taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
11517770FFED141BFF715AC6FBAAAF23.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780487/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780487	Figure 5. Dorsal and ventral views of study skins of the two endemic Seramese Rattus species. (a, c) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b, d) Rattus feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.4, paratype). Scale bars 10 mm.	Figure 5. Dorsal and ventral views of study skins of the two endemic Seramese Rattus species. (a, c) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b, d) Rattus feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.4, paratype). Scale bars 10 mm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFED141BFF715AC6FBAAAF23.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780491/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780491	Figure 6. Dorsal views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	Figure 6. Dorsal views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFED141BFF715AC6FBAAAF23.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780493/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780493	Figure 7. Ventral views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R.feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	Figure 7. Ventral views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R.feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFED141BFF715AC6FBAAAF23.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780495/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780495	Figure 8. Lateral views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	Figure 8. Lateral views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFED141BFF715AC6FBAAAF23.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780498/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780498	Figure 9. Occlusal views of maxillary molar rows of (a) Rattus ceramicus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (MZB 4082); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33270); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Cusp names are indicated on the upper left molar images. Scale bar 1 mm.	Figure 9. Occlusal views of maxillary molar rows of (a) Rattus ceramicus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (MZB 4082); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33270); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Cusp names are indicated on the upper left molar images. Scale bar 1 mm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFED141BFF715AC6FBAAAF23.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780500/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780500	Figure 10. Occlusal views of lower molar rows from (a) Rattus ceramicus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (MZB 4082); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33270); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Cuspid features are labelled as follows: a-ling = anterolingual; a-cen = anterocentral; a-lab = anterolabial; md = metaconid, pd = protoconid, alc = anterolabial cusplet; plc = posterolabial cusplet (white arrow on m3); pli = posterolingual cusplet. Scale bar 1 mm.	Figure 10. Occlusal views of lower molar rows from (a) Rattus ceramicus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (MZB 4082); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33270); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Cuspid features are labelled as follows: a-ling = anterolingual; a-cen = anterocentral; a-lab = anterolabial; md = metaconid, pd = protoconid, alc = anterolabial cusplet; plc = posterolabial cusplet (white arrow on m3); pli = posterolingual cusplet. Scale bar 1 mm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFED141BFF715AC6FBAAAF23.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780479/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780479	Figure 1. Distribution map for endemic species of the Rattus Division (Rattus and Halmaheramys) in the Moluccas (Maluku). Maps produced using the open SRTM database (https://www.cgiar-csi.org/data/srtm-90m-digital-elevation-database-v4-1) in the open source QGIS software (https://www.qgis.org/en/site/index.html).	Figure 1. Distribution map for endemic species of the Rattus Division (Rattus and Halmaheramys) in the Moluccas (Maluku). Maps produced using the open SRTM database (https://www.cgiar-csi.org/data/srtm-90m-digital-elevation-database-v4-1) in the open source QGIS software (https://www.qgis.org/en/site/index.html).	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFED141BFF715AC6FBAAAF23.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780481/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780481	Figure 2. IQ-TREE maximum likelihood tree for the mito-nuclear supermatrix dataset.Branch support indicated by: black circles for ML bootstrap support ≥ 95%; grey circles for ML bootstrap support <95% and ≥ 80%; and white circles for ML bootstrap support <80%. Phylogenetic posterior probabilities (PP) are indicated by black squares for PP = 1 and grey squares for 1> PP ≥ 0.95. Dotted branches indicate Moluccan Rattus species represented by Cytb sequences only. Geography and species are represented by different colours: Philippines = red; Sundaland and widespread = black; Sulawesi = pink; Maluku = blue; Australia and New Guinea = green.	Figure 2. IQ-TREE maximum likelihood tree for the mito-nuclear supermatrix dataset.Branch support indicated by: black circles for ML bootstrap support ≥ 95%; grey circles for ML bootstrap support <95% and ≥ 80%; and white circles for ML bootstrap support <80%. Phylogenetic posterior probabilities (PP) are indicated by black squares for PP = 1 and grey squares for 1> PP ≥ 0.95. Dotted branches indicate Moluccan Rattus species represented by Cytb sequences only. Geography and species are represented by different colours: Philippines = red; Sundaland and widespread = black; Sulawesi = pink; Maluku = blue; Australia and New Guinea = green.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFEC1404FEB25F2FFAC8A9FC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780487/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780487	Figure 5. Dorsal and ventral views of study skins of the two endemic Seramese Rattus species. (a, c) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b, d) Rattus feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.4, paratype). Scale bars 10 mm.	Figure 5. Dorsal and ventral views of study skins of the two endemic Seramese Rattus species. (a, c) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b, d) Rattus feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.4, paratype). Scale bars 10 mm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFEC1404FEB25F2FFAC8A9FC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780491/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780491	Figure 6. Dorsal views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	Figure 6. Dorsal views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFEC1404FEB25F2FFAC8A9FC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780493/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780493	Figure 7. Ventral views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R.feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	Figure 7. Ventral views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R.feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFEC1404FEB25F2FFAC8A9FC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780495/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780495	Figure 8. Lateral views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	Figure 8. Lateral views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFEC1404FEB25F2FFAC8A9FC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780498/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780498	Figure 9. Occlusal views of maxillary molar rows of (a) Rattus ceramicus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (MZB 4082); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33270); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Cusp names are indicated on the upper left molar images. Scale bar 1 mm.	