identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
6C9175608FFC5D2DB993C66BBFF0EA16.text	6C9175608FFC5D2DB993C66BBFF0EA16.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ischnothyreus bawangling Tong & Li 2026	<div><p>Ischnothyreus bawangling Tong &amp; Li sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1, 2, 16 A, 17 A, I, 18 A – C, 20 A – D</p><p>Common name.</p><p>Bawangling Weak-spotted Spider (霸王岭弱斑蛛).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: China • ♂ (SYNU -F-1687); Hainan, Changjiang Li Autonomous County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.17776&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.09779" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.17776/lat 19.09779)">Bawangling National Natural Reserve</a>; 19°05'52.04"N, 109°10'39.94"E, 1007 ± 16 m elev.; 11. IV. 2012; Chen leg. Paratypes: China • 1 ♂ (SYNU -F-1686); same data as holotype • 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (SYNU -2000 –2001); same data as holotype .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The new species is similar to I. falcatus Tong &amp; Li, 2008 in the morphology of the palpal bulb but can be distinguished by the smoothly curved thorn-like process on the male chelicerae (vs sickle-shaped; cf. Figs 16 A, 17 A, 17 I and Tong and Li 2008: fig. 2 E), the dorsal scutum occupying approximately 4 / 5 of the abdomen length (vs 2 / 3; cf. Fig. 1 A and Tong and Li 2008: fig. 2 A), and the simple winding duct (vs complex; cf. Fig. 2 I and Tong and Li 2008: fig. 2 G).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (holotype). Body: habitus as in Fig. 1 A, C, E; body length 1.42. Carapace: 0.73 long, 0.62 wide; yellow, broadly oval in dorsal view, with egg-shaped patches behind eyes, pars cephalica strongly elevated in lateral view, surface of elevated portion of pars cephalica smooth, sides finely reticulate (Fig. 1 B, F). Clypeus: straight in frontal view, ALE separated from edge of carapace by 0.8 × of their diameter (Fig. 1 G). Eyes: six, well developed, ALE largest, ALE circular, PLE oval, PME squared; posterior eye row procurved from above; ALE touching, PME – PLE touching, ALE – PLE touching (Fig. 1 B, G). Sternum: heart-shaped, longer than wide, pale yellow, surface smooth, sparse setae (Fig. 1 D). Mouthparts: chelicerae, endites and labium yellow; chelicerae straight, anterior face with thorn-like process (tlp), base of fangs with slightly sclerotized process (ssp), fang groove with a few small and one larger denticles (Figs 1 G, 16 A, 17 A, 17 I); anteromedian tip of endites with one strong, tooth-like projection (stp) (Fig. 1 D). Abdomen: 0.74 long, 0.44 wide; dorsal scutum well sclerotized, yellow, covering 2 / 3 of abdomen width and approximately 4 / 5 of abdomen length; epigastric scutum, pale yellow, fused to postgastric scutum; postgastric scutum covering 2 / 3 of abdomen length (Fig. 1 A, C, E). Legs: pale yellow, leg spines longer than segment width, spine formula: femora: I p 0-1 - 1; II p 0-0 - 1; tibiae: I, II p 2-1 - 1; r 2-1 - 1; metatarsi: I, II p 1-1 - 0; r 1-1 - 0. Legs III and IV spineless. Palp: dark reddish brown, trochanter with ventral projection (vp); bulb with two ventral protuberances (vpr), distal end of bulb stout, with large ventral lobe (vl), dorsal membrane (dm) and retrolateral lobe (rl) (Figs 18 A – C, 20 A – D).</p><p>Female (paratype, SYNU -2001). Same as male except as noted. Body: habitus as in Fig. 2 A – C; body length 1.75. Carapace: 0.76 long, 0.62 wide (Fig. 2 E). Mouthparts: chelicerae and endites unmodified (Fig. 2 F, G). Abdomen: 0.97 long, 0.66 wide; dorsal scutum covering ½ of abdomen width and approximately ½ of abdomen length; epigastric scutum well sclerotized, yellow, not fused to postgastric scutum. Endogyne: with bell-shaped structure (bss); winding duct (wd) simple; apodemes (a) present (Fig. 2 H, I).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Known only from the type locality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6C9175608FFC5D2DB993C66BBFF0EA16	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Shi, Songlu;Bian, Dongju;Tong, Yanfeng;Li, Shuqiang	Shi, Songlu, Bian, Dongju, Tong, Yanfeng, Li, Shuqiang (2026): Eight new species of the genus Ischnothyreus Simon, 1893 (Araneae, Oonopidae) from Hainan Island, China. ZooKeys 1286: 153-185, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1286.201862
