identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
25297B4BA5C3573A8AD757FF9B1B33AE.text	25297B4BA5C3573A8AD757FF9B1B33AE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glaphyrus (Glaphyrus) ciliciensis Ghrejan, Kalashian & Sabatinelli 2026	<div><p>Glaphyrus (Glaphyrus) ciliciensis Ghrejan, Kalashian &amp; Sabatinelli sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 2, 5, 8, 12, 13, 18, 19, 23, 26, 29, 33, 34, 39, 40, 46, 47, 52, 53</p><p>Glaphyrus festivus Ménétriés, 1836: Harold 1869: 434 (pars); Champenois 1903: 139, 146 (pars); Reitter 1903: 128 (pars); Zaitzev 1923: 107, 114 (pars); Baraud 1992: 405, 407 (pars); Nikodým and Bezděk 2006: 100 (pars); Nikodym and Keith 2007: 3 (pars); Nikodým and Bezděk 2016: 95 (pars); Polat A. et al. 2017: 1509 (pars); Ghahari and Nikodým 2018: 1184 (pars).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. Turkey • ♂; Vil [ayet] Karaman; [10 km S Karaman]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.266666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.033333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.266666/lat 37.033333)">Lale</a>; 37°02'N, 33°16E; 1375 m; 11. VI. 2016, G. Sabatinelli leg.; MHNG . Paratypes. Turkey • 12 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ RKEY eses; 4 allotype ♀, same data as for holotype; GSCG • 6 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Vil [ayet] Karaman; 1125 m; 7 km South Karaman; 37°06'N, 33°14'E; 13. VI. 2013; G. Sabatinelli leg.; GSCG • 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Karaman; Hamzazindani; 15. VI. 2015; O. Kochak leg.; GSCG • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Vil [ayet] Karaman; 1110 m; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.116665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.1/lat 37.116665)">Pinarbasi</a>; 37°07'N, 33°06'E; 11. VI. 2013; G. Sabatinelli leg.; GSCG • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Vil [ayet] Konya; 10 km S <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.95/lat 38.0)">Konya</a>; 1030 m; 38°00'N, 33°57'E; 10. VI. 2016; G. Sabatinelli leg.; GSCG • 1 ♂; Mut Yolum; 24. VI. 2015; O. Kocak leg.; GSCG • 1 ♂; Cilicia; Taurus; Zw. Bor und Ciftehan; 8. VI. 1966; GSCG • 2 ♂♂; Nigde; Taspinar, 10. VI. 1966; GSCG • 1 ♀; Karaman; Gokge koyu; 5. VI. 2016; O. Kochak leg.; GSCG • 1 ♀ Karaman; Karadag; May 2011; GSCG • 1 ♂, Aksaray; 06. VI. 1991; G. Minet leg.; MNHN • 3 ♂♂ eKaraman; Derekoy; 17. VI. 2015; O. Kochak leg.; GSCG ; • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Konya; MNHN; • 1 ♂; Tuz Golu; Jiří Hájek leg.; NMPC; GSCG • 1 ♂; Klein Asien; Konia; H. Holzchut; NMPC • 1 ♂; 20 km NNE Konya; Konya National Park; 18. VI. 2009; M. Kalashian leg. MKCY • 2 ♂♂; Gaybi b. [is] Eregli Asia minor; Petrovitz-Ressl leg.; MNCP .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male. Body (Fig. 2) rather large and robust, shiny, dark metallic green, sometimes bluish or violet, rarely nearly black with a fine violet reflection. Length: 14.6–16.9 mm (holotype 15.8), width: 7.1–8.5 mm (holotype 7.7 mm).</p><p>Head (Fig. 18). Anterior margin of clypeus with widely rounded protruding anterior angles and a sharp tooth pointing upwards medially. Integument covered with dense, irregular, rough punctures, and sparse, short, brownish hairs. Frons with similar punctuation, with rather dense and long blackish setae posteriorly. Fronto-clypeal suture somewhat obscured by the sculpture but remains visible. First antennomere large, distinctly incurved, and swollen distally, with dense and long dark hairs and short, thick brownish setae. Second antennomere ~ 3 × shorter, swollen, with dense dark hairs. Antennomeres 3–7 each have a single short, delicate seta, and the antennal club has a single short oblique seta, shorter than the setae on antennomeres 3–7 (Fig. 18). Dorsal margin of mandibles nearly regularly rounded, without a tooth (Fig. 40). Last segment of maxillary palps distinctly narrowed distally, with a truncate apex.</p><p>Pronotum (Figs 12, 19) rather convex, with sides arcuate, moderately convergent anteriorly, and slightly convergent toward obtusely rounded posterior angles. Anterior margin finely bisinuate with sharp angles, featuring a distinctly detached shiny edging. Posterior margin bisinuate with a protruded medial lobe, with shiny edging separated by a distinct deep groove, which is shortly continued forward along the lateral margins. Disc with dense, rough, partly contiguous punctures, though the punctuation is somewhat finer than in Glaphyrus neglectus sp. nov., and the basal “ mirrors ” larger. Integuments without microreticulation, thus appearing rather shiny, covered with dense dark brownish hairs directed mainly laterally and backwards, without glabrous areas. Anterior angles with a brush of dense, short, thick dark brown setae.</p><p>Scutellum small, with small, rather single punctures anteriorly, becoming smoother towards the posterior.