identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
14DB66CA0EDF58FD95099C200E13C085.text	14DB66CA0EDF58FD95099C200E13C085.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crassignatha hekou Wu & Lin 2026	<div><p>Crassignatha hekou Wu &amp; Lin sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 3, 4, 13</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype • ♂ (NHMSU Ar 132) and paratypes • 5 ♂ 10 ♀ (NHMSU Ar 133 –147), China: Yunnan Prov., Xundian Co., Hekou TWP., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.50235&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.820942" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.50235/lat 25.820942)">the entrance to Baishiyan Cave</a> (25.820941°N, 103.502352°E; elev. 1863 m), 28. VIII. 2020, Y. Lin, Y Li, S. Liu and Y. He leg. 1 ♂ (NHMSU -YG 160) and 1 ♀ (NHMSU -YG 160) used for sequencing, same data as for preceding.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet derives from the name of the type locality; noun in apposition.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The male of Crassignatha hekou sp. nov. resembles those of C. yinzhi and C. ertou but can be distinguished by the presence of three TS on leg II, compared to two in C. yinzhi and one in C. ertou (cf. Fig. 3 F; Li et al. 2020: figs 7 C, 36 C). A further distinction lies in the male pale: the embolus is straight and relatively long, whereas it is helical in C. ertou and is longer in C. yinzhi (cf. Fig. 4 A – C; Li et al. 2020: figs 8 A – C, 37 A – C). The female of C. hekou sp. nov. shares a generally similar vulval configuration with C. quanqu but differs in possessing a longer scape and the copulatory duct with longer trajectory (cf. Fig. 4 F, G; Li et al. 2020: fig. 23 D, E).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (holotype). Total length 0.87. Carapace 0.40 long, 0.36 wide, 0.40 high. Clypeus 0.12 high. Sternum 0.28 long, 0.32 wide. Abdomen 0.50 long, 0.52 wide, 0.61 high. Length of legs: I 1.50 (0.46, 0.13, 0.35, 0.22, 0.34); II 1.25 (0.37, 0.14, 0.30, 0.17, 0.27); III 0.99 (0.28, 0.11, 0.20, 0.15, 0.25); IV 1.09 (0.36, 0.13, 0.25, 0.12, 0.23).</p><p>Somatic characters (Fig. 3 A – C). Prosoma dark brown. Opisthosoma grayish-brown, scattered with dot-like weakly ossified speckles, with a light brown scutum laterally and posteriorly. Carapace pear-shaped, surface granular, with rough texture. Cephalic region raised. PER recurved. ALE slightly protruded. Mouthparts sclerotized. Sternum scutiform, surface rough, with soft bristles. Legs light brown, covered with setae and bristles. Tibia II with three disto-ventral clasping spurs. Opisthosoma dorsally rounded, laterally near triangular. Abdominal scutum almost covers lateral and posterior areas. Spinnerets light brown, surrounded by a circular shield.</p><p>Palp (Fig. 4 A – C): bulb relatively large, each ~ ¼ size of carapace. Tibia same long as patella. Cymbium wraps the bulb on prolaterally, bears apical short setea, cymbial tooth short, nail-shaped. Bulb compressed, smooth on retrolaterally. Tegulum smooth, bulgy. Median apophysis oblate, nearly square, with a distal process. Embolic membrane translucent, arises between embolus and median apophysis. Embolus nearly straight, strongly sclerotized, wide base slightly curved, gradually tapering on medially and distally.</p><p>Female (one of paratypes). Total length 1.00. Carapace 0.48 long, 0.40 wide, 0.35 high. Clypeus 0.12 high. Sternum 0.32 long, 0.24 wide. Abdomen 0.60 long, 0.48 wide, 0.70 high. Length of legs: I 1.68 (0.59, 0.16, 0.40, 0.24, 0.29); II 1.36 (0.43, 0.15, 0.34, 0.20, 0.24); III 0.96 (0.31, 0.10, 0.19, 0.15, 0.21); IV 1.25 (0.42, 0.13, 0.30, 0.17, 0.23).</p><p>Somatic characters. (Fig. 3 D – F). Prosoma and opisthosoma darker than in male. Abdominal scutum unobvious. Leg II lacks clasping spurs on tibia disto-ventrally.