identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
120B2485FB2A538D89101235C0FE7313.text	120B2485FB2A538D89101235C0FE7313.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iranobelgrandia Falniowski, Grego & Fatemi 2026	<div><p>Genus Iranobelgrandia Falniowski, Grego &amp; Fatemi gen. nov.</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Iranobelgrandia persica by monophyly.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Minute conic or turriform gastropod with deep suture and oval aperture, shell thin-walled and translucent, neither eyes nor pigment, proximal receptaculum seminis big, distal dwarf, loop of oviduct massive. Penis flat, massive, and broad, with broad and not prominent outgrowth on its left side. Molecular diagnostic characters by comparison between Iranobelgrandia and Montenegrospeum | Martensamnicola | Dalmatinella | Belgrandia for COI (Suppl. material 1): binary: 21 (G), 42 (C), 148 (C), 171 (G), 210 (G), 216 (C), 264 (C), 327 (C), 435 (C), 441 (G); asymmetric: 105 (T), 114 (C), 120 (T), 153 (T), 168 (G), 201 (C), 228 (A), 294 (C), 390 (C). For H 3 (Suppl. material 2): binary: 231 (C).</p><p>Penis and female reproductive organs morphology resemble European genera Belgrandia, Dalmatinella and Montenegrospeum, while the new genus is known so far from Iran only.</p><p>Derivatio nominis.</p><p>The name is derived from the country of origin and the closely related European truncatelloid genus Belgrandia .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/120B2485FB2A538D89101235C0FE7313	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Grego, Jozef;Falniowski, Andrzej;Hofman, Sebastian;Lecoquierre, Ninon;Fatemi, Yaser;Flot, Jean-François;Malek-Hosseini, Mohammad Javad;Jaszczyńska, Aleksandra	Grego, Jozef, Falniowski, Andrzej, Hofman, Sebastian, Lecoquierre, Ninon, Fatemi, Yaser, Flot, Jean-François, Malek-Hosseini, Mohammad Javad, Jaszczyńska, Aleksandra (2026): A new genus and two new species of stygobiotic gastropods (Truncatelloidea, Hydrobiidae) from Iran. Subterranean Biology 58: 1-25, DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.58.192708
7EB5576616E15DECB972DBED3D2177A7.text	7EB5576616E15DECB972DBED3D2177A7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iranobelgrandia persica Falniowski, Grego & Fatemi 2026	<div><p>Iranobelgrandia persica Falniowski, Grego &amp; Fatemi sp. nov.</p><p>GenBank no. for COI.</p><p>PZ 391971 – PZ 391972.</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Iran • Khuzestan Province, Andimeshk, Tuveh village, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.718334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.801945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.718334/lat 32.801945)">Tuveh seasonal spring</a>; 32°48'7"N, 48°43'6"E.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. Iran • ethanol-fixed specimen (Fig. 5 A – B); from type locality; 30. 05. 2019; Yaser Fatemi and Mohammad Javad Malek-Hosseini leg.; NHMW -MO-113910.</p><p>Paratypes. Iran • 5 dry and 9 ethanol-fixed specimens; same data as for holotype; 2 ethanol-fixed specimens destroyed for sequencing (2 H 67 – Fig. 5 C, 2 H 68 – Fig. 5 D); 3 ethanol-fixed specimens destroyed for anatomy (Fig. 5 E – G); 3 ethanol-fixed specimens in the collection of ZMUJ (ZMUJ /2026/01 – ZMUJ /2026/03); 1 ethanol-fixed and 3 dry specimens in collection of J. Grego F 2069; two dry specimens used by Yaser Fatemi for the SEM photography (Fig. 6 A – C) in collection of Y. Fatemi.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Minute conic or turriform gastropod with deep suture and oval aperture, shell thin-walled and translucent, neither eyes nor pigment, two receptacula seminis, distal one dwarf, big bursa copulatrix, and flat and massive, broad penis with broad and not prominent outgrowth on its right side. Molecular diagnostic characters same as for genus.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Shell (Figs 5 A – G, 6 A) minute, 1.27–2.44 mm high, 0.69–1.06 mm broad, conic or turriform, formed by 5 ½ regularly and slowly growing whorls, separated by deep suture. The spire equals 0.41 of the shell height. Umbilicus narrow, partly covered by the moderately broad parietal lip. Body whorl growing slowly. Aperture oval, slightly broad. Peristome continuous. Shell thin-walled, whitish and translucent, glossy, growth lines slightly visible. Shell measurements: Table 3. Protoconch with about one whorl growing rapidly in breadth and not sharply demarcated from teleoconch (Fig. 6 B), its surface covered with dense irregular net of fine pits (Fig. 6 C).</p><p>Radula (Fig. 6 D – E) with the central tooth with long, slender, and sharp cusps following the formulae:</p><p>5 - 1 - 5 1 - 1 or 6 - 1 - 6 1 - 1 or (7) 6 - 1 - 6 (7) 1 - 1 or 7 - 1 - 7 1 - 1</p><p>Numerous central teeth are asymmetric. Lateral tooth with 3 – 1 – 5 long, slender, and sharp cusps. Inner marginal tooth with 25–27 slender and sharp cusps, outer marginal tooth with 9–11 relatively long and sharp cusps.