965D2A522D4A56969EE597D01ABC4019.text	965D2A522D4A56969EE597D01ABC4019.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ischnothyreus diaoluoshan Tong & Li 2026	<div><p>Ischnothyreus diaoluoshan Tong &amp; Li sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 3, 4, 16 B, 17 B, 18 D – F, 20 E – H</p><p>Common name.</p><p>Diaoluoshan Weak-spotted Spider (吊罗山弱斑蛛).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: China • ♂ (SYNU -F-2457); Hainan, Lingshui Li Autonomous County, Benhao Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.871216&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.725912" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.871216/lat 18.725912)">Diaoluoshan National Natural Reserve</a>; 18°43'33.28"N, 109°52'16.36"E, 937 ± 16 m elev.; 4. IV. 2012; Chen leg. Paratypes: China • 1 ♀ (SYNU -F-2458); same data as holotype • 2 ♀ (SYNU -F-2459 –2460); same data as holotype • 1 ♂ 3 ♀ (SYNU -F-2464 –2467); same data as holotype • 1 ♀ (SYNU -F-2461); 18°43'45.66"N, 109°51'52.92"E, 1000 ± 22 m elev.; 3. IV. 2012; Tong leg; other data same as holotype • 1 ♀ (SYNU -F-2472); same data as above • 2 ♀ (SYNU -F-2462 –2463); 18°43'39.83"N, 109°51'11.52"E, 1008 ± 23 m elev.; 5. IV. 2012; other data same as holotype .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The new species is similar to I. jianfengling sp. nov. and I. kentingensis Tong &amp; Li, 2014 in the cone-shaped structure of endogyne but can be distinguished from I. jianfengling by the needle-shaped dorsal membrane of male palp (vs finger-shaped; cf. Fig. 20 H and Fig. 21 H) and the smaller cone-shaped structure, which occupies 1 / 5 of the distance between apodemes (vs 1 / 3; cf. Fig. 4 D and Fig. 8 D). It can be distinguished from I. kentingensis by the unmodified male chelicerae (vs with two strong, thorn-like processes; cf. Fig. 16 B and Tong and Li 2014: fig. 1 H) and the cone-shaped structure occupying 1 / 5 of the distance between apodemes (vs 3 / 4; cf. Fig. 4 D and Tong and Li 2014: fig. 2 G, J).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (holotype). Body: habitus as in Fig. 3 A, C, E; body length 1.19. Carapace: 0.64 long, 0.51 wide; yellowish brown, oval in dorsal view, with egg-shaped patches behind eyes, pars cephalica strongly elevated in lateral view, surface of elevated portion of pars cephalica smooth, sides finely reticulate (Fig. 3 B, F). Clypeus: straight in frontal view, ALE separated from edge of carapace by 0.8 × of their diameter (Fig. 3 G). Eyes: six, well developed, ALE largest, ALE circular, PLE oval, PME squared; posterior eye row procurved from above; ALE touching, PME – PLE touching, ALE – PLE touching (Fig. 3 B, G). Sternum: longer than wide, yellow, surface smooth, sparse setae (Fig. 3 D). Mouthparts: chelicerae, endites and labium yellow; chelicerae straight, base of fangs with slightly sclerotized process (ssp), fang groove with a few small denticles (Figs 16 B, 17 B); anteromedian tip of endites with one strong, tooth-like projection (stp) (Fig. 3 D). Abdomen: 0.62 long, 0.37 wide; dorsal scutum well sclerotized, yellowish brown, covering 4 / 5 of abdomen width and approximately 3 / 4 of abdomen length, fused to epigastric scutum (Fig. 3 I); epigastric scutum, yellow, fused to postgastric scutum; postgastric scutum covering 2 / 3 of abdomen length (Fig. 3 H). Legs: yellow, leg spines longer than segment width, spine formula: femora: I p 0-1 - 1; II p 0-0 - 1; tibiae: I, II p 2-1 - 1; r 2-1 - 1; metatarsi: I, II p 1-1 - 0; r 1-1 - 0. Legs III and IV spineless. Palp: dark reddish brown, trochanter with ventral projection; bulb with two ventral protuberances, distal end of bulb stout, with large ventral lobe (vl), needle-like dorsal membrane (dm) and retrolateral lobe (rl) (Figs 18 D – F, 20 E – H).</p><p>Female (paratype, SYNU -F-2458). Same as male except as noted. Body: habitus as in Fig. 4 A – C; body length 1.51. Carapace: 0.68 long, 0.53 wide (Fig. 4 E). Mouthparts: chelicerae and endites unmodified (Fig. 4 F). Abdomen: 0.85 long, 0.55 wide; dorsal scutum covering 1 / 2 of abdomen width and approximately 2 / 3 of abdomen length; epigastric scutum well sclerotized, yellowish brown, not fused to postgastric scutum (Fig. 4 D). Endogyne: with cone-shaped structure (css); winding duct (wd) strongly convoluted; apodemes (a) present (Fig. 4 H, I).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Known only from the type locality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/965D2A522D4A56969EE597D01ABC4019	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Shi, Songlu;Bian, Dongju;Tong, Yanfeng;Li, Shuqiang	Shi, Songlu, Bian, Dongju, Tong, Yanfeng, Li, Shuqiang (2026): Eight new species of the genus Ischnothyreus Simon, 1893 (Araneae, Oonopidae) from Hainan Island, China. ZooKeys 1286: 153-185, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1286.201862
