identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
E4FED922E7DC505BAE8EBD440773810A.text	E4FED922E7DC505BAE8EBD440773810A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Brachypodus Deng & Zheng & Gong & Zhou 2026	<div><p>Brachypodus gen. nov.</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Brachypodus quadratus sp. nov., China (Yunnan Province).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Brachypodus is a combination of Latin words brachy - (short) and poda (leg), indicating the relatively short nymphal tibiae and tarsi of the type species. The specific name quadratus means the subquadrate shape of fore- and midfemora of nymphs.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Nymph: body length around 10.0 mm, pronotum extended laterally into distinct semicircular lobes (Fig. 1 A, B); posterior margin of head capsule straight, anterior margin of head capsule not thickened, with tiny hair-like setae (Fig. 1 C, D); length of labrum ca 3.0 × its width (Fig. 2 A); superlinguae of hypopharynx extended into round lobe (Fig. 2 B); mouthparts light coloured (Fig. 2 A – G); distal dentiseta of maxillae single, proximal dentiseta distally bifurcate (Fig. 3 A, B); ventral surface of galea-lacinia with scattered simple hair-like setae (Fig. 3 C); femora of fore- and midlegs expanded and nearly quadrate-shaped, tibiae of all legs distinctly shorter than femora; combined length of tibiae and tarsi in foreleg and midleg slightly longer than femora, combined length of tibiae and tarsi in hindleg shorter than femora (Fig. 4 A – C); transparent oval spatulate setae on dorsal face of femora (Fig. 4 D); claws blunt (Fig. 4 E); gills I – VI with a membranous lamella and a fibrilliform lamella, membranous lamella of gill I leaf-like and distinctly shorter than fibrilliform lamella (Fig. 4 F), gills II – VI with oval membranous lamella, fibrilliform filaments lamella of gills II – VI progressively shorter posteriorly (Fig. 4 G – H); gill VII with oval membranous lamella only (Fig. 4 I); supracoxal projection indistinct (Fig. 4 J); posterolateral angles of terga V – IX extended into sharp projections (Fig. 4 K); caudal filaments with spines on articulations (Fig. 4 L).</p><p>Imago: body length 11.0–12.0 mm in males, slightly longer in females (Fig. 5 A – C); compound eyes of male not contiguous, distance between them subequal to width of median ocellus (Fig. 6 A); mesothoracic furcasternum divergent anteriorly (Fig. 6 C); crossveins of wings well developed and irregularly distributed, all of them pigmented deep brown to black; 18 crossveins present between Sc and R 1, more than 20 between C and Sc, mostly in stigma aera (Fig. 6 D); legs light brownish with dark markings (Fig. 6 E – G), length of foretarsi ca 1.5 × foretibiae, length of tarsomere I ca 0.85 × tarsomere II in foreleg (Fig. 6 E); length of hindtarsi ca 1.5 × hindtibiae (Fig. 6 G); two penes almost fused, with small median titillators (Fig. 6 H, I); posterior margin of female sternum VII extended into semi-circular lobe (Fig. 6 J).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Brachypodus gen. nov. has scattered setae on ventral surface of maxillae and three caudal filaments in nymphs, median depression of mesothoracic furcasternum with anterior divergence in adults. Those three key characters indicate it is a member of the subfamily Ecdyonurinae, which is also supported by its general morphology of nymphal mouthparts and male genitalia (Webb and McCafferty 2008).</p><p>Among genera of Ecdyonurinae, Brachypodus gen. nov. has at least three autapomorphies: (1) legs of nymphs short, tibiae of all legs shorter than femora, femora of fore- and midlegs strong and subquadrate (Fig. 4 A – C); (2) membranous lamellae of gills I leaf-shaped and distinctly shorter than fibrilliform part (ca 0.6 ×), gills VII oval and without fibrilliform filament (Fig. 4 F, I); (3) in male imagos, tarsomere I of foreleg ca 0.85 × tarsomere II, hindtarsi longer than hindtibiae (Fig. 6 E, G).