</p><p>Soft parts morphology and anatomy. No eyes, body with no pigment. Female reproductive organs (Fig. 7) with broad and short pallial gland complex, big pyriform bursa copulatrix expanding outside the gland complex, loop of oviduct massive and broad, proximal receptaculum seminis (rs 2 of Radoman 1973, 1983) big, distal one (rs 1 of Radoman 1973, 1983) dwarf, penis (Fig. 8) flat, massive, and broad, with broad and not prominent outgrowth on its left side.</p><p>Derivatio nominis.</p><p>The name persica reflects the thousand-year-old historical name of Iran and its people.</p><p>Known distribution.</p><p>Type locality only.</p><p>Differential diagnosis.</p><p>The only Iranian similarly minute inhabitant of a mountainous creek (Starmühlner and Edlauer 1957), “ Frauenfeldia ” elbursensis, has a completely different, ovate-conic, barrel-shaped shell. In comparison with Belgrandia (Giusti and Pezzoli 1972, 1980; Haase 2000; Boeters and Falkner 2009), Dalmatinella (Radoman 1974, 1983; Szarowska 2006; Falniowski and Szarowska 2013; Beran et al. 2021) and Montenegrospeum (Pešić and Glöer 2013; Falniowski et al. 2013), the pallial accessory gland complex (glandula albuminoidea and glandula nidamentalia) is shorter, the bursa copulatrix bigger, and the loop of oviduct more massive. The proximal receptaculum seminis is big, in size resembling the one in Dalmatinella, the distal one dwarf, also similarly to Dalmatinella . The single outgrowth on the penis of Belgrandia and Montenegrospeum is longer and slenderer; in Dalmatinella there are two outgrowths, both short and broad. In Iranobelgrandia there are also two outgrowths, but smaller than in Dalmatinella . The molecularly close genus Martensamnicola is known from the Western Tajik Basin (Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan), and Kazakhstan, and is represented by a group of crenobiotic species, all of them with less whorls on the horny, thicker-walled and lower-spired shell and less cusps on the central tooth (Zhadin 1952).</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Stygobiotic species. Live specimens were attached to the grass at the spring head entrance, and it seemed that they were flushed out of the groundwater to the outflows, ponds and streams. The type locality is a seasonal spring with a high amount of karst water outflow during the rainy seasons (Fig. 2), usually from November till May – June. The flowing water gets lower from April and the outlet of the spring stops completely during summer (Malek-Hosseini et al. 2022). The spring belongs to the drainage of the Dez River in the catchment of the Persian Gulf.</p><p>Red List Assessment.</p><p>The species is known only from one locality, which is a temporary spring in semi-arid mountains. The AOO is represented by a small area approximately 30 m 2 directly in the springhead. EOO is in a subterranean aquifer and its extent is hard to assess. The main threats for the species are climatic changes, drought and decreased precipitation leading to groundwater level, flow and periodicity alternations. The ecological status is assessed as Endangered (EN) B 1. An additional threat is anthropogenic pollution from the nearby railroad. Three cave fishes have been reported from this spring (Vatandoust et al. 2019; Malek-Hosseini et al. 2022), which had been described from a cave about 31 km to the north of Tuveh Spring. A stygobiotic isopod was recently described from a spring about 5 km to the east of Tuveh Spring (Malek-Hosseini et al. 2022). Overall, these data suggest the presence of a large aquifer that is feeding all these karstic springs in the area and hence, the putative presence of more stygobiotic animals in this aquifer is suggested.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7EB5576616E15DECB972DBED3D2177A7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Grego, Jozef;Falniowski, Andrzej;Hofman, Sebastian;Lecoquierre, Ninon;Fatemi, Yaser;Flot, Jean-François;Malek-Hosseini, Mohammad Javad;Jaszczyńska, Aleksandra	Grego, Jozef, Falniowski, Andrzej, Hofman, Sebastian, Lecoquierre, Ninon, Fatemi, Yaser, Flot, Jean-François, Malek-Hosseini, Mohammad Javad, Jaszczyńska, Aleksandra (2026): A new genus and two new species of stygobiotic gastropods (Truncatelloidea, Hydrobiidae) from Iran. Subterranean Biology 58: 1-25, DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.58.192708