Figure 9. Occlusal views of maxillary molar rows of (a) Rattus ceramicus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (MZB 4082); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33270); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Cusp names are indicated on the upper left molar images. Scale bar 1 mm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFEC1404FEB25F2FFAC8A9FC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780500/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780500	Figure 10. Occlusal views of lower molar rows from (a) Rattus ceramicus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (MZB 4082); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33270); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Cuspid features are labelled as follows: a-ling = anterolingual; a-cen = anterocentral; a-lab = anterolabial; md = metaconid, pd = protoconid, alc = anterolabial cusplet; plc = posterolabial cusplet (white arrow on m3); pli = posterolingual cusplet. Scale bar 1 mm.	Figure 10. Occlusal views of lower molar rows from (a) Rattus ceramicus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (MZB 4082); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33270); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Cuspid features are labelled as follows: a-ling = anterolingual; a-cen = anterocentral; a-lab = anterolabial; md = metaconid, pd = protoconid, alc = anterolabial cusplet; plc = posterolabial cusplet (white arrow on m3); pli = posterolingual cusplet. Scale bar 1 mm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFEC1404FEB25F2FFAC8A9FC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780481/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780481	Figure 2. IQ-TREE maximum likelihood tree for the mito-nuclear supermatrix dataset.Branch support indicated by: black circles for ML bootstrap support ≥ 95%; grey circles for ML bootstrap support <95% and ≥ 80%; and white circles for ML bootstrap support <80%. Phylogenetic posterior probabilities (PP) are indicated by black squares for PP = 1 and grey squares for 1> PP ≥ 0.95. Dotted branches indicate Moluccan Rattus species represented by Cytb sequences only. Geography and species are represented by different colours: Philippines = red; Sundaland and widespread = black; Sulawesi = pink; Maluku = blue; Australia and New Guinea = green.	Figure 2. IQ-TREE maximum likelihood tree for the mito-nuclear supermatrix dataset.Branch support indicated by: black circles for ML bootstrap support ≥ 95%; grey circles for ML bootstrap support <95% and ≥ 80%; and white circles for ML bootstrap support <80%. Phylogenetic posterior probabilities (PP) are indicated by black squares for PP = 1 and grey squares for 1> PP ≥ 0.95. Dotted branches indicate Moluccan Rattus species represented by Cytb sequences only. Geography and species are represented by different colours: Philippines = red; Sundaland and widespread = black; Sulawesi = pink; Maluku = blue; Australia and New Guinea = green.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFEC1404FEB25F2FFAC8A9FC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780483/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780483	Figure 3. Principal component analysis of log-shape ratios of external measurements (PC1 to 3). Geography and species are represented by different colours and symbols (see legend).Taliabu and Mangole = red, Seram = black, Halmahera = grey, Morotai = blue, Obi = green.	Figure 3. Principal component analysis of log-shape ratios of external measurements (PC1 to 3). Geography and species are represented by different colours and symbols (see legend).Taliabu and Mangole = red, Seram = black, Halmahera = grey, Morotai = blue, Obi = green.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFF21407FC4A5B14FE37AB10.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780503/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780503	Figure 11. Dorsal and ventral views of study skins of (a, d) Rattus feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (b, e) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); and (c, f) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype). Scale bar 10 mm.	Figure 11. Dorsal and ventral views of study skins of (a, d) Rattus feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (b, e) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); and (c, f) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype). Scale bar 10 mm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFF21407FC4A5B14FE37AB10.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780491/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780491	Figure 6. Dorsal views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	Figure 6. Dorsal views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFF21407FC4A5B14FE37AB10.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780493/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780493	Figure 7. Ventral views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R.feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	Figure 7. Ventral views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R.feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFF21407FC4A5B14FE37AB10.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780495/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780495	Figure 8. Lateral views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	Figure 8. Lateral views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFF21407FC4A5B14FE37AB10.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780498/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780498	Figure 9. Occlusal views of maxillary molar rows of (a) Rattus ceramicus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (MZB 4082); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33270); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Cusp names are indicated on the upper left molar images. Scale bar 1 mm.	Figure 9. Occlusal views of maxillary molar rows of (a) Rattus ceramicus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (MZB 4082); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33270); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Cusp names are indicated on the upper left molar images. Scale bar 1 mm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFF21407FC4A5B14FE37AB10.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780500/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780500	Figure 10. Occlusal views of lower molar rows from (a) Rattus ceramicus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (MZB 4082); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33270); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Cuspid features are labelled as follows: a-ling = anterolingual; a-cen = anterocentral; a-lab = anterolabial; md = metaconid, pd = protoconid, alc = anterolabial cusplet; plc = posterolabial cusplet (white arrow on m3); pli = posterolingual cusplet. Scale bar 1 mm.	