</p><p>Epigyne (Fig. 4 D – G): Epigynal area obvious sclerotized, covered sparse setae, chitin epidermis wrinkled. Scape protruded, extends beyond the epigastric furrow, longer than wide, distally sclerotized. Spermatheca nearly globular, spacing by ~ ¾ × their diameter. Fertilization ducts short and gracile, starting at inner-ventral side of spermathecae. Copulatory ducts long, uniform width, weakly sclerotized, connected to dorso-posterior surface of spermathecae, forming three turns before curving downward. Subproximal copulatory ducts nearly parallel, opening at the end of scape.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Yunnan).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/14DB66CA0EDF58FD95099C200E13C085	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wu, Haihong;Lin, Yucheng	Wu, Haihong, Lin, Yucheng (2026): Phylogenetic classification of poorly known Crassignatha spiders (Araneae, Symphytognathidae), with descriptions of four new species. Zoosystematics and Evolution 102 (1): 159-179, DOI: 10.3897/zse.102.165834
CDECE949A228597EA167D26BDAE9C7EA.text	CDECE949A228597EA167D26BDAE9C7EA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crassignatha liangdu Wu & Lin 2026	<div><p>Crassignatha liangdu Wu &amp; Lin sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 5, 6, 13</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype • ♂ (NHMSU Ar 148) and paratypes • 2 ♂ 7 ♀ (NHMSU Ar 149 –155), China: Guizhou Prov., Liupanshui Ct., Panzhou county-level Ct., Zhudong TWP, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.75662&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.623686" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.75662/lat 25.623686)">Shiliping Vill., nr. Shilida Cave</a> (25.623685°N, 104.756623°E; elev. 1658 m), 24. VIII. 2020, Y. Lin et al. leg. 1 ♂ (NHMSU -YG 166) and 1 ♀ (NHMSU -YG 166) used for sequencing, same data as for preceding .</p><p>Other material examined.</p><p>• 1 ♂ 3 ♀ (NHMSU Ar 156 –159), China: Guizhou Prov., Liupanshui Ct., Panzhou county-level Ct., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.626884&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.675198" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.626884/lat 25.675198)">the entrance to Zimu Cave on Danxia Hill</a> (25.675198°N, 104.626882°E; elev. 1791 m), 24. VIII. 2020, Y. Lin, Y. Li and S. Liu leg. • 1 ♂ 14 ♀ (NHMSU Ar 160 –174), China: Yunnan Prov., Kunming Ct., Xishan Distr., Tuanjie TWS., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.79121&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.192444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.79121/lat 25.192444)">Qingshuiguan Vill., nr. Guanyin Cave</a> (25.192443°N, 102.791204°E; elev. 2159 m), 27. VIII. 2020, Y. Lin, Y. Li and S. Liu leg.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet derives from a Chinese pinyin for “ Liangdu ”, meaning is a cool city, which is Liupanshui City as the type locality of this new species enjoys the reputation of “ China’s Cool Capital ”. The noun is in apposition.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The male of Crassignatha liangdu sp. nov. resembles those of C. shiluensis, C. yamu, and C. panlong sp. nov. in possessing a long, coiled embolus. It can be distinguished by the presence of a distinct basal embolic process and a broad embolic membrane, structures that are absent in the compared species (cf. Fig. 6 A – C with Fig. 8 A – C and Li et al. 2020: figs 27 A, B, 35 A – C). The female of C. liangdu sp. nov. is similar to those of C. panlong sp. nov., C. si, and C. yamu in the general configuration of the vulva and the course of the copulatory ducts. It differs in that the apex of the columnar atrium is level with the anterior margin of the spermatheca, whereas in the other species the apex is situated either above or below this margin (cf. Fig. 6 F, G with Fig. 8 F, G and Li et al. 2020: figs 31 E, F, 35 F, G).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (holotype). Total length 0.74. Carapace 0.35 long, 0.31 wide, 0.33 high. Clypeus 0.13 high. Sternum 0.25 long, 0.20 wide. Abdomen 0.41 long, 0.39 wide, 0.41 high. Length of legs: I 1.06 (0.32, 0.13, 0.25, 0.15, 0.21); II 0.95 (0.29, 0.12, 0.21, 0.13, 0.20); III 0.79 (0.26, 0.10, 0.14, 0.10, 0.19); IV 0.83 (0.28, 0.09, 0.17, 0.10, 0.18).