</p><p>Elytra moderately convex, with sides widely arcuate and apices rounded but slightly angular. The “ striped ” pattern on the elytra is very faint, with only traces of stripes or single yellowish hairs; a lateral stripe runs from the humeral tubercle, almost reaching the elytral apex. Surface densely punctured medially with rough punctures, while the remaining area with sparse, small, irregular punctures, without microreticulation thus shiny. Integuments with sparse long, irregular, twisted longitudinal wrinkles. Lateral margins with a distinct groove, almost completely obscured apically (Fig. 39). In lateral view, the lateral margins are moderately sinuous (Fig. 8). Apical edge of elytra flattened, without distinct groove, with row of sparse dark, thick, setae (Fig. 39).</p><p>Pygidium and propygidium surfaces covered with dense, short yellowish setae, completely hiding the small and dense punctuate surface.</p><p>Thorax densely punctate with rough punctures and dense, long, curved hairs. On the prosternum, the hairs are mostly dark brown, sometimes mixed with a few yellowish ones, while on the metasternum, they are predominantly yellowish with the pubescence medially sparser and shorter, but denser laterally, sometimes hiding the surface.</p><p>Legs. Protibiae (Fig. 23) with three large lateral teeth, the edge is nearly straight proximally, somewhat uneven. The incision between the two distal teeth is narrowly arcuate. The dorsal surface has a slightly uneven row of punctures bearing long brown hairs and edged with a distinct groove. The row of punctures reaches approximately the level of the incision between the two distal teeth. Mesotibiae (Figs 26, 29) outer edge nearly regularly widely arcuate, with nearly indistinct protrusion near distal 1 / 3 and with an irregular row of wide, flat scale-like setae long the outer margin. Dorsal surface with a row of deep punctures bearing short dark hairs, these punctures are close proximally, scattered distally and reaching approximately the level of the distal 2 / 3 of the tibia. Metafemora (Fig. 33) slightly slenderer than in other sibling species, ~ 1.95 × as long as wide, with an indistinct row of distinct rasp-shaped punctures along the middle, bearing short whitish setae that are longer than in G. neglectus sp. nov.; proximally and distally, this row enlarges into areas with similar punctures, continuing along the anterior and posterior margins of the femur. Between the medial row and the punctate margins, the surface is nearly glabrous, with single small punctures. The large spur of the hind tibia is shorter than the first tarsomere, and the tarsi are rather slender. Trochanter laterally with a narrow tooth (Fig. 34).</p><p>Abdomen integuments with rather small and superficial punctures and long yellowish hairs that somewhat obscure the integument. Fifth ventrite with a distinctly elevated, glabrous, hairless callosity, behind which is present a row of thin, short, erect hairs situated adjacent to a rather wide, also glabrous and hairless, slightly convex stripe separating the callosity from the posterior margin of the ventrite.</p><p>Aedeagus paramere as shown in Fig. 46, and endophallus as shown in Fig. 47.</p><p>Female body (Fig. 5) in average somewhat smaller than in males, length 13.5–15.0 mm, width 6.7–7.8 mm. Punctuation of pronotum sparse and fine, posterior “ mirrors ” nearly equal is in male (Fig. 15). Traces of striped elytral pattern scarcely visible in posterior portion of elytra. Hind legs shorter than in males, femora not enlarged.</p><p>Variability.</p><p>Most of specimens dorsally present more or less bright blue colour, rarely green, sometimes with bluish reflection, sometimes bicolored, with green pronotum and blueish-green elytra or blue pronotum and violet elytra.</p><p>Differential diagnosis.</p><p>Discriminatory characters with sibling species are provided in Table 1.</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Turkey, Karaman province, Lale, 10 km south of Karaman.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>The species has a limited distribution in southern Turkey; it is presently known from the Konya and Karaman provinces (see map in Fig. 43). The reports of G. festivus from Adana Province (Polat et al. 2017) may actually refer to this new species.</p><p>Biological remarks.</p><p>Glaphyrus ciliciensis sp. nov. inhabits open landscapes in the foothills, primarily dry steppes, as well as ruderal biotopes such as abandoned fields and overgrazed areas overgrown with thorny Asteraceae (Fig. 52). The beetles observed (GS) flying in May, with peak activity occurring from mid-June to the end of June, feeding and mating on blooming Onopordum sp. (section Erecta) (Fig. 53).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species is named after the ancient region of Cilicia, which is located in an area roughly corresponding to the range of the new species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/25297B4BA5C3573A8AD757FF9B1B33AE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Ghrejyan, T.;Kalashian, M.;Sabatinelli, G.;Frolov, A.	Ghrejyan, T., Kalashian, M., Sabatinelli, G., Frolov, A. (2026): Glaphyrus festivus Ménétriés, 1836 and related species in Turkey and Armenia (Coleoptera, Glaphyridae). ZooKeys 1269: 1-24, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1269.175618
