taxonID	type	description	language	source
0664871EB9539F0707FE8B1CD1B53F06.taxon	diagnosis	Philodendron quartziticola is similar to P. spiritus-sancti but differs in having a leaf blade narrowly ovate to lanceolate in outline (vs. lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate) with a posterior divisions: anterior division ratio of 1: 3 (vs. 1: 4 – 1: 6) and a gynoecium with a conspicuous ring-like structure formed by a prolongation of the stigmatic tissue into the stylar region, producing a distinct constriction between the two zones (vs. a gynoecium lacking such prolongation or apical constriction).	en	Magno, Alexandre, Faller, Vagner S., Mortara, Marcos, Calazans, Luana S. B., Sakuragui, Cassia M. (2025): A new species of Philodendron (Araceae) associated with quartzite-derived outcrops in Southeastern Brazil. Phytotaxa 733 (3): 289-300, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.733.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.733.3.3
0664871EB9539F0707FE8B1CD1B53F06.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Domingos Martins, Perobas, 27 January 2024, A. Magno 36 et al. (holotype VIES!).	en	Magno, Alexandre, Faller, Vagner S., Mortara, Marcos, Calazans, Luana S. B., Sakuragui, Cassia M. (2025): A new species of Philodendron (Araceae) associated with quartzite-derived outcrops in Southeastern Brazil. Phytotaxa 733 (3): 289-300, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.733.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.733.3.3
0664871EB9539F0707FE8B1CD1B53F06.taxon	description	Herb perennial, nomadic vine to terrestrial. Internodes 0.9 – 2.4 × 2.6 – 3.5 cm, cylindrical, nut-brown becoming dark green to vinaceous at apex; intravaginal squamules numerous per node, triangular, inconspicuous, deciduous, blackened. Prophyll 22 – 31 cm long, narrowly triangular, deciduous, 2 - keeled, smooth, greenish to vinaceous, with nectaries, drying brown. Petiole 44.8 – 49.5 × 0.5 – 1.1 cm, adaxially flattened with obtuse margins, abaxially rounded, D-shaped, greenish to greenish with vinaceous nuances, covered with vinaceous nectaries, aciculate, drying brown, sheath 7.4 – 9.3 cm long; leaf blade 39.0 – 59.5 × 15.0 – 21.5 cm, lanceolate to narrowly ovate in outline, apex cuspidate to taper-pointed, margin entire, base cordate-sagittate, smooth, glossy green adaxially, vinaceous to light green abaxially, drying membranaceous to chartaceous, light brown, concolor to weakly discolor; anterior division 30.0 – 42.5 cm long, midrib adaxially impressed, light green, abaxially prominent, vinaceous to greenish, drying light brown to dark brown on both faces, primary lateral veins 5 – 9 per side, arising from midrib at 60 – 82 º angle, arcuate to margin, adaxially impressed, drying light to brown, abaxially prominent, drying light brown to brown, secondary veins indistinct, parallel to primary veins, numerous, drying prominent on both faces; posterior divisions 9.0 – 17.0 cm long, 2 – 4 primary acroscopic veins, 1 – 2 primary basioscopic veins, basal ribs denuded for (1.5 –) 2.1 – 4.3 cm. Inflorescence 1 – 3 per floral sympodium; peduncle 4.5 – 8.7 cm long, cylindrical, greenish, smooth; spathe 13.5 – 16.0 × 1.6 – 1.8 cm long, spindleshaped, not constricted in the middle, apex shortly acuminate, closing completely after anthesis, externally greenish, greenish with vinaceous nuances to vinaceous, striated, cylindrical vinaceous nectaries present, internally reddish at the base and cream at the lamina; stipe sessile; spadix 12.8 – 19.0 cm long, slender; fertile male zone 6.3 – 11.3 cm long, cream; intermediate sterile zone 1.5 – 2.0 cm long, cream; female zone 4.5 – 6.2 cm long, adnate to the spathe at least to the basal third, light green; stamens ca. 1.5 mm long, prismatic; intermediate staminodes ca. 2.5 mm long, prismatic; gynoecium 2.0 mm long, gynoecium bottle-kite shaped, with a broadly inflated central region and shallow tapering toward base; overall outline symmetrical, resembling a rounded rhomboid in lateral view; transitions between