</p><p>Somatic characters (Fig. 5 A – C). Prosoma rusty brown. Legs dark grey, with black pigmentation. Tibia II with two clasping spurs distoventrally. Opisthosoma darker laterally and ventrally than dorsally. Carapace nearly rounded, surface rough granular. Cephalic area elevated. Six eyes in three diads, PER slightly recurved, anterior lateral eyes protruded. Clypeal area slightly concaved. Labium fused to sternum. Sternum scutiform, with dense dark dotted pigmentation. Opisthosoma nearly globular dorsally, dorsal epidermis rugose, wrapped by weakly ossific scutum from laterally and posteriorly. Spinnerets with an annular shield.</p><p>Palp (Fig. 6 A – C): relatively large, ~ ½ of carapace size. Tibia oblate, nearly equal to ¾ of patella in length. Cymbium wraps the bulb on prolaterally and posteroventrally, few bristles at distally, cymbial tooth conspicuous hooked-shaped. Tegulum smooth, swollen, the course of ejaculatory duct clearly visibel. Median apophysis small, sclerotized at distally. Embolic membrane broad, with a long sharp corner. Embolus long tubular, coiled into one loop, with a distinct basal process.</p><p>Female (one of the paratypes). Total length 1.00. Carapace 0.40 long, 0.36 wide, 0.40 high. Clypeus 0.13 high. Sternum 0.25 long, 0.25 wide. Abdomen 0.60 long, 0.62 wide, 0.64 high. Length of legs: I 1.48 (0.50, 0.13, 0.37, 0.23, 0.25); II 1.29 (0.42, 0.12, 0.31, 0.20, 0.24); III 0.96 (0.27, 0.11, 0.20, 0.18, 0.20); IV 1.21 (0.40, 0.12, 0.27, 0.19, 0.23).</p><p>Somatic characters (Fig. 5 D – F). Prosoma chestnut brown, obvious ossified. Legs bright brown, with few black pigmentation on each segment. Opisthosoma almost all black, only scattered ossified, light brown sparkles on dorsal and anterior epidermis. Carapace pear-shaped, surface rough, granular. Cephalic area slightly elevated. ALE protruded, PER straight. Labium wider than long, fused to sternum. Sternum surface pitted, posteriorly truncated. Opisthosoma: rounded, spotted, and rugose dorsally and anteriorly. Spinnerets same as in male, with an annular shield.</p><p>Epigyne (Fig. 6 D – G): epigynal area obviously sclerotized, internal structure faintly visible via the weakly ossified epidermis. Scape slightly protruded, equal length and width. Spermathecae globose, spacing by ~ 1.6 × their diameter. Fertilization ducts originated from the posteromedial margin of spermathecas, and bent down and extend. Copulatory ducts extremely long and tortuous, connected with the posterolateral margin of spermathecae, folded upward and downward twice, and fused into a columnar atrium located between spermathecae. Copulatory opening large, opens longitudinally at the end of scape.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Guizhou) (Fig. 13).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CDECE949A228597EA167D26BDAE9C7EA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wu, Haihong;Lin, Yucheng	Wu, Haihong, Lin, Yucheng (2026): Phylogenetic classification of poorly known Crassignatha spiders (Araneae, Symphytognathidae), with descriptions of four new species. Zoosystematics and Evolution 102 (1): 159-179, DOI: 10.3897/zse.102.165834
387158897D935B5AA5634EC01ADF0DB2.text	387158897D935B5AA5634EC01ADF0DB2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crassignatha panlong Wu & Lin 2026	<div><p>Crassignatha panlong Wu &amp; Lin sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 7, 8, 13</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype • ♂ (NHMSU Ar 175) and paratypes • 2 ♂ 5 ♀ (NHMSU Ar 176 –182), China: Yunnan Prov., Kunming Ct., Panlong Dist., Xiaohe TWP., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.80682&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.187943" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.80682/lat 25.187943)">the entrance to Yanzi Cave</a> (25.187943°N, 102.806825°E; elev. 2060 m), 27. VIII. 2020, Y. Lin, Y. Li and S. Liu leg. 1 ♂ (NHMSU -YG 162) and 1 ♀ (NHMSU -YG 162) used for sequencing, same data as for preceding .