taxonID	type	description	language	source
07634E1EFFF4FF98AC91FDB6ADC66C27.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Linhares, Reserva Natural da Vale. Estrada Flamengo, entre Bicuíba e Roxinho, 19 ° 9 ‘ 9.9 ’’ S, 40 ° 1 ’ 36.9 ’’ W, 67 m elev., 5 December 2012 (fl., fr.), M. N. Saka 179 (holotype: HRCB!, isotypes: AAU!, CVRD!, MBML!).	en	Saka, Mariana Naomi (2025): Goeppertia siqueirana (Marantaceae), a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Phytotaxa 728 (3): 277-284, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.728.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.728.3.3
07634E1EFFF4FF98AC91FDB6ADC66C27.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Goeppertia siqueirana shares the presence of claviculated bracteoles and small inflorescences with G. applicata (Jacob-Makoy ex Morren 1874: 228) Borchsenius & Suárez (2012: 629) and G. widgrenii (Körnicke 1862: 117) Borchsenius & Suárez (2012: 635). However, the new species can be differentiated from G. applicata and G. widgrenii by the absence of tubers (vs. presence), minutely tomentose leaf sheaths and petioles (vs. hirsute in G. applicata; villose in G. widgrenii), tomentose peduncles (vs. hirsute), 5 – 9 cymules per spathe (vs. 3 in G. applicata and 3 – 5 in G. widgrenii), and smaller callose and cucullate staminodes.	en	Saka, Mariana Naomi (2025): Goeppertia siqueirana (Marantaceae), a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Phytotaxa 728 (3): 277-284, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.728.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.728.3.3
07634E1EFFF4FF98AC91FDB6ADC66C27.taxon	description	Description: — Herbs, 0.5 − 1.0 m tall. Rhizome sympodial. Tubers absent. Cataphylls narrowly ovate, apex obtuse, apiculate, initially pinkish, soon drying and turning brown, innermost 16 − 24 cm long. Perennial leaves, usually borne singly, occasionally 2 − 3 basal leaves per node; leaf sheath not auriculate, green to yellowish-green, minutely appressed tomentose, 4 − 17 cm long; petiole finely grooved, deep green, tinged purplish basally, subglabrous apically to minutely appressed tomentose toward base, 13 − 42 cm long; pulvinus elliptic in cross-section, olive-green, glabrous to subglabrous apically, often with an acuminate extension, up to 1 cm long onto the petiole abaxially, 2.3 − 5.0 cm long; leaf blade chartaceous, elliptic to obovate, acute (ca. 50 − 60 °) at base, acuminate at apex, 24.0 – 42.9 × 7 – 12 (– 17.8) cm, abaxially greyish-green with a slight metallic sheen, faintly tinged purple or entirely purple, midrib olive-green to reddish brown along borders, yellowish along midline, glabrous with a midrib minutely tomentose along borders and becoming glabrous at apex; adaxially semi-shiny, dark green to grass-green, midrib olive-green, glabrous with midrib minutely tomentose toward base and occasionally at apex. Synflorescence usually borne on a separate, non-leafy shoot, rarely terminal on a 1 − 2 leaved shoot, 1 − 6 per shoot, lax, broadly ovoid, 2.5 − 3.5 × 3 − 4.5 cm; peduncle olive-green, becoming purplish in age, tomentose, (20 –) 30 − 55 cm long; Spathes (3 −) 7 − 12, spirally arranged, obovate, the uppermost the narrowest, acute at apex, often acuminate in basalmost bract, outer margin and apex spreading, 1.1 − 3.4 × 0.8 − 1.8 cm, each subtending 7 (− 10) cymules, outer surface olive-green or pinkish-white, tinged purple to dark red basally in age, minutely tomentose, inner surface green, distally 2 / 3 minutely tomentose internally; bicarinate prophyll membranaceous, translucent, elliptic, apex obtuse, green, occasionally reddish, sides minutely tomentose basally, 0.7 − 1.0 × 0.7 − 1.1 cm (0.4 − 0.7 cm wide from carina to carina); interphyll membranaceous, ovate-elliptic, retuse at apex, glabrous, faint pink and tinged green apically, occasionally reddish, 0.7 − 1.2 × (0.4 −) 0.6 − 1.1 cm; bracteoles, 1 per flower pair, medial, claviculate, yellow apically, faint pink basally, glabrous, 0.7 − (1.4 − 3.0) cm long. Sepals ovate to elliptic, apex acute, minutely tomentose at apex, white