identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
78907068DD825A0DB3114DF2112AA07E.text	78907068DD825A0DB3114DF2112AA07E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parnassia (sect. Cladoparnassia) Engl.	<div><p>1. [clade I] Parnassia sect. Cladoparnassia Engl. in Engl. u Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. Aufl. 2, 18 a: 182. 1930</p><p>= Parnassia sect. Saxifragastrum Drude ser. Rosulatae T. C. Ku in Bull. Bot. Res. North- East. For. Univ. 7 (1): 28. 1987. – Type: P. esquirolii Lévl.</p><p>Type.</p><p>P. faberi Oliv.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The typical characteristic of this clade is that the basal leaves are numerous, densely clustered in a rosette. The staminodes are structurally simple, usually unlobed at the apex or only bilobed in a lip-like form.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/78907068DD825A0DB3114DF2112AA07E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhang, Wen-Xuan;Li, Hong-Tao;Lu, Jin-Mei;Wu, Ding;Li, De-Zhu	Zhang, Wen-Xuan, Li, Hong-Tao, Lu, Jin-Mei, Wu, Ding, Li, De-Zhu (2026): Systematics of Parnassia (Celastraceae) inferred from plastid and nuclear DNA sequence data. PhytoKeys 273: 237-253, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.273.182792
22D992EBC71E586588590D4E1BC0C04D.text	22D992EBC71E586588590D4E1BC0C04D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parnassia (sect. Longifolia) D. Wu & D. Z. Li 2026	<div><p>4. [clade IV] Parnassia sect. Longifolia D. Wu &amp; D. Z. Li sect. nov.</p><p>Type.</p><p>P. oreophila Hance.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The morphological characteristics of this new section include the presence of one cauline leaf. The basal leaves are similar in morphology to those of Clade III, being ovate to oblong with a truncate or decurrent base. The staminodes are also flat and trilobed.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/22D992EBC71E586588590D4E1BC0C04D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhang, Wen-Xuan;Li, Hong-Tao;Lu, Jin-Mei;Wu, Ding;Li, De-Zhu	Zhang, Wen-Xuan, Li, Hong-Tao, Lu, Jin-Mei, Wu, Ding, Li, De-Zhu (2026): Systematics of Parnassia (Celastraceae) inferred from plastid and nuclear DNA sequence data. PhytoKeys 273: 237-253, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.273.182792
293CBF51C5375E3BBCC8D339A2486E51.text	293CBF51C5375E3BBCC8D339A2486E51.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parnassia (sect. Luteae) (T. C. Ku) D. Wu & D. Z. Li 2026	<div><p>3. [clade III] Parnassia sect. Luteae (T. C. Ku) D. Wu &amp; D. Z. Li stat. nov.</p><p>≡ Parnassia sect. Nectarotrilobos Drude subsect. Amblysandra (Franch.) T. C. Ku ser. Luteae T. C. Ku in Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin. 7 (1): 31. 1987.</p><p>Type.</p><p>P. lutea Batal.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>A prominent feature of this clade is the absence of cauline leaves. The basal leaves are ovate to oblong, with a truncate or cuneate-decurrent base. The staminodes are flat and trilobed.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/293CBF51C5375E3BBCC8D339A2486E51	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhang, Wen-Xuan;Li, Hong-Tao;Lu, Jin-Mei;Wu, Ding;Li, De-Zhu	Zhang, Wen-Xuan, Li, Hong-Tao, Lu, Jin-Mei, Wu, Ding, Li, De-Zhu (2026): Systematics of Parnassia (Celastraceae) inferred from plastid and nuclear DNA sequence data. PhytoKeys 273: 237-253, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.273.182792
84A3D6FB68F55414821FD37953ADBAA4.text	84A3D6FB68F55414821FD37953ADBAA4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parnassia (sect. Nectarobilobos) T. C. Ku	<div><p>2. [clade II] Parnassia sect. Nectarobilobos T. C. Ku in Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin. 7 (1): 46. 1987</p><p>Type.</p><p>P. bifolia Nekr.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This clade is monospecific, containing only P. bifolia, which is distinguished by having two cauline leaves and staminodes that are flat and bilobed at the apex.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/84A3D6FB68F55414821FD37953ADBAA4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhang, Wen-Xuan;Li, Hong-Tao;Lu, Jin-Mei;Wu, Ding;Li, De-Zhu	Zhang, Wen-Xuan, Li, Hong-Tao, Lu, Jin-Mei, Wu, Ding, Li, De-Zhu (2026): Systematics of Parnassia (Celastraceae) inferred from plastid and nuclear DNA sequence data. PhytoKeys 273: 237-253, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.273.182792