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet derives from the name of the type locality; noun in apposition.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Male of Crassignatha panlong sp. nov. is characterized by a linearly spiraled, elongate embolus, a feature shared only with C. liangdu sp. nov., C. shiluensis, and C. yamu (Fig. 8 A – G). It differs from C. shiluensis and C. yamu by the presence of a distinct process at the base of the embolus, as opposed to a medially located process or its complete absence (cf. Fig. 8 A with Li et al. 2020: figs 27 A, 35 A, B). It differs from C. liangdu sp. nov. by possessing a broad median apophysis and an indistinct embolic membrane (cf. Fig. 8 A, B with Fig. 6 A, B). Female of this new species shares C. liangdu sp. nov., C. gudu, C. si, and C. yamu with the presence of a columnar atrium formed by the fusion of the proximal sections of the copulatory ducts. It can be differentiated from these species by its longer columnar atrium, which extends beyond the anterior margin of the spermathecae, and / or by the less convoluted path of the copulatory ducts along the dorsal side of the spermathecae (cf. Fig. 8 F, G with Fig. 6 F, G and Li et al. 2020: figs 11 E, F, 31 E, F, 35 E, F).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (holotype). Total length 0.83. Carapace 0.36 long, 0.34 wide, 0.40 high. Clypeus 0.13 high. Sternum 0.23 long, 0.21 wide. Abdomen 0.47 long, 0.40 wide, 0.50 high. Length of legs: I 1.12 (0.32, 0.13, 0.28, 0.17, 0.22); II 0.95 (0.25, 0.12, 0.23, 0.13, 0.22); III 0.80 (0.22, 0.11, 0.15, 0.11, 0.21); IV 0.88 (0.28, 0.11, 0.20, 0.12, 0.17).</p><p>Somatic characters (Fig. 7 A – C). Prosoma darkish-brown. Legs pale brown, with black pigmentation on each segment. Opisthosoma greyish black, dorsally lighter than laterally and ventrally. Carapace nearly rounded, surface coarse and granular, cervical groove obvious, cephalic area raised. Clypeal area concaved laterally. Six eyes in three diads, PRE recurved, ALE slightly protruded, PMEs spacing by ~ ¾ of their diameter. Entire mouthparts and sternum strongly sclerotized. Labium same long as wide, fused to sternum. Sternum scutiform, surface rough and uneven pitted, posteriorly truncated. Leg II with three large clasping spurs at the tibia ventral-distally, two long and one short. Opisthosoma short ovoid dorsally, nearly triangular laterally, smooth scutum wrapped abdomen at laterally and posteriorly. Abdominal epidermis rugose at anteriorly and dorsally, with various size of weakly ossified patches. One annular plates encircled spinnerets.</p><p>Palp (Fig. 8 A – G): relatively small, ca. ~ one fifth of carapace size. Tibia oblate, same as long patella, wider than patella. Cymbium wrapped bulb at prolaterally, cymbial apex bears three short setae and a small hooked tooth (CT). Bulb translucent, internal convoluted ejaculatory duct clearly visible. Tegulum broad, smooth. Median apophysis oblate, with a small sclerotized corner distally. Embolic membrane narrow, undeveloped. Embolus starts at the base of median apophysis, convoluted a vertical coil suspended above the bulb, with the end gradually narrowing.</p><p>Female (one of the paratypes). Total length 1.10. Carapace 0.44 long, 0.58 wide, 0.41 high. Clypeus 0.12 high. Sternum 0.30 long, 0.26 wide. Abdomen 0.60 long, 0.72 wide, 0.68 high. Length of legs: I 1.49 (0.50, 0.13, 0.36, 0.23, 0.27); II 1.30 (0.43, 0.13, 0.30, 0.18, 0.26); III 1.02 (0.30, 0.11, 0.21, 0.16, 0.24); IV 1.18 (0.39, 0.13, 0.26, 0.17, 0.23).</p><p>Somatic characters (Fig. 7 D – F). Entire coloration darker than in male. Prosoma darkish-brown and strongly sclerotized. Carapace nearly pear-shaped, surface coarse and granular. Cephalic area elevated, lower than in male. PER straight. Labium triangular, fused to the sternum. Legs deeper color than in male. Opisthosoma globose. Abdominal epidermis scattered with point-like speckles, dorsally more than laterals and ventrally.