identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
0B4687E2E679FFB8FCE5FF60FA54ACDC.text	0B4687E2E679FFB8FCE5FF60FA54ACDC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bacillus subtilis	<div><p>3.1 | B. subtilis isolation and identification</p><p>One isolate was taken from darkbarbel catfish. Physiological and biochemical identification results revealed that the isolate was gram-positive, aerobic bacteria with the same ability to utilize gelatin, trehalose, mannitol, and glucose, and to produce catalase and amylase (Table 2). Despite being able to use gelatin and citrate, it was unable to make indole. The strain could not decompose xylose, mannose, inositol, galactose, and arabinose. The Voges – Proskauer (V-P) test revealed a positive result for this bacterial isolate. The phenotypic characteristics of this isolate matched those of B. subtilis according to Bergey's manual and the Manual for the Identification of Medical Bacteria. These characteristics were also shared by the reference strain B. subtilis 168. Furthermore, a Basic Local Alignment Search Tool examination of the single isolate's 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated strong similarity (98% – 100%) with B. subtilis . According to phylogenetic trees created using the 16S rRNA gene sequences, the single isolate belonged to the same group as the reference strains of B. subtilis (Figure 1). This isolate was thus recognized as B. subtilis based on the behavioral traits and phylogenetic analyses. Overall, it is certain that the isolated bacteria from darkbarbel catfish are members of the B. subtilis species.</p><p>Physiobiochemical indicator Bacillus subtilis 168 Bacillus subtilis</p><p>Gram stain test + +</p><p>Catalase test + +</p><p>Aerobic test + +</p><p>Hydrothion</p><p>Starch hydrolysis test + +</p><p>Methyl red test</p><p>Gelatin liquidized test + +</p><p>Citrate utilization test + +</p><p>Indole production</p><p>Voges – Proskauer test + +</p><p>Arginine dihydrolase</p><p>Lysine decarboxylase</p><p>Ornithine decarboxylase</p><p>Arabinose</p><p>Galactose</p><p>Glucose + +</p><p>Inositol</p><p>Mannitol + +</p><p>Mannose</p><p>Xylose</p><p>Trehalose + +</p><p>Note: “+”indicates positive reaction; “ ”indicates negative reaction.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0B4687E2E679FFB8FCE5FF60FA54ACDC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hou, Tinglong;Tang, Zhengxian;Wang, Zuobo;Li, Chuntao	Hou, Tinglong, Tang, Zhengxian, Wang, Zuobo, Li, Chuntao (2025): Evaluation of the potential probiotic Bacillus subtilis isolated from darkbarbel catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) on growth performance, serum immunity, and disease resistance of Aeromonas hydrophila. Journal of Fish Biology 106 (2): 114-124, DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15925, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.15925
0B4687E2E67EFFBEFCE5FC08FD7FAD05.text	0B4687E2E67EFFBEFCE5FC08FD7FAD05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bacillus subtilis	<div><p>3.5 | Probiotic evaluation of dietary B. subtilis in darkbarbel catfish</p><p>3.5.1 | Growth performance</p><p>3.5.2 | Immunological parameters</p><p>3.5.3 | Immune-related gene expression</p><p>Lipolytic circle diameter (mm) Cellulolytic circle diameter (mm)</p><p>17.75 ± 1.94 23.27 ± 1.42</p><p>Proteolytic circle diameter (mm) Amylolytic circle diameter (mm)</p><p>11.09 ± 1.06 12.46 ± 1.49 supplemented with 0 (T0), 1 10 7 (T1), Initial weight (g)</p><p>Note: Values (mean ± SD, n = 3) with different superscripts in each row are significantly different (p &lt;0.05).</p><p>1 10 8 (T2), and 1 10 9 (T3) CFU/kg of Final weight (g) Bacillus subtilis for 56 days.</p><p>Weight gain rate (%)</p><p>Special growth rate (%)</p><p>Survival rate (%)</p><p>T0 T1 T2 T3</p><p>42.6 ± 2.9a 43.1 ± 1.6a 41.4 ± 2.1a 41.7 ± 2.4a</p><p>62.3 ± 3.5 a 71.2 ± 2.6 b 78.2 ± 2.4 c 79.2 ± 3.2 c 46.47 ± 2.14 a 65.19 ± 6.20 b 89.69 ± 5.14 c 89.92 ± 3.26 c 0.681 ± 0.026 a 0.896 ± 0.067 b 1.143 ± 0.048 c 1.145 ± 0.031 c 98.78 ± 0.09 a 98.61 ± 0.58 a 98.72 ± 0.19 a 98.72 ± 0.25 a</p><p>Note: Values with different letters within the same row indicate significant difference (p &lt;0.05). Weight gain rate (%) (WGR) = [100 (final weight initial weight)/(initial weight)]. Specific growth rate (%) (SGR) = 100 [ln (final mean weight) ln (initial mean weight)]/days.</p><p>supplemented with 0 (T0), 1 10 7 (T1), LZM (U/mL)</p><p>1 10 8 (T2), and 1 10 9 (T3) CFU/kg of SOD (U/mL) Bacillus subtilis for 56 days.</p><p>AKP (U/mL)</p><p>T-AOC (U/mL)</p><p>MDA (nmol/mL)</p><p>T0 T1 T2 T3 47.27 ± 1.82 a 58.65 ± 1.75 b 64.59 ± 1.36 c 69.38 ± 2.14 d 86.15 ± 7.54 a 104.29 ± 5.72 b 118.37 ± 4.68 c 123.98 ± 5.46 d 35.62 ± 3.27 a 43.84 ± 4.18 b 52.93 ± 3.71 c 55.72 ± 5.16 d</p><p>8.92 ± 0.25a 11.56 ± 0.49b 15.46 ± 0.68c 18.15 ± 0.37d</p><p>2.63 ± 0.05a 2.12 ± 0.07b 1.44 ± 0.06c 1.21 ± 0.05d</p><p>Note: Values with different letters within the same row indicate significant difference (p &lt;0.05). Abbreviations: AKP, alkaline phosphatase; LZM, lysozyme; MDA, malondialdehyde; SOD, superoxide dismutase; T-AOC, total antioxidant capacity.</p><p>(transforming growth factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-10, and transforming growth factor-β [TGF-β]). After 56 days, fish on B. subtilis – supplemented diet exhibited lower relative mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-1β compared to controls (p &lt;0.05). In contrast, B. subtilis-fed fish displayed significant increases (p &lt;0.05) in relative mRNA expression levels of IL-10, TGF-β, IgM, and C3 genes.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0B4687E2E67EFFBEFCE5FC08FD7FAD05	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hou, Tinglong;Tang, Zhengxian;Wang, Zuobo;Li, Chuntao	Hou, Tinglong, Tang, Zhengxian, Wang, Zuobo, Li, Chuntao (2025): Evaluation of the potential probiotic Bacillus subtilis isolated from darkbarbel catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) on growth performance, serum immunity, and disease resistance of Aeromonas hydrophila. Journal of Fish Biology 106 (2): 114-124, DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15925, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.15925