regions smooth, without abrupt constrictions, presence of a ring-like structure formed by a tissue extension from the stigmatic region into the upper portion of the style, creating a distinct constriction between the stigmatic and stylar regions, ovary (7 –) 8 – 10 - locular, ovules (1 –) 2 – 5 per locule, placentation basal. Berries greenish to yellow when immature., becoming vinaceous at maturity. Seeds not seen.	en	Magno, Alexandre, Faller, Vagner S., Mortara, Marcos, Calazans, Luana S. B., Sakuragui, Cassia M. (2025): A new species of Philodendron (Araceae) associated with quartzite-derived outcrops in Southeastern Brazil. Phytotaxa 733 (3): 289-300, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.733.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.733.3.3
0664871EB9539F0707FE8B1CD1B53F06.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat and ecology: — Philodendron quartziticola occurs in the mountainous Atlantic Forest of Espírito Santo State, Southeastern Brazil, at elevations of 800 – 1100 m, predominantly in fragments of Dense Ombrophilous Forest (Veloso et al. 1991). The species is so far known from three localities, all associated with quartzitic substrates, including saccharoidal quartzite outcrops popularly called “ Morros de Sal ” or “ Areais ” (Moraes & Brotto 2024). These environments form mosaics of coarse, loose, whitish quartzitic patches within a granitic – argillaceous matrix, frequently on slopes or at the base of boulders where drainage is high and organic matter accumulates in pockets (Trovó et al. 2016). Such habitats are ecologically fragile and geologically uncommon, harboring numerous endemic and threatened taxa, including Miconia quartzicola Goldenberg et al. (2022: 2), Pleroma quartzophilum (Brade 1956: 219) P. J. F. Guimarães & Michelangeli in Guimarães et al. (2019: 986) (Melastomataceae), Oleandra quartziticola Schwartsburd & J. Prado in Schwartsburd et al. (2016: 202) (Oleandraceae), Paepalanthus capixaba Trovó et al. (2016: 84), Paepalanthus calvescens Silva & Trovó (2019: 193) (Eriocaulaceae) and Persea quarciticola Moraes & Brotto (2024: 11) (Lauraceae). Within these quartzitic mosaics, P. quartziticola is found in small remnants of native vegetation, often embedded in fragments of Dense Ombrophilous Forest. Individuals were observed growing both terrestrially and as low-climbing hemiepiphytes on Clusia hilariana Schlechtendal (1833: 181) (Clusiaceae) and Eremanthus erythropappus (De Candolle 1839 [1840]: 2) MacLeish (1987: 284) (Asteraceae). The species co-occurs with several threatened plants, such as Anthurium angustifolium Theófilo & Sakuragui in Valadares & Sakuragui (2014: 31) (Araceae), Xylopia brasiliensis Sprengel (1822: 50) (Annonaceae), Vochysia santaluciae M. C. Vianna & Fontella in Vianna & Pereira (2002: 1) (Vochysiaceae), and Euterpe edulis Martius (1824: 33) (Arecaceae). Its life form fits the secondary hemiepiphyte or “ nomadic vine ” strategy (Zotz et al. 2021), starting development in the soil and only occasionally climbing host trees opportunistically. Importantly, individuals are able to reach reproductive maturity directly on the forest floor. Field observations indicate that pollination is mediated by beetles of the genus Cyclocephala Dejean (1821: 57) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) (Fig. 2 C), particularly members of the Valoriosa group, consistent with pollination patterns in other sympatric Philodendron species (Gottsberger & Amaral 1984, Maia et al. 2022). Despite its ecological importance, the habitat of P. quartziticola is under severe anthropogenic pressure. Historical land use as pasture has led to soil compaction, and ongoing activities such as sand mining for construction, road opening, and silviculture of many species of Eucalyptus L’Héritier de Brutelle (1788: 18) continue to degrade the environment (Fig. 4). The spread of exotic grasses such as Melinis minutiflora Paliso’t de Beauvois (1812: 54) (Poaceae) further compromises the integrity of these systems. Even populations within legally protected areas such as the Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN) Águia Branca and the RPPN Kaetés remain vulnerable due to the restricted extent of suitable habitats.	en	Magno, Alexandre, Faller, Vagner S., Mortara, Marcos, Calazans, Luana S. B., Sakuragui, Cassia M. (2025): A new species of Philodendron (Araceae) associated with quartzite-derived outcrops in Southeastern Brazil. Phytotaxa 733 (3): 289-300, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.733.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.733.3.3
