identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
34A05A1F8039590BBC6E4B065C19012B.text	34A05A1F8039590BBC6E4B065C19012B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aphidius brethes Tomanovic & Kocic 2025	<div><p>Aphidius brethes Tomanović &amp; Kocić sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 2, 3 A – H, 4 A – H</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: • 1 ♀, Argentina, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.81278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.459724" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.81278/lat -34.459724)">sample 85 APHI</a>, 34°27'35"S, 61°48'46"W (Leandro N. Alem County), 29. XI. 2022, collected by Malaise traps in field margin of first-crop soybean, leg. M. Devoto &amp; collabs. Holotype deposited in coll. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ” Bernardino Rivadavia ”, Argentina (MACN - En)  .</p><p>Paratypes: • 1 ♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.617775&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.93778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.617775/lat -33.93778)">sample 540 APHI</a>, Argentina, 33°56'16"S, 59°37'04"W (Baradero County), 28. IV. 2023, collected by Malaise traps in field margin of first-crop soybean, leg. M. Devoto &amp; collabs. (MACN - En) ; •   1 ♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.746387&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.489445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.746387/lat -34.489445)">sample 609 APHI</a>, Argentina, 34°29'22"S, 61°44'47"W (Exaltación de la Cruz County), 04. VIII. 2023, collected by Malaise traps in margin of wheat field, leg. M. Devoto &amp; collabs. (MACN - En) ; •   1 ♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.788334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.482224" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.788334/lat -34.482224)">sample 519 APHI</a>, 34°28'56"S, 61°47'18"W (Leandro N. Alem County), Argentina, 04. V. 2023, collected by Malaise traps in margin of second-crop soybean field, leg. M. Devoto &amp; collabs. (FBUB) ; •   1 ♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.617775&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.93778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.617775/lat -33.93778)">sample 580 APHI</a>, 33°56'16"S, 59°37'04"W (Baradero County), Argentina, 04. V. 2023, collected by Malaise traps in wheat field, leg. M. Devoto &amp; collabs. (NMB) ; •   1 ♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.62833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.921112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.62833/lat -33.921112)">549 APHI</a>, 33°55'16"S, 59°37'42"W (Baradero County), Argentina, 04. VIII. 2023, collected by Malaise traps in wheat field, leg. M. Devoto &amp; collabs. (MACN - En)  .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>By wing venation pattern (M + m-cu vein partly developed under r-m vein) (Fig. 3 H)  Aphidius brethes sp. nov. belongs to subgenus  Lysaphidus .  Aphidius brethes sp. nov. belongs to  Aphidius species group with costulate anterolateral area of petiole like all known  Aphidius species in South America (e. g.  A. matricariae Hal.,  A. rhopalosiphi Luzhetzki,  A. uzbekistanicus De Stefani-Perez), except for  A. ervi Hal. that possesses rugose and  A. avenae Hal.,  A. platensis Brèthes and  A. colemani Viereck that have costate anterolateral area of petiole. New species differs from the mostly known  Lysaphidus species by having 16–17 - segmented antennae (Fig. 3 B), four maxillar palpomeres and two labial palpomeres, while other species have 12–14 segmented antennae and usually three maxillar and two or one labial palpomeres (e. g.  Aphidius arvensis (Starý),  A. erysimi (Starý),  A. adelocarinus Smith,  A. rosaphidis Smith).  