Figure 10. Occlusal views of lower molar rows from (a) Rattus ceramicus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (MZB 4082); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33270); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Cuspid features are labelled as follows: a-ling = anterolingual; a-cen = anterocentral; a-lab = anterolabial; md = metaconid, pd = protoconid, alc = anterolabial cusplet; plc = posterolabial cusplet (white arrow on m3); pli = posterolingual cusplet. Scale bar 1 mm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFF11400FEB45AAEFBE1AB63.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780491/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780491	Figure 6. Dorsal views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	Figure 6. Dorsal views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFF11400FEB45AAEFBE1AB63.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780493/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780493	Figure 7. Ventral views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R.feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	Figure 7. Ventral views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R.feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFF11400FEB45AAEFBE1AB63.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780495/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780495	Figure 8. Lateral views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	Figure 8. Lateral views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFF11400FEB45AAEFBE1AB63.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780498/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780498	Figure 9. Occlusal views of maxillary molar rows of (a) Rattus ceramicus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (MZB 4082); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33270); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Cusp names are indicated on the upper left molar images. Scale bar 1 mm.	Figure 9. Occlusal views of maxillary molar rows of (a) Rattus ceramicus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (MZB 4082); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33270); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Cusp names are indicated on the upper left molar images. Scale bar 1 mm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFF11400FEB45AAEFBE1AB63.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780500/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780500	Figure 10. Occlusal views of lower molar rows from (a) Rattus ceramicus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (MZB 4082); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33270); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Cuspid features are labelled as follows: a-ling = anterolingual; a-cen = anterocentral; a-lab = anterolabial; md = metaconid, pd = protoconid, alc = anterolabial cusplet; plc = posterolabial cusplet (white arrow on m3); pli = posterolingual cusplet. Scale bar 1 mm.	Figure 10. Occlusal views of lower molar rows from (a) Rattus ceramicus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (MZB 4082); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33270); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Cuspid features are labelled as follows: a-ling = anterolingual; a-cen = anterocentral; a-lab = anterolabial; md = metaconid, pd = protoconid, alc = anterolabial cusplet; plc = posterolabial cusplet (white arrow on m3); pli = posterolingual cusplet. Scale bar 1 mm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFF11400FEB45AAEFBE1AB63.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780503/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780503	Figure 11. Dorsal and ventral views of study skins of (a, d) Rattus feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (b, e) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); and (c, f) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype). Scale bar 10 mm.	Figure 11. Dorsal and ventral views of study skins of (a, d) Rattus feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (b, e) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); and (c, f) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype). Scale bar 10 mm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFF11400FEB45AAEFBE1AB63.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780506/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780506	Figure 12. Terminal tips of tails illustrating scales and tail hairs: (a) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AMNH 267681); (b) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); and (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype).	Figure 12. Terminal tips of tails illustrating scales and tail hairs: (a) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AMNH 267681); (b) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); and (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype).	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFF11400FEB45AAEFBE1AB63.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780508/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780508	Figure 13. Occlusal views of maxillary molar rows from (a–c) Rattus halmaheraensis sp. nov.(MZB 33234, MZB 33270, MZB 33548); (d, e) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38232, MZB 38231 holotype); (f) R. xanthurus from Sulawesi (AMNH 223225, no scale available); (g) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (h–j) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277309, USNM 277312 holotype, USNM 277310).Cusp names are indicated on the upper left molar pictures labeled (a) and (b). Scale bar 1 mm.	Figure 13. Occlusal views of maxillary molar rows from (a–c) Rattus halmaheraensis sp. nov.(MZB 33234, MZB 33270, MZB 33548); (d, e) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38232, MZB 38231 holotype); (f) R. xanthurus from Sulawesi (AMNH 223225, no scale available); (g) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (h–j) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277309, USNM 277312 holotype, USNM 277310).Cusp names are indicated on the upper left molar pictures labeled (a) and (b). Scale bar 1 mm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFF11400FEB45AAEFBE1AB63.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780510/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780510	Figure 14. Occlusal views of mandibular molar rows from (a–c) Rattus halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33234, MZB 33270, MZB 33548); (d, e) R. obiensis sp. nov. (d MZB 38232, e MZB 38231 holotype); (f) R. xanthurus from Sulawesi (AMNH 223225, no scale available); (g) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (h–j) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277309, USNM 277312 holotype, USNM 277310). Cuspid features are labelled as follows: a-ling = anterolingual; a-cen = anterocentral; a-lab = anterolabial; md = metaconid, pd = protoconid, alc = anterolabial cusplet; plc = posterolabial cusplet (white arrow on m3); pli = posterolingual cusplet. Scale bar 1 mm.	