head. Antenna (Fig. 13 l). Length ~ 1.5 × head length. As typical for subgenus. Labrum (Fig. 13 a, b). Length 0.6 × maximum width. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Right mandible (Fig. 13 f). Margin between prostheca and mola slightly convex, smooth. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Left mandible (Fig. 13 e). Margin between prostheca and mola straight, with few denticles toward subtriangular process. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Hypopharynx and superlinguae (Fig. 13 d). As typical for subgenus. Maxilla (Fig. 13 g, h). Maxillary palp approx. as long as galea-lacinia; palp segment II ~ 1.2 × longer than segment I. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Labium (Fig. 13 c). Paraglossa with one or two spine-like setae on inner, distolateral margin. Labial palp with segment I subequal to length of segments II and III combined. Segment II dorsally with row of four or five spine-like setae near outer, distolateral margin. Segment III slightly pentagonal, 0.7 × length of segment II. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Legs (Fig. 14 a – f). Ratio of leg segments: fore leg 1.0: 1.0: 0.4: 0.2, middle leg 1.0: 1.0: 0.4: 0.2 and hind leg 1.1: 1.0: 0.4: 0.2. Femur. Length ~ 3 × maximum width. Setae on outer margin long, flattened, pointed. Tibia. With one row of short, blunt setae on each side of row of long, fine, simple setae. Claw with one row of 11 or 12 denticles; one posterior seta. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Abdomen. Terga (Fig. 14 g, h). Posterior margin of terga: I smooth, without denticles; II with rudimentary denticles in middle part, III – IX with triangular, pointed denticles. Tergalii (Fig. 14 i). Elongate oval; tracheation well-developed, not reaching margins, brown; margin smooth, without setae. Paraproct (Fig. 14 j). Posterior margin with prolongation, with split denticles. Caudalii (Fig. 13 i – k). Cerci in middle area with one swimming seta each 2 nd segment, distally up to three swimming setae per segment. Paracercus with 13 – 15 segments. Pose of subimaginal gonostyli under larval cuticle. Unknown. Subimago. Unknown. Imago. Unknown. Egg. Unknown.	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
E884A3E29D2351F983039F86830F8025.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name refers to the Fijian word “ bula ”, meaning hello or welcome, which you hear everywhere from the friendly people in Fiji.	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
E884A3E29D2351F983039F86830F8025.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Fiji: Viti Levu (Fig. 39 d).	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
F7FA939D52CA596F901BF29529A4F755.taxon	description	Figs 15, 16, 17	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
F7FA939D52CA596F901BF29529A4F755.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Larva. Following combination of characters distinguishes P. claudia sp. nov. from other species of Fijifiliola subgen. nov.: abdominal terga I, IX, and X yellowish grey, II – IV dark grey, V – VIII grey with indistinct pattern; femur on anterior side in basal ½ with large, dark reddish brown, hypodermal marking in large blank, marking oblong on fore and mid femur and like a streak on hind femur, distomedially with dark grey transvers band, distally reddish brown and grey; femur on posterior side with large, distomedial, reddish brown, hypodermal streak; labial palp segment III slightly pentagonal; paracercus with 8 – 10 segments.	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
F7FA939D52CA596F901BF29529A4F755.taxon	description	Description. Larva (Figs 15 – 17). Body length 4.3 – 6.0 mm, cerci longer than body length. Colouration (Figs 15 a – c, 17 g). Head and thorax dorsally dark grey with indistinct grey pattern; abdominal terga I, IX, and X yellowish grey, II – IV dark grey, V – VIII grey with indistinct pattern. Legs with femur on anterior side in basal ½ with large, dark reddish brown, hypodermal marking in large blank, marking oblong on fore and mid femur, and like a streak on hind femur; distomedially with dark grey transverse band, distally reddish brown and grey in colour; femur on posterior side with large, distomedial, reddish brown, hypodermal streak; tibia and tarsus dark grey. Head, thorax, and abdomen ventrally yellowish grey. Caudalii grey. Head. Antenna (Fig. 16 j). Length ~ 1.5 × head length. As typical for subgenus. Labrum (Fig. 16 a, b). Length 0.6 × maximum width. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Right mandible (Fig. 16 f). Margin between prostheca and mola straight, with few minute denticles. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Left mandible (Fig. 16 e). Margin between prostheca and mola straight, with few denticles toward subtriangular process. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Hypopharynx and superlinguae (Fig. 16 d). As typical for subgenus. Maxilla (Fig. 16 g). Maxillary palp approx. as long as galea-lacinia; palp segment II ~ 1.2 × longer than segment I. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Labium (Fig. 16 c). Paraglossa with one spine-like seta on inner, distolateral margin. Labial palp with segment I ~ 0.8 × length of segments II and III combined. Segment II dorsally with row of five spine-like setae near outer, distolateral margin. Segment III slightly pentagonal, 0.7 × length of segment II. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Legs (Fig. 17 a – f). Ratio of leg segments: fore leg 1.1: 1.0: 0.4: 0.1, middle leg 1.2: 1.0: 0.4: 0.1 and hind leg 1.2: 1.0: 0.3: 0.1. Femur. Length ~ 2.7 × maximum width. Tibia. With one row of short, blunt setae parallel to row of long, fine, simple setae. Claw with one row of ten or 11 denticles; one posterior seta. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Abdomen. Terga (Fig. 17 g, h). Posterior margin of terga: I smooth, without denticles; II – IX with triangular, pointed, apically partly split denticles. Tergalii (Fig. 17 i, j). Elongate oval; tracheation well-developed, reaching margins, brown; margin smooth, without setae. Paraproct (Fig. 17 k). Posterior margin with poorly developed prolongation, with split denticles in distal part. Caudalii (Fig. 16 h, i). Cerci without swimming setae, distally with one rudimentary insertion per segment. Paracercus with 8 – 10 segments. Pose of subimaginal gonostyli under larval cuticle. Unknown. Subimago. Unknown. Imago. Unknown. Egg. Unknown.	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
F7FA939D52CA596F901BF29529A4F755.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is dedicated to my wife Claudia Kaltenbach for her constant support during this collection trip.	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
F7FA939D52CA596F901BF29529A4F755.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Fiji: Viti Levu (Fig. 39 e).	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
648B9C5EC7EB586EA0285FE183F0080A.taxon	description	Figs 18, 19, 20	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
648B9C5EC7EB586EA0285FE183F0080A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Larva. Following combination of characters distinguishes P. crussetae sp. nov. from other species of Fijifiliola subgen. nov.: femur with irregular row of medium to long, spine-like setae at outer margin; tibia with irregular row of medium, spine-like setae parallel to row of long, fine, simple setae; distalmost seta at inner margin of tarsus not much longer than other setae; claw with one row of 16 – 19 denticles; tergalii in large middle part brown; paracercus with five segments.	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
648B9C5EC7EB586EA0285FE183F0080A.taxon	description	Description. Larva (Figs 18 – 20). Body length 4.7 mm, cerci longer than body length. Colouration (Fig. 18 a – c). Head and thorax dorsally dark grey-brown with indistinct grey pattern; abdomen dorsally dark grey-brown to reddish brown, darker in middle part and laterally, terga IX and X brighter. Legs dark grey; femur on anterior side in basal ½ with large, dark brown, hypodermal, oval marking in large blank, distomedially reddish brown. Thorax ventrally off-white, abdomen ventrally yellowish grey. Caudalii grey. Head. Antenna (Fig. 19 h). Length ~ 1.5 × head length. As typical for subgenus. Labrum (Fig. 19 a, b). Length 0.7 × maximum width. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Right mandible (Fig. 19 f). Margin between prostheca and mola straight, with few minute denticles. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Left mandible (Fig. 19 e). Margin between prostheca and mola slightly convex, with few minute denticles. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Hypopharynx and superlinguae (Fig. 19 d). As typical for subgenus. Maxilla (Fig. 19 g). Maxillary palp approx. as long as galea-lacinia; palp segment II ~ 1.2 × longer than segment I. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Labium (Fig. 19 c). Paraglossa with two spine-like setae on inner, distolateral margin. Labial palp with segment I subequal to length of segments II and III combined. Segment II dorsally with row of six spine-like setae near outer, distolateral margin. Segment III slightly pentagonal, 0.8 × length of segment II. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Legs (Fig. 20 a – g). Ratio of leg segments: fore leg 1.2: 1.0: 0.5: 0.2, middle leg 1.2: 1.0: 0.4: 0.2 and hind leg 1.2: 1.0: 0.5: 0.2. Femur. Length ~ 2.2 × maximum width on foreleg, other legs ~ 2.5 ×. Outer margin with irregular row of medium to long, spine-like setae. Short, pointed, spine-like setae along ventral margin. Tibia. With irregular row of short to medium, spine-like setae parallel to row of long, fine, simple setae. Tarsus. Outer margin with irregular row of short to medium, spine-like setae parallel to row of long, fine, simple setae, similar to tibia. Distalmost seta at inner margin not much longer than other setae. Claw with one row of 16 – 19 denticles; one or two posterior setae. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Abdomen. Terga (Fig. 20 i, j). Posterior margin of terga: I smooth, without denticles; II – IX with triangular denticles. Tergalii (Fig. 20 l, m). Wide skewed oval in shape; tracheation well-developed, reaching margins, brown; scattered brown hypodermal pigmentation in large middle part. Margin with minute denticles and medium, fine, simple setae. Paraproct (Fig. 20 k). Posterior margin without prolongation, smooth, without denticles. Cercotractor without denticles. Caudalii (Fig. 19 i, j). Cerci without swimming setae. Paracercus with five segments. Pose of subimaginal gonostyli under larval cuticle. Unknown. Subimago. Unknown. Imago. Unknown. Egg. Unknown.	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
648B9C5EC7EB586EA0285FE183F0080A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name is based on the Latin words crus and setae, meaning leg bristles, referring to the extraordinary setation of the legs.	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
648B9C5EC7EB586EA0285FE183F0080A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Fiji: Viti Levu (Fig. 39 f).	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
2035864D449056DCB9FF4955E3DE41C1.taxon	description	Figs 21, 22, 23	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
2035864D449056DCB9FF4955E3DE41C1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Larva. Following combination of characters distinguishes P. flowersi sp. nov. from other species of Fijifiliola subgen. nov.: head orange-brown; abdomen dorsally dark brown, terga III – V partly orange-brown, X orange-brown; femur dark orange-brown; apex of hypopharynx without bifid bunch of stout setae; labial palp segment III elongate conical, inner margin straight; tergalii with orange-brown pigmentation outside tracheation; paracercus with 13 segments.	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
2035864D449056DCB9FF4955E3DE41C1.taxon	description	Description. Larva (Figs 21 – 23). Body length 4.9 – 5.6 mm, cerci ~ 1.2 × body length. Colouration (Fig. 21 a – c). Head orange-brown; thorax dorsally dark grey-brown with indistinct grey pattern, fore protoptera grey; abdomen dorsally dark brown, terga III – V partly orange-brown, X orange-brown. Legs mainly orange-brown, femur apically dark brown. Thorax and abdomen ventrally dark grey, segment X orange-brown. Caudalii orange-brown. Head. Antenna (Fig. 22 h). Length ~ 1.5 × head length. As typical for subgenus. Labrum (Fig. 22 a, b). Length 0.7 × maximum width. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Right mandible (Fig. 22 f). Margin between prostheca and mola straight, smooth. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Left mandible (Fig. 22 e). Margin between prostheca and mola straight, with few minute denticles toward subtriangular process. Subtriangular process short. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Hypopharynx and superlinguae (Fig. 22 d). Apex of lingua without bifid bunch of stout setae. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Maxilla (Fig. 22 g). Maxillary palp approx. as long as galea-lacinia; palp segment II ~ 0.9 × length of segment I. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Labium (Fig. 22 c). Paraglossa with two spine-like setae on inner, distolateral margin. Labial palp with segment I ~ 0.8 × length of segments II and III combined. Segment II dorsally with row of five or six spine-like setae near outer, distolateral margin. Segment III elongate conical, 0.5 × length of segment II, inner margin straight, outer margin convex. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Legs (Fig. 23 a – e). Ratio of leg segments: fore leg 1.0: 1.0: 0.5: 0.2, middle leg 1.0: 1.0: 0.4: 0.2 and hind leg 1.0: 1.0: 0.4: 0.2. Femur. Length ~ 2.5 × maximum width. Tibia. With row of short, blunt setae on each side parallel to row of long, fine, simple setae. Claw with one row of 9 – 12 denticles; one posterior seta. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Abdomen. Terga (Fig. 23 f, g). Posterior margin of terga: I – IX with triangular, pointed denticles, becoming longer toward end of abdomen. Tergalii (Fig. 23 i, j). Oval; tracheation mainly limited to main trunk, dark brown; with scattered, orange-brown, hypodermal pigmentation. Margin with minute denticles and short, fine, simple setae. Paraproct (Fig. 23 h). Posterior margin with prolongation, with denticles. Caudalii (Fig. 22 i, j). Cerci without swimming setae. Paracercus with 13 segments. Pose of subimaginal gonostyli under larval cuticle. Unknown. Subimago. Unknown. Imago. Unknown. Egg. Unknown.	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
2035864D449056DCB9FF4955E3DE41C1.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is dedicated to R. W. Flowers (formerly Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, USA), who pioneered the work on Fijian mayflies with his article dated 1990.	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
2035864D449056DCB9FF4955E3DE41C1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Fiji: Viti Levu (Fig. 39 e).	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
C992ED638E9253DA8E2146D5C18F23E1.taxon	description	Figs 24, 25, 26	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
C992ED638E9253DA8E2146D5C18F23E1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Larva. Following combination of characters distinguishes P. gattolliati sp. nov. from other species of Fijifiliola subgen. nov.: larva dorsally grey, abdominal segments laterally with blackish marking; femur on anterior side in basal ½ with reddish brown marking in large blank (well-developed on fore femur, less on middle femur and absent on hind femur), large dark grey band in middle area, reddish brown colour in subdistal part; labial palp segment III slightly pentagonal; paracercus with 12 – 14 segments.	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
C992ED638E9253DA8E2146D5C18F23E1.taxon	description	Description. Larva (Figs 24 – 26). Body length 2.9 – 4.4 mm, cerci ~ 1.5 × body length. Colouration (Fig. 24 a – c). Head and thorax dorsally grey with indistinct pattern, fore protoptera grey with dark grey margin; abdomen dorsally grey, terga III and IV darker, terga II and V – VIII darker in anterior part, abdominal segments laterally with oblique, blackish marking. Femur on anterior side in basal ½ with reddish brown marking in large blank (well-developed on fore femur, less on middle femur and absent on hind femur), large dark grey band in middle area, basal and apical margin dark grey, reddish brown colour in subdistal part; femur on posterior side with dark brown marking posteromedially and distomedially, less developed on middle and hind legs; tibia reddish grey in basal ½ and distally, dark grey in distomedial part; tarsus basally and distally reddish grey, medially dark grey; claw dark grey. Head and thorax ventrally yellowish grey, abdomen ventrally grey-brown. Caudalii grey. Head. Antenna (Fig. 25 h). Length ~ 2 × head length. As typical for subgenus. Labrum (Fig. 25 a, b). Length 0.5 × maximum width. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Right mandible (Fig. 25 f). Margin between prostheca and mola straight, smooth. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Left mandible (Fig. 25 e). Margin between prostheca and mola straight, with few minute denticles toward subtriangular process. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Hypopharynx and superlinguae (Fig. 25 d). As typical for subgenus. Maxilla (Fig. 25 g). Maxillary palp slightly longer than galea-lacinia; palp segment II ~ 1.3 × length of segment I. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Labium (Fig. 25 c). Paraglossa with two spine-like setae on inner, distolateral margin. Labial palp with segment I approx. as long as segments II and III combined. Segment II dorsally with row of four or five spine-like setae near outer, distolateral margin. Segment III slightly pentagonal, 0.6 × length of segment II. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Legs (Fig. 26 a – e). Ratio of leg segments: fore leg 1.0: 1.0: 0.4: 0.2, middle leg 1.1: 1.0: 0.4: 0.2 and hind leg 1.2: 1.0: 0.3: 0.1. Femur. Length ~ 3 × maximum width. Tibia. With row of short, blunt setae parallel to row of long, fine, simple setae. Claw with one row of 11 or 12 denticles; one posterior seta. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Abdomen. Terga (Fig. 26 f, g). Posterior margin of terga: I smooth, without denticles, II – IX with triangular, pointed denticles. Tergalii (Fig. 26 i, j). Narrow oblong; tracheation well-developed, partly reaching margins, dark brown. Margin smooth, with few short, fine, simple setae. Paraproct (Fig. 26 h). Posterior margin with prolongation, with split denticles. Caudalii (Fig. 25 i, j). Cerci without swimming setae. Paracercus with 12 – 14 segments. Pose of subimaginal gonostyli under larval cuticle. As typical for subgenus. Subimago. Unknown. Imago. Unknown. Egg. Unknown.	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
C992ED638E9253DA8E2146D5C18F23E1.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is dedicated to Jean-Luc Gattolliat (Naturéum, Muséum cantonal des Sciences Naturelles, Lausanne, Switzerland), for his long-time contribution to the knowledge of Baetidae, and for teaching me many things about mayflies.	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
C992ED638E9253DA8E2146D5C18F23E1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Fiji: Vanua Levu (Fig. 40 a).	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
D358252C08B15275A4E5A747C26DE594.taxon	description	Figs 27, 28, 29	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
D358252C08B15275A4E5A747C26DE594.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Larva. Following combination of characters distinguishes P. grisea sp. nov. from other species of Fijifiliola subgen. nov.: larva dorsally grey; legs grey, femur on anterior side in basal part with reddish brown, hypodermal streak (poorly developed on middle leg, nearly absent on hind leg) in large, wedge-shaped blank; labial palp segment III slightly pentagonal; paracercus with 10 – 15 segments; cerci with 1 – 5 swimming setae in middle part.	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
D358252C08B15275A4E5A747C26DE594.taxon	description	Description. Larva (Figs 27 – 29). Body length 3.0 – 3.4 mm, cerci subequal to body length. Colouration (Fig. 27 a – c). Head, thorax and abdomen dorsally grey with indistinct pattern as in Fig. 27 a, fore protoptera grey. Legs grey, femur on anterior side in basal part with reddish brown, hypodermal streak (poorly developed on middle leg, nearly absent on hind leg) in large, wedge-shaped blank, medially with dark brown marking; femur on posterior side yellowish grey, without marking. Head, thorax and abdomen ventrally light grey. Caudalii grey. Head. Antenna (Fig. 28 j). Length ~ 1.5 × head length. As typical for subgenus. Labrum (Fig. 28 a, b). Length 0.5 × maximum width. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Right mandible (Fig. 28 f). Margin between prostheca and mola straight, with few minute denticles. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Left mandible (Fig. 28 e). Margin between prostheca and mola straight, with few minute denticles toward subtriangular process. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Hypopharynx and superlinguae (Fig. 28 d). As typical for subgenus. Maxilla (Fig. 28 g). Maxillary palp slightly longer than galea-lacinia; palp segment II subequal to length of segment I. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Labium (Fig. 28 c). Paraglossa with one spine-like seta on inner, distolateral margin. Labial palp with segment I ~ 1.4 × length of segments II and III combined. Segment II dorsally with row of four spine-like setae near outer, distolateral margin. Segment III slightly pentagonal, 0.6 × length of segment II. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Legs (Fig. 29 a – e). Ratio of leg segments: fore leg 0.9: 1.0: 0.3: 0.2, middle leg 1.0: 1.0: 0.4: 0.2 and hind leg 1.1: 1.0: 0.4: 0.2. Femur. Length ~ 3 × maximum width. Tibia. With row of short, blunt setae on each side parallel to row of long, fine, simple setae. Claw with one row of 10 – 12 denticles; one posterior setae. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Abdomen. Terga (Fig. 29 f, g). Posterior margin of terga: I smooth, without denticles, II – IX with triangular, partly split denticles. Tergalii (Fig. 29 i). Elongate oval; tracheation mainly limited to main trunk, dark brown. Margin smooth, with short, fine, simple setae. Paraproct (Fig. 29 h). Posterior margin with prolongation, with split denticles. Caudalii (Fig. 28 h, i). Cerci with 1 – 5 swimming setae in middle part. Paracercus with 10 – 15 segments. Pose of subimaginal gonostyli under larval cuticle (Fig. 28 k). As typical for subgenus. Subimago. Unknown. Imago. Unknown. Egg. Unknown.	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
D358252C08B15275A4E5A747C26DE594.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name refers to the predominant grey colour, which distinguishes it easily from the often co-occurring species P. aji sp. nov.	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
D358252C08B15275A4E5A747C26DE594.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Fiji: Viti Levu (Fig. 40 b).	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
894E9BAB13B6544F9EA6721A6D829125.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Papuanatula (Fijifiliola) aji sp. nov.	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
894E9BAB13B6544F9EA6721A6D829125.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (larval characters) (Table 3, Fig. 5). Distal part of antenna asymmetric, each flagellomere with anterior side more convex than posterior side, with brown hypodermal spot near apex of anterior side (Fig. 8 j). Labrum (Fig. 7 a, b) widest in middle area, laterally rounded; dorsally with submarginal row of long, simple setae. Hypopharynx and superlinguae (Fig. 7 d). Apex of lingua usually with a well-developed, bifid bunch of stout setae. Distolateral margin of superlinguae with medium, fine setae; lateral margins almost straight. Both mandibles long, with incisor strongly elongated (blade-like); full-length incisors present only at the beginning of each instar, usually worn at the end of instar (Fig. 7 e, f). Right mandible (Fig. 7 f). Kinetodontium deeply separated from incisor; incisor with three denticles; kinetodontium terminating with three or four denticles, with distal denticle longest. Mola with setae on proximal corner. Left mandible (Fig. 7 e). Incisor and kinetodontium fused at most of its length; incisor with three denticles; kinetodontium terminating with three or four denticles, with distal denticle longest. Mola with setae on proximal corner. Maxilla (Fig. 7 g). With one or two simple setae under canines. Medially with one spine-like, feathered seta and usually three short to long simple setae. Maxillary palp apically constricted. Labium (Fig. 7 c). Glossae longer than half of paraglossae; with several long setae at and near apex. Paraglossae with one medium simple seta in medioproximal area. Labial palp with poorly developed, rounded, distomedial projection on segment II. Thorax and abdomen dorsally and ventrally usually without protuberances. The only known exception is a minute spine posteromedially on fore protoptera of mature larvae of P. aji sp. nov. Posterior margin of abdominal sternites smooth, without spines. Legs (Fig. 8 a – d). Outer side of femur usually with single, regular row of long, slender, flattened setae with blunt apex; additionally in distal ½ row of medium to long, fine, simple setae; apex with short, stout, blunt setae; short to medium, spine-like setae along inner margin. Anterior side of tibia with regular row of long, fine, simple setae; parallel one or two rows of short, stout setae with blunt apices. Tarsus with regular row of long, fine, simple setae along outer margin; inner margin subdistally usually with one much longer, thinner, pointed seta. Claw with single row of denticles and usually one posterior seta. Paraproct (Fig. 8 h). Posterior margin usually with prolongation and with split denticles. Cercotractor usually with small denticles. Pose of subimaginal gonostyli under larval cuticle (Fig. 7 j). Subimaginal gonostyli developing under cuticle of last instar male larvae folded in “ Labiobaetis - type ” (Kluge 2004: fig. 29 I): 1 st segment directed laterally, 2 nd and 3 rd segments directed medially, whereby second segment is closest to posterior margin of the ninth segment.	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
