identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
0F048322FFF6DD3BFF7DFF37FC43FADD.text	0F048322FFF6DD3BFF7DFF37FC43FADD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platichthys Lange-Bertalot, Kulikovskiy, Witkowski, Seddon & Kociolek 2015	<div><p>Platichthys Lange-Bertalot, Kulikovskiy, Witkowski, Seddon &amp; Kociolek, gen. nov.</p> <p>LM (Figs 1–18, 39–49): cells solitary. Plastids currently unknown. Frustules lying exclusively in girdle view, linear-elliptical to linear with broadly rounded ends. Between both valves the girdle consists of several barely recognizable copulae. Prominent fibulae, approximately developed as circular structures are apically arranged at some distance below the frustule margins. In straight view the fibulae lie on the same level in both valves. Consequently a “nitzschioid” or “hantzschioid” symmetry classification (i. e. raphe on the same or opposite sides, respectively) becomes obsolete. Valve ends appear slightly rostrate in an appropriately oblique position. Transapical striae, areolae, raphe canals or raphe slit are not discernible, sometimes phase contrast optics allows observation of the central nodule and the apical raphe endings. EM, valve exterior (Figs 19–29, 50–59): the shape of the frustules resembles a flat tongue when the valves are separated from each other, or a cigar when the valves are connected through the girdle bands. The girdle is composed of numerous open, porous copulae. The valve face is steep and compressed laterally to form a narrow keel. Below the keel, around the mid-width, the valve becomes broader. The valve mantle is developed as a very narrow, structureless rim. The raphe runs within a well-separated, structureless axial area with two raphe branches separated by a narrow central nodule. External central raphe endings are relatively simple, slightly expanded, whereas the apical external endings are bent in the same direction. In a hypothetical cross-section of a frustule, the position of both valves is roughly like two hairpins lying opposed with the open ends connected, and the raphe canals are situated at the closed ends. Transapical striae uniseriate, very densely spaced, far beyond the resolution power of LM. The areolae are simple, sometimes, slightly transapically elongate pores. SEM, valve interior (Figs 33–38, 59, 60): internally the fibulae are column-shaped, short and arched. They separate the raphe canal from the major part of the valve lumen (cavity). The fibulae are positioned at some distance from the raphe. As the fibulae are large, usually a few striae merge into one fibula. Wave crests begin at the basis of fibulae while wave troughs continue into the interfibula spaces (portulae). The portulae are very simple and are formed as a result of a slight broadening of the base of the fibulae. Internally, the raphe slit is straight, the two raphe branches are separated by a narrow central nodule, whereas at the apices they terminate in a small helictoglossa. Internally, the areolae are positioned in shallow depressions formed by the virgae.</p> <p>Type:— Platichthys krammeri Lange-Bertalot &amp; Kulikovskiy, sp. nov. (see below).</p> <p>Etymology:—the Greek name of the genus is similar to the scientific name of the flat-fish Platichthys flesus (flounder) and refers to the roughly comparable shape and symmetry of the valve and frustules respectively.</p> <p>Comments: —One salient feature of Platichthys gen. nov. is the stabilization of very thin cell walls by, as seen as alternating wave crests and wave troughs in the SEM, whereas the crests can easily be mistaken for prolongations of the fibulae with LM microscopy. This is known from the “light construction” of the valves of Surirella (Krammer &amp; Lange-Bertalot 2004) and is also observed in Platichthys gen. nov. Striae- and areolae- densities are uncommonly high in comparison with other canal raphe diatom genera, except Entomoneis.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0F048322FFF6DD3BFF7DFF37FC43FADD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lange-Bertalot, Horst;Witkowski, Andrzej;Seddon, Maxim S. Kulikovskiy Alistair W. R.;Kociolek, John P.	Lange-Bertalot, Horst, Witkowski, Andrzej, Seddon, Maxim S. Kulikovskiy Alistair W. R., Kociolek, John P. (2015): Taxonomy, frustular morphology and systematics of Platichthys, a new genus of canal raphe bearing diatoms within the Entomoneidaceae. Phytotaxa 236 (2): 135-149, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.236.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.236.2.3