Figure 14. Occlusal views of mandibular molar rows from (a–c) Rattus halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33234, MZB 33270, MZB 33548); (d, e) R. obiensis sp. nov. (d MZB 38232, e MZB 38231 holotype); (f) R. xanthurus from Sulawesi (AMNH 223225, no scale available); (g) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (h–j) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277309, USNM 277312 holotype, USNM 277310). Cuspid features are labelled as follows: a-ling = anterolingual; a-cen = anterocentral; a-lab = anterolabial; md = metaconid, pd = protoconid, alc = anterolabial cusplet; plc = posterolabial cusplet (white arrow on m3); pli = posterolingual cusplet. Scale bar 1 mm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFF11400FEB45AAEFBE1AB63.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780522/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780522	Figure 18. Dorsal, palatal, and lateral view of the skull from (a) Rattus feileri sp. nov. (SMF 11429, holotype); (b) an immature R. morotaiensis (USNM 277314); (c) an adult of R. morotaiensis (USNM 277309); and (d) an old adult of R. morotaiensis (USNM 277313).	Figure 18. Dorsal, palatal, and lateral view of the skull from (a) Rattus feileri sp. nov. (SMF 11429, holotype); (b) an immature R. morotaiensis (USNM 277314); (c) an adult of R. morotaiensis (USNM 277309); and (d) an old adult of R. morotaiensis (USNM 277313).	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFF11400FEB45AAEFBE1AB63.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780479/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780479	Figure 1. Distribution map for endemic species of the Rattus Division (Rattus and Halmaheramys) in the Moluccas (Maluku). Maps produced using the open SRTM database (https://www.cgiar-csi.org/data/srtm-90m-digital-elevation-database-v4-1) in the open source QGIS software (https://www.qgis.org/en/site/index.html).	Figure 1. Distribution map for endemic species of the Rattus Division (Rattus and Halmaheramys) in the Moluccas (Maluku). Maps produced using the open SRTM database (https://www.cgiar-csi.org/data/srtm-90m-digital-elevation-database-v4-1) in the open source QGIS software (https://www.qgis.org/en/site/index.html).	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFF6140CFC4D5A54FD9BA9F3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780491/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780491	Figure 6. Dorsal views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	Figure 6. Dorsal views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFF6140CFC4D5A54FD9BA9F3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780493/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780493	Figure 7. Ventral views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R.feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	Figure 7. Ventral views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R.feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFF6140CFC4D5A54FD9BA9F3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780495/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780495	Figure 8. Lateral views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	Figure 8. Lateral views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFF6140CFC4D5A54FD9BA9F3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780498/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780498	Figure 9. Occlusal views of maxillary molar rows of (a) Rattus ceramicus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (MZB 4082); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33270); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Cusp names are indicated on the upper left molar images. Scale bar 1 mm.	Figure 9. Occlusal views of maxillary molar rows of (a) Rattus ceramicus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (MZB 4082); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33270); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Cusp names are indicated on the upper left molar images. Scale bar 1 mm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFF6140CFC4D5A54FD9BA9F3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780500/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780500	Figure 10. Occlusal views of lower molar rows from (a) Rattus ceramicus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (MZB 4082); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33270); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Cuspid features are labelled as follows: a-ling = anterolingual; a-cen = anterocentral; a-lab = anterolabial; md = metaconid, pd = protoconid, alc = anterolabial cusplet; plc = posterolabial cusplet (white arrow on m3); pli = posterolingual cusplet. Scale bar 1 mm.	Figure 10. Occlusal views of lower molar rows from (a) Rattus ceramicus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (MZB 4082); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33270); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Cuspid features are labelled as follows: a-ling = anterolingual; a-cen = anterocentral; a-lab = anterolabial; md = metaconid, pd = protoconid, alc = anterolabial cusplet; plc = posterolabial cusplet (white arrow on m3); pli = posterolingual cusplet. Scale bar 1 mm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFF6140CFC4D5A54FD9BA9F3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780503/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780503	Figure 11. Dorsal and ventral views of study skins of (a, d) Rattus feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (b, e) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); and (c, f) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype). Scale bar 10 mm.	Figure 11. Dorsal and ventral views of study skins of (a, d) Rattus feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (b, e) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); and (c, f) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype). Scale bar 10 mm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFF6140CFC4D5A54FD9BA9F3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780479/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780479	Figure 1. Distribution map for endemic species of the Rattus Division (Rattus and Halmaheramys) in the Moluccas (Maluku). Maps produced using the open SRTM database (https://www.cgiar-csi.org/data/srtm-90m-digital-elevation-database-v4-1) in the open source QGIS software (https://www.qgis.org/en/site/index.html).	Figure 1. Distribution map for endemic species of the Rattus Division (Rattus and Halmaheramys) in the Moluccas (Maluku). Maps produced using the open SRTM database (https://www.cgiar-csi.org/data/srtm-90m-digital-elevation-database-v4-1) in the open source QGIS software (https://www.qgis.org/en/site/index.html).	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFFA140CFE915B6CFA74AA0E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780512/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780512	Figure 15. Dorsal and ventral views of study skins of (a, d) Rattus morotaiensis (AM M.7084); (b, e) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); and (c, f) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231, holotype). Scale bars 10 mm.	Figure 15. Dorsal and ventral views of study skins of (a, d) Rattus morotaiensis (AM M.7084); (b, e) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); and (c, f) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231, holotype). Scale bars 10 mm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFFA140CFE915B6CFA74AA0E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780483/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780483	Figure 3. Principal component analysis of log-shape ratios of external measurements (PC1 to 3). Geography and species are represented by different colours and symbols (see legend).Taliabu and Mangole = red, Seram = black, Halmahera = grey, Morotai = blue, Obi = green.	