579E37DFE0BF58ADB30861B9CC45EFF9.text	579E37DFE0BF58ADB30861B9CC45EFF9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ischnothyreus hongxin Tong & Li 2026	<div><p>Ischnothyreus hongxin Tong &amp; Li sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 5, 6, 16 C, 17 C, 18 G – I, 21 A – D</p><p>Common name.</p><p>Hongxin Weak-spotted Spider (红新弱斑蛛).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: China • ♂ (SYNU -F-1519); Hainan, Baisha Li Autonomous County, Yuanmen Town, Yinggeling National Natural Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.529205&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.071852" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.529205/lat 19.071852)">Hongxin Vill.</a>; 19°04'18.66"N, 109°31'45.12"E, 571 ± 23 m elev.; 27. III. 2012; Chen leg. Paratypes: China • 1 ♀ (SYNU -F-1520); same data as holotype • 1 ♀ (SYNU -F-1518); 19°04'15.24"N, 109°31'26.69"E, 511 ± 24 m elev.; 26. III. 2012; other data same as holotype .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The new species is similar to I. campanaceus Tong &amp; Li, 2008 in the bell-shaped structure of endogyne but can be distinguished by the dorsal abdominal scutum covers approximately 2 / 3 of the abdomen length (vs nearly entirely abdominal length; cf. Figs 5 A, 6 A and Tong and Li 2008: fig. 1 A, B), the slightly sclerotized process of base of fangs (vs large, crown-like; cf. Figs 16 C, 17 C and Tong and Li 2008: fig. 1 D), and the ear-like dorsal membrane of palpal bulb (vs absent; cf. Figs 18 G, 21 D and Tong and Li 2008: fig. 1 G).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (holotype). Body: habitus as in Fig. 5 A, C, E; body length 1.52. Carapace: 0.73 long, 0.59 wide; yellow, oval in dorsal view, with egg-shaped patches behind eyes, pars cephalica strongly elevated in lateral view, surface of elevated portion of pars cephalica smooth, sides finely reticulate (Fig. 5 B, F). Clypeus: straight in frontal view, ALE separated from edge of carapace by 1.0 × of their diameter (Fig. 5 H). Eyes: six, well developed, ALE largest, ALE circular, PLE oval, PME squared; posterior eye row procurved from above; ALE touching, PME – PLE touching, ALE – PLE touching (Fig. 5 B, H). Sternum: heart-shaped, longer than wide, yellow, surface smooth, sparse setae (Fig. 5 D). Mouthparts: chelicerae, endites and labium yellow; chelicerae straight, anterior face with a thick hair (th), base of fangs with slightly sclerotized process (ssp), fang groove with a few small and one larger denticles (Figs 5 H, 16 C, 17 C); anteromedian tip of endites with one strong, tooth-like projection (stp) (Fig. 5 D). Abdomen: 0.82 long, 0.49 wide; dorsal scutum well sclerotized, yellow, covering 1 / 2 of abdomen width and approximately 2 / 3 of abdomen length; epigastric scutum, yellow, fused to postgastric scutum; postgastric scutum covering 2 / 3 of abdomen length (Fig. 5 G). Legs: yellow, leg spines longer than segment width, spine formula: femora: I p 0-1 - 1; II p 0-0 - 1; tibiae: I, II p 2-1 - 1; r 2-1 - 1; metatarsi: I, II p 1-1 - 0; r 1-1 - 0. Legs III and IV spineless. Palp: dark reddish brown, trochanter with ventral projection; bulb with two ventral protuberances, distal end of bulb stout, with leaf-like ventral lobe (vl), ear-like dorsal membrane (dm) and retrolateral lobe (rl) (Figs 18 G – I, 21 A – D).</p><p>Female (paratype, SYNU -F-1520). Same as male except as noted. Body: habitus as in Fig. 6 A – C; body length 1.74. Carapace: 0.74 long, 0.63 wide (Fig. 6 E). Mouthparts: chelicerae and endites unmodified (Fig. 6 F). Abdomen: 1.18 long, 0.66 wide; dorsal scutum covering 1 / 2 of abdomen width and approximately 1 / 2 of abdomen length; epigastric scutum well sclerotized, yellow, not fused to postgastric scutum (Fig. 6 D). Endogyne: with bell-shaped structure (bss); winding duct (wd) simple; apodemes (a) present (Fig. 6 H, I).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Known only from the type locality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/579E37DFE0BF58ADB30861B9CC45EFF9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Shi, Songlu;Bian, Dongju;Tong, Yanfeng;Li, Shuqiang	Shi, Songlu, Bian, Dongju, Tong, Yanfeng, Li, Shuqiang (2026): Eight new species of the genus Ischnothyreus Simon, 1893 (Araneae, Oonopidae) from Hainan Island, China. ZooKeys 1286: 153-185, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1286.201862