0F048322FFF6DD3FFF7DFA46FA89FEEF.text	0F048322FFF6DD3FFF7DFA46FA89FEEF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platichthys darwiniana Seddon & Witkowski 2015	<div><p>Platichthys darwiniana Seddon &amp; Witkowski, sp. nov. (Figs 1–38)</p> <p>Frustules in girdle view 23–33 μm long, 7–8 μm broad (Figs 1–13). Valves 4.0–5.5 μm broad, not including copulae. The dorsal valve margins are slightly concave in the middle, becoming convex towards the apices. The ventral valve margin is convex and tapers towards the apices (Figs 14–18). The valve face is compressed laterally to form a narrow keel, the valve surface is steep. The valve mantle is very narrow in the form of structureless band (black arrow in Fig. 26, arrow in Fig. 30). The fibulae are very large, 5.5–7.5 in 10 μm, the two median ones are somewhat wider spaced than the others implying the presence of a central nodule. The striae are not visible in LM (Figs 1–18). The raphe in LM is barely observable, although in LM phase contrast optics both central external and apical endings are detectable. EM: the girdle is composed of a few, open bands perforated with 50–60 pores in 10 μm. The number of rows of pores amounts to ca. 10 for a single copula (Figs 19, 20, 29). The raphe is positioned in a very narrow axial area (Figs 22, 23, 25 and white arrow in Fig. 26), the external central endings are close to each other (arrow in Figs 22 and 23), the apical endings strongly bent in one direction (arrow in Fig. 23, 27, 28). Internally, the raphe is slit-like with internal central raphe endings close to each other and very slightly expanded (arrow in Fig. 36) terminating in a small, double helictoglossa (arrowhead in Fig. 37). Likewise the internal apical raphe endings terminate in a small helictoglossa (Fig. 38). The transapical striae are only measurable on EM images and number 48–61 in 10 μm, whereas the number of areolae within a stria range from 56 to 72 in 10 μm. The striae are composed of straight, uniseriate rows of areolae (arrowheads in Fig. 25). The areolae are in the form of simple poroids (Figs 30–32). Areolar occlusions have not been observed thus far. Internally, the fibulae are massive, column-shaped, short and arched (arrows in Figs 33–35, arrowheads in Fig. 36). They are positioned in a single row at the same height within the valve interior and separate the raphe canal from the valve lumen. The fibulae are positioned at some distance from the raphe (arrowheads in Fig. 26, Figs 33–38). As the fibulae are so large usually a few striae merge into one fibula (cf. Fig. 37). Wave crests begin at the basis of fibulae while wave troughs continue into the portulae (white arrows in Figs 37 and 38). The portulae are very simple and are formed as a result of a slight broadening of the base of the fibulae (Figs 34–38).</p> <p>Type: —GALAPAGOS ISLANDS. Island Isabela: Diablas Lagoon, littoral, a sample from the Late Holocene sediment core, a sample from the Late Holocne sediment core collected in 2005, subsampled by A Seddon, 2007 (holotype: individual in slide no. MCCDRS 7862 at the Charles Darwin Research Station, Puerto Ayora, Galápagos, illustrated in Fig. 4).</p> <p>Etymology: —this species is named in honor of Charles Darwin.</p> <p>Ecology: —so far only found at the type habitat from a lagoon that is changing in salinity from brackish-water to marine close to the inlet of the sea water. The new species occurred abundantly and was very well preserved and associated with brackish-water to marine representatives of Navicula Bory (1822: 128), Amphora Ehrenberg ex Kützing (1844: 107), Fragilaria Lyngbye (1819: 182) sensu lato and Nitzschia. All were benthic, halophilouseuryhaline species, containing genera typifying isolation basins in the littoral zone (Seddon et al. 2011 a, 2014a).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0F048322FFF6DD3FFF7DFA46FA89FEEF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lange-Bertalot, Horst;Witkowski, Andrzej;Seddon, Maxim S. Kulikovskiy Alistair W. R.;Kociolek, John P.	Lange-Bertalot, Horst, Witkowski, Andrzej, Seddon, Maxim S. Kulikovskiy Alistair W. R., Kociolek, John P. (2015): Taxonomy, frustular morphology and systematics of Platichthys, a new genus of canal raphe bearing diatoms within the Entomoneidaceae. Phytotaxa 236 (2): 135-149, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.236.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.236.2.3