Figure 3. Principal component analysis of log-shape ratios of external measurements (PC1 to 3). Geography and species are represented by different colours and symbols (see legend).Taliabu and Mangole = red, Seram = black, Halmahera = grey, Morotai = blue, Obi = green.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFFA140CFE915B6CFA74AA0E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780491/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780491	Figure 6. Dorsal views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	Figure 6. Dorsal views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFFA140CFE915B6CFA74AA0E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780493/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780493	Figure 7. Ventral views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R.feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	Figure 7. Ventral views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R.feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFFA140CFE915B6CFA74AA0E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780495/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780495	Figure 8. Lateral views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	Figure 8. Lateral views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFFA140CFE915B6CFA74AA0E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780498/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780498	Figure 9. Occlusal views of maxillary molar rows of (a) Rattus ceramicus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (MZB 4082); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33270); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Cusp names are indicated on the upper left molar images. Scale bar 1 mm.	Figure 9. Occlusal views of maxillary molar rows of (a) Rattus ceramicus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (MZB 4082); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33270); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Cusp names are indicated on the upper left molar images. Scale bar 1 mm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFFA140CFE915B6CFA74AA0E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780508/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780508	Figure 13. Occlusal views of maxillary molar rows from (a–c) Rattus halmaheraensis sp. nov.(MZB 33234, MZB 33270, MZB 33548); (d, e) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38232, MZB 38231 holotype); (f) R. xanthurus from Sulawesi (AMNH 223225, no scale available); (g) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (h–j) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277309, USNM 277312 holotype, USNM 277310).Cusp names are indicated on the upper left molar pictures labeled (a) and (b). Scale bar 1 mm.	Figure 13. Occlusal views of maxillary molar rows from (a–c) Rattus halmaheraensis sp. nov.(MZB 33234, MZB 33270, MZB 33548); (d, e) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38232, MZB 38231 holotype); (f) R. xanthurus from Sulawesi (AMNH 223225, no scale available); (g) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (h–j) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277309, USNM 277312 holotype, USNM 277310).Cusp names are indicated on the upper left molar pictures labeled (a) and (b). Scale bar 1 mm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFFA140CFE915B6CFA74AA0E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780500/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780500	Figure 10. Occlusal views of lower molar rows from (a) Rattus ceramicus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (MZB 4082); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33270); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Cuspid features are labelled as follows: a-ling = anterolingual; a-cen = anterocentral; a-lab = anterolabial; md = metaconid, pd = protoconid, alc = anterolabial cusplet; plc = posterolabial cusplet (white arrow on m3); pli = posterolingual cusplet. Scale bar 1 mm.	Figure 10. Occlusal views of lower molar rows from (a) Rattus ceramicus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (MZB 4082); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33270); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Cuspid features are labelled as follows: a-ling = anterolingual; a-cen = anterocentral; a-lab = anterolabial; md = metaconid, pd = protoconid, alc = anterolabial cusplet; plc = posterolabial cusplet (white arrow on m3); pli = posterolingual cusplet. Scale bar 1 mm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFFA140CFE915B6CFA74AA0E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780510/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780510	Figure 14. Occlusal views of mandibular molar rows from (a–c) Rattus halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33234, MZB 33270, MZB 33548); (d, e) R. obiensis sp. nov. (d MZB 38232, e MZB 38231 holotype); (f) R. xanthurus from Sulawesi (AMNH 223225, no scale available); (g) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (h–j) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277309, USNM 277312 holotype, USNM 277310). Cuspid features are labelled as follows: a-ling = anterolingual; a-cen = anterocentral; a-lab = anterolabial; md = metaconid, pd = protoconid, alc = anterolabial cusplet; plc = posterolabial cusplet (white arrow on m3); pli = posterolingual cusplet. Scale bar 1 mm.	Figure 14. Occlusal views of mandibular molar rows from (a–c) Rattus halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33234, MZB 33270, MZB 33548); (d, e) R. obiensis sp. nov. (d MZB 38232, e MZB 38231 holotype); (f) R. xanthurus from Sulawesi (AMNH 223225, no scale available); (g) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (h–j) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277309, USNM 277312 holotype, USNM 277310). Cuspid features are labelled as follows: a-ling = anterolingual; a-cen = anterocentral; a-lab = anterolabial; md = metaconid, pd = protoconid, alc = anterolabial cusplet; plc = posterolabial cusplet (white arrow on m3); pli = posterolingual cusplet. Scale bar 1 mm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFFA1409FC255BA3FAF6AB70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780491/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780491	Figure 6. Dorsal views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	Figure 6. Dorsal views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFFA1409FC255BA3FAF6AB70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780493/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780493	Figure 7. Ventral views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R.feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	Figure 7. Ventral views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R.feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFFA1409FC255BA3FAF6AB70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780495/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780495	Figure 8. Lateral views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	Figure 8. Lateral views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFFA1409FC255BA3FAF6AB70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780498/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780498	Figure 9. Occlusal views of maxillary molar rows of (a) Rattus ceramicus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (MZB 4082); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33270); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Cusp names are indicated on the upper left molar images. Scale bar 1 mm.	