658AC7749E33568B982B0142B0F7A478.text	658AC7749E33568B982B0142B0F7A478.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parnassia (sect. Nectarotrilobos) (subsect. Fimbripetalum) (Drude) D. Wu & D. Z. Li	<div><p>6 a. [subclade C] Parnassia sect. Nectarotrilobos Drude subsect. Fimbripetalum (Drude) D. Wu &amp; D. Z. Li stat. nov.</p><p>≡ Parnassia sect. Fimbripetalum Drude in Linnaea 39: 302. 1875 ≡ Parnassia sect. Fimbripetalum Drude ser. Fimbripetalum T. C. Ku in Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin. 7 (1): 51. 1987. – Type: P. foliosa Hook. f. et Thomson.</p><p>= Parnassia sect. Fimbripetalum Drude ser. Amoenae T. C. Ku in Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin. 7 (1): 51. 1987.</p><p>Type.</p><p>P. amoena Diels.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The petal margins bear fringed hairs. The plants often have three or more cauline leaves. The staminodes are branched.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/658AC7749E33568B982B0142B0F7A478	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhang, Wen-Xuan;Li, Hong-Tao;Lu, Jin-Mei;Wu, Ding;Li, De-Zhu	Zhang, Wen-Xuan, Li, Hong-Tao, Lu, Jin-Mei, Wu, Ding, Li, De-Zhu (2026): Systematics of Parnassia (Celastraceae) inferred from plastid and nuclear DNA sequence data. PhytoKeys 273: 237-253, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.273.182792
71DFA8E5A21A52B2B434FDFAE3B5224B.text	71DFA8E5A21A52B2B434FDFAE3B5224B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parnassia (sect. Nectarotrilobos) (subsect. Nectarotrilobos) Drude subsect. Nectarotrilobos	<div><p>6 b. [subclade D] Parnassia sect. Nectarotrilobos Drude subsect. Nectarotrilobos</p><p>= Parnassia sect. Saxifragastrum Drude in Linnaea 39: 301. 1875 ≡ Parnassia sect. Saxifragastrum Drude ser. Saxifragastrum T. C. Ku in Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin. 7 (1): 22. 1987. – Type: P. tenella Hook. f. et Thomson.</p><p>= Parnassia sect. Odontohymen T. C. Ku in Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin. 7 (1): 29. 1987. – Type: P. farreri W. E. Evans</p><p>= Parnassia sect. Allolobos T. C. Ku in Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin. 7 (1): 46. 1987. – Type: P. wightiana Wall. ex Wight &amp; Arn.</p><p>= Parnassia sect. Nectaroquinquelobos T. C. Ku in Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin. 7 (1): 52. 1987. – Type: P. perciliata Diels</p><p>= Parnassia sect. Xiphosandra Franch. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 44: 262. 1897 ≡ Parnassia sect. Nectarotrilobos Drude subsect. Xiphosandra (Franch.) T. C. Ku in Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin. 7 (1): 44. 1987. – Type: P. delavayi Franch.</p><p>Type.</p><p>P. mysorensis Heyne ex Wight &amp; Arn.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This subclade exhibits high morphological diversity and encompasses the principal lineages of Clade VI, excluding Subclade C (characterized by fringed petals and branched staminodes). Its core morphological variations are manifested in: staminodes that are club-shaped to columnar (corresponding to the former sect. Saxifragastrum), flat and trilobed (corresponding to the former sect. Nectarotrilobos s. str.), flat and pentalobed (corresponding to the former sect. Allolobos), or short-fan- shaped with apical teeth (corresponding to the former sect. Odontohymen). Additionally, lineages with significantly elongated stamen connectives (corresponding to the former sect. Xiphosandra) are also nested within it. Despite these pronounced morphological differences, particularly in staminode structure, phylogenetic analyses consistently recover these groups as a single, well-supported monophyletic clade.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/71DFA8E5A21A52B2B434FDFAE3B5224B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhang, Wen-Xuan;Li, Hong-Tao;Lu, Jin-Mei;Wu, Ding;Li, De-Zhu	Zhang, Wen-Xuan, Li, Hong-Tao, Lu, Jin-Mei, Wu, Ding, Li, De-Zhu (2026): Systematics of Parnassia (Celastraceae) inferred from plastid and nuclear DNA sequence data. PhytoKeys 273: 237-253, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.273.182792
