identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
97A2A6568C3057F1B9231570C31663AA.text	97A2A6568C3057F1B9231570C31663AA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Agrypon caribbaeum (Bland 1984)	<div><p>Agrypon caribbaeum (Bland, 1984)</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was not collected in our survey.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>The genus Agrypon comprises eight species and has a worldwide distribution. Agrypon caribbaeum was described from the Virgin Islands, within the Caribbean subregion of the Neotropics. The species was imported into Florida in 1983 as a potential biocontrol agent against Diaphania hyalinata and D. nitidalis, but was not released (Jansson and Pena 1990).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>The detailed biology of A. caribbaeum is unknown; however, species of Agrypon are known as solitary koinobiont endoparasitoids of larvae of Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera . They are larvo-nymphal parasitoids, females oviposit in mature larvae, and adult emergence occurs during the pupal stage of the host (Barron 1989; Žikić et al. 2022).</p><p>Hosts.</p><p>Agrypon species appear to have relatively broad host range. However, Agrypon caribbaeum was only reared from pupae of the melonworm, D. hyalinata (Bland 1984) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/97A2A6568C3057F1B9231570C31663AA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gumbau, Margot;Marteil, Claire;Groussier, Géraldine;Cruaud, Astrid;Nidelet, Sabine;Warot, Sylvie;Fernandez-Triana, José;Penet, Laurent;Blazy, Jean-Marc;Rasplus, Jean-Yves	Gumbau, Margot, Marteil, Claire, Groussier, Géraldine, Cruaud, Astrid, Nidelet, Sabine, Warot, Sylvie, Fernandez-Triana, José, Penet, Laurent, Blazy, Jean-Marc, Rasplus, Jean-Yves (2026): A synopsis of neotropical parasitoid wasps of Diaphania hyalinata (Lepidoptera, Crambidae), with new records from Guadeloupe. ZooKeys 1286: 293-336, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1286.189299
F70C9FB7E6E85450877145FFFADDFA58.text	F70C9FB7E6E85450877145FFFADDFA58.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alabagrus texanus (Cresson 1872)	<div><p>Alabagrus texanus (Cresson, 1872)</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was not collected in our survey.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>The species occurs in the Nearctic and Neotropical regions, USA (from Eastern to Nebraska and south to Florida) and in Mexico.</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Members of the genus Alabagrus are solitary parasitoids of the larvae of Lepidoptera that live in concealed habitats, such as within stems or rolled leaves (Sharkey 1988). The known host range of A. texanus indicates that the species is polyphagous, but is exclusively associated with leaf-rolling Crambidae . Although the biology of Alabagrus is unknown for most species, the early instar larva is known to possess a caudal process and pseudopodia. Initially, the larva develops as an endoparasitoid and grows slowly, it then undergoes a period of rapid development and transitions to external feeding (Hummelen 1974). The larva eventually spins a cocoon; A. texanus typically waits for its host to spin its cocoon before producing one itself.</p><p>Hosts.</p><p>Only ~ 10 species of Alabagrus have known hosts. In addition to Diaphania hyalinata, A. texanus also parasitize several Crambidae species, Microthyris anormalis (Guenée), Herpetogramma theseusalis (Walker, 1869), Pantographa limata (Grote &amp; Robinson, 1867), Rhectocraspeda periusalis (Walker, 1859), Pilocrocis ramentalis (Lederer, 1863), Patania silicalis (Guenée, 1854) and Salbia haemorrhoidalis (Guenée, 1854) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F70C9FB7E6E85450877145FFFADDFA58	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gumbau, Margot;Marteil, Claire;Groussier, Géraldine;Cruaud, Astrid;Nidelet, Sabine;Warot, Sylvie;Fernandez-Triana, José;Penet, Laurent;Blazy, Jean-Marc;Rasplus, Jean-Yves	Gumbau, Margot, Marteil, Claire, Groussier, Géraldine, Cruaud, Astrid, Nidelet, Sabine, Warot, Sylvie, Fernandez-Triana, José, Penet, Laurent, Blazy, Jean-Marc, Rasplus, Jean-Yves (2026): A synopsis of neotropical parasitoid wasps of Diaphania hyalinata (Lepidoptera, Crambidae), with new records from Guadeloupe. ZooKeys 1286: 293-336, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1286.189299
730B59086FC053AA859D2F300582A5C9.text	730B59086FC053AA859D2F300582A5C9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apanteles impiger Muesebeck 1958	<div><p>Apanteles impiger Muesebeck, 1958</p><p>Fig. 7</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was collected in our survey. It is cited here for the first time from Guadeloupe.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Guadeloupe • 2 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.657166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.203667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.657166/lat 16.203667)">Petit–Bourg, INRAE experimental station</a>; 16°12.22'N, 61°39.43'W; 27 Aug 2024; M. Gumbau leg.; reared from field-collected larvae of Diaphania hyalinata on cucumber; (CBGP MGUM 0423_0101, MGUM 0424_0101); NCBI accessions PZ 362382 – PZ 362383 .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Cuba and Puerto Rico (Muesebeck 1958). Cave (1995) and Rodríguez and Flores (2007) cited the species from Honduras and Nicaragua, respectively, but the correct identification of the wasps cannot be confirmed and remains doubtful.</p><p>Biology.</p><p>The species is a solitary koinobiont endoparasitoid of Diaphania hyalinata in both countries (Muesebeck 1958). As in documented Apanteles, the female oviposits in early instars of the host larva. Upon completing its development, the parasitoid larva emerges from the fourth or fifth instar of the host. After emergence, the larva spins a white cocoon in which it pupates. The adult emerges approximately six or seven days later (Rodríguez and Flores 2007).</p><p>Hosts.</p><p>Only associated with D. hyalinata ( Crambidae).</p><p>Comment.</p><p>An unidentified species of Apanteles was cited from D. hyalinata L. in Cuba by Thompson (1953).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/730B59086FC053AA859D2F300582A5C9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gumbau, Margot;Marteil, Claire;Groussier, Géraldine;Cruaud, Astrid;Nidelet, Sabine;Warot, Sylvie;Fernandez-Triana, José;Penet, Laurent;Blazy, Jean-Marc;Rasplus, Jean-Yves	Gumbau, Margot, Marteil, Claire, Groussier, Géraldine, Cruaud, Astrid, Nidelet, Sabine, Warot, Sylvie, Fernandez-Triana, José, Penet, Laurent, Blazy, Jean-Marc, Rasplus, Jean-Yves (2026): A synopsis of neotropical parasitoid wasps of Diaphania hyalinata (Lepidoptera, Crambidae), with new records from Guadeloupe. ZooKeys 1286: 293-336, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1286.189299
325055ACC282587D9C6FF87CC67D0B9F.text	325055ACC282587D9C6FF87CC67D0B9F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aphanogmus fijiensis (Ferriere 1933)	<div><p>Aphanogmus fijiensis (Ferrière, 1933)</p><p>Fig. 2</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was collected in our survey. It is cited here for the first time from Guadeloupe, and it is also the first citation of its association with Diaphania hyalinata and, likely, Apanteles impiger .</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Guadeloupe • 2 specimens; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.657166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.203667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.657166/lat 16.203667)">Petit–Bourg, INRAE experimental station</a>; 16°12.22'N, 61°39.43'W; 27 Aug 2024; M. Gumbau leg.; reared from field-collected larvae of Diaphania hyalinata on cucumber; 1 ♀ analyzed and preserved as voucher (CBGP MGUM 0419_0101); NCBI accession PZ 362390; other specimens stored in CBGP Cryobox MG-MD-DBF-2024 # 2 .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>The species is pantropical and appears to have been introduced in the Neotropics and in Africa with programs of biological control. It is difficult to ascertain the original area of this species, which is known from Australia, India, Fiji, Malaysia, Mauritius, Pakistan, Solomons Islands and Sri Lanka. The species is also reported from Africa without details (Polaszek et al. 1994), cited from Tanzania from where it originated, the population imported in Mauritius (Dessart 1971), and cited from Madagascar (Madl 2015). In the Caribbean region it has been reported from Barbados, Martinique, Saint Vincent and Trinidad (identified by Delvare and Boucek in Cochereau 1991).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Aphanogmus fijiensis is a gregarious secondary endoparasitoid (hyperparasitoid) of primary parasitoids of Lepidoptera larvae and pupae. Females oviposit in the cocoons of their hosts ( Braconidae or others) and the ecotoparasitoid larva passes through three instars. The complete life cycle of A. fijiensis takes ~ 13–15 days (Peter and David 1990).</p><p>Hosts.</p><p>Aphanogmus fijiensis parasitizes a wide range of primary parasitoids, mostly Braconidae belonging to the diverse genera Apanteles, Cotesia and Dolichogenidea . It also develops within cocoons of Gonozius sensorius Gorth ( Bethylidae) (Peter and David 1991). This species (under the name Calliceras fijiensis) was originally described as a hyperparasitoid of Tirathaba sp. ( Pyralidae) through Apanteles tirathabae Wilkinson, 1928 (Ferrière 1933).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/325055ACC282587D9C6FF87CC67D0B9F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gumbau, Margot;Marteil, Claire;Groussier, Géraldine;Cruaud, Astrid;Nidelet, Sabine;Warot, Sylvie;Fernandez-Triana, José;Penet, Laurent;Blazy, Jean-Marc;Rasplus, Jean-Yves	Gumbau, Margot, Marteil, Claire, Groussier, Géraldine, Cruaud, Astrid, Nidelet, Sabine, Warot, Sylvie, Fernandez-Triana, José, Penet, Laurent, Blazy, Jean-Marc, Rasplus, Jean-Yves (2026): A synopsis of neotropical parasitoid wasps of Diaphania hyalinata (Lepidoptera, Crambidae), with new records from Guadeloupe. ZooKeys 1286: 293-336, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1286.189299