Figure 9. Occlusal views of maxillary molar rows of (a) Rattus ceramicus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (MZB 4082); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33270); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Cusp names are indicated on the upper left molar images. Scale bar 1 mm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFFA1409FC255BA3FAF6AB70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780500/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780500	Figure 10. Occlusal views of lower molar rows from (a) Rattus ceramicus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (MZB 4082); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33270); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Cuspid features are labelled as follows: a-ling = anterolingual; a-cen = anterocentral; a-lab = anterolabial; md = metaconid, pd = protoconid, alc = anterolabial cusplet; plc = posterolabial cusplet (white arrow on m3); pli = posterolingual cusplet. Scale bar 1 mm.	Figure 10. Occlusal views of lower molar rows from (a) Rattus ceramicus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (MZB 4082); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33270); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Cuspid features are labelled as follows: a-ling = anterolingual; a-cen = anterocentral; a-lab = anterolabial; md = metaconid, pd = protoconid, alc = anterolabial cusplet; plc = posterolabial cusplet (white arrow on m3); pli = posterolingual cusplet. Scale bar 1 mm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFFA1409FC255BA3FAF6AB70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780506/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780506	Figure 12. Terminal tips of tails illustrating scales and tail hairs: (a) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AMNH 267681); (b) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); and (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype).	Figure 12. Terminal tips of tails illustrating scales and tail hairs: (a) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AMNH 267681); (b) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); and (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype).	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFFA1409FC255BA3FAF6AB70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780508/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780508	Figure 13. Occlusal views of maxillary molar rows from (a–c) Rattus halmaheraensis sp. nov.(MZB 33234, MZB 33270, MZB 33548); (d, e) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38232, MZB 38231 holotype); (f) R. xanthurus from Sulawesi (AMNH 223225, no scale available); (g) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (h–j) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277309, USNM 277312 holotype, USNM 277310).Cusp names are indicated on the upper left molar pictures labeled (a) and (b). Scale bar 1 mm.	Figure 13. Occlusal views of maxillary molar rows from (a–c) Rattus halmaheraensis sp. nov.(MZB 33234, MZB 33270, MZB 33548); (d, e) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38232, MZB 38231 holotype); (f) R. xanthurus from Sulawesi (AMNH 223225, no scale available); (g) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (h–j) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277309, USNM 277312 holotype, USNM 277310).Cusp names are indicated on the upper left molar pictures labeled (a) and (b). Scale bar 1 mm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFFA1409FC255BA3FAF6AB70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780510/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780510	Figure 14. Occlusal views of mandibular molar rows from (a–c) Rattus halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33234, MZB 33270, MZB 33548); (d, e) R. obiensis sp. nov. (d MZB 38232, e MZB 38231 holotype); (f) R. xanthurus from Sulawesi (AMNH 223225, no scale available); (g) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (h–j) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277309, USNM 277312 holotype, USNM 277310). Cuspid features are labelled as follows: a-ling = anterolingual; a-cen = anterocentral; a-lab = anterolabial; md = metaconid, pd = protoconid, alc = anterolabial cusplet; plc = posterolabial cusplet (white arrow on m3); pli = posterolingual cusplet. Scale bar 1 mm.	Figure 14. Occlusal views of mandibular molar rows from (a–c) Rattus halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33234, MZB 33270, MZB 33548); (d, e) R. obiensis sp. nov. (d MZB 38232, e MZB 38231 holotype); (f) R. xanthurus from Sulawesi (AMNH 223225, no scale available); (g) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (h–j) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277309, USNM 277312 holotype, USNM 277310). Cuspid features are labelled as follows: a-ling = anterolingual; a-cen = anterocentral; a-lab = anterolabial; md = metaconid, pd = protoconid, alc = anterolabial cusplet; plc = posterolabial cusplet (white arrow on m3); pli = posterolingual cusplet. Scale bar 1 mm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFFA1409FC255BA3FAF6AB70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780512/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780512	Figure 15. Dorsal and ventral views of study skins of (a, d) Rattus morotaiensis (AM M.7084); (b, e) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); and (c, f) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231, holotype). Scale bars 10 mm.	Figure 15. Dorsal and ventral views of study skins of (a, d) Rattus morotaiensis (AM M.7084); (b, e) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); and (c, f) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231, holotype). Scale bars 10 mm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFFA1409FC255BA3FAF6AB70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780518/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780518	Figure 16. Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the skull of (a) a young adult Rattus halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33229); (b) an immature R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33551); (c) an immature R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231, holotype).	Figure 16. Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the skull of (a) a young adult Rattus halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33229); (b) an immature R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33551); (c) an immature R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231, holotype).	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFFA1409FC255BA3FAF6AB70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780524/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780524	Figure 19. Dorsal and palatal views of Rattus halmaheraensis for adult (MZB 33234, 33235), subadult (MZB 33270, 33548), and juvenile (MZB 33551) specimens.	Figure 19. Dorsal and palatal views of Rattus halmaheraensis for adult (MZB 33234, 33235), subadult (MZB 33270, 33548), and juvenile (MZB 33551) specimens.