B410EE1E15A4552BB457A050454DF976.text	B410EE1E15A4552BB457A050454DF976.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parnassia (sect. Nectarotrilobos) Drude	<div><p>6. [clade VI] Parnassia sect. Nectarotrilobos Drude in Linnaea 39: 302. 1875</p><p>≡ Parnassia sect. Nectarotrilobos Drude subsect. Amblysandra (Franch.) T. C. Ku in Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin. 7 (1): 31. 1987 ≡ Parnassia sect. Nectarotrilobos Drude subsect. Amblysandra (Franch.) T. C. Ku ser. Nectarotrilobos T. C. Ku in Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin. 7 (1): 32. 1987 = Parnassia sect. Nectarotrilobos Drude subsect. Amblysandra (Franch.) T. C. Ku ser. Lijiangenses T. C. Ku in Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin. 7 (1): 32. 1987.</p><p>Type.</p><p>P. mysorensis Heyne ex Wight &amp; Arn.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The basal leaves are mainly cordate or reniform, with a cordate base. The staminodes are either unlobed or lobed to a depth not exceeding half their length. The seed coat is compact or slightly sac-like.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B410EE1E15A4552BB457A050454DF976	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhang, Wen-Xuan;Li, Hong-Tao;Lu, Jin-Mei;Wu, Ding;Li, De-Zhu	Zhang, Wen-Xuan, Li, Hong-Tao, Lu, Jin-Mei, Wu, Ding, Li, De-Zhu (2026): Systematics of Parnassia (Celastraceae) inferred from plastid and nuclear DNA sequence data. PhytoKeys 273: 237-253, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.273.182792
AA980301BF705908AC3A8AB2F83AB28B.text	AA980301BF705908AC3A8AB2F83AB28B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parnassia (sect. Parnassia) (subsect. Longiloba) D. Wu & D. Z. Li 2026	<div><p>5 b. [subclade B] Parnassia sect. Parnassia subsect. Longiloba D. Wu &amp; D. Z. Li subsect. nov.</p><p>Type.</p><p>P. grandifolia DC.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The staminodes are branched (not flat), usually with three lobes (rarely 4–5). The petals are entire. There is typically one cauline leaf. P. sect. Longiloba was first recognized by Phillips (1982) but neither effectively nor validly published; it is validated here as a new subsection.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AA980301BF705908AC3A8AB2F83AB28B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhang, Wen-Xuan;Li, Hong-Tao;Lu, Jin-Mei;Wu, Ding;Li, De-Zhu	Zhang, Wen-Xuan, Li, Hong-Tao, Lu, Jin-Mei, Wu, Ding, Li, De-Zhu (2026): Systematics of Parnassia (Celastraceae) inferred from plastid and nuclear DNA sequence data. PhytoKeys 273: 237-253, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.273.182792
F3D47126E9155678BCA37106E052F31C.text	F3D47126E9155678BCA37106E052F31C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parnassia (sect. Parnassia) (subsect. Parnassia) sect. Parnassia subsect. Parnassia	<div><p>5 a. [subclade A] Parnassia sect. Parnassia subsect. Parnassia</p><p>Type.</p><p>P. palustris L.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The typical features include staminodes that are flat with as many as 5–30 lobes. The seed coat is often sac-like.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F3D47126E9155678BCA37106E052F31C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhang, Wen-Xuan;Li, Hong-Tao;Lu, Jin-Mei;Wu, Ding;Li, De-Zhu	Zhang, Wen-Xuan, Li, Hong-Tao, Lu, Jin-Mei, Wu, Ding, Li, De-Zhu (2026): Systematics of Parnassia (Celastraceae) inferred from plastid and nuclear DNA sequence data. PhytoKeys 273: 237-253, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.273.182792
1588B851A3E75667B150A52625C6ECE5.text	1588B851A3E75667B150A52625C6ECE5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parnassia (sect. Parnassia) sect. Parnassia	<div><p>5. [clade V] Parnassia sect. Parnassia</p><p>≡ Parnassia sect. Nectarodroson Drude in Linnaea 39: 301. 1875 = Parnassia sect. Amblysandra Franch. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 44: 251. 1897.</p><p>Type.</p><p>P. palustris L.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The basal leaves are usually cordate or reniform, with a cordate base. The staminodes are deeply lobed, reaching half or more of their length.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1588B851A3E75667B150A52625C6ECE5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhang, Wen-Xuan;Li, Hong-Tao;Lu, Jin-Mei;Wu, Ding;Li, De-Zhu	Zhang, Wen-Xuan, Li, Hong-Tao, Lu, Jin-Mei, Wu, Ding, Li, De-Zhu (2026): Systematics of Parnassia (Celastraceae) inferred from plastid and nuclear DNA sequence data. PhytoKeys 273: 237-253, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.273.182792