DD90CB97269150B8B5DD5D38137E9F9A.text	DD90CB97269150B8B5DD5D38137E9F9A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Brachymeria flavipes (Fabricius 1793)	<div><p>Brachymeria flavipes (Fabricius, 1793)</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was not collected in our survey.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Brachymeria flavipes mostly occurs in the Caribbean subregion of the Neotropics: British Virgin Islands, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Florida, Jamaica, Mexico, Puerto Rico.</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Brachymeria flavipes (under the name B. robusta) is an endoparasitoid idiobiont of Lepidoptera pupae (Burks 1960). This polyphagous species has a rather low prevalence on their host (~ 10 %) but can reach 60 % parasitism rate in certain conditions (Cassani 1985).</p><p>Hosts.</p><p>Brachymeria flavipes is highly polyphagous attacking several pests such as Alabama argillacea (Hübner, 1823), the cotton leafworm; Lymire edwardsii (Grote, 1881), the rubber tree caterpillar; Mocis latipes (Guenée, 1852), the striped grass looper ( Erebidae); Helicoverpa zea (Boddie, 1850) and Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) (both Noctuidae); Oiketicus kirbyi (Guilding, 1827), the Argentine bagworm, a key pest of avocado ( Psychidae) but also on other lepidoptera families Hyles lineata (Fabricius, 1775) ( Sphingidae); Megalopyge krugii (Dewitz, 1897) ( Megalopygidae); Neonympha sp. ( Nymphalidae) and Papilio cresphontes (Cramer, 1777) ( Papilionidae). The species was considered a primary parasitoid of D. hyalinata by De Santis (1989).</p><p>Comment.</p><p>This species was recognized as Brachymeria robusta (Cresson, 1865) in Burks (1960) and was frequently misinterpreted in the last century (Bouček and Delvare 1992 a). Therefore, some of the host associations cited in the literature may be wrong and need to be confirmed.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD90CB97269150B8B5DD5D38137E9F9A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gumbau, Margot;Marteil, Claire;Groussier, Géraldine;Cruaud, Astrid;Nidelet, Sabine;Warot, Sylvie;Fernandez-Triana, José;Penet, Laurent;Blazy, Jean-Marc;Rasplus, Jean-Yves	Gumbau, Margot, Marteil, Claire, Groussier, Géraldine, Cruaud, Astrid, Nidelet, Sabine, Warot, Sylvie, Fernandez-Triana, José, Penet, Laurent, Blazy, Jean-Marc, Rasplus, Jean-Yves (2026): A synopsis of neotropical parasitoid wasps of Diaphania hyalinata (Lepidoptera, Crambidae), with new records from Guadeloupe. ZooKeys 1286: 293-336, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1286.189299
1F10FACAAF72544CB2262BE9AE19B0EE.text	1F10FACAAF72544CB2262BE9AE19B0EE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Brachymeria mnestor (Walker 1841)	<div><p>Brachymeria mnestor (Walker, 1841)</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was not collected in our survey.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Widely distributed in the Neotropics, Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador, Uruguay, Peru (UCD Community 2023).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Brachymeria mnestor is mostly a solitary idiobiont and pupal parasitoid of Lepidoptera (Gil-Santana and Tavares 2006) .</p><p>Hosts.</p><p>Brachymeria mnestor is a common species, frequently reared from several species of lepidopteran pupae in the families Crambidae, Ctenuchidae, Hesperiidae, Noctuidae, Pieridae (UCD Community 2023) but also Papilionidae such as Parides ascanius (Cramer, 1775) (Tavares et al. 2006) and Nymphalidae ( Actinote parapheles Jordan, 1913) (Gil-Santana and Tavares 2006). The species was reared from D. hyalinata (Linnaeus) which is a primary host of Brachymeria mnestor (= B. comitator) (De Santis 1979). Brachymeria mnestor can also develop as a facultative hyperparasitoid of tachinid flies that primary parasitize Lepidoptera (Tavares et al. 2013) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1F10FACAAF72544CB2262BE9AE19B0EE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gumbau, Margot;Marteil, Claire;Groussier, Géraldine;Cruaud, Astrid;Nidelet, Sabine;Warot, Sylvie;Fernandez-Triana, José;Penet, Laurent;Blazy, Jean-Marc;Rasplus, Jean-Yves	Gumbau, Margot, Marteil, Claire, Groussier, Géraldine, Cruaud, Astrid, Nidelet, Sabine, Warot, Sylvie, Fernandez-Triana, José, Penet, Laurent, Blazy, Jean-Marc, Rasplus, Jean-Yves (2026): A synopsis of neotropical parasitoid wasps of Diaphania hyalinata (Lepidoptera, Crambidae), with new records from Guadeloupe. ZooKeys 1286: 293-336, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1286.189299
BB4A6DB9FFE35D0BA707F83FEB956691.text	BB4A6DB9FFE35D0BA707F83FEB956691.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Brachymeria ovata (Say 1824)	<div><p>Brachymeria ovata (Say, 1824)</p><p>Fig. 3</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was collected in our survey. It is cited here for the first time from Guadeloupe.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Guadeloupe • 2 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.657166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.203667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.657166/lat 16.203667)">Petit–Bourg, INRAE experimental station</a>; 16°12.22'N, 61°39.43'W; 27 Aug 2024; M. Gumbau leg.; reared from field-collected larvae of Diaphania hyalinata on cucumber; (CBGP MGUM 0426_0101, MGUM 0431_0101) • 1 specimen; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.512333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.2805" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.512333/lat 16.2805)">Abymes, commercial market garden farm</a>; 16°16.83'N, 61°30.74'W; 6 Sept 2024; M. Gumbau leg.; reared from field-collected larvae of Diaphania hyalinata on cucumber; specimens stored in CBGP Cryobox MG-AG 24-JF .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>The species is widespread in the Neotropics and Nearctic, from Canada to Uruguay through meso-America and the Caribbean subregion (Cuba, Grenadines, Puerto Rico, St. Kitts and Nevis).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Brachymeria ovata is a solitary larval parasitoid of Lepidoptera . No information is currently available on the larval morphology, duration of development or number of larval instars. Burks (1960) observed that B. ovata larvae do not consume the entire contents of the host and uneaten host tissues remain in the pupa after the adult parasitoid has emerged. Females of Brachymeria ovata spend a considerable amount of time examining freshly formed pupae before oviposition (Burks 1960).</p><p>Hosts.</p><p>The species is highly polyphagous with ~ 100 host species belonging to ≥ 14 families. Brachymeria ovata oviposited and developed in pupae of Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), the soybean looper moth; Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), the cabbage looper; Heliothis zea (Boddie), the corn earworm; Chloridea virescens (F.), the tobacco budworm; Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), the beet armyworm; Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), the fall armyworm (all Lepidoptera: Noctuidae of economic importance) and Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner), the velvetbean caterpillar ( Erebidae). Brachymeria ovata was first cited from Paraguay associated with Diaphania hyalinata (Parker et al., 1953) and then in several other neotropical countries (Peck 1963; Herting 1975). The species can also be an hyperparasitoid on Eupelmidae (De Santis 1967) . Brachymeria ovata has been considered as a candidate for biological control against several lepidopteran pest species (Rogers and Sullivan 1991).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BB4A6DB9FFE35D0BA707F83FEB956691	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gumbau, Margot;Marteil, Claire;Groussier, Géraldine;Cruaud, Astrid;Nidelet, Sabine;Warot, Sylvie;Fernandez-Triana, José;Penet, Laurent;Blazy, Jean-Marc;Rasplus, Jean-Yves	Gumbau, Margot, Marteil, Claire, Groussier, Géraldine, Cruaud, Astrid, Nidelet, Sabine, Warot, Sylvie, Fernandez-Triana, José, Penet, Laurent, Blazy, Jean-Marc, Rasplus, Jean-Yves (2026): A synopsis of neotropical parasitoid wasps of Diaphania hyalinata (Lepidoptera, Crambidae), with new records from Guadeloupe. ZooKeys 1286: 293-336, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1286.189299
68DAF9B4964452F0A2503625DE96AAA8.text	68DAF9B4964452F0A2503625DE96AAA8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Casinaria infesta (Cresson 1872)	<div><p>Casinaria infesta (Cresson, 1872)</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was not collected in our survey.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Casinaria Holmgren, 1859 is a relatively diverse genus of Campopleginae, comprising ~ 135 species. It has a cosmopolitan distribution, but occurs mostly across the Holarctic region. Casinaria infesta is recorded in the USA ( Alabama, Kansas, Texas, Florida to Maryland) and has also been introduced to Hawaii (Reimer and Beardsley 1986).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Casinaria infesta is a koinobiont, a solitary endoparasitoid associated with the larval stages of a restricted set of Lepidoptera . This biology may confer a relatively restricted range of hosts to Casinaria species.</p><p>Hosts.</p><p>In addition to Diaphania hyalinata, reported as a host in Florida (Pena et al. 1987), the species also parasitizes various Crambidae species including the polyphagous Udea rubigalis (Guenée, 1854), commonly known as the celery leaftier; Loxomorpha flavidissimalis (Grote, 1878), the “ Opuntia webworm ” used in biological control against Opuntia cacti (Kaufman and Wright 2011), and Spoladea recurvalis (Fabricius, 1775), the beet webworm, a widespread pest of spinach and other crops (Kaufman and Wright 2011).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/68DAF9B4964452F0A2503625DE96AAA8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gumbau, Margot;Marteil, Claire;Groussier, Géraldine;Cruaud, Astrid;Nidelet, Sabine;Warot, Sylvie;Fernandez-Triana, José;Penet, Laurent;Blazy, Jean-Marc;Rasplus, Jean-Yves	Gumbau, Margot, Marteil, Claire, Groussier, Géraldine, Cruaud, Astrid, Nidelet, Sabine, Warot, Sylvie, Fernandez-Triana, José, Penet, Laurent, Blazy, Jean-Marc, Rasplus, Jean-Yves (2026): A synopsis of neotropical parasitoid wasps of Diaphania hyalinata (Lepidoptera, Crambidae), with new records from Guadeloupe. ZooKeys 1286: 293-336, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1286.189299