with faint pinkish tinge at apex and base, margins hyaline, 11 − 13 × 3 − 5 mm. Corolla tube white, glabrous, 2.1 − 2.6 cm long; lobes subequal, elliptic, apex obtuse with slight acumen, white, glabrous, 11 − 13 × 4 − 5 mm; outer staminode narrowly obovate, apex obtuse, white, (11 −) 13 − 15 × (5 −) 8 − 9 mm; callose staminode petaloid at apex, spathulate, white, (12 −) 14 − 18 × (7 −) 10 − 12 mm; cucullate staminode white, (8 −) 9 − 11 × 3 − 4 mm; stamen with lateral petaloid appendage to 1.5 mm wide, extending up to 0.5 mm of the anther; anther yellow, 1 − 2 mm long, upper 1 mm of filament free; style and stigma white, dorsally brownish after triggering, (6 –) 9 − 12 mm long; ovary white, glabrous, 0.8 − 1.0 × 0.5 mm. Capsule fleshy, obpyramidal, brown, glabrous; crowned by a persistent green calyx, 10 − 13 × 10 − 14 mm. Seeds usually 3 per capsule, pinkish, bearing a white aril, 5.0 − 7.5 × 5.5 × 4 − 5 mm. Fig. 1.	en	Saka, Mariana Naomi (2025): Goeppertia siqueirana (Marantaceae), a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Phytotaxa 728 (3): 277-284, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.728.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.728.3.3
07634E1EFFF4FF98AC91FDB6ADC66C27.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet ‘ siqueirana ’ honors Geovane Siqueira, curator of the Vale Natural Reserve Herbarium (CVRD) and a dedicated researcher of the Atlantic Forest in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil.	en	Saka, Mariana Naomi (2025): Goeppertia siqueirana (Marantaceae), a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Phytotaxa 728 (3): 277-284, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.728.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.728.3.3
07634E1EFFF4FF98AC91FDB6ADC66C27.taxon	distribution	Distribution, habitat, phenology, and ecological notes: — Goeppertia siqueirana is found in lowland to submontane forests, at elevations up to 400 m, in the states of Bahia and Espirito Santo, Brazil (Fig. 2). This newly described species typically occurs in populations where individuals are spaced apart. It prefers habitats with sandy or clayey soils. It flowers from October to May; fruits observed in December. Goeppertia siqueirana exhibits significant variation in leaf color and size, apparently influenced by soil type. Individuals living in clayey soils were observed to typically have reddish young leaves that may mature to pinkish or purplish adaxially, with a wider leaf shape and a length / width ratio of approximately 3: 1 (Fig. 3 A). In contrast, individuals in sandy soils within lowland forest formations of Espírito Santo (“ Floresta de Tabuleiro ”) or Bahia generally were observed displaying entirely green leaves, sometimes with a greyish-green underside, narrower in shape with a length / width ratio ranging from 4: 1 to 7: 1 (Fig. 3 B). This variability was observed also in spathe coloration, where plants in sandy soils produce green or pinkish-white spathes (Fig. 3 C), while those in clayish soils tend towards darker shades of brownish or reddish-green (Fig. 3 D). It is not known if the different patterns observed are correlated to soil type, luminosity, or any edaphic variation. Synflorescences of G. siqueirana bear one to several flowers simultaneously (Fig. 3 D−F), sometimes with mirrored flowers on a cymule (Fig. 3 F) where one flower opens a day after the other. The flowers are effuse and white, opening in the early morning hours and lasting for two days (pers. obs.). Three ant species were frequently observed on inflorescences of almost all individuals (Fig. 3 E), sometimes completely covering the spathes. This association is reminiscent of similar observations in G. ovandensis (Matuda 1951: 333) Borchsenius & Suárez (2012: 633) (Horvitz & Schemske 1984), indicating the presence of secretory tissues on the bracteoles, confirmed in G. siqueirana by Costa (2025). Further investigation may determine if this association represents ant guarding and whether it influences pollination dynamics and / or seed production in G. siqueirana.	en	Saka, Mariana Naomi (2025): Goeppertia siqueirana (Marantaceae), a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Phytotaxa 728 (3): 277-284, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.728.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.728.3.3