2CCC7A41AC7156469D24CC4C18A98D96.text	2CCC7A41AC7156469D24CC4C18A98D96.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ischnothyreus jianfengling Tong & Li 2026	<div><p>Ischnothyreus jianfengling Tong &amp; Li sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 7, 8, 16 D, 17 D, 18 J – L, 21 E – H</p><p>Common name.</p><p>Jianfengling Weak-spotted Spider (尖峰岭弱斑蛛).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: China • ♂ (SYNU -1997); Hainan, Ledong Li Autonomous County, Jianfeng Town, Jianfengling National Forest Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.86695&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.7388" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.86695/lat 18.7388)">Tianchi Lake</a>; 18°44'19.68"N, 109°52'01.02"E, 871 ± 18 m elev.; 7. IV. 2012; Chen leg. Paratypes: China • 2 ♀ (SYNU -1998 –1999); same data as holotype • 3 ♂ 6 ♀ (SYNU -F-2434 –2442); same data as holotype • 1 ♂ 3 ♀ (SYNU -F-2446 –2450); same data as holotype • 1 ♀ (SYNU -F-2454); same data as holotype • 1 ♀ (SYNU -F-2455); same data as holotype • 2 ♂ (SYNU -F-2444 –2445); 18°44'31.31"N, 109°52'07.82"E, 816 ± 40 m elev.; 6. IV. 2012; other data same as holotype • 2 ♀ (SYNU -F-2452 –2453); same data as above .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The new species is similar to I. diaoluoshan sp. nov. and I. kentingensis Tong &amp; Li, 2014 in the cone-shaped structure of endogyne but can be distinguished from I. diaoluoshan by the finger-shaped dorsal membrane of male palp (vs needle-shaped; cf. Fig. 21 H and Fig. 20 H) and the cone-shaped structure, which occupies 1 / 3 of the distance between apodemes (vs 1 / 5; cf. Fig. 8 D and Fig. 4 D). It can be distinguished from I. kentingensis by the unmodified male chelicerae (vs with two strong, thorn-like processes; cf. Fig. 16 D and Tong and Li 2014: fig. 1 H) and the cone-shaped structure occupying 1 / 3 of the distance between apodemes (vs 3 / 4; cf. Fig. 8 D and Tong and Li 2014: fig. 2 G, J).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (holotype). Body: habitus as in Fig. 7 A, C, E; body length 1.19. Carapace: 0.65 long, 0.53 wide; brown, oval in dorsal view, with egg-shaped patches behind eyes, pars cephalica strongly elevated in lateral view, surface of elevated portion of pars cephalica smooth, sides strongly reticulate (Fig. 7 B, F). Clypeus: straight in frontal view, ALE separated from edge of carapace by 0.7 × of their diameter (Fig. 7 H). Eyes: ALE largest, ALE circular, PLE oval, PME squared; posterior eye row straight from above; ALE touching, PME – PLE touching, ALE – PLE touching (Fig. 7 B, H). Sternum: longer than wide, yellow, surface smooth, sparse setae (Fig. 7 D). Mouthparts: chelicerae, endites and labium yellow; chelicerae straight, base of fangs with slightly sclerotized process (ssp), fang groove with a few small and one larger denticles (Figs 16 D, 17 D); anteromedian tip of endites with one strong, tooth-like projection (stp) (Fig. 7 D). Abdomen: 0.62 long, 0.35 wide; dorsal scutum well sclerotized, yellowish brown, covering almost all of abdomen width and approximately 7 / 8 of abdomen length; epigastric scutum, yellow, fused to postgastric scutum; postgastric scutum covering 5 / 6 of abdomen length (Fig. 7 A, C, E, G). Legs: yellow, leg spines longer than segment width, spine formula: femora: I p 0-1 - 1; II p 0-0 - 1; tibiae: I, II p 2-1 - 1; r 2-1 - 1; metatarsi: I, II p 1-1 - 0; r 1-1 - 0. Legs III and IV spineless. Palp: dark reddish brown, trochanter with ventral projection; bulb with two ventral protuberances, distal end of bulb stout, with ventral lobe (vl), finger-like dorsal membrane (dm) and retrolateral lobe (rl) (Figs 18 J – L, 21 E – H).