7340B07E96D85FF9AAE43CDDF71B5265.text	7340B07E96D85FF9AAE43CDDF71B5265.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chelonus busckiella (Viereck 1912)	<div><p>Chelonus busckiella (Viereck, 1912)</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was not collected in our survey.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>The species was originally described from Montserrat (Viereck 1912) but has also been reported from Brazil and Mexico (González-Hernández 2004).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>The biology of this species is still unknown, but Chelonus species are solitary koinobiont egg-larval endoparasitoids of concealed Lepidoptera .</p><p>Hosts.</p><p>Although information on C. busckiella is limited, available data suggest that its host range is restricted to Crambidae, including species of Diaphania . In Brazil, the species parasitizes Loxomorpha cambogialis (Guenée, 1854) (Costa Lima 1962) ( Crambidae). Chelonus busckiella was collected in Colombia and later introduced into Florida by J. L. Capinera for biological control against Diaphania hyalinata and D. nitidalis (Frank and McCoy 1993) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7340B07E96D85FF9AAE43CDDF71B5265	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gumbau, Margot;Marteil, Claire;Groussier, Géraldine;Cruaud, Astrid;Nidelet, Sabine;Warot, Sylvie;Fernandez-Triana, José;Penet, Laurent;Blazy, Jean-Marc;Rasplus, Jean-Yves	Gumbau, Margot, Marteil, Claire, Groussier, Géraldine, Cruaud, Astrid, Nidelet, Sabine, Warot, Sylvie, Fernandez-Triana, José, Penet, Laurent, Blazy, Jean-Marc, Rasplus, Jean-Yves (2026): A synopsis of neotropical parasitoid wasps of Diaphania hyalinata (Lepidoptera, Crambidae), with new records from Guadeloupe. ZooKeys 1286: 293-336, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1286.189299
A596D077FF165EC2AEBA5C875B1AB1BE.text	A596D077FF165EC2AEBA5C875B1AB1BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chelonus junkoshimurae (Sharkey 2021)	<div><p>Chelonus junkoshimurae (Sharkey, 2021)</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was not collected in our survey.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Only known from Costa Rica.</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Biology unknown, the species could also be a solitary koinobiont egg-larval endoparasitoid.</p><p>Hosts.</p><p>Chelonus junkoshimurae has only been reared from Diaphania hyalinata feeding on Gurania makoyana ( Cucurbitaceae) (Sharkey et al. 2021).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A596D077FF165EC2AEBA5C875B1AB1BE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gumbau, Margot;Marteil, Claire;Groussier, Géraldine;Cruaud, Astrid;Nidelet, Sabine;Warot, Sylvie;Fernandez-Triana, José;Penet, Laurent;Blazy, Jean-Marc;Rasplus, Jean-Yves	Gumbau, Margot, Marteil, Claire, Groussier, Géraldine, Cruaud, Astrid, Nidelet, Sabine, Warot, Sylvie, Fernandez-Triana, José, Penet, Laurent, Blazy, Jean-Marc, Rasplus, Jean-Yves (2026): A synopsis of neotropical parasitoid wasps of Diaphania hyalinata (Lepidoptera, Crambidae), with new records from Guadeloupe. ZooKeys 1286: 293-336, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1286.189299
8F6F9C34477F56BABC5C909AB047861C.text	8F6F9C34477F56BABC5C909AB047861C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conura ferruginea (Fabricius 1804)	<div><p>Conura ferruginea (Fabricius, 1804)</p><p>Fig. 4</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was collected in our survey. It is cited here for the first time from Guadeloupe.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Guadeloupe • 2 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.657166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.203667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.657166/lat 16.203667)">Petit–Bourg, INRAE experimental station</a>; 16°12.22'N, 61°39.43'W; 27 Aug 2024; M. Gumbau leg.; reared from field-collected larvae of Diaphania hyalinata on cucumber; (CBGP MGUM 0425_0101, MGUM 0427_0101); NCBI accessions PZ 362391 – PZ 362392 . • 4 specimens; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.512333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.2805" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.512333/lat 16.2805)">Abymes, commercial market garden farm</a>; 16°16.83'N, 61°30.74'W; 6 Sept 2024; M. Gumbau leg.; reared from field-collected larvae of Diaphania hyalinata on cucumber; specimens stored in CBGP Cryobox MG-AG 24-JF . • 1 specimen; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.602333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.230333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.602333/lat 16.230333)">Petit-Bourg, commercial market garden farm</a>; 16°13.82'N, 61°36.14'W; 27 Sept 2024; M. Gumbau leg.; reared from field-collected larvae of Diaphania hyalinata on cucumber; specimens stored in CBGP Cryobox MG-AG 24-SM .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>The species is widespread in the Neotropical region, occurring in Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guyana, and is also present in the Caribbean subregion (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Very little is known about the biology of Conura ferruginea, and the species have rarely been reared. It is possibly a primary endoparasitoid of Lepidoptera pupae, potentially acting as a facultative hyperparasitoid.</p><p>Hosts.</p><p>The species (previously named Spilochalcis fulvescens) was obtained from pupae of D. hyalinata in Cuba (Thompson 1955; De Santis 1979). Myers (1931) stated that C. ferruginea emerged from Diaphania, but later, he found that there was a species of Tachinidae attacking the pupa of Diaphania as a primary host (Myers 1932).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8F6F9C34477F56BABC5C909AB047861C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gumbau, Margot;Marteil, Claire;Groussier, Géraldine;Cruaud, Astrid;Nidelet, Sabine;Warot, Sylvie;Fernandez-Triana, José;Penet, Laurent;Blazy, Jean-Marc;Rasplus, Jean-Yves	Gumbau, Margot, Marteil, Claire, Groussier, Géraldine, Cruaud, Astrid, Nidelet, Sabine, Warot, Sylvie, Fernandez-Triana, José, Penet, Laurent, Blazy, Jean-Marc, Rasplus, Jean-Yves (2026): A synopsis of neotropical parasitoid wasps of Diaphania hyalinata (Lepidoptera, Crambidae), with new records from Guadeloupe. ZooKeys 1286: 293-336, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1286.189299
DE3261B60FF0573EA30E06CA46BB20B6.text	DE3261B60FF0573EA30E06CA46BB20B6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conura hirtifemora (Ashmead 1885)	<div><p>Conura hirtifemora (Ashmead, 1885)</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was not collected in our survey.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>The species is widespread throughout the neotropics, ranging from Alaska to southern Brazil, and is also present in the Caribbean subregion (Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Leeward islands, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Conura hirtifemora is an idiobiont endoparasitoid of Lepidoptera and Diptera pupae, and may preferentially act as a facultative hyperparasitoid of their primary parasitoids. Nothing is known on its life-cycle or larval morphology (Maes 1999).</p><p>Hosts.</p><p>The species parasitizes various small Lepidoptera species but is frequently reared from syrphid larvae ( Diptera), including those of Mesogramma, Mesograpta, Platychirus and Toxomerus . Conura hirtifemora is also a commonly encountered as a facultative hyperparasitoid via braconids ( Apanteles) or Ichneumonids ( Diadegma). Conura hirtifemora has been reared from Diaphania hyalinata (De Santis 1979) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DE3261B60FF0573EA30E06CA46BB20B6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gumbau, Margot;Marteil, Claire;Groussier, Géraldine;Cruaud, Astrid;Nidelet, Sabine;Warot, Sylvie;Fernandez-Triana, José;Penet, Laurent;Blazy, Jean-Marc;Rasplus, Jean-Yves	Gumbau, Margot, Marteil, Claire, Groussier, Géraldine, Cruaud, Astrid, Nidelet, Sabine, Warot, Sylvie, Fernandez-Triana, José, Penet, Laurent, Blazy, Jean-Marc, Rasplus, Jean-Yves (2026): A synopsis of neotropical parasitoid wasps of Diaphania hyalinata (Lepidoptera, Crambidae), with new records from Guadeloupe. ZooKeys 1286: 293-336, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1286.189299
E8AAADA6E2E15D8EADFBAC6BB488D6F4.text	E8AAADA6E2E15D8EADFBAC6BB488D6F4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conura immaculata (Cresson 1865)	<div><p>Conura immaculata (Cresson, 1865)</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was not collected in our survey</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Conura immaculata is widely distributed in the Neotropics occurring from southern USA and Mexico to Brazil and Paraguay. The species is also present in the Caribbean subregion (Cuba, Dominican Republic, Trinidad and Tobago).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>The species is an idiobiont endoparasitoid of Lepidoptera larvae and pupae, but is often a facultative hyperparasitoid (Bouček and Delvare 1992 a). The species displays strong size variation depending on the size of its host. When reared from larger hosts, such as Lepidoptera or ichneumonids, both males and females emerge and are relatively large. Conversely, parasitism of smaller hosts, including primary parasitoids such as braconids ( Cotesia), results in the emergence of small males, with rare females. Host size also influences the sculpture of the mesoscutum and the relative length of scape compared to the flagellum.</p><p>Hosts.</p><p>The species is mostly a parasitoid of Lepidoptera attacking a wide range of species across multiple families ( Dalceridae, Depressariidae, Hesperiidae, Limacodidae, Noctuidae, Nymphalidae, Oecophoridae, Crambidae, Tineidae). However, it is often found as a facultative hyperparasitoid through Braconidae ( Apanteles, Cotesia, Meteorus) and Ichneumonidae ( Campoletis, Casinaria). Conura immaculata has been reared from Diaphania hyalinata in the Dominican Republic (De Santis 1989). As such, the species holds potential economic value as a biological control agent.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E8AAADA6E2E15D8EADFBAC6BB488D6F4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gumbau, Margot;Marteil, Claire;Groussier, Géraldine;Cruaud, Astrid;Nidelet, Sabine;Warot, Sylvie;Fernandez-Triana, José;Penet, Laurent;Blazy, Jean-Marc;Rasplus, Jean-Yves	Gumbau, Margot, Marteil, Claire, Groussier, Géraldine, Cruaud, Astrid, Nidelet, Sabine, Warot, Sylvie, Fernandez-Triana, José, Penet, Laurent, Blazy, Jean-Marc, Rasplus, Jean-Yves (2026): A synopsis of neotropical parasitoid wasps of Diaphania hyalinata (Lepidoptera, Crambidae), with new records from Guadeloupe. ZooKeys 1286: 293-336, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1286.189299