07634E1EFFF4FF98AC91FDB6ADC66C27.taxon	conservation	Preliminary conservation status: — Estimates of the Extent of Occurrence (EOO = 80,642 km ²) classify this species as ‘ Least Concern’ (LC), while estimates of the Area of Occupancy (AOO = 76 km ²) classify it as Endangered (EN) (Bachman, 2011). Goeppertia siqueirana has been recorded in eight different locations (Criteria B, a ≤ 10), the majority of which are private properties not under legal conservation. Because the northern region of Espírito Santo and southern Bahia, where G. siqueirana occurs, are experiencing ongoing habitat loss and fragmentation due to real estate speculation and agricultural land use (SOSMA & INPE, 2023), the quality of habitat of the new species is inferred to decline (Criteria B, b). In conclusion, the new species is considered vulnerable (VU, B 1, B 2 a, b, IUCN 2024).	en	Saka, Mariana Naomi (2025): Goeppertia siqueirana (Marantaceae), a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Phytotaxa 728 (3): 277-284, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.728.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.728.3.3
07634E1EFFF4FF98AC91FDB6ADC66C27.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material examined (paratypes): — BRAZIL. Bahia: Ilhéus, Fazenda Barra do Manguinho, 3 km in on dirt road from km 9 of the Ilhéus-Olivença road, 15 February 1986 (fl.), L. Andersson et al. 1672 (CEPEC, GB); Itacaré, 11.6 km South of junction with BA- 654 at “ Loteamento Marambaia ” on road to Serra Grande, the junction 6 km West of Itacaré, 14 ° 24 ’ S, 39 ° 16 ’ W, 2 May 1993 (fl.), W W. Thomas et al. 9768 (CEPEC, GB); Itamaraju, Monte Pescoço, acesso pela Rodovia BR- 101, segunda entrada à esquerda após posto Bentevi (sentido norte), 17 ° 00 ’ 8.1 ’’ S, 39 ° 34 ’ 55.55 ’’ W, 30 October 2014 (fl.), M. N. Saka et al. 470 (AAU, CEPEC, HPL, HRCB); Itanhém, estrada Itanhém a Batinga, ca. 16 km, ramal à direita, dando acesso à Fazenda Pedra Grande, de propriedade de Etevaldo Rezende da Silva, 17 ° 8 ’ 17 ’’ S, 40 ° 25 ’ 34 ’’ W, 29 December 2004 (fl.), A. M. Amorim et al. 4640 (CEPEC); Porto Seguro, RPPN Estação Veracel, 16 ° 30 ’ S, 39 ° 15 ’ W, 100 m, 3 March 2010 (fl.), G. M. Carvalho et al. 232 (CEPEC). Espírito Santo: Governador Lindenberg, Morelo, propriedade de Fernando Nicolli, 19 ° 8 ’ 55 ’’ S, 40 ° 27 ’ 28 ’’ W, 110 − 150 m, 13 November 2006 (fl.), V. Demuner et al. 3028 (MBML [not seen]); Linhares, Reserva da Vale, Estrada da Oiticica, ombrófila na floresta alta, 5 February 1991 (fl.), D. A. Folli & E. Costa 1273 (CVRD, GB, K [not seen], MBML, MO [not seen], NY [not seen], RB, SP, UBC [not seen)]), Estrada Gavião Real, entre Bicuíba e Roxinho, 11 December 2019 (fl., fr.), M. N. Saka et al. 646 (HRCB); Marilândia, Liberdade, Água Viva, escadaria para Pedra do Cruzeiro, propriedade de Aguilar A. Lovucini, 19 ° 21 ’ 2.19 ’’ S, 40 ° 32 ’ 52.40 ’’ W, 356 m, 11 December 2019 (fl.), M. N. Saka et al. 636 (HRCB); São Mateus, fragmento florestal localizado a aproximadamente 8 km da BR- 101, altura do km 86, 18 ° 53 ’ 5 ’’ S, 39 ° 54 ’ 25 ’’ W, 10 January 2008 (fl.), L. F. T. Menezes et al. 1811 (VIES). Goeppertia applicata — BRAZIL. Bahia: Alcobaça: Ramal para Santo Antônio, 24 January 1972 (fl., fr.), Pinheiro 1763 (CEPEC, GB); Teixeira de Freitas: Vale do Rio Alcobaça, 12 May 1971 (fl.), T. S. Santos 1615 (CEPEC); Km 6 da Rodovia Teixeira de Freitas a Alcobaça, 9 October 1971 (fl.), T. S. Santos 2082 (CEPEC). Espírito Santo: Montanha: propriedade do Sr. Waldomiro, 5 km de estrada de terra após a fábrica de laticínios Resende, fragmento de mata degradada, com entrada de gado, 18 ° 10 ’ 59.4 ” S, 40 ° 27 ’ 15.6 ” W, 247 m, 17 December 2013 (fl., fr.), M. N. Saka et al. 348 (HRCB). Goeppertia widgrenii — BRAZIL. Alagoas: Ibateguara: Coimbra, Grota do Varjão, área de topo, 23 