894E9BAB13B6544F9EA6721A6D829125.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The new genus-group name Fijifiliola subgen. nov. is formed from the nouns Fiji and filiola (meaning “ little daughter ” in Latin), and can be understood as “ little daughter of Fiji ”. Gender is feminine.	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
E0640DB98ED65F88851AC3932204375F.taxon	description	Figs 30, 31, 32	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
E0640DB98ED65F88851AC3932204375F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Larva. Following combination of characters distinguishes P. sekawa sp. nov. from other species of Fijifiliola subgen. nov.: larva dorsally dark grey, abdominal tergum X reddish brown; femur on anterior side with large grey area in middle part, in basal ⅓ with dark grey, narrow, longitudinal streak in large blank, distal ⅓ reddish brown; labial palp segment III slightly pentagonal; paracercus with 12 segments; cerci with one or two swimming setae per segment in distomedial part.	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
E0640DB98ED65F88851AC3932204375F.taxon	description	Description. Larva (Figs 30 – 32). Body length 3.6 – 4.1 mm, cerci broken. Colouration (Fig. 30 a – c). Head, thorax and abdomen dorsally dark grey, thorax with indistinct pattern, fore protoptera dark grey; abdominal tergum I brighter, tergum X reddish brown. Femur on anterior side with large grey area in middle part, in basal ⅓ with dark grey, narrow, longitudinal streak in large blank, distal ⅓ reddish brown; femur on posterior side with dark brown distomedial marking surrounded by reddish brown colour; tibia and tarsus predominantly grey. Thorax and abdomen ventrally grey-brown, sternum X yellow-brown. Caudalii grey. Head. Antenna (Fig. 31 h). Length ~ 1.5 × head length. As typical for subgenus. Labrum (Fig. 31 a, b). Length 0.5 × maximum width. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Right mandible (Fig. 31 f). Margin between prostheca and mola straight, with minute denticles. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Left mandible (Fig. 31 e). Margin between prostheca and mola slightly concave, with minute denticles toward subtriangular process. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Hypopharynx and superlinguae (Fig. 31 d). As typical for subgenus. Maxilla (Fig. 31 g). Maxillary palp slightly longer as galea-lacinia; palp segment II ~ 1.3 × length of segment I. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Labium (Fig. 31 c). Paraglossa with two spine-like setae on inner, distolateral margin. Labial palp with segment I approx. as long as segments II and III combined. Segment II dorsally with row of four or five spine-like setae near outer, distolateral margin. Segment III slightly pentagonal, 0.6 × length of segment II. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Legs (Fig. 32 a – e). Ratio of leg segments: fore leg 1.0: 1.0: 0.4: 0.1, middle leg 1.0: 1.0: 0.3: 0.1 and hind leg 1.1: 1.0: 0.4: 0.1. Femur. Length ~ 3 × maximum width. Setae on outer margin long, flattened, apically pointed. Tibia. With row of short, blunt setae on each side parallel to row of long, fine, simple setae. Claw with one row of nine or ten denticles; one posterior seta. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Abdomen. Terga (Fig. 32 f, g). Posterior margin of terga: I smooth, without denticles, II – IX with triangular, pointed denticles. Tergalii (Fig. 32 h). Elongate oval; tracheation well-developed, nearly reaching margins, dark brown; with reddish brown pigmentation around tracheation. Margin with minute denticles and short, fine, simple setae. Paraproct (Fig. 32 i). Posterior margin with prolongation, with split denticles. Caudalii (Fig. 31 i, j). Cerci with 1 or 2 swimming setae per segment in distomedial part. Paracercus with 12 segments. Pose of subimaginal gonostyli under larval cuticle. Unknown. Subimago. Unknown. Imago. Unknown. Egg. Unknown.	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
E0640DB98ED65F88851AC3932204375F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named after the Sekawa River system in Vanua Levu, where the type locality is.	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
