taxonID	type	description	language	source
0D1787E1FFF6FFB1F5835AB3FB39970A.taxon	diagnosis	Anteaglonium brasiliense is similar to A. latirostrum Mugambi & Huhndorf (2009: 462), but differs in having smaller ascospores with fewer septa.	en	Almeida, Davi Augusto Carneiro De, Gusmão, Luís Fernando Pascholati, Miller, Andrew Nicholas (2014): A new genus and three new species of hysteriaceous ascomycetes from the semiarid region of Brazil. Phytotaxa 176 (1): 298-308, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.28, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.28
0D1787E1FFF6FFB1F5835AB3FB39970A.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BRAZIL. Bahia: Santa Terezinha, Serra da Jibóia (12 º 50 ’ 57 ” S, 39 º 28 ’ 31 ” W), on twig of unidentified plant, 10 May 2013, D. A. C. Almeida s. n (holotype HUEFS 192250; isotype ILLS 71161).	en	Almeida, Davi Augusto Carneiro De, Gusmão, Luís Fernando Pascholati, Miller, Andrew Nicholas (2014): A new genus and three new species of hysteriaceous ascomycetes from the semiarid region of Brazil. Phytotaxa 176 (1): 298-308, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.28, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.28
0D1787E1FFF6FFB1F5835AB3FB39970A.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Referring to the country (Brazil) in which it was collected.	en	Almeida, Davi Augusto Carneiro De, Gusmão, Luís Fernando Pascholati, Miller, Andrew Nicholas (2014): A new genus and three new species of hysteriaceous ascomycetes from the semiarid region of Brazil. Phytotaxa 176 (1): 298-308, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.28, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.28
0D1787E1FFF6FFB1F5835AB3FB39970A.taxon	description	Hysterothecia erumpent to superficial with base immersed, black, carbonaceous, subglobose to ellipsoid, straight or flexuous, with a longitudinal slit, sulcus deep, smooth or slightly striated laterally, gregarious, lying at irregular angles, 170 – 820 µm long × 110 – 160 µm high × 110 – 220 µm wide. Pseudoparaphyses hyaline, septate, apically branched, 1 – 1.5 µm wide. Asci bitunicate, clavate, 8 - spored, irregularly biseriate, short-stalked, 34.5 – 47 × 4 – 5.5 µm. Ascospores hyaline, fusiform, smooth, straight to slightly flexuous, 1 - septate, constricted at the septa, guttulate, 9 – 13 (– 15) × 2 – 4 µm. Anamorph unknown.	en	Almeida, Davi Augusto Carneiro De, Gusmão, Luís Fernando Pascholati, Miller, Andrew Nicholas (2014): A new genus and three new species of hysteriaceous ascomycetes from the semiarid region of Brazil. Phytotaxa 176 (1): 298-308, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.28, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.28
0D1787E1FFF6FFB1F5835AB3FB39970A.taxon	discussion	Notes: — Previously, only four species were accepted in Anteaglonium. Anteaglonium abbreviatum (Schweinitz 1832: 245) Mugambi & Huhndorf (2009: 460), A. globosum Mugambi & Huhndorf (2009: 460) and A. parvulum (Gerard 1874: 40) Mugambi & Huhndorf (2009: 462) can be easily differentiated from A. brasiliense by their obovoid ascospores. The fourth species, A. latirostrum, has ascospores with a similar shape to those in A. brasiliense but differs in having larger ascospores (22 – 28 × 4 – 6 µm) with more septa (1 – 4).	en	Almeida, Davi Augusto Carneiro De, Gusmão, Luís Fernando Pascholati, Miller, Andrew Nicholas (2014): A new genus and three new species of hysteriaceous ascomycetes from the semiarid region of Brazil. Phytotaxa 176 (1): 298-308, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.28, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.28
0D1787E1FFF0FFB4F5835F9BFA959757.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BRAZIL. Piauí: Caracol, Serra das Confusões National Park (9 º 13 ’ 22 ” S, 43 º 29 ’ 39 ” W), on twig of unidentified plant, 8 November 2011, D. A. C. Almeida s. n (holotype HUEFS 42838; isotype ILLS 71162).	en	Almeida, Davi Augusto Carneiro De, Gusmão, Luís Fernando Pascholati, Miller, Andrew Nicholas (2014): A new genus and three new species of hysteriaceous ascomycetes from the semiarid region of Brazil. Phytotaxa 176 (1): 298-308, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.28, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.28