10E0092B3155542ABCDE9C82DB05FC07.text	10E0092B3155542ABCDE9C82DB05FC07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conura side (Walker 1843)	<div><p>Conura side (Walker, 1843)</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was not collected in our survey.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>The species is common and widespread in the Nearctic region and in the Mesoamerican subregion. In the Caribbean subregion, the species is reported from Cuba and the Dominican Republic.</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Conura side is an idiobiont endoparasitoid of Lepidoptera pupae. Females mate after a short nuptial courtship, oviposition occurs 6–8 days after copulation and 1– 4 eggs are laid in each host, but only one individual emerges. Adults emerge from 20–25 days after oviposition at ~ 22 ° C, and they live up to five months. Schaffner (1959) observed that S. side had at least two generations per year (Arthur 1958; McNeil and Rabb 1973).</p><p>Hosts.</p><p>Conura side is also a polyphagous species associated with&gt; 50 species of Lepidoptera, several of which are notable pests, and belonging to ~ 20 families (McNeil and Rabb 1973; UCD Community 2023). The species has been cited (under the name Spilochalcis flavopicta) as a parasitoid of D. hyalinata in Dominican Republica and Argentina (De Santis 1989). The species also parasitizes Diptera ( Agromyzidae) and Coleoptera (mostly Curculionidae and Chrysomelidae). Conura side has been released for biological control of Cassida rubiginosa Muller, a chrysomelid considered an invasive pest and defoliator of some Carduus species (Tipping 1993). The species is also frequently cited as a facultative hyperparasitoid on Braconidae ( Apanteles, Meteorus) and Ichneumonidae ( Campoletis and Diadegma), among others (Herting 1975; Lee and Heimpel 2005).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/10E0092B3155542ABCDE9C82DB05FC07	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gumbau, Margot;Marteil, Claire;Groussier, Géraldine;Cruaud, Astrid;Nidelet, Sabine;Warot, Sylvie;Fernandez-Triana, José;Penet, Laurent;Blazy, Jean-Marc;Rasplus, Jean-Yves	Gumbau, Margot, Marteil, Claire, Groussier, Géraldine, Cruaud, Astrid, Nidelet, Sabine, Warot, Sylvie, Fernandez-Triana, José, Penet, Laurent, Blazy, Jean-Marc, Rasplus, Jean-Yves (2026): A synopsis of neotropical parasitoid wasps of Diaphania hyalinata (Lepidoptera, Crambidae), with new records from Guadeloupe. ZooKeys 1286: 293-336, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1286.189299
A64E6F49FA9A568BB43B75519B0E4E4E.text	A64E6F49FA9A568BB43B75519B0E4E4E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diadegma pattoni (Ashmead 1890)	<div><p>Diadegma pattoni (Ashmead, 1890)</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was not collected in our survey.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>The species occurs from the Nearctic region to the Mesoamerican subregion, from the Great Lakes to Florida, Costa Rica, and Panama. It was introduced in Hawaii either accidentally or purposely for control of lepidopterous pests (Beardsley 1977).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Like many other species of Diadegma associated with lepidopteran larvae, this species may probably be a koinobiont solitary endoparasitoid (Pourian et al. 2015).</p><p>Hosts.</p><p>The species is known to be a generalist parasitoid, parasitizing the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea (Boddie, 1850) ( Noctuidae) (Maes 1999), the garden webworm ( Achyra rantalis (Guenée, 1874) ( Crambidae) (Capinera 2001). The species was obtained from the larvae of Diaphania hyalinata Linnaeus ( Lepidoptera, Crambidae) (Yu et al. 2016).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A64E6F49FA9A568BB43B75519B0E4E4E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gumbau, Margot;Marteil, Claire;Groussier, Géraldine;Cruaud, Astrid;Nidelet, Sabine;Warot, Sylvie;Fernandez-Triana, José;Penet, Laurent;Blazy, Jean-Marc;Rasplus, Jean-Yves	Gumbau, Margot, Marteil, Claire, Groussier, Géraldine, Cruaud, Astrid, Nidelet, Sabine, Warot, Sylvie, Fernandez-Triana, José, Penet, Laurent, Blazy, Jean-Marc, Rasplus, Jean-Yves (2026): A synopsis of neotropical parasitoid wasps of Diaphania hyalinata (Lepidoptera, Crambidae), with new records from Guadeloupe. ZooKeys 1286: 293-336, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1286.189299
B6788E310CA05A0DA7A1F5E4A4E7E5CF.text	B6788E310CA05A0DA7A1F5E4A4E7E5CF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eiphosoma dentator (Fabricius 1804)	<div><p>Eiphosoma dentator (Fabricius, 1804)</p><p>Fig. 9</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was collected in our survey. It is cited here for the first time from Guadeloupe.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Guadeloupe • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.657166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.203667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.657166/lat 16.203667)">Petit–Bourg, INRAE experimental station</a>; 16°12.22'N, 61°39.43'W; 6 Dec 2023; M. Gumbau leg.; reared from field-collected larvae of Diaphania hyalinata on cucumber; (ISA 37449_D 2); NCBI accession PZ 362384 . • 8 specimens; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.512333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.2805" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.512333/lat 16.2805)">Abymes, commercial market garden farm</a>; 16°16.83'N, 61°30.74'W; 6 Sept 2024; M. Gumbau leg.; reared from field-collected larvae of Diaphania hyalinata on cucumber; specimens stored in CBGP Cryobox MG-AG 24-JF . • 6 specimens; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.602333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.230333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.602333/lat 16.230333)">Petit-Bourg, commercial market garden farm</a>; 16°13.82'N, 61°36.14'W; 27 Sept 2024; M. Gumbau leg.; reared from field-collected larvae of Diaphania hyalinata on cucumber; specimens stored in CBGP Cryobox MG-AG 24-SM .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Eiphosoma Cresson, 1865 is a neotropical genus of Cremastinae comprising 61 valid species. Eiphosoma dentator occurs from western North America south to Argentina, and from Cuba to other Caribbean islands.</p><p>Biology.</p><p>The species is a solitary endoparasitoid of lepidopteran larvae (Dasch 1979). Like closely relative species, E. dentator may parasitize first and second instar larvae and kills them when they are in their last instar. E. dentator prefers arid habitats and its maximum activity occurs in summer, while most neotropical ichneumonids peak between fall and spring.</p><p>Hosts.</p><p>Eiphosoma dentator mostly parasitizes Crambidae, among them several pests, such as Antigastra catalaunalis (Duponchel, 1833); Loxomorpha flavidissimalis (Grote, 1877), a potential pest in prickly pear crops (Gaona-García et al. 2020); Lineodes interga (Zeller, 1873), the eggplant leafroller moth (Dasch 1979); Maruca vitrata (F., 1787), the maruca pod borer (Muniappan et al. 2012) and was first cited as a parasitoid of D. hyalinata by Alam (1986) in Barbados.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B6788E310CA05A0DA7A1F5E4A4E7E5CF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gumbau, Margot;Marteil, Claire;Groussier, Géraldine;Cruaud, Astrid;Nidelet, Sabine;Warot, Sylvie;Fernandez-Triana, José;Penet, Laurent;Blazy, Jean-Marc;Rasplus, Jean-Yves	Gumbau, Margot, Marteil, Claire, Groussier, Géraldine, Cruaud, Astrid, Nidelet, Sabine, Warot, Sylvie, Fernandez-Triana, José, Penet, Laurent, Blazy, Jean-Marc, Rasplus, Jean-Yves (2026): A synopsis of neotropical parasitoid wasps of Diaphania hyalinata (Lepidoptera, Crambidae), with new records from Guadeloupe. ZooKeys 1286: 293-336, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1286.189299
9887697E1328531C82F0870E6D41BE70.text	9887697E1328531C82F0870E6D41BE70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eiphosoma kelpanum (Gauld 2000)	<div><p>Eiphosoma kelpanum (Gauld, 2000)</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was not collected in our survey.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>The species occurs in the Mesoamerican and Caribbean subregions: Costa Rica, Mexico, Trinidad &amp; Tobago, Venezuela (González – Moreno and Bordera 2011).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>The species is probably a solitary endoparasitoid of lepidopteran larvae, but nothing is known about its biology apart from a single recorded host (Yu et al. 2016).</p><p>Hosts.</p><p>One exemplar was obtained from the larvae of Diaphania hyalinata in Costa Rica (Gauld et al. 2000; Yu et al. 2016).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9887697E1328531C82F0870E6D41BE70	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gumbau, Margot;Marteil, Claire;Groussier, Géraldine;Cruaud, Astrid;Nidelet, Sabine;Warot, Sylvie;Fernandez-Triana, José;Penet, Laurent;Blazy, Jean-Marc;Rasplus, Jean-Yves	Gumbau, Margot, Marteil, Claire, Groussier, Géraldine, Cruaud, Astrid, Nidelet, Sabine, Warot, Sylvie, Fernandez-Triana, José, Penet, Laurent, Blazy, Jean-Marc, Rasplus, Jean-Yves (2026): A synopsis of neotropical parasitoid wasps of Diaphania hyalinata (Lepidoptera, Crambidae), with new records from Guadeloupe. ZooKeys 1286: 293-336, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1286.189299
EF12162E84E3583395827571905E664A.text	EF12162E84E3583395827571905E664A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eiphosoma nigrovittatum (Cresson 1865)	<div><p>Eiphosoma nigrovittatum (Cresson, 1865)</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was not collected in our survey.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>The species is widely distributed in the neotropics, from the USA to Brazil, including Mexico, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Venezuela, and Peru. It has also been reported from the Caribbean subregion (Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Trinidad &amp; Tobago).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>The species is a solitary endoparasitoid of lepidopteran larvae (Dasch 1979).</p><p>Hosts.</p><p>Eiphosoma nigrovittatum is a polyphagous parasitoid mostly parasitizing Crambidae such as Alatuncusia sp., Diaphania indica, D. hyalinata, Herpetogramma bipunctalis (Fabricius, 1794), Lineodes sp., Spoladea recurvalis (Fabricius, 1787) and Symphysa lepidaria (Stoll in Cramer &amp; Stoll, 1781).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EF12162E84E3583395827571905E664A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gumbau, Margot;Marteil, Claire;Groussier, Géraldine;Cruaud, Astrid;Nidelet, Sabine;Warot, Sylvie;Fernandez-Triana, José;Penet, Laurent;Blazy, Jean-Marc;Rasplus, Jean-Yves	Gumbau, Margot, Marteil, Claire, Groussier, Géraldine, Cruaud, Astrid, Nidelet, Sabine, Warot, Sylvie, Fernandez-Triana, José, Penet, Laurent, Blazy, Jean-Marc, Rasplus, Jean-Yves (2026): A synopsis of neotropical parasitoid wasps of Diaphania hyalinata (Lepidoptera, Crambidae), with new records from Guadeloupe. ZooKeys 1286: 293-336, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1286.189299