E0640DB98ED65F88851AC3932204375F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Fiji: Vanua Levu (Fig. 40 c).	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
95828F6EA5F655A896610F2B1DE454F2.taxon	description	Figs 33, 34, 35	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
95828F6EA5F655A896610F2B1DE454F2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Larva. Following combination of characters distinguishes P. tenebris sp. nov. from other species of Fijifiliola subgen. nov.: larva dorsally rather uniform blackish brown; femur on anterior side in basal ½ with dark brown, narrow, longitudinal streak in large, oblong blank (all legs), large dark grey band in distomedial area; labrum dorsally with irregular arrangement of submarginal setae; maxillary palp ~ 1.5 × length of galea-lacinia; tergalii rather large, skewed oval, with brown pigmentation; labial palp segment III conical; paracercus with 20 segments.	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
95828F6EA5F655A896610F2B1DE454F2.taxon	description	Description. Larva (Figs 33 – 35). Body length 6.4 mm, cerci broken. Colouration (Fig. 33 a – c). Head, thorax and abdomen dorsally rather uniform blackish brown. Femur on anterior side in basal ½ with dark brown, narrow, longitudinal streak in large, oblong blank (all legs), large dark grey band in distomedial area; tibia and tarsus grey. Head, thorax and abdomen ventrally dark grey-brown. Caudalii dark grey. Head. Antenna (Fig. 34 h). Length ~ 1.5 × head length. As typical for subgenus. Labrum (Fig. 34 a, b). Length 0.5 × maximum width. Dorsally with irregular arrangement of submarginal setae. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Right mandible (Fig. 34 f). Margin between prostheca and mola almost straight, with minute denticles. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Left mandible (Fig. 34 e). Margin between prostheca and mola almost straight, with minute denticles toward subtriangular process. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Hypopharynx and superlinguae (Fig. 34 d). As typical for subgenus. Maxilla (Fig. 34 g). Maxillary palp ~ 1.5 × length of galea-lacinia; palp segment II approx. as long as segment I. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Labium (Fig. 34 c). Paraglossa with two spine-like setae on inner, distolateral margin. Labial palp with segment I approx. as long as segments II and III combined. Segment II dorsally with row of six spine-like setae plus additional one or two setae near outer, distolateral margin. Segment III conical, 0.6 × length of segment II. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Legs (Fig. 35 a – g). Ratio of leg segments: fore leg 1.0: 1.0: 0.3: 0.1, middle leg 1.0: 1.0: 0.3: 0.1 and hind leg 1.0: 1.0: 0.3: 0.1. Femur. Length ~ 3.5 × maximum width. Setae on outer margin long, flattened, pointed. Tibia. With row of short, blunt setae parallel to row of long, fine, simple setae. Claw with one row of ten or 11 denticles, distalmost denticle with distance to other denticles; one posterior seta. Otherwise, as typical for subgenus. Abdomen. Terga (Fig. 35 h, i). Posterior margin of terga: II – IX with triangular, sharply pointed denticles. Tergalii (Fig. 35 j, k). Rather large, skewed oval; tracheation well-developed, reaching margins, dark brown; brown pigmentation around tracheae. Margin with minute denticles and short, fine, simple setae. Paraproct (Fig. 35 i). Posterior margin with prolongation, with denticles. Cercotractor without denticles. Caudalii (Fig. 34 i, j). Cerci without swimming setae. Paracercus with 20 segments. Pose of subimaginal gonostyli under larval cuticle. Unknown. Subimago. Unknown. Imago. Unknown. Egg. Unknown.	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
95828F6EA5F655A896610F2B1DE454F2.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name refers to the dark appearance of the species, tenebris meaning dark in Latin.	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
95828F6EA5F655A896610F2B1DE454F2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Fiji: Viti Levu (Fig. 40 d).	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas (2025): Mayflies of the Fiji Islands (Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1259: 205-276, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.168521