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFFA1409FC255BA3FAF6AB70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780479/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780479	Figure 1. Distribution map for endemic species of the Rattus Division (Rattus and Halmaheramys) in the Moluccas (Maluku). Maps produced using the open SRTM database (https://www.cgiar-csi.org/data/srtm-90m-digital-elevation-database-v4-1) in the open source QGIS software (https://www.qgis.org/en/site/index.html).	Figure 1. Distribution map for endemic species of the Rattus Division (Rattus and Halmaheramys) in the Moluccas (Maluku). Maps produced using the open SRTM database (https://www.cgiar-csi.org/data/srtm-90m-digital-elevation-database-v4-1) in the open source QGIS software (https://www.qgis.org/en/site/index.html).	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFFA1409FC255BA3FAF6AB70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780481/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780481	Figure 2. IQ-TREE maximum likelihood tree for the mito-nuclear supermatrix dataset.Branch support indicated by: black circles for ML bootstrap support ≥ 95%; grey circles for ML bootstrap support <95% and ≥ 80%; and white circles for ML bootstrap support <80%. Phylogenetic posterior probabilities (PP) are indicated by black squares for PP = 1 and grey squares for 1> PP ≥ 0.95. Dotted branches indicate Moluccan Rattus species represented by Cytb sequences only. Geography and species are represented by different colours: Philippines = red; Sundaland and widespread = black; Sulawesi = pink; Maluku = blue; Australia and New Guinea = green.	Figure 2. IQ-TREE maximum likelihood tree for the mito-nuclear supermatrix dataset.Branch support indicated by: black circles for ML bootstrap support ≥ 95%; grey circles for ML bootstrap support <95% and ≥ 80%; and white circles for ML bootstrap support <80%. Phylogenetic posterior probabilities (PP) are indicated by black squares for PP = 1 and grey squares for 1> PP ≥ 0.95. Dotted branches indicate Moluccan Rattus species represented by Cytb sequences only. Geography and species are represented by different colours: Philippines = red; Sundaland and widespread = black; Sulawesi = pink; Maluku = blue; Australia and New Guinea = green.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFFA1409FC255BA3FAF6AB70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780522/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780522	Figure 18. Dorsal, palatal, and lateral view of the skull from (a) Rattus feileri sp. nov. (SMF 11429, holotype); (b) an immature R. morotaiensis (USNM 277314); (c) an adult of R. morotaiensis (USNM 277309); and (d) an old adult of R. morotaiensis (USNM 277313).	Figure 18. Dorsal, palatal, and lateral view of the skull from (a) Rattus feileri sp. nov. (SMF 11429, holotype); (b) an immature R. morotaiensis (USNM 277314); (c) an adult of R. morotaiensis (USNM 277309); and (d) an old adult of R. morotaiensis (USNM 277313).	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFFF1435FC585A8BFE74AD24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780491/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780491	Figure 6. Dorsal views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	Figure 6. Dorsal views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFFF1435FC585A8BFE74AD24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780493/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780493	Figure 7. Ventral views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R.feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	Figure 7. Ventral views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R.feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFFF1435FC585A8BFE74AD24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780495/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780495	Figure 8. Lateral views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	Figure 8. Lateral views of skulls of (a) Rattus ceramicus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Scale bar 2 cm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFFF1435FC585A8BFE74AD24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780498/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780498	Figure 9. Occlusal views of maxillary molar rows of (a) Rattus ceramicus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (MZB 4082); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33270); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Cusp names are indicated on the upper left molar images. Scale bar 1 mm.	Figure 9. Occlusal views of maxillary molar rows of (a) Rattus ceramicus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (MZB 4082); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33270); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Cusp names are indicated on the upper left molar images. Scale bar 1 mm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFFF1435FC585A8BFE74AD24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780500/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780500	Figure 10. Occlusal views of lower molar rows from (a) Rattus ceramicus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (MZB 4082); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33270); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Cuspid features are labelled as follows: a-ling = anterolingual; a-cen = anterocentral; a-lab = anterolabial; md = metaconid, pd = protoconid, alc = anterolabial cusplet; plc = posterolabial cusplet (white arrow on m3); pli = posterolingual cusplet. Scale bar 1 mm.	Figure 10. Occlusal views of lower molar rows from (a) Rattus ceramicus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.28 holotype); (b) R. feliceus from Seram (NHMUK ZD 1920.7.26.7 holotype); (c) R. elaphinus (MZB 4082); (d) R. taliabuensis sp. nov. (SNSD 11968 holotype); (e) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (f) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277312 holotype); (g) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33270); (h) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231 holotype). Cuspid features are labelled as follows: a-ling = anterolingual; a-cen = anterocentral; a-lab = anterolabial; md = metaconid, pd = protoconid, alc = anterolabial cusplet; plc = posterolabial cusplet (white arrow on m3); pli = posterolingual cusplet. Scale bar 1 mm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFFF1435FC585A8BFE74AD24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780508/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780508	Figure 13. Occlusal views of maxillary molar rows from (a–c) Rattus halmaheraensis sp. nov.(MZB 33234, MZB 33270, MZB 33548); (d, e) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38232, MZB 38231 holotype); (f) R. xanthurus from Sulawesi (AMNH 223225, no scale available); (g) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (h–j) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277309, USNM 277312 holotype, USNM 277310).Cusp names are indicated on the upper left molar pictures labeled (a) and (b). Scale bar 1 mm.	Figure 13. Occlusal views of maxillary molar rows from (a–c) Rattus halmaheraensis sp. nov.