</p><p>Comparison.</p><p>Brachypodus gen. nov. shares several similar characters with the genus Thalerosphyrus Eaton, 1881, such as laterally expanded pronotum, projected posterolateral angles of abdominal segments V – IX, and spine-whorls on caudal filaments in nymphs, relatively longer hindtarsi and fused penes in male adults. However, the two genera can be separated by supracoxal projections (invisible in Brachypodus gen. nov., distinct in Thalerosphyrus), apex of superlinguae of hypopharynx (blunt in Brachypodus gen. nov., acute in Thalerosphyrus), posterior margin of head capsule (straight in Brachypodus gen. nov., concave in Thalerosphyrus), and imaginal hindtarsi (longer than hindtibiae in Brachypodus gen. nov., while shorter in Thalerosphyrus). Their gills are also different (Eaton 1881; Webb and McCafferty 2008).</p><p>Brachypodus gen. nov. resembles the widespread genus Afronurus Lestage, 1924 in (1) mouthparts; (2) spine on caudal filaments; (3) supracoxal projections (indistinct or round). However, they can be differentiated by projected posterolateral angles of abdominal sternum V – IX (larger in Brachypodus gen. nov.), male penes (fused in Brachypodus gen. nov., while apically separated in Afronurus) and titillators (very small in Brachypodus gen. nov., distinct and separated or vestigial in Afronurus) (Lestage 1924; Webb and McCafferty 2008).</p><p>Brachypodus gen. nov. is similar to the genus Parafronurus in colour patterns on body and wings, shape of mouthparts, and fused penes. But the latter genus has hair-like setae on caudal filaments and shorter imaginal hindtarsi (Zhou and Braasch 2003; Webb and McCafferty 2008).</p><p>Brachypodus gen. nov. can be separated from Regulaneuria by irregular crossveins on wings (Lei et al. 2021); from Compsoneuria Eaton, 1881 and Compsoneuriella Ulmer, 1939 by having more crossveins on wings (especially in the costal regions) and the relatively longer tarsomere I of foreleg (Eaton 1881; Ulmer 1939; Webb and McCafferty 2008; Sartori 2014); from Maculogenia by distinctly different gills I and VII (Gong et al. 2022); from Atopopus Eaton, 1881 by the absence of pigments on hindwings (Eaton 1881; Webb and McCafferty 2008); from Asionurus Braasch &amp; Soldán, 1986 by oval gills VII (Braasch and Soldán 1986; Webb and McCafferty 2008); from Ecdyonurus Eaton, 1868 by the absence of projected lobes at posterolateral angles of pronotum (Eaton 1868; Webb and McCafferty 2008).</p><p>The key differences of nymphs between the new genus Brachypodus gen. nov. and other related genera are listed in Table 2.</p><p>Molecular distance</p><p>Based on the similarity of nymphal morphological characteristics, we chose seven genera ( Afronurus, Asionurus, Atopopus, Compsoneuria, Ecdyonurus, Parafronurus, and Thalerosphyrus) with sequences available in GenBank for molecular analysis. Two sequences of different species were selected from each genus (Table 1). Genetic distances between these species and Brachypodus quadratus sp. nov. were calculated using MEGA 11. The average distance between the selected species and the new species is 24.4 %, with a range of 22.5 % to 26.3 % (Table 3). Given that the average distance amongst the chosen genera is 22.0 %, the sequence of T. vietnamensis that is most similar to Brachypodus quadratus sp. nov. has a 22.5 % (K 2 P) genetic distance from the new species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E4FED922E7DC505BAE8EBD440773810A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Deng, Muhe;Zheng, Xuhongyi;Gong, Dewen;Zhou, Changfa	Deng, Muhe, Zheng, Xuhongyi, Gong, Dewen, Zhou, Changfa (2026): A new hygropetric genus of Heptageniidae from southern China (Insecta, Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1269: 67-82, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1269.177719