Aphidius brethes sp. nov. by 16–17 - segmented antennae and four maxillar and two labial palpomeres morphologically resembles  A. viaticus (Sedlag) (15, 16 - segmented antennae) and  A. ramithyrus Smith (15, 16 - segmented antennae). Moreover, it differs from  A. viaticus on having the proportion between length and width of petiole at spiracles level 2.3–2.4 × (Fig. 3 F), while  A. viaticus possesses 3.0–3.5 petiole proportion. The new species differs from  A. ramithyrus by shorter flagellomere 1 (proportion between length and width of F 1 is 2.6–2.8 × (Fig. 3 C), while in  A. ramithyrus it is 3.0–3.2 ×) and longer petiole (2.3–2.4 × as long as width at spiracles level (Fig. 3 F), while in  A. ramithyrus 2.0–2.2). Furthermore,  Aphidius brethes sp. nov. is mostly yellow colored (Fig. 2), while  A. ramithyrus and  A. viaticus are darker.  Aphidius viaticus parasitizes  Pleotrichophorus glandulosus (Kalt.) aphid associated with  Artemisia plants, while  Aphidius ramithyrus parasitize  Capitophorus spp. aphids. We assume that  A. brethes sp. nov. parasitizes cereal or soybean aphids.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Female (holotype). Length. Body 1.5–1.7 mm; fore wing 1.6 mm; hind wing 1.2 mm.</p><p>Head (Fig. 3 A). Transverse, wider than mesosoma at tegulae. Eyes medium sized, oval, laterally prominent. Face moderately setose. Tentorial index (tentoriocular line / intertentorial line) 0.60–0.65. Clypeus with 8–12 long setae. Labrum distinct, with 7–8 short setae on outer margin. Malar space equal to 0.33–0.38 of longitudinal eye diameter. Mandible bidentate, with 9–10 setae on outer surface. Maxillar palpi with 4 palpomeres, labial palpi with 2 palpomeres. Antenna 16, 17 - segmented, moderately thickened (Fig. 3 B). Pedicel subsphaerical (Fig. 3 C). First flagellomere (F 1) subequal or slightly shorter than second flagellomere (F 2) and 2.6–2.8 × as long as its maximum width (Fig. 3 C). F 1 and F 2 bearing 0–1 and 2–3 longitudinal placodes, respectively (Fig. 3 C). Flagellomeres covered uniformly with semi-erect setae subequal to half of segments diameter.</p><p>Mesosoma. Mesoscutum (Fig. 3 D) smooth, covering pronotum from above. Notaulices not present. Mesoscutum sparsely setose with one row of setae laterally (Fig. 3 D). Scutellum oval, bearing 6–7 long setae. Propodeum areolated with wide central areola, but sometimes missing upper carina (Fig. 3 E). Upper and lower areolae of propodeum with 1–2 and 1–3 long setae on each side. Fore wing (Fig. 3 H) densely pubescent, marginal setae longer than those on surface; pterostigma, 2.9–3.1 × as long as its width, 1.9–2.4 × as long as R 1 vein (= metacarpus).</p><p>Metasoma. Petiole (Fig. 3 F) elongate, dorsally striated at the middle, slightly convex dorsally; its length 2.3–2.4 × its width at spiracles, 1.8–2.0 × its width at the base (Fig. 3 F); 10–12 setae positioned on dorsal posterior part; one long seta posterior to spiracles. Anterolateral area of the petiole with 10–12 costulae. Ovipositor sheath (Fig. 3 G) moderately elongated, wide at base, dorsally slightly convex, narrowed toward tip, apically truncated, bearing two long setae at dorsal margin. Length of ovipositor sheath 1.6–2.0 × its maximum width at base, 2.7–3.0 × its minimum width at tip.</p><p>Coloration. General body color yellow to light brown (Fig. 2). Scapus and pedicel yellow to light brown, annellus yellow, yellow ring at the base of F 1, remaining part of antennae brown. Head light brown, eyes dark. Mouthparts except tips of mandible yellow. Pronotum, mesoscutum and mesopleuron light brown. Propodeum yellow. Legs with yellow coxae and trochanters, remaining parts of legs light brown. Wings hyaline, venation yellowish brown. Petiole yellow, other metasomal terga yellow to light brown, dorsally darker. Ovipositor sheath dark brown.</p><p>Male (Figs 4 A – H). Antenna 17 - segmented (Fig. 4 B). Maxillar palpi with 4 palpomeres, labial palpi with 2 palpomeres. Flagellomeres 1 and 2 shorter than in female, and both 1.9 × as long as wide, each bearing 7–8 longitudinal placodes (Fig. 4 C). Tentorial index approx. 0.43, malar index approx. 