</p><p>Female (paratype, SYNU -1998). Same as male except as noted. Body: habitus as in Fig. 8 A – C; body length 1.38. Carapace: 0.61 long, 0.52 wide (Fig. 8 E). Mouthparts: chelicerae and endites unmodified (Fig. 8 F). Abdomen: 0.85 long, 0.51 wide; dorsal scutum covering 1 / 2 of abdomen width and approximately 3 / 4 of abdomen length; epigastric scutum well sclerotized, yellow, not fused to postgastric scutum (Fig. 8 D). Endogyne: with cone-shaped structure (css); winding duct (wd) strongly convoluted; apodemes (a) present (Fig. 8 H, I).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Known only from the type locality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2CCC7A41AC7156469D24CC4C18A98D96	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Shi, Songlu;Bian, Dongju;Tong, Yanfeng;Li, Shuqiang	Shi, Songlu, Bian, Dongju, Tong, Yanfeng, Li, Shuqiang (2026): Eight new species of the genus Ischnothyreus Simon, 1893 (Araneae, Oonopidae) from Hainan Island, China. ZooKeys 1286: 153-185, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1286.201862
4188250BFA705BAD86F11523D2808B53.text	4188250BFA705BAD86F11523D2808B53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ischnothyreus limuling Tong & Li 2026	<div><p>Ischnothyreus limuling Tong &amp; Li sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 9, 10, 16 E, 17 E, 19 A – C, 22 A – D</p><p>Common name.</p><p>Limuling Weak-spotted Spider (黎母岭弱斑蛛).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: China • ♂ (SYNU -F-2531); Hainan, Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County, Limushan Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.7285&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.200031" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.7285/lat 19.200031)">Limushan National Natural Reserve, Yinhe Protection Station</a>; 19°12'00.11"N, 109°43'42.60"E, 591 ± 7 m elev.; 25. III. 2012; Chen leg. Paratypes: China • 1 ♂ (SYNU -F-2523); same data as holotype • 1 ♀ (SYNU -F-2532); same data as holotype • 3 ♀ (SYNU -F-2528 –2530); 19°12'24.73"N, 109°44'12.41"E, 596 ± 10 m elev.; 24. III. 2012; other data same as holotype .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The new species is similar to I. campanaceus Tong &amp; Li, 2008 in the bell-shaped structure of endogyne but can be distinguished by the dorsal abdominal scutum, which covers approximately 1 / 2 of abdomen length (vs nearly entirely abdominal length; cf. Figs 9 A, 10 A and Tong and Li 2008: fig. 1 A, B) and the dorsal abdominal scutum of male fused to the epigastric scutum (vs unfused; cf. Fig. 9 I and Tong and Li 2008: fig. 1 A).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (holotype). Body: habitus as in Fig. 9 A, C, E; body length 1.38. Carapace: 0.76 long, 0.61 wide; brown, oval in dorsal view, with egg-shaped patches behind eyes, pars cephalica strongly elevated in lateral view, surface of elevated portion of pars cephalica smooth, sides finely reticulate (Fig. 9 B, F). Clypeus: straight in frontal view, ALE separated from edge of carapace by 1.1 × of their diameter (Fig. 9 G). Eyes: six, well developed, ALE largest, ALE circular, PLE oval, PME squared; posterior eye row procurved from above; ALE touching, PME – PLE touching, ALE – PLE touching (Fig. 9 B, G). Sternum: heart-shaped, as long as wide, yellowish brown, surface smooth, sparse setae (Fig. 9 D). Mouthparts: chelicerae, endites and labium yellowish brown; chelicerae straight, base of fangs with slightly sclerotized process (ssp), fang groove with a few small and one larger denticles (Figs 16 E, 17 E); anteromedian tip of endites with one strong, tooth-like projection (stp) (Fig. 9 D). Abdomen: 0.73 long, 0.41 wide; dorsal scutum well sclerotized, yellowish brown, covering 1 / 2 of abdomen width and approximately 1 / 2 of abdomen length, fused to epigastric scutum (Fig. 9 A, I); epigastric scutum, yellow, fused to postgastric scutum; postgastric scutum covering 3 / 5 of abdomen length (Fig. 9 H). Legs: yellow, leg spines longer than segment width, spine formula: femora: I p 0-1 - 1; II p 0-0 - 1; tibiae: I, II p 2-1 - 1; r 2-1 - 1; metatarsi: I, II p 1-1 - 0; r 1-1 - 0. Legs III and IV spineless. Palp: trochanter with ventral projection; bulb with two ventral protuberances, distal end of bulb stout, with leaf-like ventral lobe (vl), ear-like dorsal membrane (dm) and retrolateral lobe (rl) (Figs 19 A – C, 22 A – D).