0D1787E1FFF0FFB4F5835F9BFA959757.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Referring to the county (Caracol) in which it was collected.	en	Almeida, Davi Augusto Carneiro De, Gusmão, Luís Fernando Pascholati, Miller, Andrew Nicholas (2014): A new genus and three new species of hysteriaceous ascomycetes from the semiarid region of Brazil. Phytotaxa 176 (1): 298-308, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.28, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.28
0D1787E1FFF0FFB4F5835F9BFA959757.taxon	description	Hysterothecia erumpent, black, carbonaceous, navicular, straight, often transversely segmented, with a longitudinal slit, sulcus deep, smooth laterally, gregarious, linear, 0.9 – 6.5 mm long × 0.2 – 0.5 mm high × 0.3 – 0.7 mm wide. Pseudoparaphyses hyaline, septate, apically branched, 1.5 – 2.5 µm wide. Asci bitunicate, clavate, 8 - spored, irregularly biseriate, short-stalked, 130 – 223 × 22.5 – 25 µm. Ascospores pale brown, broadly ellipsoidal, narrowing at the ends, smooth, straight to slightly flexuous, transversally 7 (– 8) - septate, strongly constricted at the median septa, with 1 – 3 longitudinal septa in central cells, sometimes surrounded by a gelatinous sheath, 31 – 40 × 10 – 15 µm. Anamorph unknown. Notes: — The morphology and measurements of the hysterothecia of G. caracolinense are similar to Graphyllium panduratum, both being erumpent and transversely segmented. The measurements of the ascospores also are similar between these two species (30 – 38 × 10 – 13 µm versus 31 – 40 × 10 – 15 µm), but G. panduratum differs in having applanate and obpyriform ascospores that are longitudinally 3 - septate and lack a sheath.	en	Almeida, Davi Augusto Carneiro De, Gusmão, Luís Fernando Pascholati, Miller, Andrew Nicholas (2014): A new genus and three new species of hysteriaceous ascomycetes from the semiarid region of Brazil. Phytotaxa 176 (1): 298-308, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.28, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.28
0D1787E1FFF2FFB4F5835E47FBE5955D.taxon	diagnosis	Hysterodifractum differs from all other genera in the Hysteriaceae in having ascospores that disarticulate into part-spores when mature.	en	Almeida, Davi Augusto Carneiro De, Gusmão, Luís Fernando Pascholati, Miller, Andrew Nicholas (2014): A new genus and three new species of hysteriaceous ascomycetes from the semiarid region of Brazil. Phytotaxa 176 (1): 298-308, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.28, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.28
0D1787E1FFF2FFB4F5835E47FBE5955D.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: — Hysterodifractum partisporum D. A. C. Almeida, Gusmão & A. N. Mill.	en	Almeida, Davi Augusto Carneiro De, Gusmão, Luís Fernando Pascholati, Miller, Andrew Nicholas (2014): A new genus and three new species of hysteriaceous ascomycetes from the semiarid region of Brazil. Phytotaxa 176 (1): 298-308, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.28, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.28
0D1787E1FFF2FFB4F5835E47FBE5955D.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — From Latin Hystero - referring to the hysterothecium type of ascomata, and difractum, referring to the ascospores disarticulating into part-spores.	en	Almeida, Davi Augusto Carneiro De, Gusmão, Luís Fernando Pascholati, Miller, Andrew Nicholas (2014): A new genus and three new species of hysteriaceous ascomycetes from the semiarid region of Brazil. Phytotaxa 176 (1): 298-308, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.28, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.28
0D1787E1FFF2FFB4F5835E47FBE5955D.taxon	discussion	Hysterothecia superficial, black, carbonaceous, navicular, straight or sometimes flexuous, with a longitudinal slit, smooth or slightly striated laterally, gregarious, lying at irregular angles. Pseudoparaphyses hyaline, apically branched, forming an epithecium above the asci. Asci bitunicate, cylindrical, 8 - spored, uniseriate to irregularly biseriate. Ascospores pale brown, fusiform, smooth, disarticulating into part-spores.	en	Almeida, Davi Augusto Carneiro De, Gusmão, Luís Fernando Pascholati, Miller, Andrew Nicholas (2014): A new genus and three new species of hysteriaceous ascomycetes from the semiarid region of Brazil. Phytotaxa 176 (1): 298-308, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.28, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.28