0664871EB9539F0707FE8B1CD1B53F06.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: — Philodendron quartziticola is known from a few localities in the montane Atlantic Forest of Espírito Santo State, Southeastern Brazil. Its extent of occurrence (EOO) is estimated at 110.141 km ² and its area of occupancy (AOO) at 16.000 km ² which meet the thresholds for the Endangered (EN) category under criteria B 1 ab (iii) + 2 ab (iii) of the IUCN Red List (IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2019). The species is mostly found in forest fragments growing on quartzitic sands, which are geologically rare and ecologically fragile environments, subject to erosion, sand extraction for civil construction and road paving, and land conversion (Brade 1956, Trovó et al. 2016, Goldenberg et al. 2022). While some of the known records are located within protected areas such as RPPN Kaetés and RPPN Águia Branca, most localities are exposed to habitat loss driven by agriculture, silviculture, and urban expansion (Fraga et al. 2019). The species also resembles P. spiritus-sancti and other taxa of the informal ‘ Santa Leopoldina complex’, all of which share narrow and elongate leaf blades, vinaceous pigmentation in some vegetative structures, and a similar distribution in the montane regions of Espírito Santo, traits that confer high ornamental value and may render them susceptible to illegal collection (Gonçalves & Salviani 2001, Calazans et al. 2024, Magno & Calazans 2025). Although there is no direct evidence of extraction, the combination of a narrow distribution, ecological specificity, and persistent anthropogenic threats supports our proposal to treat the species as Endangered and highlights the urgency for conservation efforts.	en	Magno, Alexandre, Faller, Vagner S., Mortara, Marcos, Calazans, Luana S. B., Sakuragui, Cassia M. (2025): A new species of Philodendron (Araceae) associated with quartzite-derived outcrops in Southeastern Brazil. Phytotaxa 733 (3): 289-300, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.733.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.733.3.3
0664871EB9539F0707FE8B1CD1B53F06.taxon	etymology	Eponymy: — The specific epithet “ quartziticola ” alludes to the frequent association of this species with quartzitic substrate, which represent a characteristic habitat within its known range.	en	Magno, Alexandre, Faller, Vagner S., Mortara, Marcos, Calazans, Luana S. B., Sakuragui, Cassia M. (2025): A new species of Philodendron (Araceae) associated with quartzite-derived outcrops in Southeastern Brazil. Phytotaxa 733 (3): 289-300, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.733.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.733.3.3
0664871EB9539F0707FE8B1CD1B53F06.taxon	biology_ecology	Phenology: — Collected in flower from September to December and in fruit from January to July.	en	Magno, Alexandre, Faller, Vagner S., Mortara, Marcos, Calazans, Luana S. B., Sakuragui, Cassia M. (2025): A new species of Philodendron (Araceae) associated with quartzite-derived outcrops in Southeastern Brazil. Phytotaxa 733 (3): 289-300, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.733.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.733.3.3