0.63. Fore wing venation as in female (Fig. 4 H). Fore wing marginal setae distinctly longer than those on surface; pterostigma widely triangular, 2.8 × as long as its width and 1.9 × as long as R 1 vein (= metacarpus) (Fig. 4 H). Petiole (Fig. 3 F) 2.9 × its width at spiracles. Aedeagus oval (Fig. 4 G) with 10–15 setae laterally. Body slightly darker than in female, head and thorax light brown, antenna brown, mouthparts yellow. Wings slightly transluscent. Legs brown with light yellow patches at ventral and tip of segments. Petiole and propodeum yellow. Coxae and trochanters yellow, remaining parts of legs light brown to brown. Metasoma light brown to brown. Body length: 1.5 mm.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Aphidius brethes sp. nov. was collected in Argentina and currently it is its only known distribution.</p><p>Aphid host.</p><p>Unknown, collected by Malaise traps within field crops.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The new species takes its name by Juan Brèthes, an Argentine scientist, naturalist, entomologist who has described several aphid parasitoid species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/34A05A1F8039590BBC6E4B065C19012B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Tomanović, Željko;Kocić, Korana;Belén Forte, Sofía;Nazareno Lentini, Joel;del Pilar Medialdea, María;Noemí Villar, Camila;Bustos, Analí;Gayan-Quijano, Ana Lia;Peris-Felipo, Francisco Javier;Devoto, Mariano	Tomanović, Željko, Kocić, Korana, Belén Forte, Sofía, Nazareno Lentini, Joel, del Pilar Medialdea, María, Noemí Villar, Camila, Bustos, Analí, Gayan-Quijano, Ana Lia, Peris-Felipo, Francisco Javier, Devoto, Mariano (2025): Two new aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae) from field crops of South America. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 98: 311-324, DOI: 10.3897/jhr.98.144079
C1ACA7638C9B5D93A59C7B8F3576E5E9.text	C1ACA7638C9B5D93A59C7B8F3576E5E9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trioxys pampas Tomanovic & Kocic 2025	<div><p>Trioxys pampas Tomanović &amp; Kocić sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 5 A – H</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: • 1 ♀, Argentina, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.744167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.49167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.744167/lat -34.49167)">sample 122 APHI</a>, 34°29'30"S, 61°44'39"W (Leandro N. Alem County), Argentina, 31. X. 2022, collected by Malaise traps in margin of maize field, leg. M. Devoto &amp; collabs. Holotype deposited in coll. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “ Bernardino Rivadavia ”, Argentina (MACN - En)  .</p><p>Paratypes: • 1 ♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.788334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.482224" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.788334/lat -34.482224)">8 APHI</a>, 34°28'56"S, 61°47'18"W (Leandro N. Alem County), Argentina, 11. XI. 2022, collected by Malaise traps in wheat field, leg. M. Devoto &amp; collabs. (NMB)  .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The new species is distinguishable from its congeners by combination of characters: apical clawlike bristle and two short setae at the tip of prongs (Fig. 5 G), propodeum carinated with irregular carinae, without central areola (Fig. 5 E) and one to two and two to three longitudinal placodes on flagellomere 1 and 2, respectively (Fig. 5 C). We assume that  T. pampas sp. nov. parasitizes cereal aphids. It differs from  T. sunnysidensis Fulbright &amp; Pike, 2007, which attack cereal aphids in North America, Europe and New Zealand, by irregular propodeal areola (regular pentagonal in  T. sunnysidensis) and by an apical clawlike bristle and two short setae at the tip of prongs (two simple bristles in  T. sunnysidensis) (Fulbright et al. 2007).  