0D1787E1FFF2FFB4F5835C4BFDC79132.taxon	diagnosis	Hysterodifractum partisporum is comparable to Actidiographium orientale (Vasilyeva 2000: 5), but differs by unbranched hysterothecia that are not densely aggregated and by ascospores disarticulating into part-spores.	en	Almeida, Davi Augusto Carneiro De, Gusmão, Luís Fernando Pascholati, Miller, Andrew Nicholas (2014): A new genus and three new species of hysteriaceous ascomycetes from the semiarid region of Brazil. Phytotaxa 176 (1): 298-308, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.28, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.28
0D1787E1FFF2FFB4F5835C4BFDC79132.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Refering to the ascospores disarticulating into part-spores.	en	Almeida, Davi Augusto Carneiro De, Gusmão, Luís Fernando Pascholati, Miller, Andrew Nicholas (2014): A new genus and three new species of hysteriaceous ascomycetes from the semiarid region of Brazil. Phytotaxa 176 (1): 298-308, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.28, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.28
0D1787E1FFF2FFB4F5835C4BFDC79132.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BRAZIL. Paraíba: Areia, Mata do Pau-Ferro State Ecological Reserve (6 º 58 ’ 14 ” S, 5 º 44 ’ 55 ” W), on twig of unidentified plant, 8 November 2011, D. A. C. Almeida s. n (holotype HUEFS 42865, isotype ILLS 71163).	en	Almeida, Davi Augusto Carneiro De, Gusmão, Luís Fernando Pascholati, Miller, Andrew Nicholas (2014): A new genus and three new species of hysteriaceous ascomycetes from the semiarid region of Brazil. Phytotaxa 176 (1): 298-308, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.28, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.28
0D1787E1FFF2FFB4F5835C4BFDC79132.taxon	description	Hysterothecia superficial, black, carbonaceous, navicular, straight or sometimes flexuous, with a longitudinal slit, sulcus shallow, slightly striated laterally to smooth, gregarious, lying at irregular angles, 0.3 – 1.5 mm long × 0.2 – 0.3 mm high × 0.2 – 0.4 mm wide. Pseudoparaphyses hyaline, aseptate, apically branched, forming an epithecium above the asci, 1 – 2 µm wide. Asci bitunicate, cylindrical to clavate, 8 - spored, uniseriate to partially biseriate, 77 – 115 × 4.5 – 8.5 µm. Ascospores pale brown, fusiform, smooth, straight, disarticulating into 16 partspores; part-spores ovoid or obovoid, 1 - septate, 5 – 7.5 × 2.5 – 4 µm. Anamorph unknown.	en	Almeida, Davi Augusto Carneiro De, Gusmão, Luís Fernando Pascholati, Miller, Andrew Nicholas (2014): A new genus and three new species of hysteriaceous ascomycetes from the semiarid region of Brazil. Phytotaxa 176 (1): 298-308, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.28, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.28
0D1787E1FFF2FFB4F5835C4BFDC79132.taxon	discussion	Notes: — Hysterodifractum has the typical thick-walled, carbonaceous, navicular hysterothecium found in Hysteriaceae, but can be distinguished from all accepted genera in this family by the ascospores disarticulating into part-spores when mature. This is the first report of part-spores occurring in a hysteriaceous fungus. Molecular analysis The original LSU alignment comprised 123 taxa and 1,393 bp positions. After using Gblocks to remove ambiguous regions from the sequence alignment the final dataset consisted of 1,253 bp. PHYML analyses produced a single most likely tree (Fig. 4). Molecular analyses based on LSU sequence data indicate that these species found in the Brazilian semi-arid region occur in two distinct orders, Hysteriales and Pleosporales. Anteaglonium brasiliense occurred in a strongly supported clade with all other species of Anteaglonium in the Pleosporales (≥ 95 % BPP, 97 % BS). Graphyllium caracolinense occurred as a well-supported sister clade to Oedohysterium (≥ 95 % BPP, 88 % BS) in the Hysteriaceae. Hysterodifractum partisporum grouped within Hysteriaceae with high Bayesian PP value (≥ 95 %) but without significant BS support. The Brazilian isolate of Rhytidhysteron rufulum clustered in a highly supported clade (≥ 95 % BPP, 79 % BS) with all other isolates of R. rufulum from Europe, Ghana and Kenya.	en	Almeida, Davi Augusto Carneiro De, Gusmão, Luís Fernando Pascholati, Miller, Andrew Nicholas (2014): A new genus and three new species of hysteriaceous ascomycetes from the semiarid region of Brazil. Phytotaxa 176 (1): 298-308, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.28, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.28