3D918C879EFC5C289BF07D66FDA746A8.text	3D918C879EFC5C289BF07D66FDA746A8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glaphyrus (Glaphyrus) festivus , Menetries 1836	<div><p>Glaphyrus (Glaphyrus) festivus Ménétriés, 1836</p><p>Figs 1, 4, 7, 10, 11, 16, 17, 22, 25, 28, 31, 32, 37, 38, 44, 45, 51, 55</p><p>Glaphyrus (Glaphyrus) festivus Ménétriés, 1836: 150; Harold 1869: 434 (pars); Champenois 1903: 139, 146 (pars); Reitter 1903: 128 (pars); Baraud 1992: 405, 407 (pars); Nikodým and Bezděk 2006: 100 (pars); Nikodym and Keith 2007: 3 (pars); Nikodým and Bezděk 2016: 95 (pars); Polat A. et al. 2017: 1509 (pars).</p><p>Glaphyrus rufipennis: Nikodým and Bezděk 2006: 100; Nikodým and Bezděk 2016: 95.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Lectotype. Turkey • ♀ Turcia; 241-2 (h); festivus Mén. (h); ZIN (Fig. 4).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Turkey • 1 ♂, Constantinople; MNHN ; • 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Angora; MNHN; 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Asia Minor; ZIN • 1 ♂, Erzurum; ZIN • ♀; “ Turcia ” ZIN . 6 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, [Turkey] Ankara; Golbashi; 18. VI. 1970; MHNG; GSCG • 1 ♂; Angora [Ankara]; Escherich, 1895; GSCG; • 1 ♂, Erzincan; 12. VII. 1972; MNHN; • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Turkei; Nigde; Yesilhisar-Camardi; 07. VI. 1966; Petrovitz leg.; MNHN ; • 1 ♂, Bimbogha Dagh; Escalera leg.; MNHN ; • 8 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; Erzincan prov.; 39°45'N, 40°19'E; 1439 m; 7. VII. 2018; G. Sabatinelli leg.; GSCG • 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Anatolien; Gevas; Karabety Pass; VII. 1987; Heinz leg.; GSCG • 1 ♂; Elazig; 28. VI. 1950; 12 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀, Malatya vil.; Karahan gecidi; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=37.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.483334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 37.8/lat 38.483334)">Kürecik</a>; 1785 m; 38°29'N, 37°48'E; 1785 m; 30. VI. 2000; G. Sabatinelli leg.; GSCG • 16 ♂♂, 11 ♀♀, Malatya prov.; 50 km N. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=37.433334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.666668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 37.433334/lat 38.666668)">Darende</a>; 1195 m; 38°40'N, 37°26'E; 29. VI. 2000; G. Sabatinelli leg.; GSCG • 5 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; Malatya vil.; Resadiye gec.; VI. 2002; Malmusi leg.; GSCG • 1 ♂; Erzincan prov.; Tercan; 1493 m; 7. VII. 2018; G. Sabatinelli leg.; GSCG • 3 ♂, 2 ♀; Sivas vil.; Gürün; Gökpınar; 1465 m; 29. VI. 2000; G. Sabatinelli leg.; GSCG ) • 1 ♂; Malatya; 4.7. 98; Farbiak leg.; NMPC • 1 ♂; Sivas; NMPC • 1 ♂; Anatolia; NMPC • 1 ♀; Asia Minor; NMPC • 2 ♂♂; Asia Minor; Reitter leg.; NMPC • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Anatolia; Korčnsky leg.; NMPC • 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Angora;, V. M. Duchon leg.; NMPC • 1 ♂; Angora; Escherich; 1895; NMPC • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Tuz Golu; J. Hájek leg.; NMPC • 1 ♀; Kayseri; Sultanshah; 1200 m; 15. VI. 62; Guichard &amp; Harvey leg.; NHMUK .</p><p>Re-description.</p><p>Male. Body (Figs 1, 7) rather large and robust, shiny, dark metallic green, sometimes bluish or violet, rarely nearly black with a fine violet reflection. Length: 14.7–16.8 mm, width: 7.2–8.6 mm.</p><p>Head (Fig. 16). Anterior margin of clypeus with widely rounded protruding anterior angles and a sharp tooth pointing upwards medially. Integument covered with dense, irregular, rough punctures, and sparse, short brownish hairs. Frons with similar punctures, with rather dense and long blackish setae posteriorly. Fronto-clypeal suture somewhat obscured by the sculpture but remains visible. First antennomere large, distinctly incurved, and swollen distally, with dense, long dark hairs and short, thick brownish setae. Second antennomere ~ 3 × shorter, swollen, with dense dark hairs. Antennomeres 3–7 each have a single short, delicate seta, and the antennal club has a single short oblique seta, shorter than the setae on antennomeres 3–7 (Fig. 16). Dorsal margin of mandibles nearly regularly rounded, without a tooth (Fig. 38). Last segment of maxillary palps distinctly narrowed distally, with a truncate apex.