77B881A276BA54BF823F04BED4D68EA5.text	77B881A276BA54BF823F04BED4D68EA5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eiphosoma oyafusoi (Onody, Melo, Penteado-Dias & Dias-Filho 2009)	<div><p>Eiphosoma oyafusoi (Onody, Melo, Penteado-Dias &amp; Dias-Filho, 2009)</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was not collected in our survey.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Only known from Brazil.</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Unknown, but likely close to the biology of Eiphosoma dentator .</p><p>Hosts.</p><p>One exemplar was obtained from the larvae of Diaphania hyalinata Linnaeus ( Lepidoptera, Crambidae) collected in Eruca sativa Miller organic cultivars (Onody et al. 2009).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/77B881A276BA54BF823F04BED4D68EA5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gumbau, Margot;Marteil, Claire;Groussier, Géraldine;Cruaud, Astrid;Nidelet, Sabine;Warot, Sylvie;Fernandez-Triana, José;Penet, Laurent;Blazy, Jean-Marc;Rasplus, Jean-Yves	Gumbau, Margot, Marteil, Claire, Groussier, Géraldine, Cruaud, Astrid, Nidelet, Sabine, Warot, Sylvie, Fernandez-Triana, José, Penet, Laurent, Blazy, Jean-Marc, Rasplus, Jean-Yves (2026): A synopsis of neotropical parasitoid wasps of Diaphania hyalinata (Lepidoptera, Crambidae), with new records from Guadeloupe. ZooKeys 1286: 293-336, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1286.189299
1E55E56A56F25C0595129A2A67CD778E.text	1E55E56A56F25C0595129A2A67CD778E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gambrus ultimus (Cresson 1864)	<div><p>Gambrus ultimus (Cresson, 1864)</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was not collected in our survey.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Gambrus Förster, 1868 is a small Holarctic genus comprising 36 species, with nine described from the American continent. Gambrus ultimus is distributed across the northeastern USA (e. g., New Hampshire, Pennsylvania) but its range extends westward to Colorado and southward to Mexico in the Mesoamerican subregion.</p><p>Biology.</p><p>The biology of Gambrus species remains poorly known. They appear to be koinobiont endoparasitoids of various moths. Rearing indicates that G. ultimus parasitizes the prepupal or pupal stages of its hosts. The mature larva of G. ultimus exits the host pupa and spins an elongate silken cocoon adjacent to the shriveled remains of the host (Brushwein and Childers 1990).</p><p>Hosts.</p><p>Known hosts encompass species of Crambidae such as D. hyalinata cited in Capinera (2001), as well as Noctuidae and Erebidae . Cassani (1985) reared G. ultimus from pupae of Acronicta insularis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1868) ( Noctuidae). Similarly, Hall (1985) also recovered G. ultimus from pupae of field-collected grassloopers, Mocis latipes Guenée, 1852 ( Erebidae) and Brushwein and Childers (1990) obtained the wasp from Selenisa sueroides Guenée, 1852 ( Erebidae). The species have also been cited as a parasitoid of Hypera sp. ( Curculionidae) (Puttler et al. 1973).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E55E56A56F25C0595129A2A67CD778E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gumbau, Margot;Marteil, Claire;Groussier, Géraldine;Cruaud, Astrid;Nidelet, Sabine;Warot, Sylvie;Fernandez-Triana, José;Penet, Laurent;Blazy, Jean-Marc;Rasplus, Jean-Yves	Gumbau, Margot, Marteil, Claire, Groussier, Géraldine, Cruaud, Astrid, Nidelet, Sabine, Warot, Sylvie, Fernandez-Triana, José, Penet, Laurent, Blazy, Jean-Marc, Rasplus, Jean-Yves (2026): A synopsis of neotropical parasitoid wasps of Diaphania hyalinata (Lepidoptera, Crambidae), with new records from Guadeloupe. ZooKeys 1286: 293-336, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1286.189299
FDCC1E3FA5BE53028997F3E095CECDE0.text	FDCC1E3FA5BE53028997F3E095CECDE0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypomicrogaster areolaris (Blanchard 1947)	<div><p>Hypomicrogaster areolaris (Blanchard, 1947)</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was not collected in our survey.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>The majority of the 49 species of Hypomicrogaster Ashmead, 1898 occurs in the Neotropics (Fernandez-Triana et al. 2020). Hypomicrogaster areolaris, also cited as H. diaphaniae Muesebeck, 1968, is widespread in the Western Hemisphere from the USA and Mexico to Central America (Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Jamaica, Panama) and South America (Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador, Uruguay).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Hypomicrogaster species are gregarious koindobiont endoparasitoids. The female lays multiple eggs at one time into a single host (Shaw 1995). The gregarious larvae develop internally and, upon emergence, spin their cocoons near the host’s corpse, from which the adults subsequently emerge.</p><p>Hosts.</p><p>Hypomicrogaster areolaris has been reared from D. hyalinata feeding on zucchini plants in Costa Rica as well as from an unidentified Diaphania feeding on Tabernaemontana (= Stemmadenia) robinsonii (Woodson) ( Apocynaceae) (Valerio and Whitfield 2015). The species is also reported to develop in Gelechiidae . In total, species of Hypomicrogaster are associated with ~ 10 different families of Lepidoptera in the Neotropics (Whitfield et al. 2018).</p><p>Comment.</p><p>An unidentified species of Hypomicrogaster was imported from Colombia in 1991 by J. L. Capinera and release against Diaphania hyalinata and D. nitidalis in Florida (Frank and McCoy 1993).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FDCC1E3FA5BE53028997F3E095CECDE0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gumbau, Margot;Marteil, Claire;Groussier, Géraldine;Cruaud, Astrid;Nidelet, Sabine;Warot, Sylvie;Fernandez-Triana, José;Penet, Laurent;Blazy, Jean-Marc;Rasplus, Jean-Yves	Gumbau, Margot, Marteil, Claire, Groussier, Géraldine, Cruaud, Astrid, Nidelet, Sabine, Warot, Sylvie, Fernandez-Triana, José, Penet, Laurent, Blazy, Jean-Marc, Rasplus, Jean-Yves (2026): A synopsis of neotropical parasitoid wasps of Diaphania hyalinata (Lepidoptera, Crambidae), with new records from Guadeloupe. ZooKeys 1286: 293-336, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1286.189299
4D2EA37D68AC5ACD848E62D18EE548F1.text	4D2EA37D68AC5ACD848E62D18EE548F1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Itoplectis conquisitor (Say 1836)	<div><p>Itoplectis conquisitor (Say, 1836)</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was not collected in our survey.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Itoplectis conquisitor is widely distributed throughout the Americas, ranging from Pennsylvania to Florida, and from British Columbia to Central America and Ecuador.</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Species of Itoplectis are solitary idiobiont endoparasitoid wasps. They are synovigenic, producing relatively large, yolk-rich eggs and typically carrying only a few mature eggs at any given time during oviposition periods (Ueno and Ueno 2007). As a result, Itoplectis species, and Pimplinae in general, are host-feeders (Ueno 1999). Development from egg to adult requires ~ 20 days (Townes and Townes 1960). The reported parasitism rate of this species rarely exceeded 1 % (Hudon 1966).</p><p>Hosts.</p><p>As with most idiobiont parasitoids, species of Itoplectis are polyphagous and parasitize a broad range of lepidopteran pupae and prepupae (Ueno and Ueno 2007). Itoplectis species are also parasitoids of Hymenoptera (Tenthredinoidea and Ichneumonoidea), rarely in puparia of Diptera and in pupae of Coleoptera . Itoplectis conquisitor is known to attack nearly any exposed or weakly concealed lepidopteran pupa or prepupa found on trees, shrubs, or herbaceous plants. It has been recorded parasitizing species from numerous Lepidoptera families, including D. hyalinata (Townes and Townes 1960) . This species can also act as a facultative hyperparasitoid, developing at the expense of a primary parasitoid ( Ichneumonidae or Braconidae) and can also serve as host itself. This species attacks almost any exposed or weakly protected lepidopterous pupa or prepupa on trees, shrubs, or herbage.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4D2EA37D68AC5ACD848E62D18EE548F1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gumbau, Margot;Marteil, Claire;Groussier, Géraldine;Cruaud, Astrid;Nidelet, Sabine;Warot, Sylvie;Fernandez-Triana, José;Penet, Laurent;Blazy, Jean-Marc;Rasplus, Jean-Yves	Gumbau, Margot, Marteil, Claire, Groussier, Géraldine, Cruaud, Astrid, Nidelet, Sabine, Warot, Sylvie, Fernandez-Triana, José, Penet, Laurent, Blazy, Jean-Marc, Rasplus, Jean-Yves (2026): A synopsis of neotropical parasitoid wasps of Diaphania hyalinata (Lepidoptera, Crambidae), with new records from Guadeloupe. ZooKeys 1286: 293-336, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1286.189299
29F120250BD45C1DBAA5B3DF1B66D20C.text	29F120250BD45C1DBAA5B3DF1B66D20C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neotheronia bicincta (Cresson 1865)	<div><p>Neotheronia bicincta (Cresson, 1865)</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was not collected in our survey.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>The neotropical genus Neotheronia Krieger, 1899 includes 72 valid species (Yu et al. 2016). Neotheronia bicincta occurs in the southeastern USA, Cuba, and Costa Rica.</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Species of the Neotheronia are primary idiobiont ectoparasitoids of Lepidoptera pupae and prepupae within cocoon. They can also be facultative hyperparasitoids via primary parasitoids belonging to Ichneumonidae or Tachinidae ( Diptera) (Gauld 1991; Gauld et al. 1998). According to Gauld (1991), Neotheronia species are known to parasitize Pimplinae species.</p><p>Hosts.</p><p>The species was obtained from larvae of D. hyalinata in Cuba (Myers 1932).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/29F120250BD45C1DBAA5B3DF1B66D20C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gumbau, Margot;Marteil, Claire;Groussier, Géraldine;Cruaud, Astrid;Nidelet, Sabine;Warot, Sylvie;Fernandez-Triana, José;Penet, Laurent;Blazy, Jean-Marc;Rasplus, Jean-Yves	Gumbau, Margot, Marteil, Claire, Groussier, Géraldine, Cruaud, Astrid, Nidelet, Sabine, Warot, Sylvie, Fernandez-Triana, José, Penet, Laurent, Blazy, Jean-Marc, Rasplus, Jean-Yves (2026): A synopsis of neotropical parasitoid wasps of Diaphania hyalinata (Lepidoptera, Crambidae), with new records from Guadeloupe. ZooKeys 1286: 293-336, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1286.189299