8883E2C98E455237B705D252559E9403.text	8883E2C98E455237B705D252559E9403.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudamnicola stygopersica Grego & Fatemi 2026	<div><p>Pseudamnicola stygopersica Grego &amp; Fatemi sp. nov.</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Iran • Khuzestan Province, Tuveh village, Andimeshk, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.718334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.813053" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.718334/lat 32.813053)">Tuveh seasonal spring</a>; 32°48'47"N, 48°43'6"E.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. Iran • dry specimen (Fig. 9 A – E); from type locality; 30. 05. 2019; Yaser Fatemi and Mohammad Javad Malek-Hosseini leg, NHMW -MO-113915.</p><p>Paratypes. Iran • 1 dry specimen; same data as for holotype; coll. JG F 2071 (Fig. 9 F) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Shell almost globose, with pronounced spire, conical apex and narrow elongated aperture, immediately distinguishable from the morphologically closest Pseudamnicola kotschyi Frauenfeld, 1863 by its larger shell, inflated whorls with deeper suture and pagoda-like protoconch, more opened umbilicus and different shape of the aperture; from Intermaria zagrosensis (Glöer &amp; Pešić, 2009), Pseudamnicola georgievi Glöer &amp; Pešić, 2012 and Persipyrgula saboori (Glöer &amp; Pešić, 2009) by its smaller, more globose, more inflated whorls and more conical spire and its proportionally larger body whorls with different shape of the aperture, and more open umbilicus.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Shell (Fig. 9 A – F) small, 2.0 mm high, oval globose with four inflated whorls and deep suture, whitish – translucent with smooth surface with very faint growth lines and milky white periostracum. Body whorl prominent with shell width 1.64 mm and proportionally very large inflated. Pagoduline apex conically pronouncing from the body whorl. Protoconch very weakly and indistinctly pitted. Aperture 0.88 × 1.6 mm, irregular oval elongated “ lemon ” shaped with pronounced channels at both extremities. Labrum thickened and straight lateral labral profile, shortly attached to the body and forming a distinct inward curved columellar fold whorl by a short grove. Umbilicus large and opened, framed by a weak columellar keel close the umbilicus. Operculum not known.</p><p>Derivatio nominis.</p><p>Named after the stygobiotic habitat of the species and Persia as a historical name of the country of origin.</p><p>Known distribution.</p><p>Only known from a scarce occurrence of empty shells at the type locality.</p><p>Ecological status.</p><p>The species is known only from one locality, which is a temporary spring in semi-arid mountains. The AOO is represented by a small area approximately 30 m 2 directly in the springhead. EOO is in a subterranean aquifer, and it is hard to assess its hypogean extent. The main threats for the species are climatic changes, drought and decreased precipitation leading to decrease of groundwater level, flow and periodicity alternations. The ecological status is assessed as Endangered (EN) B 1.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>After several sampling attempts, only a few empty shells were recovered from the remote type locality, a seasonal spring without any known cave in its aquifer. The species appears to be stygobiotic, as no live specimens were washed out even during periods of maximum water discharge in early spring.</p><p>Shell and aperture morphology indicate that the species likely inhabits a stygobiotic environment with low water-flow velocity, probably semi-stagnant cave pools, and is therefore unlikely to be adapted to cave rivers with strong currents. Consequently, living individuals are probably not easily transported to the surface through the spring outlet. This contrasts with the sympatric Iranobelgrandia persica sp. nov., whose shell morphology suggests better adaptation to fast-flowing cave streams and rapids, according to the morphological categories proposed by Grego (2020).</p><p>The distinctive shell morphology suggests that the species may represent a separate stygobiotic genus. However, due to the absence of anatomical and molecular data, the new species is provisionally assigned to the crenobiotic genus Pseudamnicola, which shows the closest morphological resemblance.</p><p>Future fieldwork conducted at an appropriate season may yield live material suitable for anatomical and molecular study, which would allow clarification of the generic placement of this taxon. Despite the absence of live specimens, the species is described here in order to draw attention to the poorly known and difficult-to-access subterranean biodiversity of the region, to support conservation efforts at the type locality, and to stimulate further research in the Zagros Mountains.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8883E2C98E455237B705D252559E9403	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Grego, Jozef;Falniowski, Andrzej;Hofman, Sebastian;Lecoquierre, Ninon;Fatemi, Yaser;Flot, Jean-François;Malek-Hosseini, Mohammad Javad;Jaszczyńska, Aleksandra	Grego, Jozef, Falniowski, Andrzej, Hofman, Sebastian, Lecoquierre, Ninon, Fatemi, Yaser, Flot, Jean-François, Malek-Hosseini, Mohammad Javad, Jaszczyńska, Aleksandra (2026): A new genus and two new species of stygobiotic gastropods (Truncatelloidea, Hydrobiidae) from Iran. Subterranean Biology 58: 1-25, DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.58.192708