</p><p>Pronotum (Figs 10, 17) rather convex, with sides arcuate, moderately convergent anteriorly, and very finely sinuate and slightly convergent toward obtusely rounded posterior angles. Anterior margin finely bisinuate with sharp angles, featuring a distinctly detached shiny edging. Posterior margin bisinuate with a protruded medial lobe, with shiny edging separated by a distinct deep groove, which is shortly continued forward along the lateral margins. Disc with dense, rough, partly contiguous punctures, though the punctation is somewhat finer than in Glaphyrus neglectus sp. nov., pair of small, roughly triangular, nearly glabrous areas (“ mirrors ”) larger. Integument without microreticulation, thus appearing rather shiny, covered with dense, dark brownish hairs directed mainly laterally and backwards, without glabrous areas. Anterior angles with a brush of dense, short, thick dark brown setae.</p><p>Scutellum small, with small, rather single punctures anteriorly, becoming smoother posteriorly.</p><p>Elytra moderately convex, with sides widely arcuate and apices rounded but slightly angular. The “ striped ” pattern on the elytra is very faint, with only traces of stripes or single yellowish hairs; a lateral stripe runs from the humeral tubercle, almost reaching the elytral apex. Surface densely punctured medially with rough punctures, while the remaining area with sparse, small, irregular punctures, without microreticulation thus shiny. Integument with sparse long, irregular, twisted longitudinal wrinkles. Lateral margins with a distinct groove, almost completely obscured apically. In lateral view, the lateral margins are distinctly sinuous (Fig. 7). Apical edge of elytra slightly convex, without distinct groove, with row of sparse, dark, thick, setae (Fig. 37).</p><p>Pygidium and propygidium surfaces covered with dense, short yellowish setae, completely hiding the small and dense punctate surface.</p><p>Thorax densely punctate with rough punctures and dense, long, curved hairs. On the prosternum, the hairs are mostly dark brown, sometimes mixed with a few yellowish ones, while on the metasternum, they are predominantly yellowish, with the pubescence medially sparser and shorter, but denser laterally, sometimes hiding the surface.</p><p>Legs. Protibiae (Fig. 22) with three large lateral blunted teeth, the edge proximally is nearly straight, somewhat uneven. The incision between the two distal teeth is narrowly somewhat unevenly arcuate. The dorsal surface has a slightly uneven row of punctures bearing long brown hairs and edged with a rather indistinct groove. The row of punctures reaches approximately the level of the incision between the two distal teeth. Mesotibiae (Figs 25, 28) outer edge nearly regularly widely arcuate, with fine protrusion near distal 1 / 3 and with an irregular row of wide, flat, scale-like setae. Dorsal surface with a row of deep punctures bearing short dark hairs, these punctures close proximally, scattered distally, and reaching approximately the level of the distal 2 / 3 of the tibia. Metafemora (Fig. 31) thick, ~ 1.8 × as long as wide, with an irregular row of distinct rasp-shaped punctures along the middle, bearing short brownish setae; proximally and distally, row enlarges into areas with similar punctures, continuing along the anterior and posterior margins of the femur. Between the medial row and the punctate margins, the surface is nearly glabrous, with single small punctures. The large spur of the hind tibia is shorter than the first tarsomere, and the tarsi are rather slender. Trochanter laterally with a narrow tooth (Fig. 32).</p><p>Abdomen integument with rather small and superficial punctures and long yellowish hairs that somewhat obscure the integument. Fifth ventrite with a distinctly elevated glabrous, hairless callosity, behind which is a row of thin, short, erect hairs situated adjacent to a rather wide, also glabrous and hairless, slightly convex stripe separating the callosity from the posterior margin of the ventrite.</p><p>Aedeagus paramere as shown in Fig. 44, and endophallus as shown in Fig. 45.</p><p>Female. Body (Fig. 4) on average somewhat smaller than in males, length 13.5–15.0 mm, width 6.7–7.8 mm. Punctuation of pronotum somewhat denser but finer than in male, posterior “ mirrors ” somewhat smaller. Traces of striped elytral pattern visible in posterior portion of elytra. Hind legs shorter than in males, femora not enlarged.</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>In the original description of G. festivus the locality is stated as “ environs de Constantinople ” [= Istanbul]. Only one specimen of the species labelled “ Constantinople ” was found among more than 600 examined. It can be assumed that the old populations of this species are extinct.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>The species, as here defined, was found in most of north-western, central, and south-eastern Turkey, with records from the provinces of Ankara, Malatya, Sivas, Kayseri, and Erzincan, and from Istanbul (see map in Fig. 56).