</p><p>Female (paratype, SYNU -F-2532). Same as male except as noted. Body: habitus as in Fig. 10 A – C; body length 1.60. Carapace: 0.68 long, 0.59 wide (Fig. 10 E). Mouthparts: chelicerae and endites unmodified (Fig. 10 F). Abdomen: 0.98 long, 0.65 wide; dorsal scutum covering 1 / 3 of abdomen width and approximately 1 / 2 of abdomen length; epigastric scutum well sclerotized, yellowish brown, not fused to postgastric scutum (Fig. 10 D). Endogyne: with bell-shaped structure (bss); winding duct (wd) strongly convoluted; apodemes (a) present (Fig. 10 H, I).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Known only from the type locality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4188250BFA705BAD86F11523D2808B53	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Shi, Songlu;Bian, Dongju;Tong, Yanfeng;Li, Shuqiang	Shi, Songlu, Bian, Dongju, Tong, Yanfeng, Li, Shuqiang (2026): Eight new species of the genus Ischnothyreus Simon, 1893 (Araneae, Oonopidae) from Hainan Island, China. ZooKeys 1286: 153-185, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1286.201862
ECEE72CBCECC53A9A15371F8D1915534.text	ECEE72CBCECC53A9A15371F8D1915534.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ischnothyreus liudao Tong & Li 2026	<div><p>Ischnothyreus liudao Tong &amp; Li sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 11, 12, 16 F, 17 F, J, 19 D – F, 22 E – H</p><p>Common name.</p><p>Liudao Weak-spotted Spider (六道弱斑蛛).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: China • ♂ (SYNU -F-2490); Hainan, Sanya City, Jiyang Dist., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.562416&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.209583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.562416/lat 18.209583)">Liudao Vill.</a>, hill near the seaside; 18°12'34.50"N, 109°33'44.70"E, 17 ± 11 m elev.; 16. IV. 2012; Tong leg. Paratypes: China • 2 ♀ (SYNU -F-2491 –2492): same data as holotype • 9 ♂ 2 ♀ (SYNU -2493 –2503): same data as holotype .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The new species is similar to I. spineus Tong &amp; Li, 2012 in the thorn-like process of male chelicerae but can be distinguished by the dorsal abdominal scutum covers approximately 2 / 3 of the abdomen length (vs 4 / 5; cf. Figs 11 A, 12 A and Tong and Li 2012: figs 3 A, 4 A), the palpal bulb has a large ventral lobe (vs absent; cf. Figs 19 D, 22 G, 22 H and Tong and Li 2012: figs 3 I, 5 B), and the endogyne possesses a cone-shaped structure (vs lacking, instead having a semicircular depression; cf. Fig. 12 D and Tong and Li 2012: fig. 4 G).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (holotype). Body: habitus as in Fig. 11 A, C, E; body length 1.36. Carapace: 0.67 long, 0.55 wide; light yellow, oval in dorsal view, with egg-shaped patches behind eyes, pars cephalica strongly elevated in lateral view, surface of elevated portion of pars cephalica smooth, sides finely reticulate (Fig. 11 B, F). Clypeus: straight in frontal view, ALE separated from edge of carapace by 0.8 × of their diameter (Fig. 11 H). Eyes: six, well developed, ALE largest, ALE circular, PLE oval, PME squared; posterior eye row procurved from above; ALE touching, PME – PLE touching, ALE – PLE touching (Fig. 11 B, H). Sternum: heart-shaped, as long as wide, pale yellow, surface smooth, sparse setae (Fig. 11 D). Mouthparts: chelicerae, endites and labium yellow; chelicerae straight, anterior face with thorn-like process (tlp) on large hair base (lhb), base of fangs with slightly sclerotized process (ssp), fang groove with a few small denticles (Figs 16 F, 17 F); anteromedian tip of endites with one strong, tooth-like projection (stp) (Fig. 11 D). Abdomen: 0.63 long, 0.40 wide; dorsal scutum well sclerotized, pale yellow, covering 1 / 2 of abdomen width and approximately 2 / 3 of abdomen length; epigastric scutum, pale yellow, fused to postgastric scutum; postgastric scutum covering 3 / 5 of abdomen length (Fig. 11 G). Legs: pale yellow, leg spines longer than segment width, spine formula: femora: I p 0-1 - 1; II p 0-0 - 1; tibiae: I, II p 2-1 - 1; r 2-1 - 1; metatarsi: I, II p 1-1 - 0; r 1-1 - 0. Legs III and IV spineless. Palp: dark reddish brown, trochanter with ventral projection; bulb with two ventral protuberances, distal end of bulb stout, with large ventral lobe (vl), dorsal membrane (dm) and retrolateral lobe (rl) (Figs 19 D – F, 22 E – H).