April 2002 (fl.), M. Oliveira & Grillo 909 (IPA, UFP). Bahia: Camacã: Rodovia a Santa Luzia, 20 August 1971 (fl.), T. S. Santos 1873 (CEPEC), Itamaraju: coletado de espécime em cultivo no Jardim Botânico Plantarum, 7 November 2014 (fl.), M. N. Saka 474 (HRCB). Espírito Santo: Águia Branca: Assentamento 16 de Abril, 18 ° 54 ’ 25.3 ” S, 40 ° 44 ’ 5 ” W, 150 − 200 m, 15 March 2006 (fl., fr.), V. Demuner et al. 1946 (MBML), Barra de São Francisco: Parque Municipal Sombra da Tarde, Trilha da Pedra, 230 m, 21 November 2000 (fl.), L. Kollmann et al. 3338 (MBML), Linhares: Reserva da Vale, estrada Farinha Seca, 16 April 1991 (fl.), D. A. Folli 1341 (CVRD, ESA, GB), Marilândia: Propriedade do Sr. Deoclécio Lorencini, bairro Liberdade, trilhas a partir da plantação de café, ao longo do córrego na encosta, do outro lado da encosta, 19 ° 21 ’ 13.9 ” S, 40 ° 30 ’ 56.4 ” W, 253 m, 18 January 2015 (fl.), M. N. Saka et al. 576 (HRCB), Santa Teresa: Bairro 25 de Julho, segue 5 km pela estrada de terra, após ponte vira à direita e mais 1 km em estrada de terra, 19 ° 50 ’ 23.7 ” S, 40 ° 36 ’ 37.1 ” W, 20 December 2013 (fl., fr.), M. N. Saka et al. 366 (HRCB). Minas Gerais: Caratinga: Estação Biológica de Caratinga, Matão, 21 November 1984 (fl.), P. M. Andrade & M. A. Lopes 527 (BHCB). Pernambuco: Jaqueira: RPPN Frei Caneca, 5 September 2013 (fl.), Buril et al. 644 (UFP). Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro: Corcovado, 15 February 1891 (fl.), A. F. M. Glaziou 18541 a (C, P); Botafogo, Morro Novo Mundo, Campus da Universidade Santa Úrsula, 13 December 1995 (fl.), Lira Neto & J. M. A. Braga 200 (HRCB).	en	Saka, Mariana Naomi (2025): Goeppertia siqueirana (Marantaceae), a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Phytotaxa 728 (3): 277-284, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.728.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.728.3.3
07634E1EFFF4FF98AC91FDB6ADC66C27.taxon	discussion	Comments: — Goeppertia siqueirana can be recognized in the field by its compact synflorescences with few spathes, the claviculated bracteoles and several white flowers, often covered by ants on the spathes. G. applicata and G. widgrenii also exhibits small inflorescences with few spathes, claviculated bracteoles and large, effuse white flowers; however, G. siqueirana differs from both G. applicata and G. widgrenni by the minutely tomentose leaf sheath, longer petiole with 13 − 42 cm long, pulvine up to 5 cm long, glabrous to glabrescent at apex, leaf blades with an acute base (50 − 60 °), tomentose and longer peduncle, more flowers per synflorescence, with five to nine flower pairs per spathe, and smaller outer and callose staminodes (Table 1). G. applicata is characterized by a distinct leaf blade variegation featuring oval to rounded olive-green blotches on both sides of the midrib adaxially, contrasting with the plain green leaf blades of G. siqueirana and G. widgrenii (Fig. 3 A, B, Table 1). Goeppertia siqueirana can be assigned to the subgenus Pseudophrynium Koernicke (1862: 113) based on the presence of inflorescences with spirally arranged bracts. It also fits within series Rhizanthae Eichler, apud Petersen (1890: 89), due to its inflorescence arising from a branch that develops from the rhizome, separate from the foliage leaves. Furthermore, it can be placed in section Microcephalum Bentham & Hooker (1883: 654), by virtue of its small spikes with imbricate and spirally arranged bracts. A preliminary phylogenetic analysis of Goeppertia species from Brazil (Saka 2016) positioned G. siqueirana within a clade comprising species of subgenus Pseudophrynium, series Rhizanthae, sensu Schumann (1902: 107). Nevertheless, phylogenetic studies with broader sampling are necessary to gain a better understanding of the infrageneric relationships within the genus.	en	Saka, Mariana Naomi (2025): Goeppertia siqueirana (Marantaceae), a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Phytotaxa 728 (3): 277-284, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.728.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.728.3.3