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Edouard Ménétriés was the first curator of entomological collections of the Zoological Museum of the Academy of Sciences (now ZIN). In 1830 s, the Academy acquired a collection of insects from Wiedemann, who spent many years in Turkey. Ménétriés examined this material and published a note with short Latin diagnoses of a number of new species including Glaphyrus festivus among five scarab beetles species (Ménétriés 1836). From the diagnosis of G. festivus, it is unclear how many specimens Ménétriés did examine or their sex. However, the indication of the colour variation (“ viridi- aut violaceo-aereus ”) suggests that at least two specimens with different hues were examined. In a latter work (Ménétriés 1839), he repeated the Latin diagnosis of the species and supplemented it with an expanded French description, size range, and a colour illustration, but did not provide any specimen-specific information. In the ZIN collection, there is a series of specimens near the drawer bottom labelled with Ménétriés’ handwriting “ festivus Mén ”. Of these, there are five specimens bearing small labels with 4 - digit numbers, a number from 1 to 5, and additional data “ Turcia ”, “ Asia Minor ”, “ Erivan ”, or “ Ms. Ararat ”. These labels were placed by August Morawitz, who became the curator after Ménétriés had retired. There are no records found explaining what the 4 - digt numbers mean exactly, but apparently it was the first attempt to reorganize and catalogue the collection by Morawitz and the 4 - digit number correspond to a species and the number after a hyphen to a specimen in a series. As Ménétriés did not mention any other regions except for Turkey, it is most probable that the description G. festivus was based the specimen (Fig. 4) which now bears the label “ Turcia 5241 - 2 ”. Also, this specimen was mounted with expanded legs, which is characteristic for early insect collection preparations targeted for public display. Considering that the specimen agrees with Ménétriés’ original description, in size range and locality data, we believe that this specimen should be considered the syntype.</p><p>Considering the revealed complexity of the taxonomic structure of the species formerly referred to as Glaphyrus festivus Ménétriés, 1836, we deemed it necessary to clarify the application of the Ménétriés’ name by designating a lectotype. As the lectotype, we designate a female specimen (Fig. 4), which was most probably that illustrated by Ménétriés (1839: tab. I, fig. 8).</p><p>After the description of Glaphyrus festivus, subsequent authors attributed specimens collected from regions such as “ Asia Minor, ” “ Transcaucasia, ” “ Russian Armenia, ” “ Kurdistan, ” and others to Ménétriés’ species. In particular, the detailed description of G. festivus by Medvedev (1960) was most likely based on specimens of G. neglectus sp. nov. Additionally, Medvedev’s distribution did not even mention west Turkey, from where G. festivus was originally described. Baraud (1992) inexplicably listed “ Arménie (Erivan) ” as the type locality for G. festivus; in fact, all records of G. festivus from Transcaucasia, as well as from northeastern Turkey and northwestern Iran, most likely refer to the newly described G. neglectus sp. nov.</p><p>Biological notes.</p><p>The species inhabits dry steppes and semi-deserts and readily occupies ruderal habitats such as abandoned arable lands and overgrazed slopes, often overgrown with thorny Asteraceae (e. g., Onopordum acanthium, Onopordum cf. armenum, Tragopogon sp., Carduus nutans), where it feeds by burying itself in their inflorescences. The beetles are active from late June to mid-July (Figs 54, 55).</p><p>Variability.</p><p>Most specimens of this species are entirely greenish with a reddish, purplish, or bluish sheen, occasionally exhibiting a darker blue or violet hue. In some rare specimens, the elytra are reddish-brown and a fully black form is extremely rare. The elytra feature distinct longitudinal stripes of short whitish hairs. Discriminatory characters with related species are provided in Table 1.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D918C879EFC5C289BF07D66FDA746A8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Ghrejyan, T.;Kalashian, M.;Sabatinelli, G.;Frolov, A.	Ghrejyan, T., Kalashian, M., Sabatinelli, G., Frolov, A. (2026): Glaphyrus festivus Ménétriés, 1836 and related species in Turkey and Armenia (Coleoptera, Glaphyridae). ZooKeys 1269: 1-24, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1269.175618