21C7AEE292A95C678E4B700E339232C9.text	21C7AEE292A95C678E4B700E339232C9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Palmistichus elaeisis (Delvare & LaSalle 1993)	<div><p>Palmistichus elaeisis (Delvare &amp; LaSalle, 1993)</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was not collected in our survey.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Widespread in the Neotropics from Costa Rica to Brazil, Colombia, and Ecuador</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Palmistichus elaeisis is a gregarious endoparasitoid, mostly of Lepidoptera pupae. The duration of its life cycle depends on the host species and ranges from 21 days when reared on Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, 1818 ( Erebidae) to 24 days when reared on Bombyx mori (L., 1758) ( Bombycidae), possibly due to differences in nutritional resources between hosts. The number of individuals emerging from a single pupa also varies, from ~ 100 in smaller hosts up to 500 in larger hosts such as Bombyx mori (Pereira et al. 2010) . Palmistichus . elaeisis exhibits superparasitism, particularly self-superparasitism. Increased parasitoid oviposition favored the suppression of the host immune response in melonworm pupae, likely due to the injection of symbiotic viruses, teratocytes, and / or ovarian proteins (de S Pereira et al. 2017).</p><p>Hosts.</p><p>Palmistichus elaeisis is a polyphagous idiobiont parasitoid of pupae of multiple lepidopteran hosts. It can also develop on larvae of Hispoleptis subfasciata (Pic, 1938) ( Chrysomelidae) and Tenebrio molitor L., 1758 (Morais et al. 2019). Although the species has not been found associated with D. hyalinata under field conditions, it has been successfully reared on this host in laboratory (Morais et al. 2019), suggesting potential economic importance as a biocontrol agent against this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/21C7AEE292A95C678E4B700E339232C9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gumbau, Margot;Marteil, Claire;Groussier, Géraldine;Cruaud, Astrid;Nidelet, Sabine;Warot, Sylvie;Fernandez-Triana, José;Penet, Laurent;Blazy, Jean-Marc;Rasplus, Jean-Yves	Gumbau, Margot, Marteil, Claire, Groussier, Géraldine, Cruaud, Astrid, Nidelet, Sabine, Warot, Sylvie, Fernandez-Triana, José, Penet, Laurent, Blazy, Jean-Marc, Rasplus, Jean-Yves (2026): A synopsis of neotropical parasitoid wasps of Diaphania hyalinata (Lepidoptera, Crambidae), with new records from Guadeloupe. ZooKeys 1286: 293-336, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1286.189299
EEA1D6C50C285D4FB7FBCA2416F299B1.text	EEA1D6C50C285D4FB7FBCA2416F299B1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pimpla golbachi (Porter 1970)	<div><p>Pimpla golbachi (Porter, 1970)</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was not collected in our survey.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Pimpla golbachi is widely distributed across South America including Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Paraguay, and Uruguay (Villanueva-Bonilla et al. 2021).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Species of the diverse genus Pimpla (~ 200 species) are idiobiont endoparasitoids, mainly of lepidopteran prepupae or pupae (Ueno 1999; Quicke 2014). Pimpla species are synovigenic, and females that exhibit host-feeding behavior deposit only a few mature eggs in the host larva (Ueno and Ueno 2007). Development from egg to adult takes 20 to 25 days and includes five larval instars (Rojas-Rousse and Benoit 1977).</p><p>Hosts.</p><p>As typical for idiobiont parasitoids, Pimpla species are polyphagous and parasitize a wide range of lepidopteran pupae and prepupae (Ueno and Ueno 2007). Pimpla golbachi has been recorded parasitizing several moth families, including Diaphania hyalinata (De Santis 1980); Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders, 1844), the pink bollworm ( Gelechiidae); Alabama argillacea (Hübner, 1818), the cotton leafworm ( Noctuidae) (Porter 1970); Colias lesbia (Fabricius, 1775), the Lesbia clouded yellow ( Pieridae) (Avalos et al. 2011); Rhyacionia buoliana (Denis &amp; Schiffermüller, 1775), the pine shoot moth (Porter 1970) ( Tortricidae).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EEA1D6C50C285D4FB7FBCA2416F299B1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gumbau, Margot;Marteil, Claire;Groussier, Géraldine;Cruaud, Astrid;Nidelet, Sabine;Warot, Sylvie;Fernandez-Triana, José;Penet, Laurent;Blazy, Jean-Marc;Rasplus, Jean-Yves	Gumbau, Margot, Marteil, Claire, Groussier, Géraldine, Cruaud, Astrid, Nidelet, Sabine, Warot, Sylvie, Fernandez-Triana, José, Penet, Laurent, Blazy, Jean-Marc, Rasplus, Jean-Yves (2026): A synopsis of neotropical parasitoid wasps of Diaphania hyalinata (Lepidoptera, Crambidae), with new records from Guadeloupe. ZooKeys 1286: 293-336, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1286.189299
BBE803C3F76E5F99AC0FE305BCC287A6.text	BBE803C3F76E5F99AC0FE305BCC287A6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pimpla marginella (Brulle 1846)	<div><p>Pimpla marginella (Brullé, 1846)</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was not collected in our survey.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>The species occurs in the Nearctic and Caribbean subregion, from coastal Georgia through Florida (USA) reaching Jamaica and Puerto Rico in the Caribbean Islands.</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Like other species of Pimpla, this species is a solitary idiobiont endoparasitoid of lepidopteran larvae (Myers 1932).</p><p>Hosts.</p><p>Pimpla marginella has been reported to parasitize pupae of Neomusotima conspurcatalis Warren ( Lepidoptera: Crambidae), a biological control agent of Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R. Br. ( Polypodiales: Lygodiaceae) in Florida, but also from D. hyalinata (Myers 1931, 1932).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BBE803C3F76E5F99AC0FE305BCC287A6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gumbau, Margot;Marteil, Claire;Groussier, Géraldine;Cruaud, Astrid;Nidelet, Sabine;Warot, Sylvie;Fernandez-Triana, José;Penet, Laurent;Blazy, Jean-Marc;Rasplus, Jean-Yves	Gumbau, Margot, Marteil, Claire, Groussier, Géraldine, Cruaud, Astrid, Nidelet, Sabine, Warot, Sylvie, Fernandez-Triana, José, Penet, Laurent, Blazy, Jean-Marc, Rasplus, Jean-Yves (2026): A synopsis of neotropical parasitoid wasps of Diaphania hyalinata (Lepidoptera, Crambidae), with new records from Guadeloupe. ZooKeys 1286: 293-336, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1286.189299
72FF4C033D0A52C8ABC0782D7E3F23EE.text	72FF4C033D0A52C8ABC0782D7E3F23EE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polycyrtus giacomellii (Schrottky 1911)	<div><p>Polycyrtus giacomellii (Schrottky, 1911)</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was not collected in our survey.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Polycyrtus Spinola, 1840 is a diverse genus of Ichneumonidae, with ~ 170 species occurring in the Neotropics (Mexico, Peru, Panama, Brazil) (Cushman 1931; Carrasco 1972; Kasparyan and Ruiz-Cancino 2003).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Very little is known on the biology of this species, but it could be a koinobiont endoparasitoids of various moths.</p><p>Hosts.</p><p>Polycyrtus giacomellii has been reared from D. hyalinata in Brazil (De Santis 1980).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/72FF4C033D0A52C8ABC0782D7E3F23EE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gumbau, Margot;Marteil, Claire;Groussier, Géraldine;Cruaud, Astrid;Nidelet, Sabine;Warot, Sylvie;Fernandez-Triana, José;Penet, Laurent;Blazy, Jean-Marc;Rasplus, Jean-Yves	Gumbau, Margot, Marteil, Claire, Groussier, Géraldine, Cruaud, Astrid, Nidelet, Sabine, Warot, Sylvie, Fernandez-Triana, José, Penet, Laurent, Blazy, Jean-Marc, Rasplus, Jean-Yves (2026): A synopsis of neotropical parasitoid wasps of Diaphania hyalinata (Lepidoptera, Crambidae), with new records from Guadeloupe. ZooKeys 1286: 293-336, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1286.189299
6B4A1E399EE055AC980EF937493AD8A0.text	6B4A1E399EE055AC980EF937493AD8A0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polycyrtus lituratus (Brulle 1846)	<div><p>Polycyrtus lituratus (Brullé, 1846)</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was not collected in our survey.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>The species is only known from Cuba and Hispaniola (Cushman 1931; Perez-Gelabert 2008).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Very little is known on the biology of this species, but it could be a koinobiont endoparasitoids of various moths.</p><p>Hosts.</p><p>Polycyrtus semialbus has been reared from D. hyalinata in Cuba (King and Saunders 1984).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6B4A1E399EE055AC980EF937493AD8A0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gumbau, Margot;Marteil, Claire;Groussier, Géraldine;Cruaud, Astrid;Nidelet, Sabine;Warot, Sylvie;Fernandez-Triana, José;Penet, Laurent;Blazy, Jean-Marc;Rasplus, Jean-Yves	Gumbau, Margot, Marteil, Claire, Groussier, Géraldine, Cruaud, Astrid, Nidelet, Sabine, Warot, Sylvie, Fernandez-Triana, José, Penet, Laurent, Blazy, Jean-Marc, Rasplus, Jean-Yves (2026): A synopsis of neotropical parasitoid wasps of Diaphania hyalinata (Lepidoptera, Crambidae), with new records from Guadeloupe. ZooKeys 1286: 293-336, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1286.189299
C97A6A8FB9F054CC845826EFA4F7FB25.text	C97A6A8FB9F054CC845826EFA4F7FB25.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polycyrtus semialbus (Cresson 1865)	<div><p>Polycyrtus semialbus (Cresson, 1865)</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was not collected in our survey.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>The species is only known from Mexico and Cuba (Kasparyan and Ruiz-Cancino 2003).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Very little is known on the biology of this species, but it could be a koinobiont endoparasitoids of various moths.</p><p>Hosts.</p><p>Polycyrtus semialbus has been reared from D. hyalinata in Cuba (King and Saunders 1984).</p><p>Comment.</p><p>An undetermined species of Polycyrtus from Colombia has been imported in 1984 in Florida as a potential biocontrol agent for D. hyalinata and D. nitidalis, but it was never released (Jansson and Pena 1990).</p><p>For completeness, we note a citation of two ichneumonid species associated with Diaphania hyalinata in Argentina (De Santis et al. 2008), which refers to a technical note by Pelicano et al. (1989) that we were unable to find. The species mentioned are Casinaria bonaerensis (Schrottky, 1902) and Parania triannulata (Fabricius) (Anomaloninae) . Similarly, the mention of Spilochalcis diaphaniae (Ashmead) in Jansson and Pena (1990) is problematic as this name does not appear to exist. Conura acragae ( Chalcididae) is listed as a parasitoid of Diaphania hyalinata in Cave (1995), but not in UCD Community (2023). It appears together with Brachymeria ovata (Say), Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson), ltoplectis conquisitor (Say) and Catolaccus aeneoviridis (Girault) . However, several of these identifications are questionable, and we have therefore chosen not to consider these records.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C97A6A8FB9F054CC845826EFA4F7FB25	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gumbau, Margot;Marteil, Claire;Groussier, Géraldine;Cruaud, Astrid;Nidelet, Sabine;Warot, Sylvie;Fernandez-Triana, José;Penet, Laurent;Blazy, Jean-Marc;Rasplus, Jean-Yves	Gumbau, Margot, Marteil, Claire, Groussier, Géraldine, Cruaud, Astrid, Nidelet, Sabine, Warot, Sylvie, Fernandez-Triana, José, Penet, Laurent, Blazy, Jean-Marc, Rasplus, Jean-Yves (2026): A synopsis of neotropical parasitoid wasps of Diaphania hyalinata (Lepidoptera, Crambidae), with new records from Guadeloupe. ZooKeys 1286: 293-336, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1286.189299
