identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
121B6D3BFF982740FF04D58DFE1A129A.text	121B6D3BFF982740FF04D58DFE1A129A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Piratula Roewer 1960	<div><p>Piratula Roewer, 1960</p><p>Type species. Piratula hygrophila (Thorell, 1872) from England (Blackwall 1861), by subsequent designation (Roewer 1955).</p><p>Remarks. We considered both Pirata and Piratula for the inclusion of this new species, however, it best fits the generic characters of the genus Piratula as defined by Omelko et al. (2011): large, longer than wide and C-shaped tegular apophysis, underdeveloped subterminal apophysis, sperm duct with an almost transverse course, and having a prolateral tibial spine on leg I in female.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/121B6D3BFF982740FF04D58DFE1A129A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sudhin, Puthoor Pattammal;Sankaran, Pradeep M.;Sen, Souvik	Sudhin, Puthoor Pattammal, Sankaran, Pradeep M., Sen, Souvik (2025): First record of the genus Piratula Roewer, 1960 from India, with the description of a new species (Araneae: Lycosidae: Zoicinae). Zootaxa 5659 (4): 593-598, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5659.4.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5659.4.9
121B6D3BFF992741FF04D3BBFEDD120B.text	121B6D3BFF992741FF04D3BBFEDD120B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Piratula acuminata Sudhin & Sankaran & Sen 2025	<div><p>Piratula acuminata sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1–3</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is an adjective and refers to the acute basal arm of the tegular apophysis of the new species (Figs 1I, 2A). The Latin term ‘acuminatus’ means sharp.</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂ (NZC-ZSI-9647/18) and paratypes 1♂, 1♀ (NZC-ZSI-9648/18), INDIA: West Bengal: South 24 Parganas district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.13333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.866667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.13333/lat 21.866667)">Kastala</a> (21°52’N 88°08’E; 16 m a.s.l.), 03 November 2019, leg. K. Valarmathi.</p><p>Diagnosis. Males of P. acuminata sp. nov. are most similar to the males of Piratula piratoides (Bösenberg &amp; Strand, 1906) as both share a ridge-like subterminal apophysis, conductor which is absent, and basolaterally located subtegulum. It can be distinguished from the latter species by the apical arm of tegular apophysis with comparatively narrow proximal part (vs. broad in P. piratoides), and tegular apophysis with single tooth (vs. three in P. piratoides; cf. Figs 1G, I–K, 2A, C and Omelko et al. 2011: figs 109–110, 113). Females of the new species are similar to those of Piratula yaginumai (Tanaka, 1974) as both share a triangular epigynal plate with concave posterior margin, and short and thick copulatory ducts, but can be separated from the latter by ovate spermathecae (vs. elongate in P. yaginumai; cf. Figs 1M–N, 2E–F and Omelko et al. 2011: fig. 156a–b).