F785925940925C1484AB18CC1BE73BD5.text	F785925940925C1484AB18CC1BE73BD5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glaphyrus (Glaphyrus) neglectus Ghrejan, Kalashian & Sabatinelli 2026	<div><p>Glaphyrus (Glaphyrus) neglectus Ghrejan, Kalashian &amp; Sabatinelli sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 3, 6, 9, 14, 15, 20, 21, 24, 27, 30, 35, 36, 41, 42, 48, 49, 50, 51</p><p>Glaphyrus festivus Ménétriés, 1836: Harold 1869: 434 (pars); Champenois 1903: 139, 146 (pars); Reitter 1903: 128 (pars); Zaitzev 1923: 107, 114 (pars); Medvedev 1960: 279 (pars); Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1967: 148 (pars); Baraud 1992: 405, 407 (pars); Nikodým and Bezděk 2006: 100 (pars); Nikodym and Keith 2007: 3 (pars); Nikodým and Bezděk 2016: 95 (pars); Polat et al. 2017: 1509 (pars); Ghahari and Nikodým 2018: 1184 (pars).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. Armenia • ♂, Kotayk prov., Jrvezh, 03. 07. 2017, T. Ghrejyan leg.; IZAY (Fig. 3) . Paratypes. Armenia • 6 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, Eriwan; 1898; Korb; MNHN; • 1 ♂; Mt. Ararat; ZIN; • 1 ♂; Erivan; ZIN; • 1 Erivan; • 1; Jrvezh; 9. VII. 1956; V. Richter; ZIN ; • 2 ♀♀; Pashalu, 40 km N of Nakhichevan; 13. VII. 1934; Ter-Minasian [Cyrillic script] [Armenia, Vayotsdzor prov., Zaritap] ZIN ; • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Khosrov Reserve; 1. VII. 1983; A. Kazyuchits; ZIN ; • 11 ♂♂; 8 ♀♀; same data as for holotype; IZAY; TGCY; • 10 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀; Ararat prov.; near Urcalanj; 05. VIII. 2016; T. Ghrejyan leg.; IZAY; TGCY ; • 6 ♂♂, 1 ♀♀, Arménie; Kotayk; Geghadir; VI. 2017; J. - L. Alpansèque leg.; COMP ; • 30 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀; Kotayk prov.; near Garni; 18. 06. 2014; T. Ghrejyan leg.; IZAY; TGCY ; • 4 ♂♂, Arménie, Kotayk; Garni; 3 km NW; 1480 m; 15. VI. 2019; O. Montreuil leg.; COMP ; • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; TGCY • Vayots Dzor prov.; near Getap; 09. VII. 2017; T. Ghrejyan leg.; TGCY ; • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Arménie; Ararat; Lanjar; 30. VI. 2015; T. Ghrejyan leg; COMP ; • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Ararat prov.; Shaghap; 19. VI. 2023; P. Hubeny leg.; TGCY • 1 ♀; Armenian SSR [Vayotzdzor prov.]; Yeghegnadzor distr.; env. Elpin; 30. VI. 1978; M. Kalashian leg.; MKCY • 2 ♂♂; [Ararat prov.]; “ Khosrov Forest ” reserve; Vedi area; 29. VI. 1978; M. Kalashian leg. (Cyrillic Script) ; • 2 ♂♂; [Ararat prov.]; Urtsadzor; 1989 m; 23.06. [19] 86; S. Bečvář leg. (NMPC) ; • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; [Kotayk prov.]; Garni; 03.07. [19] 82; K. Rataj leg. (NMPC) ; • 2 ♂♂, Chozrovski les; 1200 m. 18.6. 79 O. Brodsky leg. (NMPC) ; • 2 ♂♂; Erivan; Korb [leg.] 1893 (NMPC) . Turkey • 3 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀; Kars vil .. Karakurt env. 28. VI. 1997; M. Malmusi, L. Saltini &amp; L. Padovani leg. (GSCG) ; • 1 ♂; Van prov. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.233334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.316666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.233334/lat 38.316666)">Kiziltas</a>; 1916 m; 38°19'N, 43°14'E; 6. VII. 2018; G. Sabatinelli leg. (GSCG) ; • 6 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀; Van prov. Güzelsu; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.933334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.283333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.933334/lat 28.283333)">Bucagi</a>; 2070 m; 28°17N, 43°56'E; 10. VII. 2018; G. Sabatinelli leg. (GSCG, DCCE) ; • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Van prov.; 2200 m; Kuskum Kiram gec.; 28. VI. 2002; G. Sama leg. (GSCG) ; • 4 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; Van prov.; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.166668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.1" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.166668/lat 39.1)">Yetisen</a>; 1800 m; 39°06'N, 43°10'E; 6. VI. 2018; leg. G. Sabatinelli (GSCG) ; • 8 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Van province, Adilcevaz, 20. 06. 2024, D. Fominykh leg. (AKCM) ; • 18 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, Turquie; Van; Catak; Elmaci; VI. 2005; J. - L. Alpansèque leg.; COMP ; • 1 ♂; vil. Bitlis; Guruymak; 1580 m, 25. VI. 2002, L. Saltini leg. (GSCG) ; • 6 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; Bitlis prov.; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=42.083332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 42.083332/lat 38.55)">Guruymak</a>; 1519 m; 38°33'N, 42°05'E; 9. VII. 2018; G. Sabatinelli leg. (GSCG) ; • 5 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Van prov.; Dönerdere; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.133335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.133335/lat 38.7)">Köyü</a>; 1722 m; 38°42'N, 44°08'E; 12. VII. 2018; G. Sabatinelli leg. (GSCG) ; • 1 ♂; vil. Agri; Patmos; 12. VII. 2016; (GSCG) ; • 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Van prov.; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.383335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.366665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.383335/lat 38.366665)">Kurubas gec.</a>; 2239 m; 38°22'N, 43°23'E; 4. VII. 2018; G. Sabatinelli leg. (GSCG) ; • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Van prov; Kiziltash; 1916 m; 06. VII. 2018; G. Sabatinelli leg. (GSCG) ; • 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Van prov; Guzelsu Bucagi; 2070 m. 10. VII. 2018; G. Sabatinelli leg. (GSCG) ; • 6 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Bitlis prov.; Guroymak 1519 m. 09. 