Trioxys pampas sp. nov. shares irregular propodeal areola and clawlike bristle on the top prongs with  T. californicus Starý &amp; Zuparko, 1995 . However, it easy differentiated from  T. californicus by 11 - segmented antennae ( T. californicus has 13 - segmented antennae) and almost straight prongs ( T. californicus has more curved prongs) (Fulbright et al. 2007). Additionally,  T. californicus parasitizes  Eucallipterus tiliae (L.) on  Tilia cordata (Starý and Zuparko 1995) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Female (holotype). Length. Body 1.3 mm; fore wing 1.2 mm; hind wing 1.0 mm.</p><p>Head. Eye large (Fig. 5 A), parallel sided, only slightly converging toward clypeus; interocular line 0.3 × of the head width; malar space approx. 0.1 of longitudinal eye diameter. Genae densely setose, remaining parts of head sparsely setose (Fig. 5 A). Clypeus narrow, with 6–8 long setae. Tentorial index (tentorio-ocular line / intertentorial line) 0.21. Malar index 0.12. Maxillary palp with 4 palpomeres, labial palp with 2 palpomeres (Fig. 5 A). Mandible monodentate, bearing 6–7 long setae at outer surface. Labrum with two rows of setae with 6 setae at outer margin and three setae at inner part. Antennae (Fig. 5 B) 11 - segmented, moderately thickened, prevailingly with semi-erect setae which are sub-equal to the half of the segments diameter; flagellomere 1 (F 1) 3.10–3.43 × as long as its median width, and with 1–2 longitudinal placodes (Fig. 5 C); flagellomere 2 (F 2) 2.8–3.1 × as long as its median width, with 2–3 longitudinal placodes; F 1 equal to F 2 (Fig. 5 C).</p><p>Mesosoma. Mesoscutum with short notauli distinct anteriorly with 1–2 rows of sparse long setae at each side (Fig. 5 D). Scutellum (Fig. 5 D) sub-triangular, with 4 long setae at each side. Forewing: Pterostigma (Fig. 5 H) triangular, 2.5–2.9 × as long as its width and 1.5–2.0 × as long as R 1 vein; r &amp; RS vein reaching to the middle of R 1 vein in maximum length. Forewing surface densely covered with medium size setae and with long marginal setae (Fig. 5 H). Propodeum (Fig. 5 E) carinated with irregular carinae, without central areola.</p><p>Metasoma. Petiole (Fig. 5 F) short, 1.6–1.7 × as long as wide at spiracles, with a pair of setae on postero-dorsal aspect, and four long lateral setae along the side. Ovipositor sheath (Fig. 5 G) elongate, 3.0 × as long as its maximal width (at base); with a single long and 3–4 short setae on lateral and dorsal aspects. Prongs (Fig. 5 G) almost straight and long with 3 long perpendicular dorsal setae, followed by an apical clawlike bristle and two short setae at the tip.</p><p>Coloration. Head brown, gena, face, clypeus, mouthparts light brown. Pedicel and scapus light brown to brown, annellus yellowish, flagellomere 1 and flagellomere 2 light brown, remaining part of antennae brown. Mesonotum and propodeum light brown, the rest of mesosoma yellow. Legs light brown with yellow trochanters. Petiole yellow to light brown, the rest of metasoma light brown to brown. Ovipositor sheaths and prongs light brown.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Trioxys pampas sp. nov. was collected in Argentina and it is only known species distribution at the moment.</p><p>Aphid host.</p><p>Unknown, collected by Malaise traps within maize field and wheat fields margin.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The new species takes its name by Rolling Pampas of Argentina where was collected.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C1ACA7638C9B5D93A59C7B8F3576E5E9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Tomanović, Željko;Kocić, Korana;Belén Forte, Sofía;Nazareno Lentini, Joel;del Pilar Medialdea, María;Noemí Villar, Camila;Bustos, Analí;Gayan-Quijano, Ana Lia;Peris-Felipo, Francisco Javier;Devoto, Mariano	Tomanović, Željko, Kocić, Korana, Belén Forte, Sofía, Nazareno Lentini, Joel, del Pilar Medialdea, María, Noemí Villar, Camila, Bustos, Analí, Gayan-Quijano, Ana Lia, Peris-Felipo, Francisco Javier, Devoto, Mariano (2025): Two new aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae) from field crops of South America. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 98: 311-324, DOI: 10.3897/jhr.98.144079