</p><p>Epigyne (Fig. 8 D – G): epigynal area weakly sclerotized, slightly protruded, internal structure faintly visible. Scape extends beyond the epigastric furrow, distal end sclerotized. Spermatheca globose, separated by 1.7 × their diameter. Fertilization duct narrower than copulatory duct, originated from the posteromedial margin of spermatheca. Copulatory duct long, tortuous, connected to the posterior margin of spermatheca, extended downward and turn to the dorsum of spermatheca forming two reciprocating loops, and curved upward in an “ s ” shape toward vulva center, fused into a straight columnar atrium. The proximal end of columnar atrium forms into a copulatory opening, which opens at the end of scape.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Yunnan) (Fig. 13).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/387158897D935B5AA5634EC01ADF0DB2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wu, Haihong;Lin, Yucheng	Wu, Haihong, Lin, Yucheng (2026): Phylogenetic classification of poorly known Crassignatha spiders (Araneae, Symphytognathidae), with descriptions of four new species. Zoosystematics and Evolution 102 (1): 159-179, DOI: 10.3897/zse.102.165834
F645963986955B8E9CC8CB84AA5B337B.text	F645963986955B8E9CC8CB84AA5B337B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crassignatha qingxu Wu & Lin 2026	<div><p>Crassignatha qingxu Wu &amp; Lin sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 9, 10, 13</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype • ♂ (NHMSU Ar 183) and paratypes • 2 ♂ 5 ♀ (NHMSU Ar 184 –190), China: Guizhou Prov., Bijie Ct, Dafang Co., Yangchang TWP., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.669876&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.103043" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.669876/lat 27.103043)">Longgong Vill., the entrance to Qingxu Cave</a> (27.103043°N, 105.669876°E; elev. 1476 m), 23. VIII. 2020, Y. Lin et al. leg. 1 ♂ (NHMSU -YG 170) and 1 ♀ (NHMSU -YG 170) used for sequencing, same data as for preceding .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet derives from the name of Qingxu Cave, which is a famous and huge cave in the local area as the type locality; noun in apposition.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The male of Crassignatha qingxu sp. nov. is distinguished from all other congeners by the combination of a long, horn-like median apophysis and a furcate embolus (Fig. 10 A, B). The female resembles those of C. bangbie, C. ertou, C. nasalis, C. quanqu, C. thamphra, and C. yinzhi in general vulval configuration. It can be differentiated by its distinctly larger spermathecae, inconspicuous fertilization ducts, and / or the less tortuous course of the copulatory ducts (cf. Fig. 10 A – C with Li et al, 2020: figs 3 F, G, 8 F, G, 17 E, F, 23 D, E, 32 F, G, and 37 F, G).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (holotype). Total length 0.84. Carapace 0.37 long, 0.34 wide, 0.35 high. Clypeus 0.15 high. Sternum 0.22 long, 0.21 wide. Abdomen 0.48 long, 0.43 wide, 0.47 high. Length of legs: I 1.18 (0.35, 0.12, 0.30, 0.17, 0.24); II 1.03 (0.33, 0.11, 0.24, 0.13, 0.22); III 0.81 (0.25, 0.10, 0.16, 0.11, 0.19); IV 0.92 (0.29, 0.10, 0.21, 0.12, 0.20).</p><p>Somatic characters (Fig. 9 A – C). Prosoma sclerotized, coloration deeper than legs and opisthosoma. Carapace nearly rounded, surface granular. Cephalic area raised. Clypeal area concaved laterally. Ocular area slightly protruded, six eyes in three diads, PER recurved, lateral eyes contiguous, posterior median eyes spacing by ~ ¾ their diameter. Mouthparts compacted. Labium wider than long, fused to sternum. Sternum rouge and uneven, truncated posteriorly. Legs pale brown. Tibia II with two distal-ventrally clasping spurs. Opisthosoma globose, weakly scutum wraps abdomen at laterally and posteriorly, light spots scattered on abdomen dorsally and anteriorly. Spinnerets with an annular plate.</p><p>Palp (Fig. 10 A – C): large, ~ ½ of carapace size. Patella slightly shorter than tibia. Cymbium wraps bulb only at prolaterally, cymbial apex bears short seta and a dentiform apophysis (CT). Tegulum swollen and smooth, internal ejaculatory duct distinctly obvious. Median apophysis sclerotized, presenting a long horn shape. Embolic membrane inconspicuous. Embolus short, rigid, extends from above the tegulum, and its end forms a nearly symmetrical fork.