0664871EB9539F0707FE8B1CD1B53F06.taxon	materials_examined	Paratypes: — BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Domingos Martins, Perobas, 28 January 2024, A. Magno et al. 50 (VIES!). Alfredo Chaves, Urânia, 04 May 2023, A. Magno et al. 12 (VIES!). Vargem Alta, Alto Castelinho, RPPN Kaetés, M. Mortara et al. 29 (RB!); loc. cit., estrada de acesso à Caetés, M. Mortara et al. 83 (RB!).	en	Magno, Alexandre, Faller, Vagner S., Mortara, Marcos, Calazans, Luana S. B., Sakuragui, Cassia M. (2025): A new species of Philodendron (Araceae) associated with quartzite-derived outcrops in Southeastern Brazil. Phytotaxa 733 (3): 289-300, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.733.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.733.3.3
0664871EB9539F0707FE8B1CD1B53F06.taxon	discussion	Notes: — The newly described Philodendron quartziticola belongs to a morphologically cohesive group within Philodendron section Macrobelium characterized by elongate, sagittate to cordate-sagittate leaves and vinaceous nectaries. This group includes P. neglectum, P. spiritus-sancti, P. tenuispadix Gonçalves (2002: 19), and P. vargealtense Sakuragui (2001: 104), all restricted to the Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil. Despite superficial similarities, these species differ in growth habit, foliar proportions, and reproductive structures (Table 1). Ecologically, the new species differs markedly from P. spiritus-sancti, which grows as a primary hemiepiphyte (sensu Zotz et al. 2021), typically reaching heights of up to 20 m on host trees. Plants are usually connected to the soil through exceptionally elongated aerial roots. Seedlings and young individuals of P. spiritus-sancti are seldom observed in the wild, indicating that seed germination probably occurs predominantly in canopy habitats, with aerial roots subsequently extending towards the ground (Gonçalves & Salviani 2001). In contrast, P. quartziticola initiates its life cycle terrestrially, germinating directly in the soil, with young individuals frequently observed at ground level (Fig. 3 A). It may subsequently climb short distances up nearby trees; however, it never reaches the forest canopy and may attain reproductive maturity entirely as a terrestrial plant, without climbing. Thus, P. quartziticola conforms to the secondary hemiepiphyte or nomadic vine growth habit (sensu Zotz et al. 2021). Morphologically, P. spiritus-sancti has narrowly lanceolate leaf blades (vs. lanceolate to narrowly ovate in outline in P. quartziticola) with a posterior divisions: anterior division ratio of 1: 4 – 1: 6 (vs. 1: 3) (Fig. 6 A, E). These values are proportionally larger than those of P. spiritus-sancti, which generally has narrower blades and smaller lobes. Leaf proportions in the new species tend to be more robust, with posterior lobes frequently representing 30 – 40 % of total blade length. Reproductive morphology is also distinctive. The gynoecium bears a noticeable ring-like structure formed by a stigmatic tissue prolongation into the stylar region, creating a visible constriction between the two zones. This feature contrasts with P. spiritus-sanctii, which has a gynoecium lacking any such prolongation or apical constriction (Fig. 6 D, H). It should be noted that some collections of Philodendron quartziticola were erroneously assigned to P. tenuispadix. This misidentification occurred because the earliest collections of the new species were made when the reproductive structures were at an advanced fruiting stage, which precluded the observation that the apical sterile zone is absent (vs. apical sterile zone present in P. tenuispadix). Moreover, P. tenuispadix itself is poorly known, being represented exclusively by type material. Subsequent detailed analyses and additional collections of the new species during anthesis confirmed that it is morphologically more closely related to P. spiritus-sancti.	en	Magno, Alexandre, Faller, Vagner S., Mortara, Marcos, Calazans, Luana S. B., Sakuragui, Cassia M. (2025): A new species of Philodendron (Araceae) associated with quartzite-derived outcrops in Southeastern Brazil. Phytotaxa 733 (3): 289-300, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.733.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.733.3.3