</p><p>Female (paratype, SYNU -F-2492). Same as male except as noted. Body: habitus as in Fig. 12 A – C; body length 1.45. Carapace: 0.66 long, 0.56 wide (Fig. 12 E). Mouthparts: chelicerae and endites unmodified (Fig. 12 F). Abdomen: 0.86 long, 0.59 wide; dorsal scutum covering 1 / 2 of abdomen width and approximately 1 / 2 of abdomen length; epigastric scutum well sclerotized, pale yellow, not fused to postgastric scutum (Fig. 12 A – D). Endogyne: with cone-shaped structure (css); winding duct (wd) strongly convoluted; apodemes (a) present (Fig. 12 H, I).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Known only from the type locality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/ECEE72CBCECC53A9A15371F8D1915534	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Shi, Songlu;Bian, Dongju;Tong, Yanfeng;Li, Shuqiang	Shi, Songlu, Bian, Dongju, Tong, Yanfeng, Li, Shuqiang (2026): Eight new species of the genus Ischnothyreus Simon, 1893 (Araneae, Oonopidae) from Hainan Island, China. ZooKeys 1286: 153-185, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1286.201862
556379373EBC5BB98E30D8BBDCE0536C.text	556379373EBC5BB98E30D8BBDCE0536C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ischnothyreus luobidong Tong & Li 2026	<div><p>Ischnothyreus luobidong Tong &amp; Li sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 13, 14, 16 G, 17 G, 19 G – I, 23 A – D</p><p>Common name.</p><p>Luobidong Weak-spotted Spider (落笔洞弱斑蛛).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: China • ♂ (SYNU -F-2515); Hainan, Sanya City, Jiyang Dist., Lizhigou Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.54911&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.33175" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.54911/lat 18.33175)">Luobi Cave</a>; 18°19'54.30"N, 109°32'56.80"E, 46 ± 16 m elev.; 17. IV. 2012; Chen leg. Paratypes: China • 2 ♂ 2 ♀ (SYNU -2516 –2519); same data as holotype • 2 ♂ 1 ♀ (SYNU -2520 –2522); same data as holotype .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The new species is similar to I. matang Kranz-Baltensperger, 2011 in the goblet-like structure of endogyne but can be distinguished by the very small eyes (vs well developed; cf. Figs 13 B, 14 E and Kranz-Baltensperger 2011: figs 28 C, 29 A), the dorsal abdominal scutum less than 1 / 3 of abdomen width in males and 1 / 6 in females (vs approximately 1 / 2 in males and 1 / 4 in females; cf. Figs 13 A, 14 A and Kranz-Baltensperger 2011: figs 28 A, 29 A) and the thorn-like process of male chelicerae (vs absent; cf. Figs 16 G, 17 G and Kranz-Baltensperger 2011: fig. 28 D).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (holotype). Body: habitus as in Fig. 13 A, C, E; body length 1.24. Carapace: 0.65 long, 0.48 wide; light yellow, oval in dorsal view, with egg-shaped patches behind eyes, pars cephalica slightly elevated in lateral view, surface of elevated portion of pars cephalica smooth, sides finely reticulate (Fig. 13 B, F). Clypeus: straight in frontal view, ALE separated from edge of carapace by 1.8 × of their diameter (Fig. 13 G). Eyes: six, reduced and very small, ALE largest, ALE circular, PME and PLE oval; posterior eye row procurved from above; ALE separated by less than their radius, PME – PLE touching, ALE – PLE touching (Fig. 13 B, G). Sternum: longer than wide, pale yellow, surface smooth, sparse setae (Fig. 13 D). Mouthparts: chelicerae, endites and labium yellow; chelicerae straight, anterior face with thorn-like process (tlp) on disk-like hair base (dhb), fang groove with a few small and one larger denticles (Figs 16 G, 17 G); anteromedian tip of endites with one strong, tooth-like projection (stp) (Fig. 13 D). Abdomen: 0.67 long, 0.35 wide; dorsal scutum well sclerotized, pale yellow, covering less than 1 / 3 of abdomen width and approximately 2 / 3 of abdomen length; epigastric scutum, pale yellow, fused to postgastric scutum; postgastric scutum covering 1 / 2 of abdomen length (Fig. 13 H). Legs: pale yellow, leg spines longer than segment width, spine formula: femora: I p 0-1 - 1; II p 0-0 - 1; tibiae: I, II p 2-1 - 1; r 2-1 - 1; metatarsi: I, II p 1-1 - 0; r 1-1 - 0. Legs III and IV spineless. Palp: dark reddish brown, trochanter with ventral projection; bulb with two ventral protuberances, distal end of bulb stout, with ventral lobe (vl), large triangular dorsal membrane (dm) and retrolateral lobe (rl) (Figs 19 G – I, 23 A – D).