35F818F97A5E53FBB49631DE01417DE1.text	35F818F97A5E53FBB49631DE01417DE1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pristomerus spinator (Fabricius 1804)	<div><p>Pristomerus spinator (Fabricius, 1804)</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was not collected in our survey.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Pristomerus spinator is widely distributed in the Western Hemisphere from northern USA to Brazil, including Meso-America (Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>The species is a koinobiont endoparasitoid of Lepidoptera larvae. Female deposit a single egg in a host larva typically at third to fourth instar. Female can produce between 200 and 350 eggs (Domínguez-Jiménez et al. 2000). The development time from egg to adult ranges from 15 to 20 days. The host larva dies at the prepupal stage when the parasitoid larva emerges and spins a whitish or brownish cocoon in which it pupates. Adults are commonly associated with low vegetation (Cave 1995).</p><p>Hosts.</p><p>The species is highly polyphagous and attacks a wide range of Lepidoptera, including several families ( Crambidae, Gelechiidae, Noctuidae, Pieridae, Tortricidae) as well as pests of agriculture ( Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner, 1796, the European corn borer; Helicoverpa armigera Hübner, 1808; Helicoverpa zea Boddie, 1850 and Spodoptera frugiperda Smith, 1797). The species was cited from D. hyalinata by Capinera (2001) in Florida.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/35F818F97A5E53FBB49631DE01417DE1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gumbau, Margot;Marteil, Claire;Groussier, Géraldine;Cruaud, Astrid;Nidelet, Sabine;Warot, Sylvie;Fernandez-Triana, José;Penet, Laurent;Blazy, Jean-Marc;Rasplus, Jean-Yves	Gumbau, Margot, Marteil, Claire, Groussier, Géraldine, Cruaud, Astrid, Nidelet, Sabine, Warot, Sylvie, Fernandez-Triana, José, Penet, Laurent, Blazy, Jean-Marc, Rasplus, Jean-Yves (2026): A synopsis of neotropical parasitoid wasps of Diaphania hyalinata (Lepidoptera, Crambidae), with new records from Guadeloupe. ZooKeys 1286: 293-336, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1286.189299
00DE2F4263D85E11BE1323EC1D0572D3.text	00DE2F4263D85E11BE1323EC1D0572D3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Schoenlandella diaphaniae (Marsh 1986)	<div><p>Schoenlandella diaphaniae (Marsh, 1986)</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was not collected in our survey.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Neotropical region (Colombia, Venezuela) and Caribbean subregion (Trinidad and Tobago).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Schoenlandella diaphaniae (also studied under the name Cardiochiles diaphaniae) is a solitary endoparasitoid of Diaphania larvae (Smith et al. 1994) and exhibits biological characteristics consistent with those of other species in the genus Schoenlandella . Female wasps deposit a single egg into Diaphania larva. Larval development on the melonworm ( D. hyalinata) takes ~ 11 days, although the duration varies significantly depending on host’s age at the time of parasitism. Development on the pickleworm ( D. nitidalis) was one day shorter (Smith et al. 1994). Schoenlandella diaphaniae remained in the pupal stage for 8 to 10 days. The duration between cocoon formation and adult emergence increased slightly with host age at the time of parasitism.</p><p>Hosts.</p><p>Neotropical species of Schoenlandella are primarily associated with Crambidae and Noctuidae ( Lepidoptera), including several notable agricultural pests such as Crocidolomia pavonana (Fabricius, 1794), the cabbage cluster caterpillar ( Crambidae), or Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner, 1808) ( Noctuidae). Schoenlandella diaphaniae is associated with D. hyalinata and D. nitidalis . Schoenlandella diaphaniae was collected in Colombia and released multiple times in Florida and Puerto Rico as part of biological control programs targeting Diaphania spp. but it does not appear to have established in these regions (Frank and McCoy 1993).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/00DE2F4263D85E11BE1323EC1D0572D3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gumbau, Margot;Marteil, Claire;Groussier, Géraldine;Cruaud, Astrid;Nidelet, Sabine;Warot, Sylvie;Fernandez-Triana, José;Penet, Laurent;Blazy, Jean-Marc;Rasplus, Jean-Yves	Gumbau, Margot, Marteil, Claire, Groussier, Géraldine, Cruaud, Astrid, Nidelet, Sabine, Warot, Sylvie, Fernandez-Triana, José, Penet, Laurent, Blazy, Jean-Marc, Rasplus, Jean-Yves (2026): A synopsis of neotropical parasitoid wasps of Diaphania hyalinata (Lepidoptera, Crambidae), with new records from Guadeloupe. ZooKeys 1286: 293-336, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1286.189299
5CB9660BC7385AFF95320063267886AA.text	5CB9660BC7385AFF95320063267886AA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Schoenlandella montserratensis (Kang 2021)	<div><p>Schoenlandella montserratensis (Kang, 2021)</p><p>Fig. 8</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was collected in our survey. We confirmed this association by rearing S. montserratensis from D. hyalinata larvae. Schoenlandella montserratensis is cited here for the first time from Guadeloupe.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Guadeloupe • 17 specimens; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.657166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.203667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.657166/lat 16.203667)">Petit–Bourg, INRAE experimental station</a>; 16°12.22'N, 61°39.43'W; 6 Dec 2023; M. Gumbau leg.; reared from field-collected larvae of Diaphania hyalinata on cucumber; specimens stored in ISA Cryobox MG-DBF 23-ELEVAGE • 25 specimens; same collection data as for preceding; 27 Aug 2024; 5 ♀ analyzed and preserved as voucher (CBGP MGUM 0415_0101, MGUM 0417_0101, MGUM 0418_0101, MGUM 0421_0101, MGUM 0422_0101); NCBI accessions PZ 362386 – PZ 362389; other specimens stored in CBGP Cryobox MG-MD-DBF-2024 # 2 . • 21 specimens; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.512333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.2805" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.512333/lat 16.2805)">Abymes, commercial market garden farm</a>; 16°16.83'N, 61°30.74'W; 6 Sept 2024; M. Gumbau leg.; reared from field-collected larvae of Diaphania hyalinata on cucumber; specimens stored in CBGP Cryobox MG-AG 24-JF . • 13 specimens; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.602333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.230333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.602333/lat 16.230333)">Petit-Bourg, commercial market garden farm</a>; 16°13.82'N, 61°36.14'W; 27 Sept 2024; M. Gumbau leg.; reared from field-collected larvae of Diaphania hyalinata on cucumber; specimens stored in CBGP Cryobox MG-AG 24-SM .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Caribbean subregion, Montserrat and Guadeloupe.</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Very little is known about the exact biology of this species, but the species appears to be a solitary endoparasitoid of D. hyalinata larvae.</p><p>Hosts.</p><p>Female adults of S. montserratensis were first collected in a bitter gourd field in Montserrat in 2019. Among the four lepidopteran species known to develop on this host plant, Diaphania hyalinata was suspected to be its host (Kang et al. 2021).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5CB9660BC7385AFF95320063267886AA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gumbau, Margot;Marteil, Claire;Groussier, Géraldine;Cruaud, Astrid;Nidelet, Sabine;Warot, Sylvie;Fernandez-Triana, José;Penet, Laurent;Blazy, Jean-Marc;Rasplus, Jean-Yves	Gumbau, Margot, Marteil, Claire, Groussier, Géraldine, Cruaud, Astrid, Nidelet, Sabine, Warot, Sylvie, Fernandez-Triana, José, Penet, Laurent, Blazy, Jean-Marc, Rasplus, Jean-Yves (2026): A synopsis of neotropical parasitoid wasps of Diaphania hyalinata (Lepidoptera, Crambidae), with new records from Guadeloupe. ZooKeys 1286: 293-336, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1286.189299
E07990145F6853879E802D6B5E82C45D.text	E07990145F6853879E802D6B5E82C45D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stantonia pallida (Ashmead 1894)	<div><p>Stantonia pallida (Ashmead, 1894)</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was not collected in our survey.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Stantonia pallida is broadly distributed in the Western Hemisphere, ranging from Arizona to Brazil and in the Caribbean subregion from Cuba to Saint Vincent Island (from where it was described).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Species of Stantonia, including S. pallida, are solitary koinobiont endoparasitoids of lepidopterans (Boughton et al. 2012), as is the case for other orgilines (Shaw and Huddleston 1991; van Achterberg 1997; Braet and Quicke 2004). Host use is known for only six of 71 species in the genus, but host range appears to be restricted to a set of moth species with similar biology.</p><p>Hosts.</p><p>Stantonia pallida has been reported from several crambids, Diaphania hyalinata and D. nitidalis (Frank and McCoy 1993), Omiodes indicata (Fabricius, 1775), the soybean leaffolder (Muesebeck 1938) and Neomusotima conspurcatalis, the Lygodium defoliator moth (Kula et al. 2010). Stantonia pallida, under the name S. lamprosemae, was imported from Colombia and released in 1991, in Florida to control melonworm and pickleworm (Frank and McCoy 1993) and was probably present before release (Kula et al. 2010). Neither S. pallida nor S. lamprosemae were mentioned in Capinera (2011).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E07990145F6853879E802D6B5E82C45D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gumbau, Margot;Marteil, Claire;Groussier, Géraldine;Cruaud, Astrid;Nidelet, Sabine;Warot, Sylvie;Fernandez-Triana, José;Penet, Laurent;Blazy, Jean-Marc;Rasplus, Jean-Yves	Gumbau, Margot, Marteil, Claire, Groussier, Géraldine, Cruaud, Astrid, Nidelet, Sabine, Warot, Sylvie, Fernandez-Triana, José, Penet, Laurent, Blazy, Jean-Marc, Rasplus, Jean-Yves (2026): A synopsis of neotropical parasitoid wasps of Diaphania hyalinata (Lepidoptera, Crambidae), with new records from Guadeloupe. ZooKeys 1286: 293-336, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1286.189299