0F048322FFF2DD3FFF7DFE59FAE2F993.text	0F048322FFF2DD3FFF7DFE59FAE2F993.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platichthys krammeri Lange-Bertalot & Kulikovskiy 2015	<div><p>Platichthys krammeri Lange-Bertalot &amp; Kulikovskiy, sp. nov. (Figs 39–60)</p> <p>Frustules in girdle view 27–35 μm long, 9–10 μm broad. Valves 3.5–4.0 μm broad, not including copulae (Figs 39–49). The dorsal margins, are straight lightly convex or slightly concave proximally. Fibulae 5.5–7.5 in 10 μm, the two median ones are not (Figs 48, 49) or not distinctly (Figs 40, 41) wider spaced than the others. The occurrence of a central nodule can only be ascertained by observations in SEM (Fig. 59). SEM. The girdle is composed of a few, open perforated copulae (Figs 54, 57, 58). The number of rows of pores in a single copula was not counted. The raphe is positioned in a very narrow axial area (Figs 50–53), the external central endings are simple, point-like, approximate, and the apical endings are strongly hooked (Figs 56, 57, 59). Transapical striae, 60–70 in 10 μm, areolae ca. 80 in 10 μm (Figs 57, 60), areolae occlusions have not been observed thus far. The areolae are arranged in straight uniseriate rows. Fibulae massive, arched, positioned at some distance below the raphe. Similarly to P. darwiniana, internally a few striae merge in one fibula (Fig. 57).</p> <p>Type: — CHILE. Province of Chacabuco: Chacabuco Bano, Andes Mountains, on wet grass in the efflux of the thermal spring, G. H. Schwabe, 1940 (holotype: FR! Individual in SEM stub no. A 77 in coll. Lange-Bertalot, illustrated in Fig. 50. Isotype: KASSEL! slide no. 415 ex collection G.H. Schwabe).</p> <p>Etymology: —this species dedicated to Dr. Kurt Krammer.</p> <p>Ecology: —so far only found at the type location in thermal, freshwater spring. Associated with a rather scarce number of specimens of the new species are: Achnanthes inflata (Kützing) Grunow (1867: 7; basionym Stauroneis inflata Kützing 1844: 105), which is generally found in springs of extra-tropical South America (Lange-Bertalot personal unpublished observations); Caloneis spp., at least three unidentified taxa; Halamphora sp.; Diploneis spp. small and larger sized unidentified forms; Achnanthes exigua Grunow in Cleve &amp; Grunow (1880: 21), with moderately high abundance; Nitzschia linearis (Agardh) W. Smith (1853: 39) or aff. linearis, Nitzschia spp. moderately abundant; Stauroneis sp., naviculoid specimens of an unknown genus, Planothidium sp.</p> <p>Comments: —The new genus is represented by two species that have been discovered and characterized in LM and EM. Though similar in gross morphology, the two species show differences in both LM and EM, which allow them to be distinguished. Although the longitudinal frustule size ranges of both taxa overlap (23–33 μm in P. darwiniana and 27–35 μm in P. krammeri), they differ in the width of frustules and valves, as P. krammeri has broader frustules (9–10 μm), but narrower valves (3.5–4.0) than P. darwiniana (7–8 μm and 4.0–5.5 μm, respectively). Platichthys darwiniana and P. krammeri also differ in ultrastructural characteristics. Whereas the stria density in P. darwiniana is 48–61 in 10 μm, in P. krammeri it is 60–70 in 10 μm. The two species also differ with respect to the areola density within a stria, with 56 to 72 in 10 μm being found in P. darwiniana and ca. 80 in 10 μm in P. krammeri.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0F048322FFF2DD3FFF7DFE59FAE2F993	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lange-Bertalot, Horst;Witkowski, Andrzej;Seddon, Maxim S. Kulikovskiy Alistair W. R.;Kociolek, John P.	Lange-Bertalot, Horst, Witkowski, Andrzej, Seddon, Maxim S. Kulikovskiy Alistair W. R., Kociolek, John P. (2015): Taxonomy, frustular morphology and systematics of Platichthys, a new genus of canal raphe bearing diatoms within the Entomoneidaceae. Phytotaxa 236 (2): 135-149, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.236.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.236.2.3