(MZB 33234, MZB 33270, MZB 33548); (d, e) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38232, MZB 38231 holotype); (f) R. xanthurus from Sulawesi (AMNH 223225, no scale available); (g) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (h–j) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277309, USNM 277312 holotype, USNM 277310).Cusp names are indicated on the upper left molar pictures labeled (a) and (b). Scale bar 1 mm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFFF1435FC585A8BFE74AD24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780510/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780510	Figure 14. Occlusal views of mandibular molar rows from (a–c) Rattus halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33234, MZB 33270, MZB 33548); (d, e) R. obiensis sp. nov. (d MZB 38232, e MZB 38231 holotype); (f) R. xanthurus from Sulawesi (AMNH 223225, no scale available); (g) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (h–j) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277309, USNM 277312 holotype, USNM 277310). Cuspid features are labelled as follows: a-ling = anterolingual; a-cen = anterocentral; a-lab = anterolabial; md = metaconid, pd = protoconid, alc = anterolabial cusplet; plc = posterolabial cusplet (white arrow on m3); pli = posterolingual cusplet. Scale bar 1 mm.	Figure 14. Occlusal views of mandibular molar rows from (a–c) Rattus halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33234, MZB 33270, MZB 33548); (d, e) R. obiensis sp. nov. (d MZB 38232, e MZB 38231 holotype); (f) R. xanthurus from Sulawesi (AMNH 223225, no scale available); (g) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); (h–j) R. morotaiensis (USNM 277309, USNM 277312 holotype, USNM 277310). Cuspid features are labelled as follows: a-ling = anterolingual; a-cen = anterocentral; a-lab = anterolabial; md = metaconid, pd = protoconid, alc = anterolabial cusplet; plc = posterolabial cusplet (white arrow on m3); pli = posterolingual cusplet. Scale bar 1 mm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFFF1435FC585A8BFE74AD24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780512/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780512	Figure 15. Dorsal and ventral views of study skins of (a, d) Rattus morotaiensis (AM M.7084); (b, e) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); and (c, f) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231, holotype). Scale bars 10 mm.	Figure 15. Dorsal and ventral views of study skins of (a, d) Rattus morotaiensis (AM M.7084); (b, e) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AM M.23652 holotype); and (c, f) R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231, holotype). Scale bars 10 mm.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFFF1435FC585A8BFE74AD24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780518/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780518	Figure 16. Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the skull of (a) a young adult Rattus halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33229); (b) an immature R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33551); (c) an immature R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231, holotype).	Figure 16. Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the skull of (a) a young adult Rattus halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33229); (b) an immature R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (MZB 33551); (c) an immature R. obiensis sp. nov. (MZB 38231, holotype).	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFFF1435FC585A8BFE74AD24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780526/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780526	Figure 20. External appearance (a) of the holotype of Rattus obiensis sp. nov. shortly after capture. Both fore and hind feet are pictured (b–c and d–e, respectively).	Figure 20. External appearance (a) of the holotype of Rattus obiensis sp. nov. shortly after capture. Both fore and hind feet are pictured (b–c and d–e, respectively).	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFFF1435FC585A8BFE74AD24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780485/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780485	Figure 4. Principal component and associated patterns of morphological transformation for the ventral and dorsal views of the skulls of Moluccan Rattus species. Patterns of shape variation along PC1 and PC2 are shown on the sides of the graph, with blue corresponding to minimum values and red to maximum values.Geography and species are represented by different colours and symbols (see Fig.3). Taliabu and Mangole = red; Seram = black; Halmahera = grey; Morotai = blue; Obi = green. Symbols proportional to centroid size of the skull.	Figure 4. Principal component and associated patterns of morphological transformation for the ventral and dorsal views of the skulls of Moluccan Rattus species. Patterns of shape variation along PC1 and PC2 are shown on the sides of the graph, with blue corresponding to minimum values and red to maximum values.Geography and species are represented by different colours and symbols (see Fig.3). Taliabu and Mangole = red; Seram = black; Halmahera = grey; Morotai = blue; Obi = green. Symbols proportional to centroid size of the skull.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFFF1435FC585A8BFE74AD24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780481/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780481	Figure 2. IQ-TREE maximum likelihood tree for the mito-nuclear supermatrix dataset.Branch support indicated by: black circles for ML bootstrap support ≥ 95%; grey circles for ML bootstrap support <95% and ≥ 80%; and white circles for ML bootstrap support <80%. Phylogenetic posterior probabilities (PP) are indicated by black squares for PP = 1 and grey squares for 1> PP ≥ 0.95. Dotted branches indicate Moluccan Rattus species represented by Cytb sequences only. Geography and species are represented by different colours: Philippines = red; Sundaland and widespread = black; Sulawesi = pink; Maluku = blue; Australia and New Guinea = green.	Figure 2. IQ-TREE maximum likelihood tree for the mito-nuclear supermatrix dataset.Branch support indicated by: black circles for ML bootstrap support ≥ 95%; grey circles for ML bootstrap support <95% and ≥ 80%; and white circles for ML bootstrap support <80%. Phylogenetic posterior probabilities (PP) are indicated by black squares for PP = 1 and grey squares for 1> PP ≥ 0.95. Dotted branches indicate Moluccan Rattus species represented by Cytb sequences only. Geography and species are represented by different colours: Philippines = red; Sundaland and widespread = black; Sulawesi = pink; Maluku = blue; Australia and New Guinea = green.	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
11517770FFFF1435FC585A8BFE74AD24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16780506/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16780506	Figure 12. Terminal tips of tails illustrating scales and tail hairs: (a) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AMNH 267681); (b) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); and (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype).	Figure 12. Terminal tips of tails illustrating scales and tail hairs: (a) R. halmaheraensis sp. nov. (AMNH 267681); (b) R. feileri sp. nov. (SNSD 11429 holotype); and (c) R. elaphinus (AMNH 109322 paratype).	2023-12-13	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.		Zenodo	biologists	Fabre, Pierre-Henri;Miguez, Roberto Portela;Holden, Mary Ellen;Fitriana, Yuli S.;Semiadi, Gono;Musser, Guy G.;Helgen, Kristofer M.			