4C6A0A3D8D505089B0D18D7A5430316D.text	4C6A0A3D8D505089B0D18D7A5430316D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trichogramma atopovirilia (Oatman & Platner 1983)	<div><p>Trichogramma atopovirilia (Oatman &amp; Platner, 1983)</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was not collected in our survey.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>The species is widely distributed in Meso- and South America ranging from Texas and Mexico to Brazil. The species also occurs in the Caribbean subregion (Cuba, Jamaica, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Like all other Trichogramma species, T. atopovirilia parasitizes eggs of Lepidoptera . Females insert their ovipositor through the eggshell to lay one egg inside. The developing larva consumes the contents of the host egg, killing the embryo. The full life cycle, from egg to adult, is rapid and can be completed in 7–10 days under optimal conditions (Melo et al. 2007).</p><p>Hosts.</p><p>This species has been recorded from ~ 20 species of Lepidoptera (UCD Community 2023), some of economic importance (Zucchi et al. 2010). It was reared from eggs of D. hyalinata in Brazil (Polanczyk et al. 2009). This species has been reared for biological control of Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797) ( Noctuidae).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C6A0A3D8D505089B0D18D7A5430316D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gumbau, Margot;Marteil, Claire;Groussier, Géraldine;Cruaud, Astrid;Nidelet, Sabine;Warot, Sylvie;Fernandez-Triana, José;Penet, Laurent;Blazy, Jean-Marc;Rasplus, Jean-Yves	Gumbau, Margot, Marteil, Claire, Groussier, Géraldine, Cruaud, Astrid, Nidelet, Sabine, Warot, Sylvie, Fernandez-Triana, José, Penet, Laurent, Blazy, Jean-Marc, Rasplus, Jean-Yves (2026): A synopsis of neotropical parasitoid wasps of Diaphania hyalinata (Lepidoptera, Crambidae), with new records from Guadeloupe. ZooKeys 1286: 293-336, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1286.189299
45441D42F5095CE6AE26246A4DFAF04C.text	45441D42F5095CE6AE26246A4DFAF04C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trichogramma exiguum (Pinto & Platner 1978)	<div><p>Trichogramma exiguum (Pinto &amp; Platner, 1978)</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was not collected in our survey.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>The species is widely distributed throughout the Nearctic and Neotropical regions, ranging from Canada to Chile, and is present in the Caribbean subregion, including Barbados, Bermuda, Cuba, Grenada, the Grenadines, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, and Trinidad and Tobago (UCD Community 2023).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Similar to that described for T. atopovirilia .</p><p>Hosts.</p><p>Trichogramma exiguum is another polyphagous species of Trichogramma, and the species has been recorded from eggs of&gt; 40 species of Lepidoptera belonging to ten families (UCD Community 2023), among them D. hyalinata (Polanczyk et al. 2011) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/45441D42F5095CE6AE26246A4DFAF04C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gumbau, Margot;Marteil, Claire;Groussier, Géraldine;Cruaud, Astrid;Nidelet, Sabine;Warot, Sylvie;Fernandez-Triana, José;Penet, Laurent;Blazy, Jean-Marc;Rasplus, Jean-Yves	Gumbau, Margot, Marteil, Claire, Groussier, Géraldine, Cruaud, Astrid, Nidelet, Sabine, Warot, Sylvie, Fernandez-Triana, José, Penet, Laurent, Blazy, Jean-Marc, Rasplus, Jean-Yves (2026): A synopsis of neotropical parasitoid wasps of Diaphania hyalinata (Lepidoptera, Crambidae), with new records from Guadeloupe. ZooKeys 1286: 293-336, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1286.189299
663F9234D84F5A85914C07071300AFDA.text	663F9234D84F5A85914C07071300AFDA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trichogramma pretiosa (Riley 1879)	<div><p>Trichogramma pretiosa (Riley, 1879)</p><p>Fig. 6</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was collected during our survey. It is officially cited here for the first time from Guadeloupe, although its presence had previously been mentioned through a personal communication by Jean Etienne, as reported in Dumbardon-Martial et al. (2018).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Guadeloupe • 108 specimens; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.657166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.203667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.657166/lat 16.203667)">Petit–Bourg, INRAE experimental station</a>; 16°12.22'N, 61°39.43'W; 6 Dec 2023; M. Gumbau leg.; reared from field-collected eggs of Diaphania hyalinata on cucumber; specimens stored in ISA Cryobox MG-DBF 23-ELEVAGE • 2 specimens; same collection data as for preceding; 27 Aug 2024; 1 ♀ analyzed and preserved as voucher (CBGP MGUM 0416_0101); NCBI accessions PZ 362393; other specimens stored in CBGP Cryobox MG-MD-DBF-2024 # 2 . • 3 specimens; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.602333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.230333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.602333/lat 16.230333)">Petit-Bourg, commercial market garden farm</a>; 16°13.82'N, 61°36.14'W; 27 Sept 2024; M. Gumbau leg.; reared from field-collected larvae of Diaphania hyalinata on cucumber; specimens stored in CBGP Cryobox MG-AG 24-SM .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Trichogramma pretiosa is widely distributed in the Nearctic and Neotropical regions ranging from Canada to Chile, and occurring in the Caribbean subregion including Martinique, Virgin Islands, Cuba, and Dominican Republic.</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Similar to that described for T. atopovirilia .</p><p>Hosts.</p><p>Trichogramma pretiosa is one of the most polyphagous species of the genus, cited from tens of host species. It is one of the most widely used species of Trichogramma for the biological control of agricultural pests (Zucchi et al. 2010). In the Americas, it has been successfully used against several lepidopteran pests. Diaphania hyalinata is cited as a primary host of T. pretiosa (Letourneau 1987; Pinto 1998; Polanczyk et al. 2009, 2011; Dumbardon-Martial et al. 2018).</p><p>Comment.</p><p>According to the rules of zoological nomenclature (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999), the specific epithet must agree in gender with the genus name when it is an adjective. Trichogramma is a neuter noun (derived from the Greek gramma, meaning “ written ”), so an adjectival epithet should be in the neuter form, pretiosum and not pretiosa. However, if the original author used pretiosa as a noun in apposition (for example, a substantive), it remains invariable, regardless of the gender of the genus name. Consequently, unless there is historical evidence that pretiosa was intentionally used as an adjective, which is not the case, pretiosa should be treated as a noun in apposition. Therefore, gender agreement with the neuter genus should not be applied and the original form pretiosa should be retained (UCD Community 2023).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/663F9234D84F5A85914C07071300AFDA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gumbau, Margot;Marteil, Claire;Groussier, Géraldine;Cruaud, Astrid;Nidelet, Sabine;Warot, Sylvie;Fernandez-Triana, José;Penet, Laurent;Blazy, Jean-Marc;Rasplus, Jean-Yves	Gumbau, Margot, Marteil, Claire, Groussier, Géraldine, Cruaud, Astrid, Nidelet, Sabine, Warot, Sylvie, Fernandez-Triana, José, Penet, Laurent, Blazy, Jean-Marc, Rasplus, Jean-Yves (2026): A synopsis of neotropical parasitoid wasps of Diaphania hyalinata (Lepidoptera, Crambidae), with new records from Guadeloupe. ZooKeys 1286: 293-336, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1286.189299
E97F7640891459158C4E231238B7234B.text	E97F7640891459158C4E231238B7234B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trichospilus diatraeae (Cherian & Margabandhu 1942)	<div><p>Trichospilus diatraeae (Cherian &amp; Margabandhu, 1942)</p><p>Fig. 5</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was collected in our survey. It is cited here for the first time from Guadeloupe.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Guadeloupe • 3 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.657166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.203667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.657166/lat 16.203667)">Petit–Bourg, INRAE experimental station</a>; 16°12.22'N, 61°39.43'W; 27 Aug 2024; M. Gumbau leg.; reared from field-collected larvae of Diaphania hyalinata on cucumber; 2 ♀ analyzed and preserved as voucher (CBGP MGUM 0429_0101, MGUM 0430_0101); other specimens stored in CBGP Cryobox MG-MD-DBF-2024 # 2 .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Trichospilus Ferrière, 1930, is an Oriental genus of Eulophinae, comprising nine described species. Trichospilus diatraeae occurs naturally from India to Papua New Guinea, and have been introduced in multiple countries for biological control programs. In 1963, the species was shipped from India to the USA and to Trinidad for laboratory trials against Diatraea spp. which are serious pests of sugarcane in the neotropics (Bennett et al. 1987). It now occurs widely in the Western Hemisphere from Florida (USA) and Mexico to Brazil (where it was not intentionally introduced) and has been cited from the Caribbean subregion (Puerto Rico, and Trinidad and Tobago).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>The species is primarily an idiobiont gregarious pupal parasitoid of gramineous stem borers ( Lepidoptera). The number of individuals emerging from the host depends on its size but can each ~ 1500 individuals per pupa in some large moths ( Spodoptera cosmioides Walker, 1858). The egg-to-adult development cycle of T. diatraeae is ~ 1 month long (Zaché et al. 2012).</p><p>Hosts.</p><p>Trichospilus diatraeae is highly polyphagous being reported from a large variety of hosts (&gt; 50 species of Lepidoptera, in 12 families), among them several agricultural pests (UCD Community 2023). The species was reported parasitizing D. hyalinata in Brazil by Melo et al. (2011) and da Silva et al. (2015).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E97F7640891459158C4E231238B7234B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gumbau, Margot;Marteil, Claire;Groussier, Géraldine;Cruaud, Astrid;Nidelet, Sabine;Warot, Sylvie;Fernandez-Triana, José;Penet, Laurent;Blazy, Jean-Marc;Rasplus, Jean-Yves	Gumbau, Margot, Marteil, Claire, Groussier, Géraldine, Cruaud, Astrid, Nidelet, Sabine, Warot, Sylvie, Fernandez-Triana, José, Penet, Laurent, Blazy, Jean-Marc, Rasplus, Jean-Yves (2026): A synopsis of neotropical parasitoid wasps of Diaphania hyalinata (Lepidoptera, Crambidae), with new records from Guadeloupe. ZooKeys 1286: 293-336, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1286.189299