</p><p>Female (one of the paratypes). Total length 0.84. Carapace 0.37 long, 0.33 wide, 0.33 high. Clypeus 0.14 high. Sternum 0.25 long, 0.20 wide. Abdomen 0.48 long, 0.50 wide, 0.51 high. Length of legs: I 1.30 (0.45, 0.11, 0.32, 0.18, 0.24); II 1.12 (0.39, 0.10, 0.25, 0.15, 0.23); III 0.84 (0.25, 0.10, 0.17, 0.12, 0.20); IV 1.08 (0.39, 0.11, 0.24, 0.14, 0.20).</p><p>Somatic characters (Fig. 9 D – E). Body coloration same as in male. Carapace nearly pear-shaped. Cervical groove distinct. Cephalic area lower than in male. PER straight. The decorative patterns on carapace and sternum same as in male. Legs with deeper pigmentation. Opisthosoma globular dorsally, lack of abdominal scutum, dorsal color lighter than laterals and ventrally. Annular plate surrounding spinnerets not obvious.</p><p>Epigyne (Fig. 10 D – G): epigynal area slightly bulged, internal structure faintly visible. Scape stubby. Spermathecae nearly spherical, separated by ~ ¾ their diameter. Fertilization duct unapparent, arises from the posteromedial margin of spermatheca, and then sharply curves to spermathecal dorsum. The course of copulatory duct relatively simple, connected with the posterolateral margin of spermatheca, and extends to form a flat “ V ” - shaped structure. Copulatory ducts on both sides fused at the base of scape. Copulatory opening board, located at the end of scape.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Guizhou) (Fig. 13).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F645963986955B8E9CC8CB84AA5B337B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wu, Haihong;Lin, Yucheng	Wu, Haihong, Lin, Yucheng (2026): Phylogenetic classification of poorly known Crassignatha spiders (Araneae, Symphytognathidae), with descriptions of four new species. Zoosystematics and Evolution 102 (1): 159-179, DOI: 10.3897/zse.102.165834
CEDF2935C9CC50F89824A3C349D71AEF.text	CEDF2935C9CC50F89824A3C349D71AEF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crassignatha shunani Y. Lin & S. Li 2020	<div><p>Crassignatha shunani Y. Lin &amp; S. Li, 2020</p><p>Figs 11, 12, 13</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype • ♂ (NHMSU Ar 073) and paratypes • 4 ♂ 49 ♀ (NHMSU Ar 074 –126), China: Sichuan Prov., Luzhou Ct., Gulin Co., Jianzhu TWP., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.58015&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.06134" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.58015/lat 28.06134)">Wenyi Vill., the entrance of Dahei Cave</a> (28.06134°N, 105.58015°E; elev. 852 m), 23. IV. 2014, Y. Lin, H. Zhao and J. Wu leg.</p><p>Other material examined.</p><p>• 2 ♂ 4 ♀ (NHMSU Ar 191 –196), China: Guizhou Prov., Zunyi Ct., Honghuagang Distr., Shenxi TWP., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.9691&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.613714" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.9691/lat 27.613714)">Longjiang Vill., outside of the Guanniu Cave</a> (27.613715°N, 106.969101°E; elev. 848 m), 23. VIII. 2020, Y. Lin, Y. Li and S. Liu leg. 1 ♂ (NHMSU -YG 157) and 1 ♀ (NHMSU -YG 157) used for sequencing, same data as for preceding .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Crassignatha shunani resembles C. nantou in possessing a long, spirally coiled embolus with a sharply pointed tip and in having copulatory ducts with disconnected bases (Fig. 12 A – G). The male of C. shunani can be distinguished by the presence of a sharp cymbial tooth and the absence of a hooked process on the median apophysis (cf. Fig. 12 A, B with Li et al. 2020: fig. 15 A, B). Female differs from that of C. nantou in having more widely separated, ovoid spermathecae and a lower turning point of the copulatory ducts between them, as opposed to the more closely arranged, globose spermathecae and a higher turning point of copulatory duct in the latter species (cf. Fig. 12 D – G with Li et al. 2020: fig. 15 F, G).