</p><p>Female (paratype, SYNU -2518). Same as male except as noted. Body: habitus as in Fig. 14 A – C; body length 1.33. Carapace: 0.58 long, 0.46 wide (Fig. 14 E). Mouthparts: chelicerae and endites unmodified (Fig. 14 F). Abdomen: 0.82 long, 0.48 wide; dorsal scutum covering 1 / 6 of abdomen width and approximately 1 / 2 of abdomen length; epigastric scutum well sclerotized, pale yellow, not fused to postgastric scutum (Fig. 14 A – D). Endogyne: with goblet-like structure (gls); winding duct (wd) strongly convoluted; apodemes (a) present (Fig. 14 H, I).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Known only from the type locality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/556379373EBC5BB98E30D8BBDCE0536C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Shi, Songlu;Bian, Dongju;Tong, Yanfeng;Li, Shuqiang	Shi, Songlu, Bian, Dongju, Tong, Yanfeng, Li, Shuqiang (2026): Eight new species of the genus Ischnothyreus Simon, 1893 (Araneae, Oonopidae) from Hainan Island, China. ZooKeys 1286: 153-185, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1286.201862
C86E3CA9668A549A8670A852714BF4C0.text	C86E3CA9668A549A8670A852714BF4C0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ischnothyreus wuzhishan Tong & Li 2026	<div><p>Ischnothyreus wuzhishan Tong &amp; Li sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 15, 16 H, 17 H, 19 J – L, 23 E – H</p><p>Common name.</p><p>Wuzhishan Weak-spotted Spider (五指山弱斑蛛).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: China • ♂ (SYNU -F-1709); Hainan, Wuzhishan City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.68725&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.902168" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.68725/lat 18.902168)">Wuzhishan National Natural Reserve</a>; 18°54'07.81"N, 109°41'14.10"E, 920 ± 24 m elev.; 2. IV. 2012; Chen leg.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The new species is similar to I. microphthalmus Richard, 2016 in the large dorsal abdominal scutum and very small eyes but can be distinguished by the reticulate carapace (vs smooth; cf. Fig. 15 A and Richard et al. 2016: fig. 56 A, F), the thorn-like process of male chelicerae (vs absent; cf. Figs 16 H, 17 H and Richard et al. 2016: fig. 56 C) and the large dorsal membrane (vs absent; cf. Figs 19 J, 23 E and Richard et al. 2016: fig. 58 A, C, E).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (holotype). Body: body length 1.22. Carapace: 0.71 long, 0.57 wide; yellowish brown, broadly oval in dorsal view, with egg-shaped patches behind eyes, pars cephalica slightly elevated in lateral view, surface of elevated portion of pars cephalica smooth, sides strongly reticulate (Fig. 15 A, E). Clypeus: straight in frontal view, ALE separated from edge of carapace by 1.2 × of their diameter (Fig. 15 G). Eyes: six, reduced and very small, ALE largest, ALE circular, PLE oval, PME squared; posterior eye row procurved from above; ALE touching, PME – PLE touching, ALE – PLE touching (Fig. 15 A, G). Sternum: longer than wide, yellow, surface smooth, sparse setae (Fig. 15 C). Mouthparts: chelicerae, endites and labium yellow; chelicerae straight, anterior face with thorn-like process (tlp) and thick hair (th), fang groove with a few small denticles (Figs 16 H, 17 H); anteromedian tip of endites with one strong, tooth-like projection (stp) (Fig. 15 C). Abdomen: 0.62 long, 0.34 wide; dorsal scutum well sclerotized, yellowish brown, covering almost all of abdomen width and approximately 5 / 6 of abdomen length, fused to epigastric scutum (Fig. 15 B, H); epigastric scutum, yellow, fused to postgastric scutum; postgastric scutum covering 2 / 3 of abdomen length (Fig. 15 D). Legs: yellow, leg spines longer than segment width, spine formula: femora: I p 0-1 - 1; II p 0-0 - 1; tibiae: I, II p 2-1 - 1; r 2-1 - 1; metatarsi: I, II p 1-1 - 0; r 1-1 - 0. Legs III and IV spineless. Palp: dark reddish brown, trochanter with ventral projection; bulb with two ventral protuberances, distal end of bulb stout, with large ventral lobe (vl), dorsal membrane (dm) and retrolateral lobe (rl) (Figs 19 J – L, 23 E – H).</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Known only from the type locality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C86E3CA9668A549A8670A852714BF4C0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Shi, Songlu;Bian, Dongju;Tong, Yanfeng;Li, Shuqiang	Shi, Songlu, Bian, Dongju, Tong, Yanfeng, Li, Shuqiang (2026): Eight new species of the genus Ischnothyreus Simon, 1893 (Araneae, Oonopidae) from Hainan Island, China. ZooKeys 1286: 153-185, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1286.201862