</p><p>Description. Male in ethanol (holotype, Fig. 1A, C, E). Color overall pale creamy white with brown shades (Fig. 1A; the yellowish colouration of Fig. 1C–F, I—L is due to increased light exposure); opisthosoma covered with chalk white spots, dorsum posterolaterally provided with a pair of light brown stripes. Cheliceral pro- and retromargins with three teeth each (Fig. 1E). Opisthosoma nearly ovate, hirsute (Fig. 1A). Body length 8.81. Carapace 5.08 long, 3.82 wide. Opisthosoma 3.73 long, 2.28 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: ALE 0.13, AME 0.17, PLE 0.18, PME 0.28; AME–ALE 0.05, AME–AME 0.11, AME–PME 0.12, PME–PLE 0.16, PME–PME 0.22. Clypeus height at AMEs 0.09, at ALEs 0.15. Chelicerae 1.53 long. Length of palp and legs: palp 4.89 [1.85, 0.86, 0.97, 1.21], I 12.48 [3.67, 1.40, 3.04, 3.13, 1.24], II 11.86 [3.55, 1.25, 2.64, 3.20, 1.22], III 10.81 [3.23, 1.22, 2.25, 3.04, 1.07], IV 13.90 [4.02, 1.48, 3.08, 3.97, 1.35]. Leg formula: 4123. Spination of palp: femur pl 2 do 3 rl 1; legs: femur I pl 1 do 2, II pl 1 do 3 rl 1, III pl 2 do 2 rl 2, IV pl 2 do 3 rl 1; patellae I–II pl 1, III pl 1 do 1 rl 1, IV pl 1 rl 1; tibia I plv 2 rlv 1 v 1, II pl 2 plv 2 rlv 2, III–IV pl 2 plv 3 do 2 rl 2 rlv 3; metatarsus I plv 3 rlv 3, II pl 3 plv 2 rlv 3 v 1, III–IV pl 3 plv 3 rl 3 rlv 3 v 1; tarsi I–IV spineless. Palp (Figs 1G–L, 2A–D). Subtegulum small, basolaterally located (Figs 1G, 2A). Tegular apophysis with long, curved apical arm having smoothly rounded tip and short, triangular basal arm with acute tip, with broadly triangular basal tooth (Figs 1G, I arrow 1, 2A). Terminal apophysis broad at base, with blunt tip, dorsally having a longitudinal groove to accommodate embolus (Figs 1K–L, 2C–D). Subterminal apophysis ridge-like, lying very close to terminal apophysis (Figs 1K arrow 2, 2C). Conductor absent. Embolus short, apically curved, with acute tip (Figs 1L arrow 3, 2D).</p><p>Female in ethanol (paratype, Fig. 1B, D, F). Habitus and details like male except for the following: opisthosoma without prominent patches/markings (Fig. 1B). Body length 10.57. Carapace 4.77 long, 3.52 wide. Opisthosoma 5.80 long, 4.44 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: ALE 0.12, AME 0.20, PLE 0.22, PME 0.34; AME–ALE 0.09, AME–AME 0.11, AME–PME 0.11, PME–PLE 0.22, PME–PME 0.23. Clypeus height at AMEs 0.14, at ALEs 0.17. Chelicerae 2.12 long. Length of palp and legs: palp 4.53 [1.66, 0.65, 1.09, 1.13], I 10.74 [3.24, 1.39, 2.59, 2.45, 1.07], II 10.05 [3.10, 1.50, 2.17, 2.23, 1.05], III 9.79 [2.96, 1.09, 2.12, 2.57, 1.05], IV 13.14 [3.84, 1.39, 3.06, 3.61, 1.24]. Spination of palp: femur pl 1 do 3; legs: femur III pl 2 do 3 rl 2; patella IV pl 1 do 1 rl 1; tibia I plv 2 rlv 1, II pl 2 rlv 1; metatarsus II pl 2 plv 3 rlv 3 v 1. Genitalia (Figs 1M–N, 2E–F). Epigynal plate broadly triangular, with concave posterior margin (Figs 1M, 2E). Copulatory openings indistinct. Copulatory ducts short, thick, sclerotised, converging (Figs 1N, 2F). Spermathecae small, ovate, widely separated, slightly converging (Figs 1N, 2F). Fertilization ducts narrow, curved medially, diverging (Figs 1N, 2F).</p><p>Variation. Male (n=2): body length 6.93–8.81. The carapace length of the new species described here is nearly five (female) to six (male) millimetres, which is higher than in other Piratula species (&lt;3 mm) examined by Omelko et al. (2011).</p><p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality in West Bengal, India (Fig. 3). This is the first record of the genus from India.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/121B6D3BFF992741FF04D3BBFEDD120B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sudhin, Puthoor Pattammal;Sankaran, Pradeep M.;Sen, Souvik	Sudhin, Puthoor Pattammal, Sankaran, Pradeep M., Sen, Souvik (2025): First record of the genus Piratula Roewer, 1960 from India, with the description of a new species (Araneae: Lycosidae: Zoicinae). Zootaxa 5659 (4): 593-598, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5659.4.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5659.4.9