</p><p>Description.</p><p>See Li et al. 2020: 110 and Figs 11 A – F, 12 A – G.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Guizhou, Sichuan) (Fig. 13).</p><p>Remark.</p><p>This study reports the first documented occurrence of Crassignatha shunani outside its type locality, representing a new provincial record for Guizhou.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CEDF2935C9CC50F89824A3C349D71AEF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wu, Haihong;Lin, Yucheng	Wu, Haihong, Lin, Yucheng (2026): Phylogenetic classification of poorly known Crassignatha spiders (Araneae, Symphytognathidae), with descriptions of four new species. Zoosystematics and Evolution 102 (1): 159-179, DOI: 10.3897/zse.102.165834
6576723B5631544AA99EE11108EAC514.text	6576723B5631544AA99EE11108EAC514.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crassignatha Wunderlich 1995	<div><p>Genus Crassignatha Wunderlich, 1995</p><p>Crassignatha Wunderlich, 1995: 546; Miller et al. 2009: 68; Li et al. 2020: 66.</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Crassignatha haeneli Wunderlich, 1995, by original designation, from Malaysia.</p><p>Diagnosis and description.</p><p>See Li et al. 2020: 66–67 in detail.</p><p>Composition.</p><p>Crassignatha baihua Lin &amp; Li, 2020 (♂ ♀), C. bangbie Lin &amp; Li, 2020 (♂ ♀), C. bicorniventris (Lin &amp; Li, 2009) (♀), C. bispina (Lin, Pham &amp; Li, 2009) (♂ ♀), C. changyan Lin &amp; Li, 2020 (♀), C. danaugirangensis Miller et al., 2014 (♂ ♀), C. dongnai Lin &amp; Li, 2020 (♀), C. ertou Miller, Griswold &amp; Yin, 2009 (♂ ♀), C. gucheng Lin &amp; Li, 2020 (♂ ♀), C. gudu Miller, Griswold &amp; Yin, 2009 (♀), C. haeneli Wunderlich, 1995 (♂), C. hekou Wu &amp; Lin, sp. nov. (♂ ♀), C. kishidai (Shinkai, 2009) (♂ ♀), C. liangdu Wu &amp; Lin, sp. nov. (♂ ♀), C. mengla Lin &amp; Li, 2020 (♂ ♀), C. nantou Lin &amp; Li, 2020 (♂ ♀), C. nasalis Lin &amp; Li, 2020 (♂ ♀), C. panlong Wu &amp; Lin, sp. nov. (♂ ♀), C. pianma Miller, Griswold &amp; Yin, 2009 (♂ ♀), C. qingxu Wu &amp; Lin, sp. nov. (♂ ♀), C. quadriventris (Lin &amp; Li, 2009) (♂ ♀), C. quanqu Miller, Griswold &amp; Yin, 2009 (♂ ♀), C. rostriformis Lin &amp; Li, 2020 (♂ ♀), C. seedam Rivera-Quiroz, Petcharad &amp; Miller, 2021 (♀), C. seeliam Rivera-Quiroz, Petcharad &amp; Miller, 2021 (♂ ♀), C. shiluensis (Lin &amp; Li, 2009) (♂ ♀), C. shunani Lin &amp; Li, 2020 (♂ ♀), C. si Lin &amp; Li, 2020 (♂ ♀), C. thamphra Lin &amp; Li, 2020 (♀), C. xichou Lin &amp; Li, 2020 (♀), C. yamu Miller, Griswold &amp; Yin, 2009 (♂ ♀), and C. yinzhi Miller, Griswold &amp; Yin, 2009 (♂ ♀).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Southern China (Guizhou, Yunnan, Hainan, and Taiwan), Central Japan (Honshu, Shikoku), Vietnam, Thailand, and Malaysia.</p><p>Comments.</p><p>The spider genus Crassignatha was initially placed in Synaphridae (Wunderlich 1995), later cataloged within Mysmenidae (WSC 2025), and subsequently transferred to Symphytognathidae, where it is currently classified (Miller et al. 2009; Lopardo and Hormiga 2015; Li et al. 2020). The genus now comprises 32 species, including the four newly described in this study, and is primarily distributed across the Far East and Southeast Asia. With this updated species count, Crassignatha surpasses both Symphytognatha Hickman, 1931, and Patu Marples, 1951, in species richness, making it the second-largest genus in Symphytognathidae . It is currently exceeded only by Anapistula Gertsch, 1941, which contains 34 recorded species (Brescovit and Cizauskas 2025). Furthermore, Crassignatha represents the most species-rich genus of Symphytognathidae known from China to date.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6576723B5631544AA99EE11108EAC514	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wu, Haihong;Lin, Yucheng	Wu, Haihong, Lin, Yucheng (2026): Phylogenetic classification of poorly known Crassignatha spiders (Araneae, Symphytognathidae), with descriptions of four new species. Zoosystematics and Evolution 102 (1): 159-179, DOI: 10.3897/zse.102.165834