E47F3899B4765C8BA6A483B2E3D79715.text	E47F3899B4765C8BA6A483B2E3D79715.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Brachypodus quadratus Deng & Zheng & Gong & Zhou 2026	<div><p>Brachypodus quadratus sp. nov.</p><p>Materials examined.</p><p>Holotype: China • male imagos; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.40517&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.226166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.40517/lat 26.226166)">Bajiao River</a>, Lushui, Nujiang, Yunnan Prov; alt. 1130 m; 26°13.57'N, 99°24.31'E; 3. IV. 2025; D. W. Gong, X. H. Y. Zheng leg.; NJNUMayfly 110101 ; Paratypes: China • 26 nymphs; same data as the holotype; NJNUMayfly 110102; 7 male imagos, 2 female imagos, 4 male subimagos (all adults reared from mature nymphs); same data as the holotype; NJNUMayfly 110103 .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Mature nymph (in alcohol, Figs 1, 2, 3, 4): body length 9.5–10.5 mm, caudal filaments 10.0–12.0 mm, body generally light yellowish, with brown stripes and spots (Fig. 1 A).</p><p>Head: width 3.0–4.0 mm; antennae half width of head capsule; generally brown, marginal area and vertex pale; three pale patches on anterior half of head, one median, two beside compound eyes (Fig. 1 C).</p><p>Mouthparts: labrum ca 2 / 3 width of anterior margin of head capsule, lateral portion extended into curved lobe, anterior margin slightly concave; both dorsal and ventral surface with dense, hair-like setae, an additional spine-like setae at median notch (Fig. 2 A). Lingua bell-shaped, lateral margins of superlinguae strongly concave; apical margins of lingua and superlinguae with a row of fine, hair-like setae (Fig. 2 B). Apical margins of segment II of labial palpi with dense, hair-brush; glossae and paraglossae with dense, hair-like setae on dorsal surface and apical margins; glossae subcircular; paraglossae expanded into long heart-like shape (Fig. 2 C). Both mandibles with dense, hair-like setae on outer margin; prostheses consist of 7–8 bristles, upper margin near molar with a row of hair-like setae (Fig. 2 D, E); both outer and inner incisors of left mandible with three apical denticles (Fig. 2 D); outer incisor with three apical denticles, inner one with two of right mandible (Fig. 2 E). Maxilla with 18–20 comb-like setae on crown; segment I: segment II of maxillary palpi = 1: 1.6, segment I distinctly wider than segment II; outer margins of maxillary palpi with hair-like setae, setae on segment II longer and denser than on segment I; segment II apex with a row of brush-like setae (Fig. 2 F).</p><p>Thorax: pronotum expanding laterally, slightly wider than head capsule (Fig. 1 A). Colour pattern of three legs similar: femur with one bigger median pale patch and additional three others, apex of tibia pale, apex of tarsus darker than other parts (Fig. 4 A – C). Apical half of fore- and midfemora slightly expanded (Fig. 4 A, B). All legs with similar setal pattern: femur with strong, hair-like setae on outer margin; tiny spatulate setae on dorsal surface (Fig. 4 D); tibiae with tiny, sparse, spine-like setae and hair-like setae on anterior, posterior, and dorsal margins; tarsus with tiny, spine-like setae on inner margin and tiny, hair-like setae on surface, denser on apical margin (Fig. 4 A – C); claw with three subapical denticles and a basal one (Fig. 4 E). Length ratio of forefemur: tibia: tarsus ca 10.0: 9.0: 3.5 (Fig. 4 A); that ratio of midleg ca 8.3: 7.3: 2.5 (Fig. 4 B); ratio of hindleg ca 13.0: 11.0: 3.0 (Fig. 4 C).</p><p>Abdomen: terga dark brown to light yellow, terga II – III, VI – VII usually darker than others; each tergum with three pairs of pale dots: submedian pair, posterior one and anterolateral one (Fig. 1 A). Both dorsal and ventral lamellae of gills with clear dark tracheae; dorsal lamellae of gill I leaf-shaped, others oval (Fig. 4 F – I). Terminal filament subequal to cerci, all of them with spine whorls on articulations (Fig. 4 L).</p><p>Male imago (in alcohol, Figs 5, 6): body length 11.0–12.0 mm, forewing 11.0–12.0 mm, hindwing 2.5–3.0 mm, caudal filaments 20.0–22.0 mm. Compound eyes divided into grey upper half and black lower half.