07. 2018; G. Sabatinelli leg. (GSCG) ; • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Kars prov.; Karakurt. 28.06. - 1. 07. 1997 M. Malmusi, L. Saltini &amp; L. Padovani leg. (GSCG) ; • 5 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Mus prov.; Bulgan Gecidi; 40 km NW Mus; 1640 m; 22-23. VI. 99; E. &amp; P. Hajdaj leg. (NMPC) ; • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (MNCP) Bulgan Gecidi; 11. 07. 2009; J. Haryna leg. (MNCP) • 1 ♀; Anatolien; Elbistan / Absin; June 1984 (NMPC) ; • 8 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Turquie; Lac de Van – Rte de Mus; 08. VII. 1959; G. Rémaudière leg.; MNHN ; • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Van golu; Timaz env. 28.06. 93; V. Malý leg (NMPC) ; • 3 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; Van prov.; Ossturkey; Kuzgundiran; 2100 m. 04.07. [19] 35; Richter leg. (NMPC) ; • 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Bitlis prov.; Surphan Dagi; 2500 m; Adilcevaz vil. env. 6. VII. [19] 89; B. Brezina leg. (NMPC) ; • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (NMPC); Bitlis prov.; 20 km NE Tatvan; 1800 m; J. Hájek &amp; J. Hotovy leg. (NMPC) ; 1 ♂, 2 ♀, Bitlis; MNHN; • 2 ♀♀, Turquie; Bitlis; Tatvan; Asagikolbasi; 1500 m; 10. VII. 2003; Staven &amp; Willmer leg.; COMP • 1 ♂, Turquie; Bitlis; Guroymak; 30. VII. 2017; COMP • 1 ♂; Bitlis prov.; Kultzer; 1912 (NMPC); • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (NMPC) Van prov.; • 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Hama Dagh; 2400–3200 m; 03. VIII. 1956; H. de Lesse leg.; MNHN ; • 1 ♂ (NMPC) E. Anat. Gevas; Resadiye; 8. 7. 1973 ; • 1 ♀ (NMPC) Hakkari prov.; Akeali; 35 km S. Hakkari; 1700. m; 21. 06. 2010; W. Grosser leg. (NMPC) ; • 1 ♀ (NMPC) Armenien; Erzerum; Reitter (NMPC) ; • 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Erzerum; MNHN ; • 1 MNTurquie; Erzerum; E. Reitter leg.; COMP • 1 ♀ Amasia (h) / coll. Dr. S. Endrödi (p) / f; MALATYA, 15. VII. [1] 932, leg. V. Aitai (p) / G. festivus Men. (h) det Endrödi (p) / D. C. Carlson collection by trade from: (p) S. Endrödi 1977 (h) (DCCE) ; • 1 ♀ MALATYA, 15. VII. [1] 932, leg. V. Aitai (p) / G. festivus Men. (h) det Endrödi (p) / D. C. Carlson collection by trade from: (p) S. Endrödi 1977 (h) (DCCE) ; • 1 ♂, Trebizonde; MNHN . Iran: • 8 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Iran. Khoi; 1. 07. 1915; Maljushenco [leg.] IZAY, ZIN . [? Azerbaijan, Nakhichevan autonomous republic]. • 1 ♂ (NMPC), Araxesthal, Caucasus Leder, Reitter [as shown in Ghrejyan et al. (2023), this record most probably refers to the environs of Ordubad] . • 1 ♂; same data; ZIN .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male. Body (Fig. 3) rather large and robust, black, rarely with very faint cobalt-bluish, green, or violet reflections; elytra very rarely brown or reddish-brown. Length: 15.6–17.8 mm (holotype 17.4 mm), width: 7.5–9.0 mm (holotype 8.6 mm).</p><p>Head (Fig. 20). Clypeus with widely rounded protruding anterior angles, with a sharp tooth pointing upwards medially. Integument covered with dense, irregular, rough punctures, and sparse, short, brownish hairs. Frons with similar punctuation to clypeus, with rather dense and long blackish setae posteriorly. Fronto-clypeal suture is somewhat obscured by the sculpture but remains visible. First antennomere large, distinctly incurved, and swollen distally, with dense, long dark hairs and short, thick brownish setae. Second antennomere ~ 3 × shorter, swollen, and covered with dense dark hairs. Antennomeres 3–7 with a single short, delicate seta, and the antennal club has a single short, oblique seta, shorter than those on antennomeres 3–7 (Fig. 14). Dorsal margin of mandibles nearly regularly rounded, without tooth (Fig. 42). Last segment of the maxillary palps distinctly narrowed distally, with truncate apex.</p><p>Pronotum (Figs 14, 21) rather convex, with the sides subparallel for approximately the basal two-thirds, leading to obtusely rounded posterior angles, and moderately convergent anteriorly. Anterior margin finely bisinuate with sharp angles and a distinctly detached shiny edging. Posterior margin bisinuate with a protruding medial lobe, and shiny edging separated by a distinct deep groove, which extends slightly forwards along the lateral margins. Disc with dense, rough, partly contiguous punctures; “ mirrors ”) rather small, with a few punctures. Integument without microreticulation thus rather shiny, covered with dense dark brownish hairs, primarily directed laterally and backwards; without hairs in the glabrous portions. Anterior angles with a tuft of dense, short, thick dark brown setae.</p><p>Scutellum small, with fine, somewhat isolated punctures anteriorly, smoother towards the apical part.</p><p>Elytra moderately convex, with widely arcuate sides and apices that are widely separated and slightly angularly rounded. The surface “ striped, ” with each elytron bearing five stripes of more or less dense yellowish setae, partly concealing the surface. Lateral stripe extends from the humeral tubercle but almost does not reach the apex; discal stripes are more or less short and do not reach the elytral base. Integuments between the presutural and second discal stripes covered with dense, rough punctures, while the rest of the surface with sparse, small, and irregular punctures. Lateral margins with a distinct groove that embraces the elytral apices. In lateral view, the margins are only very slightly sinuous (Fig. 9), apical edge of elytra with a clear groove separating convex edge, with row of dense, dark, thick, setae (Fig. 41). Integument without microreticulation, thus rather shiny.</p><p>Pygidium and propygidium. Dense, short yellowish setae, completely concealing the densely micro-punctate surface.</p><p>Thorax with dense, rather rough punctures and long, curve hairs, predominantly dark brown, sometimes mixed with a few yellowish ones. This pubescence is somewhat sparser and shorter medially, while laterally it is denser and sometimes conceals the surface.</p><p>Legs. Protibiae (Fig. 24) with three large lateral teeth; the edge proximal to them nearly straight but somewhat uneven. Incision between the two distal teeth narrowly arcuate; dorsal surface with a slightly uneven row of punctures bearing long brown hairs and edged by a distinct groove; anteriorly, this row reaches approximately to the level of the incision between the two distal teeth. Mesotibiae (Figs 27, 30) with a slightly uneven outer edge, along which runs a somewhat irregular row of wide flat setae with rounded apices, dorsal surface with a row of rather deep punctures bearing short dark hairs; punctures condensed proximally and sparser distally, reaching approximately to the distal 1 / 4 of the tibia. Metafemora (Fig. 35) strongly thickened, ~ 1.75 × as long as wide, with a row of distinct rasp-shaped punctures along the middle, bearing short brown setae; proximally and distally, this row expands into areas with similar punctures, which continue along the anterior and posterior margins of the femur; between the medial row and the punctuated margins, the surface is nearly glabrous, with only a few small punctures; large spur of the hind tibia shorter than the first tarsomere; tarsi rather slender; hind trochanter laterally extended into a narrow tooth (Fig. 36).</p><p>Abdomen with small, superficial punctures and long yellowish hairs, which almost conceal the integuments. Fifth ventrite with a well detached glabrous callosity. Behind that is a row of thin, short erect hairs situated adjacent to a rather wide, also glabrous and hairless, slightly convex stripe that separates the callosity from the posterior margin of the ventrite.</p><p>Aedeagus. Paramere see Fig. 48, endophallus see Fig. 49.</p><p>Female. Body (Fig. 6) length: 14.6–16.4 mm, width: 8.5–9.1 mm. Punctuation on pronotum somewhat sparser and finer than in males, with larger posterior “ mirrors ” (Fig. 15). Striped elytral pattern is more developed than in males, with wider stripes more extended toward the anterior part. Hind legs short, femora not enlarged.</p><p>Variability.</p><p>Variability very limited; almost all specimens are fully black, with only rare specimens with elytra with very faint blue-cobalt or green or with violet reflections. In rare specimens elytra are brown or reddish-brown.</p><p>Differential diagnosis.</p><p>Discriminatory characters with sibling species are provided in Table 1.</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Armenia. Kotayk Province, Jrvezh.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>The species is known from the foothills of the Ararat Plain in Armenia, as well as from Nakhichevan, eastern Turkey, and northwest Iran (see map in Fig. 56).</p><p>Biological notes.</p><p>Glaphyrus neglectus sp. nov. inhabits mountain clayey or stony wormwood semi-deserts, occurring at elevations up to 2100 m. In Armenia, the species is active from mid-June to the end of the second decade of July. Both males and females are frequently observed visiting the inflorescences of various Asteraceae, including Onopordum acanthium, O. armenum, Carthamus turkestanicus, Tomanthea daralaghezica, and several species of Cirsium, Carduus, and Tragopogon (Figs 50, 51).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet is derived from the Latin word neglectus, meaning neglected, to highlight the unexpected status of the new species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F785925940925C1484AB18CC1BE73BD5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Ghrejyan, T.;Kalashian, M.;Sabatinelli, G.;Frolov, A.	Ghrejyan, T., Kalashian, M., Sabatinelli, G., Frolov, A. (2026): Glaphyrus festivus Ménétriés, 1836 and related species in Turkey and Armenia (Coleoptera, Glaphyridae). ZooKeys 1269: 1-24, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1269.175618