</p><p>Thorax: mesonotum deep reddish brown (Fig. 6 A, B). Forewings transparent, only areas between C and R 1 pale yellow with light brown stigma. C, Sc, R 1 yellow, crossveins between them distinct, similar to crossveins between R 1 and Rs. Other veins dark brown. Hindwings transparent, crossveins with brown pigments (Fig. 6 D). Legs yellow to pale yellow; femora with medial brown band; apexes of femora, tibiae, and every tarsal segment brown (Fig. 6 E – G). Length ratio of forefemur: tibia: tarsus = 1.0: 1.0: 2.0, tarsal segments from base to apex = 2.6: 3.1: 2.8: 2.0: 1.0 (Fig. 6 E); length ratio of midleg is femur: tibia: tarsus = 1.5: 1.0: 1.6, length of tarsomere I&gt; II&gt; III&gt; V&gt; IV (Fig. 6 F); Length ratio of hindfemur: tibia: tarsus = 3.6: 2.8: 2.9, length of tarsomere I – V ca 1: 0.7: 0.4: 0.3: 0.5 (Fig. 6 G).</p><p>Abdomen: terga I – IX with a thin, pale, longitudinal midline; posterior margins of them with brown transverse bands. Terga pale to yellowish, with two pairs of brown to black stripes: one sub-medial straight pair and an oblique pair; tergum X generally reddish brown to black. Sterna pale but with grey to black median longitudinal stripe (Fig. 6 A). Genitalia grey to brown; forceps with two pale apical segments; penes with a shallow, V-shaped medial notch (Fig. 6 H, I).</p><p>Female imago (in alcohol, Figs 5, 6): body length 12.0–13.0 mm, forewing 12.5–13.5 mm, hindwing 4.0– 4.5 mm, caudal filaments 21.5–22.5 mm. Body colour pattern similar to male, but slightly darker, abdominal markings more distinct. Forewings and hindwings semitransparent, veins clear (Fig. 5 B). Length ratio of forefemur: tibia: tarsus = 1.0: 0.7: 1.0, length ratio of tarsomere I – V ca 2.0: 1.5: 1.2: 0.2: 1.0; length ratio of midfemur: tibia: tarsus = 1.3: 1.0: 1.1, length ratio of tarsomere I – V ca 1.0: 0.9: 0.7: 0.5: 0.3. Length ratio of hindfemur: tibia: tarsus = 3.8: 1.3: 1.0, length ratio of tarsomere I – V ca 1.0: 0.7: 0.5: 0.3: 0.7. Posterior margin of subgenital plate smoothly convex, posterior margin of anal plate with median notch, bottom of notch straight (Fig. 6 J).</p><p>Male subimago (in alcohol, Fig. 5 C): body length 9.5–10.5 mm, forewing 11.0–12.0 mm, hindwing 2.5–3.5 mm, caudal filaments 17.0–18.0 mm. Body brown, with indistinct patterns on abdomen terga. Length ratio of femur: tibia: tarsus ca 1.8: 1.0: 1.7 in foreleg, 1.4: 1.0: 1.1 in midleg, 1.7: 1.1: 1.0 in hindleg; length ratio of tarsomere I – V ca 1.5: 1.5: 1.5: 1.3: 1.0 in foreleg, 2.0: 1.3: 1.1: 0.7: 1.0 in midleg, hindleg tarsomere I&gt; II&gt; V&gt; III&gt; IV.</p><p>Egg (Fig. 7): 145.0–147.0 µm in length and 101.0–103.0 µm in width. Irregularly shaped; chorion with dense, small KCTs (knob-terminated coiled threads).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>The nymphs were found on moist rock surfaces beneath a small waterfall, as well as on the damp surrounding ground (Fig. 8). The nymphs are highly agile and swiftly retreat when disturbed. We sampled several streams connected to the waterfall but did not find the species in any of them, which suggests a specific adaptation to special habitats such as thin water films and wet rock faces.</p><p>A rearing cage was positioned directly under the waterfall, maintaining conditions of high humidity and minimal water flow inside. Several mature nymphs were introduced into the cage, and subimagos emerged in the following days. The subimago stage lasted approximately 36 h.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E47F3899B4765C8BA6A483B2E3D79715	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Deng, Muhe;Zheng, Xuhongyi;Gong, Dewen;Zhou, Changfa	Deng, Muhe, Zheng, Xuhongyi, Gong, Dewen, Zhou, Changfa (2026): A new hygropetric genus of Heptageniidae from southern China (Insecta, Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 1269: 67-82, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1269.177719
